level 2 intermediate - unical · no one says a word. they are anxious, lost in their memories and...

Fill the gaps in the sentences using these key words from the text. The paragraph numbers are given to

help you.

1. someone who changes spoken or written words into another language, especially as their job

_________________________ (para 1)

2. to get someone to work in a company or join an organization _________________________ (para 1)

3. the language spoken by a particular group or in a particular area, when it is different from the formal written

language _________________________ (para 2)

4. equipment that secretly lets telephone conversations be heard or recorded _________________________

(para 2)

5. the process of carefully watching a person or place that may be involved in a criminal activity

_________________________ (para 2)

6. a business transaction that often involves buying or selling drugs _________________________ (para 2)

7. someone who teaches or studies languages _________________________ (para 3)

8. words or expressions that are very informal and are not considered suitable for more formal situations

_________________________ (para 3)

9.

_________________________ (para 8)

10. the act of giving in to somebody _________________________ (para 8)

11. plan, or well-meant idea (the intention to do something) _________________________ (para 8)

12. a regional variety of language distinguished by features of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation

_________________________ (para 11)

NEWS LESSONS / US drug agency recruits speakers of ‘street slang’ / IntermediatePH

OTO

CO

PIABLE

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT

E© Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2010

US drug agency recruits speakers of ‘street slang’

Level 2 Intermediate

Warmer1

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct second half of the sentence.

intent surrender undermine translator surveillance recruit

linguist deals slang vernacular wiretaps dialect

Key words 2

Ebonics is ...

a. … the street name of an illegal drug.

b. … an informal language used by some African Americans.

c. … a style of underground music similar to jazz.

Scanning for information3

1. What does DEA stand for?

2. How many speakers of Ebonics are the DEA looking for and where will they work?

3. What will the main work of the speakers of Ebonics be?

4. Which of the following languages do the DEA class as ‘common’ and which do they class as ‘exotic’? Arabic,

Norwegian, Farsi, Chimora.


OTO

CO

PIABLE

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT





Chris McGreal in Washington

24 August, 2010

The demand for large numbers of Spanish

translators in America’s war on drugs will come

as no surprise. But now, an attempt to recruit

people who speak what some consider to be

a homegrown United States language has put

the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

in the unique position of seeking translators to

understand what African Americans are saying to

each other.

The DEA is hiring nine speakers of Ebonics.

Ebonics is a term that appeared in the

mid-1970s to describe US black vernacular

English. The speakers of Ebonics will translate

wiretaps and video surveillance tapes into

standard American English. The translations will

allow government agents to track criminal deals

and provide evidence that will stand up in court.

Ebonics is described by some linguists as a

kind of English that uses the grammar of African

languages. But as it also includes many words

that have been invented on the streets, others

say it is just slang.

Nonetheless, the DEA is confused enough by

the language to ask companies which provide

translators. These translators will cover an area

from Washington DC to New Orleans and Miami

and even the Caribbean.

Not everyone agrees with this decision.

Ebonics even exists.

“A lot of times people think you’re just dealing

with a few slang words and that you can work

your way around it,” John Rickford, a Stanford

University linguistics professor, told the

Associated Press. “But that’s not true –

it’s a big vocabulary. There are some

Although many scholars do not accept that

Ebonics is a language, it got nationwide attention

in 1996 when a school board in Oakland,

California decided to recognize it as a primary

language and to offer classes taught in Ebonics.

The decision was criticized because people

thought it would undermine African American

children’s command of English. Jesse Jackson,

the African American civil rights leader,

described it as “an unacceptable surrender”.

He later changed his position, saying he had

misunderstood that the school’s intent was to

use Ebonics to improve the students’ English.

“It seems ironic that schools that are serving and

educating black children have not recognized

this language,” said H Samy Alim, a Stanford

linguistics professor. “Yet the police are

recognizing that this is a language that they don’t

understand. It tells us a lot about where we are

socially in terms of recognizing African

American speech.”

The DEA’s need for Ebonics translators was

Smoking Gun (a website belonging to Turner

Entertainment Digital Network that uploads

material obtained from government and law

enforcement sources, via freedom of

information requests).

The DEA says it mostly needs speakers of

Latin American Spanish but it is also seeking

“common” or “exotic”. The common languages

include Arabic, Farsi and Punjabi. On the

exotic list are Baloch from Iran, Berber dialects,

Chimora from Guam, Ibo from Nigeria

and Norwegian.

The Ebonics translators will work in the Atlanta

Field Division where there will be a similar

number of Vietnamese, Korean and Laotian

speakers – and 144 Spanish translators.

© Guardian News & Media 2010

First published in The Guardian, 24/08/10

1

2

3

4

9

5

8

10

7

6

11

12


OTO

CO

PIABLE

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT




1. recruit (title) verb / noun

2. demand (para 1) verb / noun

3. attempt (para 1) verb / noun

4. track (para 2) verb / noun

5. deal (para 2) verb / noun

6. cover (para 4) verb / noun

7. offer (para 7) verb / noun

8. surrender (para 8) verb / noun

Verb or noun?4

These words can all be verbs or nouns. Find them in the article. How are they used – as verbs or nouns?

Explain both meanings of the word by making example sentences.

Ebonics translation5

In the US TV series, The Wire, Baltimore police spend hours listening to wiretaps. How good do you think

you would be at understanding what is being said? Match the Ebonic language on the left with the more

standard English translation on the right.

1. We got to book

2. I need a re-up

3. Word is bond

4. Got $10 I can hold?

5. Is he shook?

6. Well, later. I got to grind

a. Can I borrow $10?

b. Is he scared?

c. We’ve got to leave.

d. Bye. Got to get to work.

e. I mean it.

f. I need a new supply (e.g. of drugs)

Discussion6

Are there any expressions, or special ways of communicating, used by young people in your area that

older people may not understand?

Is there a strong dialect used in your area? In which ways, and how much, does it differ from the

standard language of your country?

How much has your language changed in the course of two generations? Do you use the same terms

as your grandparents do / would have done?


OTO

CO

PIABLE

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT




1 Warmer

b

The term derives from a blend of the

words “ebony” and “phonics”. It is also known as

African American Vernacular English.

2 Key words

1. translator

2. recruit

3. vernacular

4. wiretaps

5. surveillance

6. deals

7. linguist

8. slang

9. undermine

10. surrender

11. intent

12. dialect

More information about the Atlanta

Field Division can be found here:

3 Scanning for information

1. Drug Enforcement Administration

2. Nine. They will be assigned to the Atlanta

Field Division.

3. To translate wiretaps and video surveillance tapes

into standard US English so that the evidence can

be used in court.

4. Common = Arabic and Farsi.

Exotic = Norwegian and Chimora.

4 Verb or noun?

1. recruit verb

2. demand noun

3. attempt noun

4. track verb

5. deal noun

6. cover verb

7. offer verb

8. surrender noun

5 Ebonics translation

1. c

2. f

3. e

4. a

5. b

6. d

6 Discussion

Ask your students to discuss the

question they feel most comfortable with and are able to

give an opinion on. The question they choose may well

depend on the age of the students. If you have a larger

class with students of different ages, you might like to

divide them into groups according to their ages, ask

them to discuss one question and then have a group

feedback session.

You can listen to and watch excerpts

from the TV series The Wire on YouTube, for example,

‘The Wire – 100 greatest quotes’ here:

Please be aware that it contains a lot of swearing and

may not be suitable for all classes.

KEY

Downloaded from the Magazine section in www.onestopenglish.com •PH

OTO

COPIA

BLE

•

CAN B

E DOW

NLO

ADED

FROM

WEB

SITE© Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2006

Return to Algeria

Level 2 ● Intermediate

1 Key Words

Match the words from the text with the definitions.

1. anxious

2. talkative

3. determined

4. innumerable

5. indifferent

6. hostile

7. daring

8. dilapidated

9. slightly

10.hospitable

a. impossible to count

b. old and in a bad condition

c. generous towards visitors and guests

d. not willing to let anything prevent you from doing what you have decided to do

e. lacking interest or sympathy

f. brave enough to do dangerous things

g. just a little

h. worried

i. behaving in a very unfriendly way

j. talking a lot

2 Find the information

Look in the text and find this information as quickly as possible.

1. Where are the people in the text travelling to?

2. When did they leave Algeria?

3. Why are they going back?

4. What was the attitude of French people towards them when they arrived in France?

5. When did Pierre’s family first settle in Algeria?

6. What did Enrico think of Algiers?

No one says a word. They are anxious, lost in their memories and perhaps their fears too. Once on board

the plane they start to relax. “When we get there, it will be like stepping back into my teens,” says Robert,

60. It is his wife Marie-France’s first flight. They live near Marseille, and in less than an hour they will be in

Algiers. “I have two little brothers there,” he suddenly says. They are buried in the Christian cemetery of

Algiers, next to his father and his grandparents.

As we approach Algiers he becomes more talkative. “I was born in the Hussein Dey district,” he says. “I

started work at 15. We lived in a rented flat, but we were happy. All we wanted was to go to the beach, do

some fishing and shooting.” When the plane lands, Robert simply says: “Here I am, back where I started 44

years ago.”


