lezione subito si entra in aula 'virtuale’ trovate l’icona ... · dietitian nutritionist...
TRANSCRIPT
PROCEDURA DA SEGUIRE ALLINIZIO DI OGNI
LEZIONE SUBITO SI ENTRA IN AULA VIRTUALErsquo
Trovate lrsquoicona del microfono dello studente della
studentessa cliccate sulla freccia e attivate i vostri
microfoni Poi subito dopo regolate il volume
portandolo a zero (per evitare il problema dei rumori di
fondo di molti partecipanti)
Chi egrave stato chiesto dal docente di parlare o chi vuole
chiedere o dire qualcosa puograve cliccare sullrsquoicona dello
studente con la mano alzata
LAUREA MAGISTRALE SCIENZE DEGLI ALIMENTI E
DELLA NUTRIZIONE (LM 61)
II SEMESTRE AA 2019-2020
ABILITAgrave LINGUISTICHE 1deg ANNO
Geoffrey Gray
Lezione ndeg 8 1 aprile 2020
LESSON 8
TODAY
bull SAN Diabetes
bull Future time
bull Modality (can must may might need to etc)
DIABETES 212
SAN use English-language websites to define the
difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2
diabetes and the kind of diet you should follow
DIABETES 212
The most common endocrine disease worldwide
is diabetes mellitus
Type 1 diabetes the body especially the
pancreas doesnrsquot produce enough insulin
Type 2 diabetes the body makes insulin but the
insulin doesnrsquot do what it is supposed to do
You need a diet that helps you control the
amounts of carbohydrate in your body This will
reduce the amount of glucose in the bloodstream
Helpful information about diabetes
httpwwwdiabetesorg
httpwwwdiabetesorg
The path to understanding diabetes starts here
No matter where you are in your fight herersquos where you
need to be
Whether yoursquove been newly diagnosed have been
fighting against type 1 or type 2 diabetes for a while or
are helping a loved one yoursquove come to the right place
This is the start of gaining a deeper understanding of how
you can live a healthier lifemdashwith all the tools health
tips and food ideas you need Wherever yoursquore at with
this disease know that you have options and that you
donrsquot have to be held back You can still live your best
life All you have to do is take action and stick with it
httpwwwdiabetesorgEating doesnrsquot have to be boring
Itrsquos all about finding the right balance that works for you
When yoursquore managing diabetes your eating plan is a powerful
tool But figuring out what to eat can feel like a hassle right Well
it doesnt have to because there are easy things you can do to add
flavor to your daily routinemdashincluding healthy twists on your
favorite foods
The one key to feeling your best lies in the food you eatmdashso dont
give up You can start by working with a dietitian or registered
dietitian nutritionist (RDN) to make an eating plan that works for
you Be sure to include foods you like and donrsquot be afraid to try
something new
Most importantly remember that eating wellmdashand adding activity
to your daily routine (moving more)mdashare important ways you can
manage diabetes And wersquore here to help you every step of the way
httpwwwdiabetesorgThere is no ldquodiabetes dietrdquo Really Talk to your doctor and get a
referral to a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) who can help
you figure out what eating plan makes the most sense for you and
your treatment goals
You have choicesmdashlots Many different eating patterns can help
you manage your diabetesmdashfrom Mediterranean to low-
carbohydrate to vegetarian Whatever you choose be sure to
include lots of non-starchy vegetables minimize added sugars and
refined grains and choose whole minimally processed foods
Macronutrients may vary We wish we could tell you the perfect
percentage of calories from carbs protein and fat that you need
but the truth is the percentages can and should be individualized
httpwwwdiabetesorg
Carbs are not one-size-fits-all While there is growing
evidence to show that low-carbohydrate eating patterns
can benefit people with diabetes and prediabetes there is
no one definition for ldquolow carbrdquo For some following an
eating pattern lower in carbs (26ndash45 of total calories
from carbohydrate) showed better blood sugars and a
reduction in diabetes medications among other benefits
Work closely with your doctor and RDN if you choose a
lower carb approach to minimize risks (such as
hypoglycemia) and maximize success
THE FUTURE the chart pp186-87 192-93 162-185bull PRESENT PROGRESSIVE future events already
programmed
Wersquore having lunch with Richard and Julie tomorrow
bull ldquoGOING TOrdquo FUTURE
(i) INTENTIONS Matteo is not going to retire from politics
He says he is going to return stronger than before
(ii)CONFIDENT PREDICTIONS A tennis match between
Venus Williams and your English teacher Venus Williams
is going to win 6-0 6-0
bull WILL ndash predictions often preceded by ldquoI thinkrdquo ldquoI hoperdquo
etc
Who do you think will the elections
I hope Irsquoll pass the exam
You know someone who has diabetes What advice are
you going to give him her
If you
bull are obese you will have problems because you are
probably going to (predict)hellip
bull are suffering from stress you will have problems
because you are probably going to hellip
bull are doing little physical exercise you will have
problems hellip
bull are eating lots of sugar you will hellip
bull have a history of developing diabetes in your family
you will hellip
bull are eating an unhealthy diet you willhellip
Believe it or not you can treat prevent and even reverse
the damage done by diabetes by having a healthy diet
Tell the patient laquoyou are going to have to control blood
glucose levels by reducing the amount of simple
carbohydratres that you eatraquo How are you going to make
the patient do this
What is going to be the main part of his her diet Breads
and cereals Whole-wheat pasta Milk cheese and
yoghurt Meat fish and eggs Beans and legumes Nuts
olives and olive oil Vegetables
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
LAUREA MAGISTRALE SCIENZE DEGLI ALIMENTI E
DELLA NUTRIZIONE (LM 61)
II SEMESTRE AA 2019-2020
ABILITAgrave LINGUISTICHE 1deg ANNO
Geoffrey Gray
Lezione ndeg 8 1 aprile 2020
LESSON 8
TODAY
bull SAN Diabetes
bull Future time
bull Modality (can must may might need to etc)
DIABETES 212
SAN use English-language websites to define the
difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2
diabetes and the kind of diet you should follow
DIABETES 212
The most common endocrine disease worldwide
