Lexical Functional Grammar

School of Linguistics

Group 4Class 4 B

• Fira Nursya’bani 0906856• Luciyana Dwiningrum 0902428• Meyza Pritama 0902467• Riestia Handayani 0902434

FIGURES

Joan Wanda Bresnan

• Born on August 22, 1945

• Professor of Linguistics at Standford UniversityStandford University

• Ronald Kaplan’s Ronald Kaplan’s partner

Ronald M. Kaplan• Chief Scientist and a

Principal Researcher at the PowersetPowerset division of Microsoft BingMicrosoft Bing

• Consulting Professor Consulting Professor in the Linguistics DepartmentLinguistics Department at Stanford University Stanford University and a Principal of Stanford's Principal of Stanford's Center for the Study of Center for the Study of Language and Information Language and Information (CSLI)(CSLI)

• Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) was first developed in the 1970’s by Joan Bresnan and Ron Kaplan.

• They wanted to create a theory that could form the basis of a realistic model for linguistic learnability and language processing.

• Since LFG was found, the theory has been applied to some new areas, such as morphology, syntax and semantics theories.

LFG has 3 kinds of analyzing sentence:

• Lexical Structure

• Constituent Structure (C - Structure)

• Functional Structure (F – Structure)

Lexical Structure

The lexical entry includes information

about the meaning of the lexical item, its

argument structure, and the grammatical functions (e.g., subject, object, etc.) that are associated with those arguments.e.g.I hit you

The way to analyze sentence in lexical structure by labelling grammatical function.

Grammatical functions are universal primitives within this framework, and since they are associated both with lexical items and with syntactic positions they mediate between lexical and constituent structure representations.

Constituent Structure

C-Structure encodes linear order, hierarchical groupings, and syntactic categories of constituents.

Notation of C-Structure identifies the grammatical functions that may occur in specific syntactic positions.

Functional Structure

• Structural and lexical information is integrated and unified within functional structure (F-structure).

• When the lexical items that occupy the terminal nodes of the tree are inserted into f-structure, the information contained in the lexical entry is retrieved and included in the f-structure.

• It is in this way that lexical information is combined with the structural information available from the c-structure tree.

Mary Loves JamesMary Loves James

SUB PRED ‘MaryNUM -PLGEND +FEMPERS3rd

PRED ‘love’ (SUB) (OBJ)TENSE -PAST

OBJ PRED ‘John’NUM -PLGEND -FEMPERS3rd