OTO

COPIA

BLE

•

CAN B

E DOW

NLO

ADED

FROM

WEB


Everyone in the group of about 50 people seems to want to do the same thing: see their old street, their

house, maybe their school and perhaps some childhood friends. The three-day tour is organised by a

French tour company which organises visits specially for French people who left Algeria in 1962. In the past

two years about 60,000 people have made the trip and numbers are increasingly steadily.

“When I saw the advert I didn’t hesitate for long,” says Lydia, 50. “My family and friends all said: ‘Algiers? But

you’re crazy. What are you are going to do in a place like that? What do you expect to find?’ Perhaps they

think we are going to Baghdad.” She was determined to go and told them: “Perhaps I’ll be disappointed, but

at least I’ll have tried.” So here they are again in Algiers for the first time in almost half a century. During the

dark years of Islamist terror (1990-2000) they thought they would never see the place again. For many it is

a big surprise, the streets full of people, the traffic jams and pollution, the innumerable satellite dishes, and

washing drying everywhere.

They cannot believe the warmth of their reception. Wherever they go they hear the same greeting:

“Welcome home.” Older people come up to them and ask, in French: “Why did you leave? Come back, we

need you.” Even the young people tell them: “It’s good to see Europeans again.” As time passes the anger

they have felt for so long begins to disappear. Who, they wonder, was actually threatening them when they

left in such a hurry in the summer of 1962? Was it the victorious National Liberation Front or the [far-right]

OAS extremists? Nothing seems clear any more. “I should never have left. Here, at least, I would have been

some use,” says Mary-Josette, a retired nurse. “We had no choice. We had to go,” say the others.

None of them have forgotten their nightmare arrival in France. Suddenly Algeria was no longer part of

France and they were no longer important. They lost everything. In France people were indifferent to them

and sometimes even hostile. “In Marseille and Toulon they referred to us as ‘repatriates’ but that was

nonsense. We were immigrants. Only here, in Algeria, are we really repatriates,” says Lydia.

Fabienne, 73, and Pierre, 60 met on the plane and discovered they were born in the same quarter of

Algiers. Fabienne is a colourful figure. Pierre, in contrast, is quiet, with blue eyes and fair hair. His family,

from Alsace, first settled in Algeria in 1870. He plans to visit his family’s old flat, a move that seems too

daring for Fabienne. She gathers some earth from outside her former home, a dilapidated block of flats.

This is where she used to buy doughnuts for breakfast and where she did her athletics training. At one point

in the 1950s she was the “Algerian champion over 100 and 200 metres”. She sees a bar she used to visit.

“Ah, I was young then,” she says, not knowing whether to laugh or cry. To the Algerians who smile at her,

she says: “Khuya” [my brother], adding: “I feel I know them, we have the same blood.”

When he reaches his building Pierre hesitates. “It’s all a bit too much,” he says, his voice full of emotion. He

climbs to the second floor and rings the bell. The door opens slightly. His wife Dominique waits on the stairs,

anxious. Her husband has been dreaming of this moment for 40 years and she wonders what will happen if

he is turned away. A woman, in her 60s appears. “Come in,” she says with a smile. Little has changed inside

the flat. Pierre goes from room to room. He finds the room where he was born, once occupied by his mother,

a musician. And here is the fireplace where the family used to put their Christmas presents. For a while,

Pierre says nothing, lost in his thoughts.

“Goodness, you have kept everything the same as it was,” says Pierre. The woman, who has lived in the flat

with her husband’s family since 1963, says: “This gentleman was born here and now he is reliving his whole

life. It must be terrible for him.” Finally everyone sits down and they exchange addresses. “You must come

back with your family, stay for a week,” says the old woman’s husband, when the visitors leave. “It’s a lot to

take all at once,” says Pierre, his eyes full of tears.

Return to Algeria



OTO

COPIA

BLE

•

CAN B

E DOW

NLO

ADED

FROM

WEB


Marcel Pontier has still not recovered from the shock he had that afternoon. He was taking a photograph of his old

home when the owner appeared. Marcel apologised and explained that he once lived there. The other man replied:

“Oh, you must be Mr Pontier.” Andre, a Jew born in the poor district of Bab el-Oued, is delighted. “What a welcome!

After all that has happened, it is quite unexpected. These are our people.”

Enrico, 79, does not share the enthusiasm. A barber and former member of the OAS, he now lives in the US. “It’s

dirty. I should have stayed at home with my memories. Still, I must admit, I’ve never seen such hospitable people.”

3 Comprehension Check

Decide whether these sentences are True or False according to the text.

1. All the travellers in the group were very talkative on the plane.

2. Robert’s two brothers live in Algiers.

3. Everyone in the group seems to want to revisit the scene of their childhood.

4. Lydia’s friends thought she was crazy to want to visit Algiers.

5. People in Algiers were indifferent and hostile to them.

6. The woman living in Pierre’s old flat has changed everything.

7. Pierre was invited to return and stay for a week.

8. Enrico was pleased he had visited Algiers.

4 Vocabulary 1 Collocations

Match the verbs with the nouns.

1. make a. a bell

2. feel b. a photograph

3. do c. addresses

4. ring d. a trip

5. exchange e. training

f. take f. anger

5 Vocabulary 2 Prepositions

Fill the gaps using prepositions.

1. full tears 2. board the plane

3. the first time 4. a hurry

5. contrast 6. recover

7. refer 8. smile

Return to Algeria



OTO

COPIA

BLE

•

CAN B

E DOW

NLO

ADED

FROM

WEB


6 Vocabulary 3 Word building

Complete the table.

Verb Noun

1. receive

2. greet

3. disappear

4. hesitate

5. threaten

6. arrive

7. discover

8. recover

7 Discussion

What things do you remember from your childhood and adolescent years? Do you find it an emotional

experience to visit the house where you were born or to go back to your first school?

Return to Algeria



OTO

COPIA

BLE

•

CAN B

E DOW

NLO

ADED

FROM

WEB


KEY

1 Key Words

1. h; 2. j; 3. d; 4. a; 5. e; 6. i; 7. f; 8. b; 9. g; 10. c


1. Algiers (Algeria)

2. 1962

3. To visit the place where they were born (their old house, their street, school, childhood friends)

4. They were indifferent or hostile

5. 1870

6. He thought it was dirty (but the people were very hospitable)

3 Comprehension Check

1. F; 2. F; 3. T; 4. T; 5. F; 6. F; 7. T; 8. F

4 Vocabulary 1 Collocations

1. d; 2. f; 3. e; 4. a; 5. c; 6. b


1. of; 2. on; 3. for; 4. in; 5. in; 6. from; 7. to; 8. at

6 Vocabulary 3 Word building

1. reception

2. greeting

3. disappearance

4. hesitation

5. threat

6. arrival

7. discovery

8. recovery

Return to Algeria


NEWS LESSONS / Is Stephen Hawking right about aliens? / Intermediate•P

HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT


Is Stephen Hawking right about aliens?


Fill the gaps in the sentences using these key words from the text. The paragraph numbers are given to

help you.

An _______________________ is someone who studies the stars and planets using scientific equipment, 1.

including telescopes. (para 1)

An _______________________ is a person or creature from a planet other than Earth. (para 1)2.

The _______________________ is a term meaning 3. the whole universe. (para 2)

A _______________________ is an extremely large group of stars and planets. (para 3)4.

The planets of our solar system _______________________ the sun. (para 3)5.

_______________________ communication is communication between different stars. (para 3)6.

A _______________________ is a system that uses radio signals to find the exact position of something. (para 5)7.

A _______________________ is the distance that light travels in a year. (para 5)8.

A _______________________ is a period of one thousand years. (para 6)9.

A _______________________ is the reason you do something. (para 9)10.

motive astronomer orbit alien light year

galaxy millennium cosmos interstellar radar

Key words1

Find the information2

Find this information in the text as quickly as possible.

How many stars are there in our galaxy?1.

How far has the oldest broadcast already travelled from Earth?2.

How long would it take for a message from a planet 1,000 light years away to reach Earth?3.

Where is the SETI Institute?4.

What kind of moon is Endor?5.

How many cells do ‘extremophiles’ have?6.


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT





Stephen Hawking thinks that making contact

with aliens would be a very bad idea indeed. But

with new, massive telescopes, we humans are

stepping up the search. Have we really thought

this through?

Alok Jha

30 April, 2010

The hunt for intelligent species outside Earth is

something we often see in literature and film –

but it is happening in real life, too. Space probes

are searching for planets outside our solar

system, and astronomers are carefully listening

for any messages coming to us through space.

How incredible it would be to get confirmation

that we are not alone in the universe and to

finally speak to an alien race. Wouldn’t it?

Well, no, according to the eminent physicist

Stephen Hawking. “If aliens visited us, the result

would be the same as when Columbus landed

in America, which didn’t end well for the Native

Americans,” Hawking says. He argues that,

instead of trying to find and communicate with

life in the cosmos, humans should be doing

everything they can to avoid contact.

Hawking believes that because of the huge

number of planets that scientists know must

exist, we are not the only life form in the

universe. There are billions and billions of stars

just in our galaxy, and we should expect that an

even larger number of planets orbit these stars.