is diabetes mellitus
Type 1 diabetes the body especially the
pancreas doesnrsquot produce enough insulin
Type 2 diabetes the body makes insulin but the
insulin doesnrsquot do what it is supposed to do
You need a diet that helps you control the
amounts of carbohydrate in your body This will
reduce the amount of glucose in the bloodstream
Helpful information about diabetes
httpwwwdiabetesorg
httpwwwdiabetesorg
The path to understanding diabetes starts here
No matter where you are in your fight herersquos where you
need to be
Whether yoursquove been newly diagnosed have been
fighting against type 1 or type 2 diabetes for a while or
are helping a loved one yoursquove come to the right place
This is the start of gaining a deeper understanding of how
you can live a healthier lifemdashwith all the tools health
tips and food ideas you need Wherever yoursquore at with
this disease know that you have options and that you
donrsquot have to be held back You can still live your best
life All you have to do is take action and stick with it
httpwwwdiabetesorgEating doesnrsquot have to be boring
Itrsquos all about finding the right balance that works for you
When yoursquore managing diabetes your eating plan is a powerful
tool But figuring out what to eat can feel like a hassle right Well
it doesnt have to because there are easy things you can do to add
flavor to your daily routinemdashincluding healthy twists on your
favorite foods
The one key to feeling your best lies in the food you eatmdashso dont
give up You can start by working with a dietitian or registered
dietitian nutritionist (RDN) to make an eating plan that works for
you Be sure to include foods you like and donrsquot be afraid to try
something new
Most importantly remember that eating wellmdashand adding activity
to your daily routine (moving more)mdashare important ways you can
manage diabetes And wersquore here to help you every step of the way
httpwwwdiabetesorgThere is no ldquodiabetes dietrdquo Really Talk to your doctor and get a
referral to a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) who can help
you figure out what eating plan makes the most sense for you and
your treatment goals
You have choicesmdashlots Many different eating patterns can help
you manage your diabetesmdashfrom Mediterranean to low-
carbohydrate to vegetarian Whatever you choose be sure to
include lots of non-starchy vegetables minimize added sugars and
refined grains and choose whole minimally processed foods
Macronutrients may vary We wish we could tell you the perfect
percentage of calories from carbs protein and fat that you need
but the truth is the percentages can and should be individualized
httpwwwdiabetesorg
Carbs are not one-size-fits-all While there is growing
evidence to show that low-carbohydrate eating patterns
can benefit people with diabetes and prediabetes there is
no one definition for ldquolow carbrdquo For some following an
eating pattern lower in carbs (26ndash45 of total calories
from carbohydrate) showed better blood sugars and a
reduction in diabetes medications among other benefits
Work closely with your doctor and RDN if you choose a
lower carb approach to minimize risks (such as
hypoglycemia) and maximize success
THE FUTURE the chart pp186-87 192-93 162-185bull PRESENT PROGRESSIVE future events already
programmed
Wersquore having lunch with Richard and Julie tomorrow
bull ldquoGOING TOrdquo FUTURE
(i) INTENTIONS Matteo is not going to retire from politics
He says he is going to return stronger than before
(ii)CONFIDENT PREDICTIONS A tennis match between
Venus Williams and your English teacher Venus Williams
is going to win 6-0 6-0
bull WILL ndash predictions often preceded by ldquoI thinkrdquo ldquoI hoperdquo
etc
Who do you think will the elections
I hope Irsquoll pass the exam
You know someone who has diabetes What advice are
you going to give him her
If you
bull are obese you will have problems because you are
probably going to (predict)hellip
bull are suffering from stress you will have problems
because you are probably going to hellip
bull are doing little physical exercise you will have
problems hellip
bull are eating lots of sugar you will hellip
bull have a history of developing diabetes in your family
you will hellip
bull are eating an unhealthy diet you willhellip
Believe it or not you can treat prevent and even reverse
the damage done by diabetes by having a healthy diet
Tell the patient laquoyou are going to have to control blood
glucose levels by reducing the amount of simple
carbohydratres that you eatraquo How are you going to make
the patient do this
What is going to be the main part of his her diet Breads
and cereals Whole-wheat pasta Milk cheese and
yoghurt Meat fish and eggs Beans and legumes Nuts
olives and olive oil Vegetables
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
LESSON 8
TODAY
bull SAN Diabetes
bull Future time
bull Modality (can must may might need to etc)
DIABETES 212
SAN use English-language websites to define the
difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2
diabetes and the kind of diet you should follow
DIABETES 212
The most common endocrine disease worldwide
is diabetes mellitus
Type 1 diabetes the body especially the
pancreas doesnrsquot produce enough insulin
Type 2 diabetes the body makes insulin but the
insulin doesnrsquot do what it is supposed to do
You need a diet that helps you control the
amounts of carbohydrate in your body This will
reduce the amount of glucose in the bloodstream
Helpful information about diabetes
httpwwwdiabetesorg
httpwwwdiabetesorg
The path to understanding diabetes starts here
No matter where you are in your fight herersquos where you
need to be
Whether yoursquove been newly diagnosed have been
fighting against type 1 or type 2 diabetes for a while or
are helping a loved one yoursquove come to the right place
This is the start of gaining a deeper understanding of how
you can live a healthier lifemdashwith all the tools health
tips and food ideas you need Wherever yoursquore at with
this disease know that you have options and that you
donrsquot have to be held back You can still live your best
life All you have to do is take action and stick with it
httpwwwdiabetesorgEating doesnrsquot have to be boring
Itrsquos all about finding the right balance that works for you
When yoursquore managing diabetes your eating plan is a powerful
