levels of cellular organization atom molecule organelle cell tissue organ organ system organism
TRANSCRIPT
Levels of cellular organization
Atom MoleculeOrganelleCellTissueOrganOrgan SystemOrganism
Cells
Prokaryotic
Bacteria
Eukaryotic
Animal Plant
Division of Cells
Eukaryotic Cells Literally means “True nucleus”
Have a ________ _______ Cells Have membrane-bound __________ Organisms made of eukaryotic cells are called
“________”Examples: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Unicellular organisms like paramecium and amoeba
Cellular Components
Cytoplasm ___-_____ substance ______ the cell
where organelles are foundCytoskeleton
“Cell skeleton” Network of _______ fibers that
maintain the ______ and structure of cell
Composed of three networks of fibers1. Microtubules: _______; hollow tubes
made of protein; determine cell shape; scaffolding
2. ______________ Filaments: Provide strength of cell
3. Actin Filaments: ________; contractile string-like proteins that allow for cell ________
Cellular Components
Cell Membrane ______-permeable barrier that
_________ the cell Regulates what _____ and ______
the cell Provides protection Found in ____ types of cells
Cell Wall Porous, ______ barrier found
_________ the ____ ________ Adds additional layer of support
and protection _____ found in _______ cells
Organelles
Nucleus Houses the ______ material
(DNA) needed for replication of the cell
“______ Center” of the cell Contains the instructions
for the creation of proteins (made from DNA)
Exterior: Surrounded by nuclear envelope: double-layered ________ that encloses the DNA; contains nuclear pores: small ________ that allow for the passage of molecules between the _________ and the _______
Interior: DNA in the form of ___________ (string-like)• Nucleolus: where ribosomes are made; very _______ region
Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum A grouping of sac-like
structures _____ types of ER:
______ ER: contain ribosomes (creating ‘rough’ appearance); involved in the process of _______ synthesis
______ ER: no ribosomes; involved in ______ synthesis
Ribosomes Location where _______ are
made (protein synthesis)
Organelles
Golgi Apparatus Looks like a stack of membranes (pancake-like
appearance) Modifies, ____, and _______proteins received from the
ER. Break off from the golgi apparatus; float ________ in the
cell or travel to _______________where it will eventually___the cell.
Creation of _____________
Organelles
Lysosomes Contain _______ necessary for_______ of cell food or
waste Can break down lipids, carbs, proteins Digest non-functional organelles, ‘_______ ___’ the cell
Organelles
Vacuoles Sac-like structure responsible for _______ of various
materials (e.g. water, carbs, proteins, etc.)
Organelles
Mitochondria The “___________” of the cell Convert _____ energy into energy that is used by the
_____ itself (for growth, development, movement, etc.) via cellular respiration ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
_________ structure
Organelles
Chloroplast Site of _____________
Energy from ____ is captured and converted into chemical energy
Contain the pigment ________ which absorbs solar energy used in photosynthesis Responsible for the ______
color of plants
Organelles
Centrioles Made of ______________ Located ______ nucleus ___________ microtubules within the cytoskeleton prior
to cell division