And we can also expect that some of that alien

life will be intelligent, and capable of interstellar

communication. So, when someone with

Hawking’s knowledge of the universe advises

against contact, it’s worth listening, isn’t it?

Seth Shostak, a senior astronomer at the

SETI Institute in California, the world’s leading

organization searching for signs of alien

existence, is not so sure. “This is an unwarranted

fear,” Shostak says. “If their interest in our planet

is for something valuable that our planet has to

offer, there’s no particular reason to worry about

them now. If they’re interested in resources, they

have ways of finding rocky planets that don’t

depend on whether we broadcast or not. They

could have found us a billion years ago.”

If we were really worried about letting aliens

know we were here, Shostak says, the first

thing to do would be to shut down the BBC,

NBC, CBS and the radars at all airports. Those

broadcasts have been sending messages into

space for years – the oldest is already more than

80 light years from Earth – so it is already too

late to stop aliens watching our TV programmes.

There are lots of practical problems involved in

hunting for aliens, of course, mainly the distance.

If our nearest neighbours were life forms on the

(fictional) moon of Endor, 1,000 light years away,

it would take a millennium for us to receive any

message they could send us. If the Endorians

were watching us, the light reaching them from

Earth at this very moment would show them our

planet as it was 1,000 years ago; in Europe that

means lots of fighting between knights around

castles and, in north America, small bands of

natives living on the great plains. It is not a

timescale that allows for a quick conversation –

and, anyway, they might not be communicating

in our direction.

The fact that we have not received any

messages from aliens has not, however,

prevented astronomers and biologists (not to

mention film-makers) from producing a whole

range of ideas about what aliens might be like. In

the early days of SETI, astronomers were trying

to find planets like ours – the idea being that,

since the only biology we know about is our own,

aliens would be something like us. But there’s no

reason why that should be true. You don’t even

need to step off the Earth to find life that is very

different from our experience of it.

‘Extremophiles’ are species that can survive in

places that would quickly kill humans and other

‘normal’ life forms. These single-celled creatures

have been found in boiling hot jets of water that

come through the ocean floor, or at temperatures

many degrees below the freezing point of water.

1

2

3

4

6

5

7

8


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT




9

The front ends of some creatures that live

near deep-sea jets are 200°C warmer than

their back ends.

On Earth, life exists in water and on land but,

on a huge gas planet, for example, it could exist

high in the atmosphere, eating food from the air

around it. And, as aliens would be so different

from us, guessing their motives and intentions

if they ever got in touch seems to be something

that even Hawking cannot explain.

Paul Davies, an astrophysicist at Arizona

State University argues that alien brains, with

their different architecture, would interpret

information very differently from ours. “Lots

of people think that because they would be

so clever and knowledgeable, they would be

peaceful,” adds Stewart. “I don’t think you can

say that. I don’t think you can put human views

onto them; that’s a dangerous way of thinking.

Aliens are alien. If they exist at all, we cannot

simply believe they’re the same as us.”



10

Are these statements true (T) or false (F) according to the text?

Stephen Hawking believes we are the only life form in the universe.1.

Hawking thinks it is a bad idea to try to contact aliens.2.

The BBC, CBS and NBC are sending radio messages in order to contact aliens.3.

Aliens that are 1,000 light years away would see the Earth as it was 1,000 years ago.4.

Aliens would definitely be peaceful.5.

On a gas planet, life could exist high in the atmosphere. 6.

Find the word4

Find the following words and phrases in the text.

a two-word noun meaning 1. a vehicle containing cameras and other equipment that is sent outside the Earth’s

atmosphere to collect information (para 1)

an adjective meaning 2. important, respected and admired (para 2)

a two-word noun meaning 3. living thing (para 3)

an adjective meaning 4. not necessary (para 4)

an adjective meaning 5. invented for a book, play or film (para 6)

a noun meaning 6. the period of time when something happens or is done (para 6)

a noun meaning 7. someone who studies the physical and chemical structure of the stars and planets (para 10)

an adjective meaning 8. knowing a lot about different subjects (para 10)

Comprehension check3


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT




Word-building6

Complete the table using nouns from the text.

verb noun

1. hunt

2. confirm

3. contact

4. exist

5. intend

6. know

Discussion7

Do you believe that aliens exist? Why? Why not?

Two-word expressions5

Match the beginnings and endings to make phrases from the text.

freezing a. life1.

solar b. year2.

light c. point3.

life d. maker4.

film- e. form5.

real f. system6.


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT




1 Key words

astronomer1.

alien2.

cosmos3.

galaxy4.

orbit5.

interstellar6.

radar7.

light year8.

millennium9.

motive10.

2 Find the information.

billions and billions1.

80 light years2.

1,000 years (a millennium)3.

California4.

a fictional one5.

one6.

3 Comprehension check

F1.

T2.

F3.

T4.

F5.

T6.

4 Find the word

space probe1.

eminent2.

life form3.

unwarranted4.

fictional5.

timescale6.

astrophysicist7.

knowledgeable8.

5 Two-word expressions

c1.

f2.

b3.

e4.

d5.

a6.

6 Word-building

hunt1.

confirmation2.

contact3.

existence4.

intention5.

knowledge6.

KEY

NEWS LESSONS / Racism, ratings and reality TV / Intermediate•P

HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT


Fill the gaps using these key words from the text.

controversy allegation condemn regulator petition

elocution contestant fake overt prejudice

1. If someone is a ____________, they pretend to have skills they do not really have.

2. A ____________ is a document signed by many people asking the authorities to do something.

3. If you have ____________ lessons, you learn to speak clearly and with an accent that is considered correct.

4. If something is ____________, it is not hidden or secret.

5. ____________ is an unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially the feeling of not liking a group of people.

6. An ____________ is a statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal even though this has

not been proved.

7. A ____________ is a disagreement that a lot of people have strong feelings about.

8. If you ____________ something, you say publicly that something is bad or wrong.

9. A ____________ is an organization whose job is to check that companies, systems etc. act fairly

and follow rules.

10. A ____________ is someone who takes part in a contest or competition.

Racism, ratings and reality TV


Key words1



1. What is Celebrity Big Brother?

2. What TV station broadcasts Celebrity Big Brother?

3. How many people signed the online petition against the programme?

4. How many people watched the Monday night edition of the programme?

5. How many complaints will the police investigate formally?

6. Who is the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer?


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT


Racism, ratings and reality TV: now Big Brother creates a diplomatic incidentComplaints over Channel 4 show hit record

22,000. Police to investigate abuse of Bollywood

film star.

by Owen Gibson, Vikram Dodd and Randeep

Ramesh in Delhi. January 18, 2007

The reality TV show Celebrity Big Brother is

already in its fifth year. The number of viewers

has been falling but now a controversy over

the alleged racism of some of the participants

in this year’s show has led to demonstrations

on Indian streets, shock and anger in Downing

Street, condemnation from the Chancellor of the

Exchequer on a state visit to India and a police

investigation.

The Channel 4 show has always been

controversial but has never before caused an

international incident. However, as the number of

complaints from angry viewers grew to 22,000,

the Indian government criticised the programme

and local police confirmed they would investigate

allegations that three white fellow contestants

had behaved in a racist way towards Bollywood

star Shilpa Shetty.

The number of complaints looked sure to rise last

night as Channel 4 broadcast a furious argument

between Shetty and Jade Goody, who earned

millions after appearing on the non-celebrity

version of the show. Speaking to another

contestant, Cleo Rocos, after the argument

Shetty said: “I’m representing my country. Is

that what today’s UK is? It’s scary. It’s quite a

shame actually.” Rocos said: “I don’t think there’s

anything racist in it.” But Shetty replied: “It is, I’m

telling you.” Later, glamour model Danielle Lloyd,

talking to Goody, said that the Bollywood star

should go back home.

India’s Information and Broadcasting Minister

appealed to Shetty to appear before the Indian

High Commission in London when she came out

of the house. “If there has been some racism

shown against her in the show, it is not only an

attack on women but also on the colour of her

skin and her country,” he said. 19,300 complaints

were made to the UK media regulator, more

than double the previous record, while a further

3,000 complaints were made direct to Channel 4.

Another 20,000 people signed an online petition

organised by the newspaper Eastern Eye.

The local police said they would formally

investigate 30 complaints. A spokesman said:

“We are investigating allegations of racist

behaviour in the Big Brother house, and

will conduct an inquiry, including a review

of videotapes of the programme.” Channel

4 executives and the show’s producers met

yesterday to discuss the row, but privately they

may be delighted. Tuesday night’s show was

watched by 4.5 million people, one million more

than on Monday.

The controversy started after a series of incidents

involving a group of contestants led by Goody,

and including her boyfriend Jack Tweed, Lloyd

and former pop singer Jo O’Meara. At one point

Goody, after an argument with Shetty, had said:

“You need elocution lessons. You need a day in

the slums. Go to those people who look up to you

and be real. You’re a fake.”

Channel 4 released a statement saying that

there had been no overt racism, and claiming

that the arguments were the result of class and

cultural differences. But in India, the row has

united all the major political parties. Communists,

Hindu nationalists and the ruling Congress party

have all demanded action be taken to preserve

Shetty’s dignity. “[Big Brother] is holding a mirror

to British society. This is not a one-off situation.