tool But figuring out what to eat can feel like a hassle right Well
it doesnt have to because there are easy things you can do to add
flavor to your daily routinemdashincluding healthy twists on your
favorite foods
The one key to feeling your best lies in the food you eatmdashso dont
give up You can start by working with a dietitian or registered
dietitian nutritionist (RDN) to make an eating plan that works for
you Be sure to include foods you like and donrsquot be afraid to try
something new
Most importantly remember that eating wellmdashand adding activity
to your daily routine (moving more)mdashare important ways you can
manage diabetes And wersquore here to help you every step of the way
httpwwwdiabetesorgThere is no ldquodiabetes dietrdquo Really Talk to your doctor and get a
referral to a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) who can help
you figure out what eating plan makes the most sense for you and
your treatment goals
You have choicesmdashlots Many different eating patterns can help
you manage your diabetesmdashfrom Mediterranean to low-
carbohydrate to vegetarian Whatever you choose be sure to
include lots of non-starchy vegetables minimize added sugars and
refined grains and choose whole minimally processed foods
Macronutrients may vary We wish we could tell you the perfect
percentage of calories from carbs protein and fat that you need
but the truth is the percentages can and should be individualized
httpwwwdiabetesorg
Carbs are not one-size-fits-all While there is growing
evidence to show that low-carbohydrate eating patterns
can benefit people with diabetes and prediabetes there is
no one definition for ldquolow carbrdquo For some following an
eating pattern lower in carbs (26ndash45 of total calories
from carbohydrate) showed better blood sugars and a
reduction in diabetes medications among other benefits
Work closely with your doctor and RDN if you choose a
lower carb approach to minimize risks (such as
hypoglycemia) and maximize success
THE FUTURE the chart pp186-87 192-93 162-185bull PRESENT PROGRESSIVE future events already
programmed
Wersquore having lunch with Richard and Julie tomorrow
bull ldquoGOING TOrdquo FUTURE
(i) INTENTIONS Matteo is not going to retire from politics
He says he is going to return stronger than before
(ii)CONFIDENT PREDICTIONS A tennis match between
Venus Williams and your English teacher Venus Williams
is going to win 6-0 6-0
bull WILL ndash predictions often preceded by ldquoI thinkrdquo ldquoI hoperdquo
etc
Who do you think will the elections
I hope Irsquoll pass the exam
You know someone who has diabetes What advice are
you going to give him her
If you
bull are obese you will have problems because you are
probably going to (predict)hellip
bull are suffering from stress you will have problems
because you are probably going to hellip
bull are doing little physical exercise you will have
problems hellip
bull are eating lots of sugar you will hellip
bull have a history of developing diabetes in your family
you will hellip
bull are eating an unhealthy diet you willhellip
Believe it or not you can treat prevent and even reverse
the damage done by diabetes by having a healthy diet
Tell the patient laquoyou are going to have to control blood
glucose levels by reducing the amount of simple
carbohydratres that you eatraquo How are you going to make
the patient do this
What is going to be the main part of his her diet Breads
and cereals Whole-wheat pasta Milk cheese and
yoghurt Meat fish and eggs Beans and legumes Nuts
olives and olive oil Vegetables
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
DIABETES 212
SAN use English-language websites to define the
difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2
diabetes and the kind of diet you should follow
DIABETES 212
The most common endocrine disease worldwide
is diabetes mellitus
Type 1 diabetes the body especially the
pancreas doesnrsquot produce enough insulin
Type 2 diabetes the body makes insulin but the
insulin doesnrsquot do what it is supposed to do
You need a diet that helps you control the
amounts of carbohydrate in your body This will
reduce the amount of glucose in the bloodstream
Helpful information about diabetes
httpwwwdiabetesorg
httpwwwdiabetesorg
The path to understanding diabetes starts here
No matter where you are in your fight herersquos where you
need to be
Whether yoursquove been newly diagnosed have been
fighting against type 1 or type 2 diabetes for a while or
are helping a loved one yoursquove come to the right place
This is the start of gaining a deeper understanding of how
you can live a healthier lifemdashwith all the tools health
tips and food ideas you need Wherever yoursquore at with
this disease know that you have options and that you
donrsquot have to be held back You can still live your best
life All you have to do is take action and stick with it
httpwwwdiabetesorgEating doesnrsquot have to be boring
Itrsquos all about finding the right balance that works for you
When yoursquore managing diabetes your eating plan is a powerful
tool But figuring out what to eat can feel like a hassle right Well
it doesnt have to because there are easy things you can do to add
flavor to your daily routinemdashincluding healthy twists on your
favorite foods
The one key to feeling your best lies in the food you eatmdashso dont
give up You can start by working with a dietitian or registered
dietitian nutritionist (RDN) to make an eating plan that works for
you Be sure to include foods you like and donrsquot be afraid to try
something new
Most importantly remember that eating wellmdashand adding activity
to your daily routine (moving more)mdashare important ways you can
manage diabetes And wersquore here to help you every step of the way
httpwwwdiabetesorgThere is no ldquodiabetes dietrdquo Really Talk to your doctor and get a
referral to a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) who can help
you figure out what eating plan makes the most sense for you and
your treatment goals
You have choicesmdashlots Many different eating patterns can help
you manage your diabetesmdashfrom Mediterranean to low-
carbohydrate to vegetarian Whatever you choose be sure to
include lots of non-starchy vegetables minimize added sugars and
refined grains and choose whole minimally processed foods
Macronutrients may vary We wish we could tell you the perfect
