Let’s sit back and take a ride back in time. See and hear

where the music we love came from. Enjoy!!

1

Middle AgesPre 1420sMusic

-chant

-first written music-instrumental music-Troubadours-Sacred music; motes and Mass

Musicians• Guido de Arezzo• Hildegard of Bingen

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xk1W22yHLJQ (:45)

2

Renaissance1420-1600

Music

-polyphonic

-dance music

-instrumental music

-English Madrigal

-Sacred music; motes and Mass

Musicians

• Josquin des Prez

• Giovannie Da Palestrina

• William Byrd

• Thomas Morley

• Michael Praetorius

3

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=739R9G0qDH8

Renaissance…• Historical Themes…• Invention of printing press, music more accessible

• Beginning of the change from the feudal system to the modern state

• Shakespearian plays

• Era of Michelangelo’s paintings and sculpture

• Music moving outside of the confines of the church

• Luther began Protestant Reformation

• Columbus and Magellan expand view of the world

4

Baroque1600-1750• Music

~ Operas source of entertainment

• Ortorio

• Concerto

• Harpsichord

• Formalized dances

• Voices and instruments mixed

• Instrument forms of concerto, sonata

• Musicians• Johann Sebastian Bach

• Antonio Vivaldi

• Donenico Scarlatti

• George Fredric Handel 5

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZCfydWF48c(1:06)

Baroque…• Historical Themes…

• Scientists, Galileo and Newton used observation and experiments to develop hypotheses about why things happen.

• Got its name from the ornate style of architecture of the time.

• Monarchs(kings) began to employ composers of their courts.

• Development of holdings in the New World by English , French and Spanish.

6

Classical1750-1820

• Music:• Dances• Symphonies• Sonatas• Minuets• Gavotte• String quartets• Piano main instrument for

composers

• Musicians:• Franz Joseph Haydn• Wolfgang A. Mozart• Franz Schubert

7

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OP9SX7V14Z4(:35)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bUQRPRHTI8(6:38)

Classical…• Historical Themes…

• Industrial revolution led to increases in material goods and wealth.

• Art and architecture cleaner and uncluttered modeling that of the classical Greeks.

• Aristocracies began replacing monarchs and the church as music patrons.

• Writers such as Rousseau and Voltaire spread ideas of the philosophy of enlightenment.

• Time of the American Revolution.

8

Romantic1820-1900

• Music• Operas and program

music

• Romances from Mid Evil times

• Poetry and stories of heroes

• Dynamics wider, tempos more extreme

• Musicians• Felix Mendelssohn

• Robert Schumann

• Frederic Chopin

• Franz Liszt

• Johannes Brahms 9

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsZGM9vagsY

Romantic…• Historical Themes…

• The revolutions of the 18th century brought about a new social order

• Italy and Central Europe freed from foreign control

• Charles Darwin introduces his theory about the origin of species

• Specialized music training institutions developed

• Invention of new instruments of the orchestra

10

20th Century• Music

• All sounds are possible• Mixes elements from

multiple cultures• Many new insturments• Complex rhythms• Jazz, blues, folk, rock-n-roll,

country

• Musicians• Scott Joplin• Arnold Schoenbery• Igor Stravinsky• Serge Prokofiev• Duke Ellington

11

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDmfNsSI1ao(:45)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jY6b1DdSCwk(7:08)

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HISTORICAL THEMES:

~Progression of travel from earliest cars, jets, and space travel, with the development of technology creating global communication.

~Decline of totalitarian cultures, Adolph Hitler and Germany, Russian and Chinese revolutions, and movements for freedom and democracy in Poland, and South Africa.

~World Wars I and II, Korean and Vietnam conflict, and Desert Storm.

20th Century…

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Credits Page.Information gathered from various books and websites as follows…

www.ipl.org/exhibit/mushit/

www.essentials of music.com/main.html/

The Composer’s Specials by Betsy Henderson