We should thank Channel 4 for showing us the

hidden prejudices of Britain,” Mahesh Bhatt, a

Bollywood director, told the Guardian.

Dozens of Shetty’s fans protested on the

streets in Patna, eastern India. In Bangalore,

the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon

Brown, had to answer questions from journalists

about a reality show he said he had never

seen. “I understand that in the UK there have

already been 10,000 complaints from viewers




HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT


about remarks which people rightly regard as

offensive,” he said. “I want Britain to be seen as

a country of fairness and tolerance. I condemn

anything that goes against that view.” Tony

Blair’s spokesman later added that racism is not

tolerated in any way in the UK.

In one exchange, Goody said about Shetty: “She

makes me feel sick. She makes my skin crawl,”

while another contestant continually referred to

her as “the Indian”. Later Lloyd claimed that the

Bollywood star “wants to be white” and called

her a “dog”. After Shetty cooked a roast chicken

dinner, Lloyd had said: “They eat with their hands

in India, don’t they. Or is that China?” She added:

“You don’t know where those hands have been.”






HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT


Are these sentences True or False according to the text?

1. This is the first time that Celebrity Big Brother has caused an international incident.

2. People in India are angry because a Bollywood actress appeared on the show.

3. A record number of people have complained to the UK media regulator.

4. The number of people watching the programme has fallen since the controversy started.

5. Channel 4 executives will probably be angry about the controversy.

6. The UK Chancellor of the Exchequer is a fan of the programme.

7. Some of the contestants made fun of Shilpa’s accent.

8. The police are not involved.




Vocabulary 1: Find the word4

Look in the text and find the following:

1. An adjective meaning frightening. (para 3)

2. A verb meaning to try to find the facts about something in order to find the truth. (para 5)

3. A noun meaning an argument or a serious disagreement. (para 5)

4. An adjective meaning extremely pleased. (para 5)

5. A noun meaning a very poor area of a city where the buildings are in a very bad condition. (para 6)

6. A noun meaning the respect that other people have for you. (para 7)

7. An adjective meaning unpleasant or insulting. (para 8)

8. An expression meaning to suddenly feel uncomfortable because you dislike someone very much. (para 9)


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT


Match the verbs in the left-hand column with the nouns in the right-hand column.

1. investigate a. an inquiry

2. cause b. a petition

3. make c. someone’s dignity

4. sign d. action

5. conduct e. an allegation

6. release f. an international incident

7. demand g. a statement

8. preserve h. a complaint



Vocabulary 2: Verb + noun collocations5

Vocabulary 3: Word building6

Complete the table.

verb noun

1. tolerate

2. complain

3. allege

4. condemn

5. behave

6. refer

7. criticise

8. argue

Discussion7

Would you appear on a reality TV programme like Big Brother? Why? Why not?


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT


1 Key words

1. fake

2. petition

3. elocution

4. overt

5. prejudice

6. allegation

7. controversy

8. condemn

9. regulator

10. contestant


1. A reality TV programme

2. Channel 4

3. 20,000

4. 3.5 million

5. 30

6. Gordon Brown


1. T

2. F

3. T

4. F

5. F

6. F

7. T

8. F

4 Vocabulary 1: Find the word

1. scary

2. investigate

3. row

4. delighted

5. slum

6. dignity

7. offensive

8. to make your skin crawl

5 Vocabulary 2: Verb + noun collocations

1. e or h

2. f

3. h or e

4. b

5. a

6. g

7. d

8. c

6 Vocabulary 3: Word building

1. tolerance

2. complaint

3. allegation

4. condemnation

5. behaviour

6. reference

7. criticism

8. argument



KEY

NEWS LESSONS / Car boom leaves Caracas in one big jam / Intermediate•P

HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT


Fill the gaps using these key words from the text:

commuter road rage shoot-out irritable tense

disruption stationary potholed neglect shanty town

1. If a vehicle is ____________, it isn’t moving.

2. A ____________ is a fight in which guns are used.

3. ____________ is a situation in which something cannot continue because of a problem.

4. A ____________ is an area in which poor people live in badly built houses made of wood, metal or other thin

material.

5. ____________ is a situation where drivers behave violently towards other drivers.

6. If a road or street is ____________, it is full of holes.

7. If you ____________ something, you don’t look after it properly and you don’t pay any attention to it.

8. If you are ____________, you become angry or impatient very easily.

9. A ____________ is someone who travels regularly to and from work.

10. If you are ____________, you feel nervous and you cannot relax.

Car boom leaves Caracas in one big jam


Key words1

What do you think?2

The article gives advice on what to do if you are stuck in a traffic-jam. Which three of these six pieces of

advice do you think will be given?

1. read a newspaper

2. close your eyes

3. take deep breaths

4. do a crossword puzzle

5. eat a snack

6. punch someone

Now look in the text and check your answers.


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT


The capital city of Venezuela, Caracas, has

some of the worst traffic jams in the world. The

situation is so bad that psychiatrists have now

begun to give advice to commuters about what

to do when they are in a traffic jam. The advice

includes the following: eat a snack, read a book,

do a crossword, listen to music but don’t punch

or shoot anyone.

The number of car owners in Caracas has

increased dramatically and the result of this has

been blocked motorways and side-streets that

are jammed from early morning until late at night.

Entire districts are paralysed and the situation

is driving some motorists crazy. Doctors say the

stress is causing both physical and mental dam-

age and is leading to more cases of road rage,

including shoot-outs.

People who try to avoid the traffic jams by leav-

ing home at 5 a.m. have been warned that they

may suffer from lack of sleep, which will reduce

productivity, make them irritable and have a

negative effect on their sex lives.

People are feeling more and more anxious and

tense, Robert Lespinasse, the former head of

the Venezuelan Society of Psychiatry, told the

daily newspaper Ultimas Noticias. A psycholo-

gist, Hernan D’Oliveira, said that the disruption in

mental processes was making people less open

to criticism. Armed motorcycle gangs who attack

and rob stationary motorists in broad daylight do

not help the situation.

With no obvious solution, people have been

advised that when they are sitting in a traffic jam

they should have a drink or something to eat and

occupy their minds with music, a book, newspa-

per or crossword.

The rapid increase in vehicle ownership in Ven-

ezuela is the result of huge profits from the sale

of Venezuelan oil. Last year car sales doubled

to 300,000. There are no new roads so the extra

traffic streams into potholed streets that have

been neglected for years.

Caracas lies in a long narrow valley between

skyscrapers and shanty towns. In the hot tropical

sun it can appear to be the site of a battle against

both geography and climate.

The government, with plenty of money from the

sale of oil, has started a programme of build-

ing bridges and metro lines before next month’s

presidential election, but many of these are unfin-

ished, including a bridge connecting Caracas to

the airport, which means that drivers have to take

detours through hillside barrios that can turn the

16-mile trip into a five-hour nightmare.

Everyone agrees that the traffic jams are getting

worse every month. Taxi drivers say their income

has fallen dramatically because they are down

from an average of five to three fares a day. “It’s

impossible. If someone asks to go into especially

heavy traffic I say no because it will take up half

my day,” said Fredy Afanador, a local taxi driver.

President Hugo Chávez has criticised former

infrastructure ministers but has praised the

present minister for doing a good job. He is also

looking abroad for help. In return for cheap fuel

for London buses, the mayor of London, Ken

Livingstone, will share his ideas on congestion

charging and other policies in an attempt to solve

the problem of traffic jams in Caracas.





by Rory Carroll in Caracas


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT





Are these statements True or False according to the text?

1. Traffic jams in Caracas are not as bad as in other parts of the world.

2. The jams are caused by a rapid increase in car ownership.

3. There is no simple solution to the problem.

4. The government has a lot of money from the sale of oil.

5. Taxi drivers are earning more money now.

6. There is a new bridge linking Caracas with the airport.

7. The president has criticised the work of the current infrastructure minister.

8. The mayor of London will try to help solve the traffic problems in Caracas.

Vocabulary Opposites4

Replace the underlined words with their opposites. Check your answers in the text.

1. increase productivity ____________

2. increase slightly ____________

3. gradual increase ____________

4. very small profits ____________

5. getting better ____________

6. light traffic ____________

7. too much sleep ____________

8. a long wide valley ____________

Vocabulary Find the word or expression5

Find these words or expressions.

1. A word meaning a street that is not a main street. (para. 2)

2. Two more words for blocked. (para. 2)

3. An expression meaning in the middle of the day. (para. 4)

4. A verb meaning to increase by 100%. (para. 6)

5. A word meaning a very tall building containing offices or flats. (para. 7)


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT


6. A word meaning a way of going from one place to another that is not the shortest or the usual way. (para. 8)

7. A word meaning a poor district in a city in a Spanish-speaking country. (para. 8)

8. A system of making drivers pay to enter city centres. (para. 10)

Complete the table.

Verb Noun

1. advise ____________

2. warn ____________

3. criticise ____________

4. reduce ____________

5. rob ____________

6. disrupt ____________

7. attack ____________

8. appear ____________

Do you have traffic jams in your town or city? What are the best ways to avoid such jams in the future?