percentage of calories from carbs protein and fat that you need
but the truth is the percentages can and should be individualized
httpwwwdiabetesorg
Carbs are not one-size-fits-all While there is growing
evidence to show that low-carbohydrate eating patterns
can benefit people with diabetes and prediabetes there is
no one definition for ldquolow carbrdquo For some following an
eating pattern lower in carbs (26ndash45 of total calories
from carbohydrate) showed better blood sugars and a
reduction in diabetes medications among other benefits
Work closely with your doctor and RDN if you choose a
lower carb approach to minimize risks (such as
hypoglycemia) and maximize success
THE FUTURE the chart pp186-87 192-93 162-185bull PRESENT PROGRESSIVE future events already
programmed
Wersquore having lunch with Richard and Julie tomorrow
bull ldquoGOING TOrdquo FUTURE
(i) INTENTIONS Matteo is not going to retire from politics
He says he is going to return stronger than before
(ii)CONFIDENT PREDICTIONS A tennis match between
Venus Williams and your English teacher Venus Williams
is going to win 6-0 6-0
bull WILL ndash predictions often preceded by ldquoI thinkrdquo ldquoI hoperdquo
etc
Who do you think will the elections
I hope Irsquoll pass the exam
You know someone who has diabetes What advice are
you going to give him her
If you
bull are obese you will have problems because you are
probably going to (predict)hellip
bull are suffering from stress you will have problems
because you are probably going to hellip
bull are doing little physical exercise you will have
problems hellip
bull are eating lots of sugar you will hellip
bull have a history of developing diabetes in your family
you will hellip
bull are eating an unhealthy diet you willhellip
Believe it or not you can treat prevent and even reverse
the damage done by diabetes by having a healthy diet
Tell the patient laquoyou are going to have to control blood
glucose levels by reducing the amount of simple
carbohydratres that you eatraquo How are you going to make
the patient do this
What is going to be the main part of his her diet Breads
and cereals Whole-wheat pasta Milk cheese and
yoghurt Meat fish and eggs Beans and legumes Nuts
olives and olive oil Vegetables
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
DIABETES 212
The most common endocrine disease worldwide
is diabetes mellitus
Type 1 diabetes the body especially the
pancreas doesnrsquot produce enough insulin
Type 2 diabetes the body makes insulin but the
insulin doesnrsquot do what it is supposed to do
You need a diet that helps you control the
amounts of carbohydrate in your body This will
reduce the amount of glucose in the bloodstream
Helpful information about diabetes
httpwwwdiabetesorg
httpwwwdiabetesorg
The path to understanding diabetes starts here
No matter where you are in your fight herersquos where you
need to be
Whether yoursquove been newly diagnosed have been
fighting against type 1 or type 2 diabetes for a while or
are helping a loved one yoursquove come to the right place
This is the start of gaining a deeper understanding of how
you can live a healthier lifemdashwith all the tools health
tips and food ideas you need Wherever yoursquore at with
this disease know that you have options and that you
donrsquot have to be held back You can still live your best
life All you have to do is take action and stick with it
httpwwwdiabetesorgEating doesnrsquot have to be boring
Itrsquos all about finding the right balance that works for you
When yoursquore managing diabetes your eating plan is a powerful
tool But figuring out what to eat can feel like a hassle right Well
it doesnt have to because there are easy things you can do to add
flavor to your daily routinemdashincluding healthy twists on your
favorite foods
The one key to feeling your best lies in the food you eatmdashso dont
give up You can start by working with a dietitian or registered
dietitian nutritionist (RDN) to make an eating plan that works for
you Be sure to include foods you like and donrsquot be afraid to try
something new
Most importantly remember that eating wellmdashand adding activity
to your daily routine (moving more)mdashare important ways you can
manage diabetes And wersquore here to help you every step of the way
httpwwwdiabetesorgThere is no ldquodiabetes dietrdquo Really Talk to your doctor and get a
referral to a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) who can help
you figure out what eating plan makes the most sense for you and
your treatment goals
You have choicesmdashlots Many different eating patterns can help
you manage your diabetesmdashfrom Mediterranean to low-
carbohydrate to vegetarian Whatever you choose be sure to
include lots of non-starchy vegetables minimize added sugars and
refined grains and choose whole minimally processed foods
Macronutrients may vary We wish we could tell you the perfect
percentage of calories from carbs protein and fat that you need
but the truth is the percentages can and should be individualized
httpwwwdiabetesorg
Carbs are not one-size-fits-all While there is growing
evidence to show that low-carbohydrate eating patterns
can benefit people with diabetes and prediabetes there is
no one definition for ldquolow carbrdquo For some following an
eating pattern lower in carbs (26ndash45 of total calories
from carbohydrate) showed better blood sugars and a
reduction in diabetes medications among other benefits
Work closely with your doctor and RDN if you choose a
lower carb approach to minimize risks (such as
hypoglycemia) and maximize success
THE FUTURE the chart pp186-87 192-93 162-185bull PRESENT PROGRESSIVE future events already
programmed
Wersquore having lunch with Richard and Julie tomorrow
bull ldquoGOING TOrdquo FUTURE
(i) INTENTIONS Matteo is not going to retire from politics
He says he is going to return stronger than before
(ii)CONFIDENT PREDICTIONS A tennis match between
Venus Williams and your English teacher Venus Williams
is going to win 6-0 6-0
bull WILL ndash predictions often preceded by ldquoI thinkrdquo ldquoI hoperdquo
etc
Who do you think will the elections
I hope Irsquoll pass the exam
You know someone who has diabetes What advice are
you going to give him her
If you
bull are obese you will have problems because you are
probably going to (predict)hellip
bull are suffering from stress you will have problems
because you are probably going to hellip
bull are doing little physical exercise you will have
problems hellip
bull are eating lots of sugar you will hellip
bull have a history of developing diabetes in your family
you will hellip
bull are eating an unhealthy diet you willhellip
Believe it or not you can treat prevent and even reverse
the damage done by diabetes by having a healthy diet
Tell the patient laquoyou are going to have to control blood
glucose levels by reducing the amount of simple
carbohydratres that you eatraquo How are you going to make
the patient do this
What is going to be the main part of his her diet Breads
and cereals Whole-wheat pasta Milk cheese and
yoghurt Meat fish and eggs Beans and legumes Nuts
olives and olive oil Vegetables
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
Helpful information about diabetes
httpwwwdiabetesorg
httpwwwdiabetesorg
The path to understanding diabetes starts here
No matter where you are in your fight herersquos where you
need to be
Whether yoursquove been newly diagnosed have been
fighting against type 1 or type 2 diabetes for a while or
are helping a loved one yoursquove come to the right place
This is the start of gaining a deeper understanding of how
you can live a healthier lifemdashwith all the tools health
tips and food ideas you need Wherever yoursquore at with
this disease know that you have options and that you
donrsquot have to be held back You can still live your best
life All you have to do is take action and stick with it
httpwwwdiabetesorgEating doesnrsquot have to be boring
Itrsquos all about finding the right balance that works for you
When yoursquore managing diabetes your eating plan is a powerful
tool But figuring out what to eat can feel like a hassle right Well
it doesnt have to because there are easy things you can do to add
flavor to your daily routinemdashincluding healthy twists on your
favorite foods
The one key to feeling your best lies in the food you eatmdashso dont
give up You can start by working with a dietitian or registered
dietitian nutritionist (RDN) to make an eating plan that works for
you Be sure to include foods you like and donrsquot be afraid to try
something new
Most importantly remember that eating wellmdashand adding activity
to your daily routine (moving more)mdashare important ways you can
manage diabetes And wersquore here to help you every step of the way
httpwwwdiabetesorgThere is no ldquodiabetes dietrdquo Really Talk to your doctor and get a
referral to a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) who can help
you figure out what eating plan makes the most sense for you and
your treatment goals
You have choicesmdashlots Many different eating patterns can help
you manage your diabetesmdashfrom Mediterranean to low-
carbohydrate to vegetarian Whatever you choose be sure to
include lots of non-starchy vegetables minimize added sugars and
refined grains and choose whole minimally processed foods
Macronutrients may vary We wish we could tell you the perfect
percentage of calories from carbs protein and fat that you need
but the truth is the percentages can and should be individualized
httpwwwdiabetesorg
Carbs are not one-size-fits-all While there is growing
evidence to show that low-carbohydrate eating patterns
can benefit people with diabetes and prediabetes there is
no one definition for ldquolow carbrdquo For some following an
eating pattern lower in carbs (26ndash45 of total calories
from carbohydrate) showed better blood sugars and a
reduction in diabetes medications among other benefits
Work closely with your doctor and RDN if you choose a
lower carb approach to minimize risks (such as
hypoglycemia) and maximize success
THE FUTURE the chart pp186-87 192-93 162-185bull PRESENT PROGRESSIVE future events already
programmed
Wersquore having lunch with Richard and Julie tomorrow
bull ldquoGOING TOrdquo FUTURE
(i) INTENTIONS Matteo is not going to retire from politics
He says he is going to return stronger than before
(ii)CONFIDENT PREDICTIONS A tennis match between
Venus Williams and your English teacher Venus Williams
is going to win 6-0 6-0
bull WILL ndash predictions often preceded by ldquoI thinkrdquo ldquoI hoperdquo
etc
Who do you think will the elections
I hope Irsquoll pass the exam
You know someone who has diabetes What advice are
you going to give him her
If you
bull are obese you will have problems because you are
probably going to (predict)hellip
bull are suffering from stress you will have problems
because you are probably going to hellip
bull are doing little physical exercise you will have
problems hellip
bull are eating lots of sugar you will hellip
bull have a history of developing diabetes in your family
you will hellip
bull are eating an unhealthy diet you willhellip
Believe it or not you can treat prevent and even reverse
the damage done by diabetes by having a healthy diet
Tell the patient laquoyou are going to have to control blood
glucose levels by reducing the amount of simple
carbohydratres that you eatraquo How are you going to make
the patient do this
What is going to be the main part of his her diet Breads
and cereals Whole-wheat pasta Milk cheese and
yoghurt Meat fish and eggs Beans and legumes Nuts
olives and olive oil Vegetables
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
httpwwwdiabetesorg
The path to understanding diabetes starts here
No matter where you are in your fight herersquos where you
need to be
Whether yoursquove been newly diagnosed have been
fighting against type 1 or type 2 diabetes for a while or
are helping a loved one yoursquove come to the right place
This is the start of gaining a deeper understanding of how
you can live a healthier lifemdashwith all the tools health
tips and food ideas you need Wherever yoursquore at with
this disease know that you have options and that you
donrsquot have to be held back You can still live your best
life All you have to do is take action and stick with it
httpwwwdiabetesorgEating doesnrsquot have to be boring
Itrsquos all about finding the right balance that works for you
When yoursquore managing diabetes your eating plan is a powerful
tool But figuring out what to eat can feel like a hassle right Well
it doesnt have to because there are easy things you can do to add
flavor to your daily routinemdashincluding healthy twists on your
favorite foods