Vocabulary Word building6

Discussion7


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT


KEY

1 Key words

1. stationary

2. shoot-out

3. disruption

4. shanty town

5. road rage

6. potholed

7. neglect

8. irritable

9. commuter

10. tense

2 What do you think?

1; 4; 5


1. F

2. T

3. T

4. T

5. F

6. F

7. F

8. T

4 Vocabulary: Opposites

1. reduce

2. dramatically

3. rapid

4. huge

5. worse

6. heavy

7. a lack of

8. narrow

5 Vocabulary: Find the word or expression

1. side-street

2. jammed / paralysed

3. in broad daylight

4. double

5. skyscraper

6. detour

7. barrio

8. congestion charging

6 Vocabulary: Word building

1. advice

2. warning

3. criticism

4. reduction

5. robbery

6. disruption

7. attack

8. appearance



NEWS LESSONS / Christmas is coming / Intermediate •PH

OTO

COPIA

BLE

•

CAN B

E DOW

NLO

ADED

FROM

WEB


Christmas is coming - all the way from China


1 Key words

Fill the gaps using the key words from the text.

cargo goods cracker capital maiden

decorations exploitation wrapping paper implications

1 A is a decorated paper tube that makes a noise when you pull it apart. It contains a small

toy, a paper hat and a joke inside. It’s used traditionally at Christmas in the UK.

2 In countries which celebrate Christmas, people often put up in their house.

3 is special paper used for wrapping presents.

4 are objects produced for sale.

5 is money or property that you use to start a business or invest.

6 is unfair treatment of someone in order to get benefit for yourself.

7 are possible effects or results

8 are things that are sent by ship, airplane or truck.

9 A voyage or flight is one that is done for the first time.



1 What is the Emma Maersk 3?

2 Where is it from?

3 Where is it going?

4 What is on the Emma Maersk 3?

5 Are people happy about this?

Christmas is coming - all the way from China by John Vidal

Christmas is coming this year on board the biggest ship afloat, on its maiden voyage from China. To the

relief of children, parents and shopkeepers everywhere - but to the despair of European manufacturers

- mountains of crackers, toys and games as well as decorations, wrapping paper, food and every imaginable

gift are on the way to Felixstowe, Suffolk, aboard the Emma Maersk 3.

If anything should happen to this 400m-long, 61 metre-high boat, that is as wide as a motorway and is

powered by the largest diesel engine ever built, then Christmas might have to be cancelled. The 3,000

containers of goods that it will drop off in Britain on its way to mainland Europe contain the largest amount

of Christmas goods ever delivered - a floating world of British desires and necessities. Crackers, poker

tables, bingo sets, drum kits, electronic toys and pre-school building blocks will be delivered in astonishing

quantities: 1,886,000 Christmas decorations are loaded in one container, 40,000 rechargeable batteries and

22,280kg of Vietnam tea in another. In another are 12,800 MP3 players.


OTO

COPIA

BLE

•

CAN B

E DOW

NLO

ADED

FROM

WEB


There are potato mashers and spoons to cook with, leather sofas to recline on, new spectacles to watch

new televisions by, and pyjamas to go to bed in. Pets will be especially happy; 138,000 tins of catfood are on

their way, as are mountains of dogfood. But the ship and its cargo was the subject of an intense row over the

increasing number of imports from China. Caroline Lucas, Green Member of European Parliament (MEP) for

southeast England, said it was a “microcosm of globalisation gone mad”. “All these goods could have been

made in Europe,” said Ms Lucas “Whole sectors of global trade are now being dominated by China. The real

cost of the goods that the Emma Maersk is bringing in should include the environment, the markets destroyed

in developing countries and the millions of jobs lost.” Britain exported more than GBP 2.8bn of goods to China

last year but imported nearly GBP 16bn, a 30-fold increase on 1980. The UK is Europe’s third-biggest trading

partner with China but in global terms represents less than 2% of China’s trade.

The Emma Maersk is carrying about 11,000 containers and is by far the largest container ship ever built.

Yentian port, from which it set off last month, now exports nearly three times that many containers every day.

Last year Ms Lucas led an EU study into trade with China and found its implications terrifying. “These are

the goods that Europe used to make. We are faced with a country that has an almost absolute advantage

in an increasing number of sectors. This a triumph for multinational capital, not for Chinese workers who, as

well as suffering from some of the worst labour exploitation on record, are also losing jobs at a phenomenal

rate,” she said.

The Emma Maersk, the first of a fleet of seven equally large container ships, will soon be on its way back

to China taking back the waste of Christmas. One of Britain’s biggest exports to China is now waste plastic

- which is turned back into soft toys and decorations.

GBP: Great Britain Pounds

bn: billion

© Guardian News & Media Ltd 2006


Choose the correct answer.

1 The Emma Maersk contains 3,000 containers for .

a) China

b) Britain

c) Europe

2 The UK represents of China’s trade with the world.

a) the majority

b) a small part

c) the third-largest part

3 According to Christine Lucas, the Emma Maersk

a) harms the environment

b) creates jobs

c) creates markets in developing countries




OTO

COPIA

BLE

•

CAN B

E DOW

NLO

ADED

FROM

WEB


4 Yentian port exports containers every day.

a) around 11,000

b) around 33,000

c) 2.8 bn

5 The goods on board the Emma Maersk 3 .

a) used to be made in Europe

b) are made in Europe

c) are made in Britain

6 When the Emma Maersk 3 returns to China it will contain .a) decorations

b) soft toys

c) waste plastic from Britain

4 Vocabulary Lexical sets

Put the words and phrases in the box into one of the different categories:

SEA TRAVEL vocabulary: on board,

TRADE vocabulary: trade,

CHRISTMAS vocabulary: toys,

5 Vocabulary Word information

Complete the table.



on board ship trade maiden voyage

manufacturers capital labour decorations

wrapping paper abroad globalisation boat

floating goods cargo port

imports sectors markets fleet

trading partners crackers exports toys afloat

Verb Adjective

float

recharge

develop

terrify

imagine


OTO

COPIA

BLE

•

CAN B

E DOW

NLO

ADED

FROM

WEB


6 Vocabulary Collocations

Make collocations with the words in A and the words in B. Check your answers in the text.

A

1 intense

2 building

3 trading

4 phenomenal

5 rechargeable

6 developing

7 global

7 Discussion

Do you think people consume too much at Christmas?

Is it wrong to import so many goods from China?



B

trade

countries

rate

row

batteries

blocks

partner


OTO

COPIA

BLE

•

CAN B

E DOW

NLO

ADED

FROM

WEB


KEY

1 Key words

1 cracker

2 decorations

3 Wwrapping paper

4 Goods

5 Capital

6 Exploitation

7 Implications

8 cargo

9 maiden


1 A boat

2 China

3 Britain and Europe

4 Christmas gifts, decorations and other goods

5 Not everyone – some think it’s bad for the

environment and the economy


1 b

2 c

3 a

4 b

5 a

6 c

4 Vocabulary: Lexical sets

SEA TRAVEL vocabulary:

on board

ship

maiden voyage

aboard

boat

floating

cargo

port

fleet

afloat

TRADE vocabulary:

manufacturers

goods

globalisation

imports

sectors

markets

trading partners

trade

exports

capital

labour

CHRISTMAS vocabulary:

crackers

toys

games

decorations

wrapping paper

5 Vocabulary: Word formation

VERB ADJECTIVE

float floating

recharge rechargeable

develop developing

terrify terrifying

imagine imaginable

6 Vocabulary: Collocations

1 intense row

2 building blocks

3 trading partner

4 phenomenal rate

5 rechargeable batteries

6 developing countries

7 global trade



Match the words and their definitions.

1. audacious2. collision3. equivalent4. eruption5. monitor (verb) 6. data7. astronomer 8. crater9. solar system 10. orbit

a. the sun and the nine planets b. the moment when a volcano explodes c. someone who studies the stars d. bold, daring e. the same as f. the path a planet or a comet follows as it goes around the sun g. to observe something for a long time h. crashi. facts and figures, information j. the large round hole caused by an explosion


1. How much did this space mission cost? 2. How fast was the spacecraft travelling when it hit the comet? 3. How much did the comet slow down after the collision? 4. How far was the mothership from the collision? 5. How many telescopes on Earth were focused on the comet? 6. How long has Tempel 1 been parked beyond the orbit of the furthest planets?

Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2005 Taken from the Magazine section in www.onestopenglish.com

NASA gladly loses a spacecraft

By Tim Radford

Last week a little American spacecraft crashed into a comet 133m km from Earth, taking a photograph every minute before it was totally destroyed in an explosion that was equivalent to exploding five tonnes of TNT.

The mission cost $335m and involved accurate timing, a speed of 37,000km/h at the point of impact and an amazing series of photographs that ended with a final close-up picture just three seconds before the destruction of the spacecraft. "Right now we are minus one spacecraft," said a delighted NASA engineer, while a colleague at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena said: "There is a comet in the sky wondering what happened." Deep Impact was like an American Independence Day fireworks display. It took many years to plan and ended in a flash.