The one key to feeling your best lies in the food you eatmdashso dont
give up You can start by working with a dietitian or registered
dietitian nutritionist (RDN) to make an eating plan that works for
you Be sure to include foods you like and donrsquot be afraid to try
something new
Most importantly remember that eating wellmdashand adding activity
to your daily routine (moving more)mdashare important ways you can
manage diabetes And wersquore here to help you every step of the way
httpwwwdiabetesorgThere is no ldquodiabetes dietrdquo Really Talk to your doctor and get a
referral to a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) who can help
you figure out what eating plan makes the most sense for you and
your treatment goals
You have choicesmdashlots Many different eating patterns can help
you manage your diabetesmdashfrom Mediterranean to low-
carbohydrate to vegetarian Whatever you choose be sure to
include lots of non-starchy vegetables minimize added sugars and
refined grains and choose whole minimally processed foods
Macronutrients may vary We wish we could tell you the perfect
percentage of calories from carbs protein and fat that you need
but the truth is the percentages can and should be individualized
httpwwwdiabetesorg
Carbs are not one-size-fits-all While there is growing
evidence to show that low-carbohydrate eating patterns
can benefit people with diabetes and prediabetes there is
no one definition for ldquolow carbrdquo For some following an
eating pattern lower in carbs (26ndash45 of total calories
from carbohydrate) showed better blood sugars and a
reduction in diabetes medications among other benefits
Work closely with your doctor and RDN if you choose a
lower carb approach to minimize risks (such as
hypoglycemia) and maximize success
THE FUTURE the chart pp186-87 192-93 162-185bull PRESENT PROGRESSIVE future events already
programmed
Wersquore having lunch with Richard and Julie tomorrow
bull ldquoGOING TOrdquo FUTURE
(i) INTENTIONS Matteo is not going to retire from politics
He says he is going to return stronger than before
(ii)CONFIDENT PREDICTIONS A tennis match between
Venus Williams and your English teacher Venus Williams
is going to win 6-0 6-0
bull WILL ndash predictions often preceded by ldquoI thinkrdquo ldquoI hoperdquo
etc
Who do you think will the elections
I hope Irsquoll pass the exam
You know someone who has diabetes What advice are
you going to give him her
If you
bull are obese you will have problems because you are
probably going to (predict)hellip
bull are suffering from stress you will have problems
because you are probably going to hellip
bull are doing little physical exercise you will have
problems hellip
bull are eating lots of sugar you will hellip
bull have a history of developing diabetes in your family
you will hellip
bull are eating an unhealthy diet you willhellip
Believe it or not you can treat prevent and even reverse
the damage done by diabetes by having a healthy diet
Tell the patient laquoyou are going to have to control blood
glucose levels by reducing the amount of simple
carbohydratres that you eatraquo How are you going to make
the patient do this
What is going to be the main part of his her diet Breads
and cereals Whole-wheat pasta Milk cheese and
yoghurt Meat fish and eggs Beans and legumes Nuts
olives and olive oil Vegetables
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
httpwwwdiabetesorgEating doesnrsquot have to be boring
Itrsquos all about finding the right balance that works for you
When yoursquore managing diabetes your eating plan is a powerful
tool But figuring out what to eat can feel like a hassle right Well
it doesnt have to because there are easy things you can do to add
flavor to your daily routinemdashincluding healthy twists on your
favorite foods
The one key to feeling your best lies in the food you eatmdashso dont
give up You can start by working with a dietitian or registered
dietitian nutritionist (RDN) to make an eating plan that works for
you Be sure to include foods you like and donrsquot be afraid to try
something new
Most importantly remember that eating wellmdashand adding activity
to your daily routine (moving more)mdashare important ways you can
manage diabetes And wersquore here to help you every step of the way
httpwwwdiabetesorgThere is no ldquodiabetes dietrdquo Really Talk to your doctor and get a
referral to a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) who can help
you figure out what eating plan makes the most sense for you and
your treatment goals
You have choicesmdashlots Many different eating patterns can help
you manage your diabetesmdashfrom Mediterranean to low-
carbohydrate to vegetarian Whatever you choose be sure to
include lots of non-starchy vegetables minimize added sugars and
refined grains and choose whole minimally processed foods
Macronutrients may vary We wish we could tell you the perfect
percentage of calories from carbs protein and fat that you need
but the truth is the percentages can and should be individualized
httpwwwdiabetesorg
Carbs are not one-size-fits-all While there is growing
evidence to show that low-carbohydrate eating patterns
can benefit people with diabetes and prediabetes there is
no one definition for ldquolow carbrdquo For some following an
eating pattern lower in carbs (26ndash45 of total calories
from carbohydrate) showed better blood sugars and a
reduction in diabetes medications among other benefits
Work closely with your doctor and RDN if you choose a
lower carb approach to minimize risks (such as
hypoglycemia) and maximize success
THE FUTURE the chart pp186-87 192-93 162-185bull PRESENT PROGRESSIVE future events already
programmed
Wersquore having lunch with Richard and Julie tomorrow
bull ldquoGOING TOrdquo FUTURE
(i) INTENTIONS Matteo is not going to retire from politics
He says he is going to return stronger than before
(ii)CONFIDENT PREDICTIONS A tennis match between
Venus Williams and your English teacher Venus Williams
is going to win 6-0 6-0
bull WILL ndash predictions often preceded by ldquoI thinkrdquo ldquoI hoperdquo
etc
Who do you think will the elections
I hope Irsquoll pass the exam
You know someone who has diabetes What advice are
you going to give him her
If you
bull are obese you will have problems because you are
probably going to (predict)hellip
bull are suffering from stress you will have problems