The spacecraft which crashed into the comet was made of copper and was the size of a washing machine. It was dropped from a mothership into the path of the comet and the mothership then photographed the cloud of ice, dust and organic chemicals that rose from the surface of the comet.

This traffic accident in space completely destroyed the spacecraft but hardly affected the comet: experts believe that the impact would have slowed the comet down by no more than 1/10,000th of a millimetre a second. The aim of the mission was to investigate for the first time the interior of a comet, one of the ghostly visitors that have fascinated human imagination throughout history.

The mothership was 480km from the explosion and observed the impact, and the eruption that followed, with instruments for 800 seconds. Seven satellites, including the Hubble space telescope, monitored the moment of drama, and over the next day and night about 50 telescopes on Earth were focused on the tiny, faraway flare.

The first people to produce pictures in Britain, even ahead of NASA, were pupils from King's school, Canterbury, using data from the 2m Faulkes telescope in Hawaii, an instrument intended for the use of schools. But long

before giant telescopes could begin to analyse the details of the collision in the optical ultraviolet, infra-red and x-ray wavelengths, astronomers and planetary scientists from the US and around the world were enjoying a moment of triumph. For the first time, they had clear and close-up studies of a comet. They could count the impact craters on its surface, they could estimate the density of the comet, and they could estimate the firmness of its surface from the size of the flare after the collision. And the clouds of material coming out of the collision crater, might enable them to see the pure raw material of the whole solar system.

Comets like Halley’s Comet which visit the Earth frequently fly close to the sun and have been weathered and altered by solar radiation. But comets such as Tempel 1 have spent most of the past 4.6bn years parked far beyond the orbit of the furthest planets. Because of their relative isolation, these icy time capsules could hold the secrets of the planets, the Earth's oceans and even of the original organic chemistry from which life developed. "If you are thinking of comets as possible sources of organic material, then you want the organic elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. And we now know enough about comets to know that some of these elements are in the form of organic molecules," said John Zarnecki of the Open University.

For Andrew Coates of the Mullard space science laboratory of University College London, it was one of the most audacious experiments in history. "You have the comet getting bigger and bigger in the field of view, the level of detail on the comet getting better and better," he said. "We know that comets produce jets. What we have now is the first artificial jet from a comet," he added. "The fact that there are craters tells us the surface must be solid in some way. We see a relatively dark surface, probably some organic molecules and silicates, and it is the composition of that mixture which is going to be really exciting."

The Guardian Weekly 15/07/2005, page 19


Are these statements True or False according to the text?

1. Scientists were very disappointed when the spacecraft hit the comet? 2. The aim of the mission was to find evidence of life on comets. 3. Scientists hope the mission will help to solve some of the secrets of the planets. 4. The first pictures of the comet were produced by NASA. 5. This is the first time scientists have had clear, close-up pictures of a comet. 6. Tempel 1 doesn’t orbit near the sun like Halley’s Comet.

Fill the gaps using prepositions. Check your answers in the text.

1. focus _______ 2. intended _______ 3. source _______ 4. equivalent _______ 5. crash _______ 6. ahead _______


Complete the table.

Verb Noun

1. collide

2. explode

3. destroy

4. analyse

5. erupt

6. investigate

7. develop

8. compose

Look at this example from the text: The comet is getting bigger and bigger.Make similar sentences from the prompts.

1. Space research/expensive 2. Scientists/excited 3. The temperature of the Earth/hot 4. The weather/unpredictable 5. Information about comets/detailed 6. Space missions/audacious

Should money be spent on space research or should the money be spent on

projects on Earth?


KEY

1 Key words

1. d; 2. h; 3. e; 4. b; 5. g; 6. I; 7. c; 8. j; 9. a; 10. f


1. $335m 2. 37,000km/h 3. 1/10,000th of a millimetre a second 4. 480km 5. About 50 6. 4.6bn years


1. F; 2. F; 3. T; 4. F; 5. T; 6. T

4 Vocabulary 1 – Collocations

1. on2. for3. of

4. to5. into6. of

5 Vocabulary 2 – Word-building

1. collision2. explosion3. destruction4. analysis

5. eruption6. investigation 7. development 8. composition

6 Grammar Focus – Comparatives with get

1. Space research is getting more and more expensive. 2. Scientists are getting more and more excited. 3. The temperature of the Earth is getting hotter and hotter. 4. The weather is getting more and more unpredictable. 5. Information about comets is getting more and more detailed. 6. Space missions are getting more and more audacious.


NEWS LESSONS / Hellraiser Dennis Hopper dies from cancer / Intermediate•P

HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT


Hellraiser Dennis Hopper dies from cancer


What do you know about the following?

Easy Rider Apocalypse Now Blue Velvet Speed Cool Hand Luke

Warmer1

Key words2

Match the words from the article with the definitions. The paragraph numbers are given to help you.

sober up heart-throb binge frail restraining order hung out era

psychotic villains portrayal flowered bedridden acclaimed brute nomination

1. talked and written about in an admiring way ______________________ (para 1)

2. became more successful and completely developed ______________________ (para 3)

3. a period of time that has a particular quality or character ______________________ (para 3)

4. dangerous and violent characters in stories, plays, films, etc. ______________________ (para 3)

5. a legal document from a judge that stops someone from doing something ______________________ (para 6)

6. unable to get out of bed because you are too weak or ill ______________________ (para 6)

7. to become less drunk ______________________ (para 7)

8. to drink too much (especially in a short period of time) ______________________ (para 7)

9. the way an actor plays the part of a particular person in a film, play, etc. ______________________ (para 8)

10. a strong man who acts in a cruel or violent way ______________________ (para 8)

11. spent time with particular people ______________________ (para 10)

12. a man who is very attractive, especially a young film actor or pop singer ______________________ (para 10)

13. an official suggestion that someone should get an award or a prize ______________________ (para 11)

14. physically weak and not very healthy ______________________ (para 11)


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT





Easy Rider star has died peacefully at his Los

Angeles home after five decades of hard living

Paul Harris in New York

30 May, 2010

Dennis Hopper, the hard-living Hollywood star

with acclaimed roles in films including Apocalypse

Now and Easy Rider, died yesterday of prostate

cancer. He passed away at his home in Venice,

California, at the age of 74.

He was surrounded by his family and friends and

died peacefully at around 9am local time. Hopper

had been taken ill last September with serious flu-

like symptoms. Doctors quickly discovered he had

cancer, which then spread to other parts of his body.

Hopper’s career was one of the most long-lived

in a notoriously difficult industry. It began in the

1950s with a role opposite James Dean in Rebel

Without a Cause, flowered in art films of the

1960s and 1970s, and then transitioned into the

modern era of the blockbuster, as he specialized

in psychotic villains. “Great actor. Great director.

Great American. Terrible loss. God bless the wild

man with the gentle soul. May he rest in peace,”

wrote John Nolte, editor-in-chief of the Big

Hollywood blog. “We all knew this was coming,

but that does not lessen the blow.”

Certainly not every role Hopper took was a great

one. Especially towards the end of his career, he

appeared in many movies that did little to impress

critics or audiences. In his filmography cinematic

failures such as Hell Ride and The Crow: Wicked

Prayer sit alongside true classics including Blue

Velvet, Cool Hand Luke and Speed. But Hopper’s

wild-eyed performances often lifted the quality of

any B-movie, reminding viewers that he was one

of the most watchable of Hollywood stars. “There

are moments that I’ve had some real brilliance,

you know,” he reflected recently. “But I think

they are moments. And sometimes, in a career,

moments are enough.”

With a reputation as a difficult actor to work

with, Hopper had also begun working as a

photographer in the 1960s. That flowered into an

alternative career that included painting and poetry.

His private life was as variable as his professional

one. He married five times and fathered four

children. One of his marriages, to his second

wife, Michelle Phillips, a singer in the group The

Mamas and the Papas, lasted just eight days in

1970. Of the experience, Hopper famously said:

“Seven of those days were pretty good. The

eighth day was the bad one.” His final marriage,

to actress Victoria Duffy, took place in 1996. The

pair were undergoing a bitter divorce when he

died. So bitter, in fact, that a dreadfully ill Hopper

sought a restraining order against his wife even

though he was dying and virtually bedridden.

Hopper’s private life was often full of tales of hard-

drinking and drug-taking. He confessed that he

used cocaine in order to sober himself up so he

could binge on more alcohol. His problems and

lifestyle became the stuff of Hollywood legend –

or nightmare.

But nothing in Hopper’s personal life could

overshadow a handful of truly great screen

performances. In 1969’s Easy Rider, which he

directed, co-wrote and co-starred in, Hopper

explored people’s reactions to the Vietnam war.

The film was a roaring critical success which

paved the way for the New Hollywood of the

1970s and directors such as Martin Scorsese and

Francis Ford Coppola. Then, in Apocalypse Now

Hopper mixed reality and fiction with his portrayal

of a burned-out and insane war photographer.

Finally, Hopper’s portrayal of a sadistic brute,

Frank Booth, in David Lynch’s surreal Blue Velvet

introduced the actor to an entirely new generation

of fans.

He was born in Dodge City, Kansas, in 1936.

After the Second World War, the Hoppers moved

to Kansas City, Missouri, where Hopper went to

Saturday art classes. They moved again, to San

Diego in California where Hopper was better able

to express his interest in the arts.

He hung out with actors and actresses and

eventually won a role playing opposite James

Dean in Rebel Without a Cause. The young heart-

throb, whose life was to be tragically cut short,

left a major impression on Hopper. Aside from

the drug problems, Hopper often refused to take

a director’s advice and instructions and wanted

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT




Use information from the text to fill in the bio-data card for Dennis Hopper.


Fixed expressions4

Put the words (1-7) in the correct order to make fixed expressions from the text. Then match them with the

words and expressions (a-g) which have the same or similar meanings.

name

born

died

nationality

profession

alternative career / hobbies

famous films

awards / recognitions

family

other

1. away he passed

2. peace rest in

3. the blow lessen

4. Hollywood the of legend stuff

5. way the paved for

6. his way go own

7. the a pain in neck

a. do what he wants and not listen to others

b. died

c. to prepare the path, making it easier for those who follow

d. difficult and problematic for others

e. may his soul and body be untroubled

f. the content of film-related stories

g. make the shock any easier to deal with

Now write four sentences about Dennis Hopper using some of the fixed expressions.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Discussion5

As part of a research project, you have been asked to watch and report on one of the films mentioned in

the text. Decide in groups which you would prefer to watch and why.

to go his own way. In one film, Hopper needed 87

film takes to get a simple line right after disagreeing

over how to play a scene. “Much of Hollywood

found Hopper a pain in the neck,” wrote critic-

historian David Thomson.

In the end, Hopper’s career lasted more than

five decades and 100 films – a huge triumph

by anyone’s standards. In March, Hopper, who

received two Oscar nominations, got his own

star on Hollywood’s Walk of Fame. During the

ceremony, a frail-looking Hopper, with a bandage

on his forehead, told an audience of fans and

Hollywood industry figures: “Everything I learned in

my life, I learned from you.”



11


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT




Film star quiz6

Work in two groups. Each group should complete one set of cards with bio-data of eight film stars of your

choice. Do not include the name of the star!

Exchange cards with the other group and try to find out whose bio-data is on the cards. You may ask four

questions per card to gain further clues and information.

born/died

nationality

famous films

awards

family

other

born/died

nationality

famous films

awards

family

other

born/died

nationality

famous films

awards

family

other

born/died

nationality

famous films

awards

family

other

born/died

nationality

famous films

awards

family

other

born/died

nationality

famous films

awards

family

other

born/died

nationality

famous films

awards

family

other

born/died

nationality

famous films

awards

family

other


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT




1 Warmer

They are all acclaimed American films. The connecting

factor is Dennis Hopper who starred in, appeared in,

directed or co-wrote them all.

Teacher’s note:

Dates of film release: Cool Hand Luke (1967); Easy

Rider (1969); Apocalypse Now (1979); Blue Velvet

(1986); Speed (1994)

Additional task:

Ask the students to skim-read the article to find other

film titles. Find out whether any of the students have

seen any of the films mentioned.

2 Key words

1. acclaimed

2. flowered

3. era

4. psychotic villains

5. restraining order

6. bedridden

7. sober up

8. binge

9. portrayal

10. brute

11. hung out

12. heart-throb

13. nomination

14. frail


4 Fixed expressions

1. he passed away b. died

2. rest in peace e. may his soul and body

be untroubled

3. lessen the blow g. make the shock easier

to deal with

4. the stuff of f. the content of film-

Hollywood legend related stories

5. paved the way for c. to prepare the path,

making it easier for

those who follow

6. go his own way a. do what he wants and

not listen to others

7. a pain in the neck d. difficult and problematic

for others

6 Film star quiz

Teacher’s note:

Copy at least one sheet per group, more if necessary.

Information on film stars can be found on the Internet

Movie Database: www.imdb.com

Variations:

1. Students write the name of the star on the back of

the card. The cards can then be used as memory

cards, e.g. What can you remember about (name)?

2. Students can only ask closed questions to obtain

further information.

3. Write bio-data for music/pop/sports stars instead of

film stars.

KEY

name Dennis Hopper

born Dodge City, Kansas, in 1936

died Venice, California, in 2010

nationality American

profession actor, director, scriptwriter

alternative career / hobbies photographer, artist, poet

most famous films Cool Hand Luke, Easy Rider, Apocalypse Now, Blue Velvet, Speed

awards / recognitions two Oscar nominations (but no Oscars), star on Hollywood’s Walk of Fame

family married five times, four children

other ...

NEWS LESSONS / Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists / Intermediate•P

HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT


Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists


If you feel _________________________, you feel sad and without hope. (para 1)1.

If a person or an animal is _________________________, they are not affected by strong emotions, such as 2.excitement, anger, shock or fear. (para 1)

If someone is 3. _________________________, they are worried because they think that something bad might happen. (para 2)

If you _________________________ something, you give up ownership of it. (para 3)4.

Someone who is _________________________ deliberately tries to upset others or cause problems for them. 5.(para 3)

If you have _________________________, you have problems of some kind. (para 3)6.

A _________________________ is a doctor for animals. (para 3)7.

A _________________________ is a particular type of animal that is different from others but not so different 8.that it is another species. (para 4)

A _________________________ is a round container used for eating, serving or preparing food. (para 5) 9.

If something is described as _________________________, it is not clear or it is capable of being understood 10.in more than one way. (para 5)

calm anxious ambiguous vet relinquish

breed gloomy spiteful bowl issues

Key words 1

Fill the gaps in the sentences using these key words from the text.


Find the following information in the text as quickly as possible.

How many pet dogs are there in the UK?1.

How many dogs were studied in the research?2.

How old were the dogs?3.

How long did the researchers play with each dog?4.

How long were the dogs left alone for?5.

What does RSPCA stand for?6.


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT




Dogs are either optimists or

pessimists, claim scientists

Ian Sample

11 October, 2010

Scientists have now confirmed what many pet

owners have long believed: some dogs have

a more gloomy view of life than others. The

unusual picture of canine psychology came from

researchers at Bristol University who studied

how dogs behave when separated from their

owners. Dogs that were generally calm when

left alone were also found to have an optimistic

attitude, while those that barked, relieved

themselves and destroyed furniture seemed to

be more pessimistic, according to the study.

Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and

behaviour at the university, said that if a dog was

anxious when left alone by its owner, it would

be pessimistic in its behaviour. The research

suggests that the problems caused by some

dogs when they are left alone could indicate

deeper emotional problems that could be treated

with behavioural therapy.

“Owners see this kind of anxious behaviour in

dogs in different ways. Some are very worried,

some relinquish the dog to a dog’s home, but

others think the dog is happy or just being

spiteful,” said Mendl. “Some of these dogs may

have emotional issues and owners should talk to

their vets about possible treatments,” he added.

Of the ten million pet dogs in the UK, around

half may show anxiety when left alone, the

researchers said.

Mendl’s team studied 24 animals at two dog

homes in the UK. Half of the dogs were male

and they were various breeds. They were from

nine months to nine years old. Researchers

began the study by going to a room with each

dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes. They

returned the next day, but this time left the

dog alone for five minutes, during which the

scientists recorded the animal’s behaviour with

a video camera. They used the film to give each

dog an anxiety score.

A day or two later, they trained the dogs to walk

to a food bowl that was full when placed at one

end of a room and empty when placed at the

other. When the dogs had learned the difference,

the scientists tested the animals’ mood by

placing bowls in ambiguous positions – in the

middle of the room, for example – and noting

how quickly each dog went to the bowl.

The dogs that had been most anxious in the

earlier test were slowest to approach food bowls

placed in or near the middle of the room. This

suggested that they expected to find the bowl

empty. The less anxious dogs ran to the food

bowls, suggesting that they were more optimistic,

according to a report in Current Biology.

“We know that people’s emotional states affect

their judgements and that happy people are

more likely to react positively in an ambiguous

situation,” Mendl said. “Our study shows that

dog are similar – that an optimistic dog is less

likely to be anxious when left alone than one

with a more pessimistic nature.” Samantha

Gaines, deputy head of the companion

animals department at the Royal Society for

the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, said:

“Some dogs may be more likely to develop

these behaviours and should be re-homed with

appropriate owners.”



1

2

3

4

6

7

5


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT





Are these statements true (T) or false (F) according to the text?

All dogs have a pessimistic view of life.1.

Dogs do not all behave in the same way when they are left alone.2.

Dog owners react in different ways if their dogs are anxious.3.

The researchers recorded the dogs’ behaviour while they were playing with them.4.

The anxious dogs were the quickest to approach the food bowls.5.

Unhappy people are more likely to react negatively in an ambiguous situation.6.

Find the word4

Find the following words and phrases in the text.

an adjective meaning 1. relating to dogs (para 1)

a reflexive verb meaning 2. to pass bodily waste (para 1)

a noun meaning 3. health and happiness (para 2)

a two-word expression meaning 4. treatment designed to improve behaviour (para 2)

an adjective meaning 5. different (para 4)

a two-word expression meaning 6. one after the other (para 4)

a verb meaning 7. to write something down so that you will have a record of it (para 5)

a verb meaning 8. to accommodate with new owners (para 7)

Two-word expressions5

Match the words in the left-hand column with those in the right-hand column to make two-word phrases

from the text.

animal a. therapy1.

emotional b. owner2.

behavioural c. situation3.

food d. welfare4.

pet e. bowl5.

ambiguous f. issues6.