because you are probably going to hellip
bull are doing little physical exercise you will have
problems hellip
bull are eating lots of sugar you will hellip
bull have a history of developing diabetes in your family
you will hellip
bull are eating an unhealthy diet you willhellip
Believe it or not you can treat prevent and even reverse
the damage done by diabetes by having a healthy diet
Tell the patient laquoyou are going to have to control blood
glucose levels by reducing the amount of simple
carbohydratres that you eatraquo How are you going to make
the patient do this
What is going to be the main part of his her diet Breads
and cereals Whole-wheat pasta Milk cheese and
yoghurt Meat fish and eggs Beans and legumes Nuts
olives and olive oil Vegetables
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
httpwwwdiabetesorgThere is no ldquodiabetes dietrdquo Really Talk to your doctor and get a
referral to a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) who can help
you figure out what eating plan makes the most sense for you and
your treatment goals
You have choicesmdashlots Many different eating patterns can help
you manage your diabetesmdashfrom Mediterranean to low-
carbohydrate to vegetarian Whatever you choose be sure to
include lots of non-starchy vegetables minimize added sugars and
refined grains and choose whole minimally processed foods
Macronutrients may vary We wish we could tell you the perfect
percentage of calories from carbs protein and fat that you need
but the truth is the percentages can and should be individualized
httpwwwdiabetesorg
Carbs are not one-size-fits-all While there is growing
evidence to show that low-carbohydrate eating patterns
can benefit people with diabetes and prediabetes there is
no one definition for ldquolow carbrdquo For some following an
eating pattern lower in carbs (26ndash45 of total calories
from carbohydrate) showed better blood sugars and a
reduction in diabetes medications among other benefits
Work closely with your doctor and RDN if you choose a
lower carb approach to minimize risks (such as
hypoglycemia) and maximize success
THE FUTURE the chart pp186-87 192-93 162-185bull PRESENT PROGRESSIVE future events already
programmed
Wersquore having lunch with Richard and Julie tomorrow
bull ldquoGOING TOrdquo FUTURE
(i) INTENTIONS Matteo is not going to retire from politics
He says he is going to return stronger than before
(ii)CONFIDENT PREDICTIONS A tennis match between
Venus Williams and your English teacher Venus Williams
is going to win 6-0 6-0
bull WILL ndash predictions often preceded by ldquoI thinkrdquo ldquoI hoperdquo
etc
Who do you think will the elections
I hope Irsquoll pass the exam
You know someone who has diabetes What advice are
you going to give him her
If you
bull are obese you will have problems because you are
probably going to (predict)hellip
bull are suffering from stress you will have problems
because you are probably going to hellip
bull are doing little physical exercise you will have
problems hellip
bull are eating lots of sugar you will hellip
bull have a history of developing diabetes in your family
you will hellip
bull are eating an unhealthy diet you willhellip
Believe it or not you can treat prevent and even reverse
the damage done by diabetes by having a healthy diet
Tell the patient laquoyou are going to have to control blood
glucose levels by reducing the amount of simple
carbohydratres that you eatraquo How are you going to make
the patient do this
What is going to be the main part of his her diet Breads
and cereals Whole-wheat pasta Milk cheese and
yoghurt Meat fish and eggs Beans and legumes Nuts
olives and olive oil Vegetables
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
httpwwwdiabetesorg
Carbs are not one-size-fits-all While there is growing
evidence to show that low-carbohydrate eating patterns
can benefit people with diabetes and prediabetes there is
no one definition for ldquolow carbrdquo For some following an
eating pattern lower in carbs (26ndash45 of total calories
from carbohydrate) showed better blood sugars and a
reduction in diabetes medications among other benefits
Work closely with your doctor and RDN if you choose a
lower carb approach to minimize risks (such as
hypoglycemia) and maximize success
THE FUTURE the chart pp186-87 192-93 162-185bull PRESENT PROGRESSIVE future events already
programmed
Wersquore having lunch with Richard and Julie tomorrow
bull ldquoGOING TOrdquo FUTURE
(i) INTENTIONS Matteo is not going to retire from politics
He says he is going to return stronger than before
(ii)CONFIDENT PREDICTIONS A tennis match between
Venus Williams and your English teacher Venus Williams
is going to win 6-0 6-0
bull WILL ndash predictions often preceded by ldquoI thinkrdquo ldquoI hoperdquo
etc
Who do you think will the elections
I hope Irsquoll pass the exam
You know someone who has diabetes What advice are
you going to give him her
If you
bull are obese you will have problems because you are
probably going to (predict)hellip
bull are suffering from stress you will have problems
because you are probably going to hellip
bull are doing little physical exercise you will have
problems hellip
bull are eating lots of sugar you will hellip
bull have a history of developing diabetes in your family
you will hellip
bull are eating an unhealthy diet you willhellip
Believe it or not you can treat prevent and even reverse
the damage done by diabetes by having a healthy diet
Tell the patient laquoyou are going to have to control blood
glucose levels by reducing the amount of simple
carbohydratres that you eatraquo How are you going to make
the patient do this
What is going to be the main part of his her diet Breads
and cereals Whole-wheat pasta Milk cheese and
yoghurt Meat fish and eggs Beans and legumes Nuts
olives and olive oil Vegetables
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
THE FUTURE the chart pp186-87 192-93 162-185bull PRESENT PROGRESSIVE future events already
programmed
Wersquore having lunch with Richard and Julie tomorrow
bull ldquoGOING TOrdquo FUTURE
(i) INTENTIONS Matteo is not going to retire from politics
He says he is going to return stronger than before
(ii)CONFIDENT PREDICTIONS A tennis match between
Venus Williams and your English teacher Venus Williams
is going to win 6-0 6-0
bull WILL ndash predictions often preceded by ldquoI thinkrdquo ldquoI hoperdquo