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT




Discussion7

Do you like dogs? Why? Why not?

Word-building6

Complete the table.

noun adjective

1. anxiety

2. emotion

3. ambiguity

4. optimism

5. behaviour

6. spite


HO

TO

CO

PIABLE•

CA

N B

E DO

WN

LOA

DED

FRO

M W

EBSIT




1 Key words

gloomy1.

calm2.

anxious3.

relinquish4.

spiteful5.

issues6.

vet7.

breed8.

bowl9.

ambiguous10.


ten million1.

242.

from nine months to nine years old3.

20 minutes4.

five minutes5.

Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty 6.

to Animals


F1.

T2.

T3.

F4.

F5.

T6.

4 Find the word

canine1.

relieve oneself2.

welfare3.

behavioural therapy4.

various5.

in turn6.

note7.

re-home8.

5 Two-word expressions

d1.

f2.

a3.

e4.

b5.

c6.

5 Word-building

noun adjective

anxiety

emotion

ambiguity

optimism

behaviour

spite

anxious

emotional

ambiguous

optimistic

behavioural

spiteful

KEY


Fill the gaps using these key words from the text:

bureaucracy hijack disastrous nickname incompetent corrupt rescue plan bribe sanctions émigré

1. A ____________ is a plan designed to save a company and change its fortunes.2. An ____________ is a person who leaves their country in order to live somewhere else. 3. A ____________ is money offered to an official to help you by doing something illegal or dishonest. 4. If you ____________ a plane, you take control of it using force. 5. ____________ are official orders to stop trade with a country that has broken international law. 6. ____________ is a complicated system of rules and processes. 7. If something is ____________ , it causes a lot of damage or harm. 8. An ____________ person does not have the ability to do a job correctly. 9. A ____________ person does dishonest or illegal things to earn money. 10. A ____________ is an informal name that is not a real name.

Look in the text and find this information as quickly as possible:

1. What is the name of Afghanistan’s national airline? 2. How many employees does Ariana have? 3. How much money does the manager of Ariana earn each month? 4. When was Ariana founded? 5. When did the US invade Afghanistan? 6. How many flights does Ariana now operate each week?

It’s four o'clock in the afternoon and a hundreds of employees are leaving the headquarters of Ariana, Afghanistan's national airline. In the boardroom, one man stays behind. Dr Muhammad Atash, a man with a kind but worried face, sits in his chair and rubs his eyes. Ariana faces a number of "difficulties", he explains. "Employees steal from the company. They give jobs to members of their family. There’s a lot of bureaucracy. There aren’t many qualified staff and a lot of people prefer not to do any work." But then he pauses. "I believe we are starting to make progress."


Ariana is different from most other airlines for many reasons, all of them bad. Its history is terrible. During Afghanistan's quarter of a century of war, Ariana planes were shut down, shot down or hijacked. No-one chooses to fly Ariana today. It has a disastrous safety record and this means it cannot fly to most European and American airports. It is nicknamed "Scaryana". UN officials and foreign diplomats are not allowed to take Ariana flights. And most of the 1,700 staff are, according to Atash, either extremely incompetent or corrupt.

Is Ariana the world's worst airline? Perhaps not. There are many bad airlines in the developing world. "Ariana is no worse than many others," says David Learmount at Flight International magazine. "If a country has no safety culture, neither does its airline." But Ariana has one advantage over other disaster airlines – it has a rescue plan. Atash, a straight-talking Afghan-American emigre, returned three years ago from the USA where he ran a business. He was given the job of manager at Ariana in June.

It is not a glamorous job. Atash is paid just $100 a month and uses his own mobile phone. But he has a can-do attitude and plans to get rid of hundreds of incompetent staff. It is a difficult task but he is not alone. In comes Hanns Marienfeld, the leader of a six-strong team from Lufthansa hired to help with the rescue plan. He describes the state of Ariana one year ago: "It was not up to international standards," he says. "It had no flight schedule. Customers had to pay a bribe to get a ticket, a second bribe to get a boarding pass and sometimes a third to get their seat in business class. We flew here or there, whenever the pilots felt like it." Initial safety standards were not good. In 2003 and 2004, Ariana's fleet of six planes suffered six major engine failures. "In Germany, our pilots only see that sort of thing in a flight simulator. In Ariana we do it in real life," says Marienfeld.

The early years were very different. Ariana was founded in 1955 and quickly gained a reputation as a small but proud regional carrier. It flew hippies and adventurers from London, Paris and Frankfurt and brought honeymooning couples from neighbouring Pakistan. But in 1973, King Zahir Shah was overthrown and five years later a civil war began. The visitors vanished and Ariana, like the rest of Afghanistan, suffered very badly.

During the 10-year Soviet occupation, when the roads were too dangerous, Ariana became the safest way to travel. But the sense of security was relative. The mujahideen fighters who were fighting the Soviet forces were armed with American anti-aircraft missiles. So Ariana pilots had to learn how to avoid the missiles while taking off and landing. Some staff could take no more. On a flight to Kandahar in 1989, a fight broke out between the pilot and the co-pilot. The pilot wanted to fly the plane to Iran. The co-pilot did not want to go. As they fought for the controls, the plane fell out of the sky, crashing into the desert near the Iranian border. All six people on board died.


After the Soviet departure the airline went from bad to worse. When the Taliban took control of Kabul a year later, they brought their 7th century ideas to Ariana's 20th-century business. They sent the stewardesses home, banned inflight music and gave the job of director to a 26-year-old religious fanatic.

The UN imposed an international flight ban on the airline as part of UN sanctions against the Taliban. The company's reputation for disaster got bigger as its fleet of ageing aircraft got smaller. The former prime minister died in a 1997 crash; two accidents in 1998 killed about 100 people. In 2000, a flight from Kabul to Mazar-i-Sharif was hijacked to Stansted airport in the UK.

In 2001, the US led an international invasion of Afghanistan. This should have saved Ariana but instead it almost destroyed the company. US planes bombed the Ariana fleet, destroying six of its eight planes. The Taliban took $500,000 in company cash and ran.

Now a process of change has begun. The number of flights has increased from 10 to 15 a week. Ariana management says 85% of flights are on time. Ariana made a modest $1m profit last year. At Kabul airport the mechanics have new tools and new pilots are being trained. The old Kabul office will close soon and a modern sales centre, complete with young, enthusiastic staff and computerised booking, will open soon.

Meanwhile Atash plans to ask half his 1,700 staff to stay at home but continue their pay. "We are building the system with completely new people. We cannot mix them with the corrupt old ones," says Atash. Success is not guaranteed, however, and there is now a battle for control of the company. "We're going to fight all the way," Atash promises. "Because the other option is to sit here and do nothing. And that's not an option - either for Ariana or for Afghanistan."

Choose the best answer to each question:

1. Most of the current staff at Ariana are: a. hard-working b. lazy and corrupt c. new


2. The situation at Ariana is: a. getting worse b. getting better

c. dangerous

3. Ariana is banned from most European and US airports because of: a. its safety record b. its pilots c. UN sanctions

4. The flight to Kandahar in 1989 crashed because of: a. engine failure b. an American missile c. a fight between the pilot and co-pilot

Match the words in the left-hand column with those in the right hand column to make phrases from the text:

1. safety a. failure 2. flight b. centre 3. rescue c. standard 4. boarding d. plan 5. engine e. schedule 6. flight f. pass 7. sales g. class 8. business h. simulator

Complete the table:

Adjective Noun 1. safe ___________ 2. disastrous ___________ 3. different ___________ 4. corrupt ___________ 5. incompetent ___________ 6. proud ___________ 7. enthusiastic ___________ 8. successful ___________


Fill the gaps using an appropriate preposition. Check your answers in the text.

1. different _______ 2. advantage _______ 3. get rid _______ 4. fall _______ the sky 5. _______ bad _______ worse 6. a process _______ change 7. increase _______ 10 _______ 15 8. 85% of flights are _______ time

Would you travel with this airline? Why? Why not?


KEY

1 Key Words

1. rescue plan 2. emigre 3. bribe4. hijack 5. sanctions 6. bureaucracy 7. disastrous 8. incompetent 9. corrupt 10. nickname

2 Find the Information

1. Ariana 2. 1,700 3. $100 4. 1955 5. 2001 6. 15

1. b; 2. b; 3. a; 4. c

4 Vocabulary 1 Noun + Noun Collocations

1. c; 2. e (h); 3. d; 4. f; 5. a; 6. h (e); 7. b; 8. g

5 Vocabulary 2 Word Building

1. safety 2. disaster 3. difference 4. corruption 5. incompetence 6. pride 7. enthusiasm 8. success



1. from 2. over 3. of 4. out of 5. from; to 6. of 7. from; to 8. on

level 2 intermediate - unical · no one says a word. they are anxious, lost in their memories and...

Documents