etc
Who do you think will the elections
I hope Irsquoll pass the exam
You know someone who has diabetes What advice are
you going to give him her
If you
bull are obese you will have problems because you are
probably going to (predict)hellip
bull are suffering from stress you will have problems
because you are probably going to hellip
bull are doing little physical exercise you will have
problems hellip
bull are eating lots of sugar you will hellip
bull have a history of developing diabetes in your family
you will hellip
bull are eating an unhealthy diet you willhellip
Believe it or not you can treat prevent and even reverse
the damage done by diabetes by having a healthy diet
Tell the patient laquoyou are going to have to control blood
glucose levels by reducing the amount of simple
carbohydratres that you eatraquo How are you going to make
the patient do this
What is going to be the main part of his her diet Breads
and cereals Whole-wheat pasta Milk cheese and
yoghurt Meat fish and eggs Beans and legumes Nuts
olives and olive oil Vegetables
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
You know someone who has diabetes What advice are
you going to give him her
If you
bull are obese you will have problems because you are
probably going to (predict)hellip
bull are suffering from stress you will have problems
because you are probably going to hellip
bull are doing little physical exercise you will have
problems hellip
bull are eating lots of sugar you will hellip
bull have a history of developing diabetes in your family
you will hellip
bull are eating an unhealthy diet you willhellip
Believe it or not you can treat prevent and even reverse
the damage done by diabetes by having a healthy diet
Tell the patient laquoyou are going to have to control blood
glucose levels by reducing the amount of simple
carbohydratres that you eatraquo How are you going to make
the patient do this
What is going to be the main part of his her diet Breads
and cereals Whole-wheat pasta Milk cheese and
yoghurt Meat fish and eggs Beans and legumes Nuts
olives and olive oil Vegetables
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
Believe it or not you can treat prevent and even reverse
the damage done by diabetes by having a healthy diet
Tell the patient laquoyou are going to have to control blood
glucose levels by reducing the amount of simple
carbohydratres that you eatraquo How are you going to make
the patient do this
What is going to be the main part of his her diet Breads
and cereals Whole-wheat pasta Milk cheese and
yoghurt Meat fish and eggs Beans and legumes Nuts
olives and olive oil Vegetables
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
What about QUANTITIES of food For example 139
why should the patient be careful of how
bull much fruit he or she eats
bull many protein-rich foods he eats (= higher in calories
and saturated fats)
If you eat too much fruit which contains high levels of
natural sugars (= fructose) you willhellip
If you eat too many protein-rich foods you will hellip
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
What about the timing of your meals (breakfast
lunch and dinner) 140 (When you eat your blood
glucose levels are going to rise as the food you eat is
broken down during the digestion process Between
meals your blood glucose levels are going to fall as your
cells slowly use the glucose available)
So tell the patient how to stop glucose levels from
lsquospikingrsquo (= increasing too quickly) Tell the patient to
1) space out meals and snacks during (= throughout) the
day becausehellip
2) eat the roughly the same amount of carbohydrates at
each meal becausehellip
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
MODALITY 1 LIKELIHOOD (certain probable possible improbable impossible)
LIKELIHOOD = from 1 to 100 CERTAINTY
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
bull President Trump helliphelliphelliphellip (to) win the next American
election becausehelliphellip
bull After the Corona virus the Italian government helliphellip (to) give
more money to public hospitals because helliphellip
Certainty
will
Probability
amisare likely to
will probably
Possibility
may might could
Improbability
amisare unlikely to
Impossibility
will not (wonrsquot)
Ted will win Ted is likely to win
Ted willprobably win
But young Phil maymightcould win
Phil is unlikely to win
Phil probably wonrsquot win
Phil wonrsquot win
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
MODALITY 2 permissionprohibitionabilityobligationabsence of obligation
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
Covid-19 means that we can mustnrsquot have got to donrsquot have tohellip
helliphelliphelliphelliphellip
PERMISSION
canmayamisareallowed to
PROHIBITION
cannotcanrsquotmay notmustnrsquot amisare not allowed to
ABILITY
can
amisare abletohellip
amisare capable of -ing
OBLIGATION
havehas (got) tomust
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashshouldought to
NO OBLIGATION
donrsquotdoesnrsquot have to
havenrsquothasnrsquot got to
You can leave nowMay I leave nowYou are allowed to leave now
You canrsquot park hereYou mustnrsquotmay not park hereYou are not allowed to park here
She can swim wellShe is able to swim wellShe is capable of swimming well
We have to payour taxesWe must pay our taxes
ndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashndashYou should lose weightYou ought to lose weight
We donrsquot have to answer work-related emails on Sundays (but we can if we want to)
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
HOMEWORK
Future forms pages 186-87 (chart) 162-185 192-93
Modality pages 225 (chart) 198-222 226-27 232-33
SAN see next slide
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg
HOMEWORK
SAN
Use the internet to find information (in English language) about
these international nutrition associations
bull The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF)
httpswwweatrightorgfoodbull Irish Society for Clinical Nutritional and Metabolism (IrSPEN)
httpswwwirspeniebull The Nevin Scrimshaw International Nutrition Foundation (INF)
httpsinffoundationorgbull Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group
httpwwwfaoorgaghumannutritionnutritioneducationen
bull Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
httpwwwwhointvmnisen
bull World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA)
httpwphnaorg