lg-memcor0091a-draw and interpret sketches and simple drawin
TRANSCRIPT
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LG-MEMCOR0091A: DRAW AND INTERPRET SKETCHES AND SIMPLE DRAWINGS
Version 1 LRDU JUL. 03
LEARNERS GUIDEDRAW AND INTERPRET SKETCHES AND SIMPLE DRAWINGS
Published by
HEART TRUST/NATIONAL TRAINING AGENCY
Produced by
Learning Management Services Department
Gordon Town Road
Kingston 7
Jamaica W.I.
This material is protected by copyright. Copying this material or any part of it by any means, including
digital or in any form is prohibited unless prior written permission is obtained from the HEART
Trust/NTA.
*** 2003***
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 1
Welcome ............................................................................................................... 1This Competency Unit ................................................................................................ 1
Before You Start......................................................................................................... 2Planning Your Learning Programme .......................................................................... 2Self-Assessment Checklist.......................................................................................... 3
How To Use This Learners Guide............................................................................. 4Using the Computer and other Resources................................................................... 5
Method of Assessment ................................................................................................ 5
Element 1: Prepare Freehand Sketch ............................................................................... 7
Self-Assessment Checklist......................................................................................... 17
Element 2: Interpret Details from Freehand Sketch........................................................ 18
Self-Assessment Checklist......................................................................................... 22
Element 3: Select Correct Technical Drawing .................................................................. 23
Self-Assessment Checklist......................................................................................... 25
Element 4: Identify Drawing Requirements ..................................................................... 26
Self-Assessment Checklist......................................................................................... 29
Element 5: Prepare to Make Changes to Engineering Drawing ..................................... 30
Self-Assessment Checklist......................................................................................... 33
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INTRODUCTION
Welcome
Welcome to the Learners Guide for Unit of Competency Draw and Interpret Sketches and
Simple Drawings. This is just one of a number of Learners Guides produced for the CoreSkills stream of the Metal, Engineering and Maintenance, and it is designed to guide you, the
learner, through a series of learning processes and activities that will enable you to achieve thespecified learning outcomes for the competency unit.
The content of this guide was developed from the Competency Standard MEMCOR0071A,which is one of the basic building blocks for the National Vocational Qualification of Jamaica
(NVQ-J) certification within the industry. Please refer to yourLearners Handbookfor athorough explanation of standards and competencies, and how these relate to the NVQJcertification.
You are also advised to consult the Competency Standard and assessment instrument for a betterunderstanding of what is required to master the competency.
This Competency Unit
Draw and Interpret Sketches and Simple Drawings addresses the knowledge and skills
requirements to effectively use electrical/electronic measuring devices. There are five mainareas or elements:
Element 1: Prepare Freehand Sketch
Element 2: Interpret Details from Freehand Sketch
Element 3: Select Correct Technical Drawing
Element 4: Identify Drawing Requirements
Element 5: Prepare or Make Changes to Engineering Drawing
As you go through each element, you will find critical information relating to each one. You areadvised to study them carefully so that you will be able to develop the necessary knowledge,
skills and attitudes for using electrical/electronic measuring devices.
LG-MEMCOR0071A:DRAW AND INTERPRET
SKETCHES AND SIMPLEDRAWINGS
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Before you start
Before you start this Learners Guide, you need to:
a. Obtain aLearners Logbookthat you will use to record evidence of your new
skills/competence. As you demonstrate your new skills, record your activities and have yourlearning facilitator sign off on them. This will allow you to provide evidence of your
competence when you are being assessed against the competency standard.
b. Ensure that you have access to the facilities and equipment necessary for learning.
c. Ensure that your learning resources are available.
d. Ensure that you are wearing suitable clothing, that tools and equipment are safe, and that the
correct safety equipment is used.
e.
Plan yourlearning programme (see below)
f. Understand how to use this Learners Guide (see below)
Planning your learning programme
The self-assessment checklist on the following page will assist you in planning your training
programme as it will help you to think about the knowledge and skills needed to demonstratecompetency in this unit. As you go through the checklist you will be able to find out whatelements you have already mastered and which ones you will need to pay more attention to as
you go through the learning process.
To complete the self-assessment checklist, simply read the statements and tick the Yes or Nobox. You should do this exercise now.
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Element 1 Prepare Freehand Sketch Yes No
1. I can draw sketch correctly and appropriately ( ) ( )
2. My sketch depicts object or part ( ) ( )
3. The dimensions are obtained correctly ( ) ( )
4. The dimensions are shown clearly ( ) ( )
5. My baseline or datum point is indicated ( ) ( )
Element 2 Interpret Details from Freehand Sketch Yes No
1. I can recognise components, assemblies or objects as required ( ) ( )
2. I can identify dimensions as appropriate to field of
employment ( ) ( )
3. I can identify and follow instructions as required ( ) ( )
4. I can identify material requirements as required ( ) ( )
5. I recognise symbols as appropriate in sketch ( ) ( )
Element 3 Select Correct Technical Drawing Yes No
1. I can check and validate drawing against job requirements
or equipment ( ) ( )
2. I can validate and check drawing version ( ) ( )
Self-Assessment Checklist
Draw and Interpret Sketches and Simple Drawings
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Element 4 Identify Drawing Requirements Yes No
1. I can determine requirements and purpose of drawing from
and /or work specification and associated documents ( ) ( )
2. I can identify and collect all data necessary to producethe drawing ( ) ( )
3. I can confirm drawing requirements with relevant personneland timeframes for completion established ( ) ( )
Element 5 Prepare or Make Changes to Engineering
Drawing Yes No
1. I can select drafting equipment appropriate to the drawing
method chosen ( ) ( )
2. I can apply drafting principles to produce a drawing
that is consistent with standard operating procedureswithin the enterprise ( ) ( )
3. I can complete drawing that is approved in accordancewith standard operating procedures ( ) ( )
How did you do?
If you ticked all or most of the Yes boxes then you might not need to go through the entireguide. Ask your learning facilitator to assist you in determining the most appropriate actionyou should take.
If you ticked a few of the Yes boxes or none at all then you should work through all of theguide, even though some of the material my be familiar to you.
Plan your learning based on your answers. Be sure to involve your learning facilitator in the
planning process.
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How to use this Learners Guide
This Learners Guide is designed to assist you in working and learning at your own pace.
We suggest that you:
Go through the sections/elements as they are presented (starting at Section 1)
Check your progress at each checkpoint to ensure that you have understood the material
Observe the icons and special graphics used throughout this guide to remind you of what you
have to do and to enhance your learning. The icons and their meanings are as follows:
Complete Assessment ExerciseThis exercise requires you to think about the knowledge and skillsthat you have or will develop in this competency unit.
Definition Box
Words/phases are defined or explained in this box. Thewords/phases being explained are in bold print.
CheckpointThis denotes a brain teaser and is used to check your
understanding of the materials presented. No answers areprovided for the questions asked.
Activity
This denotes something for you to do either alone or withthe assistance of your trainer/supervisor.
Reference
Points you to the reference materials and other supportdocuments or resources used in compiling the unit content.
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Ask your learning facilitator for help if you have any problems with the interpretation of the
contents, the procedures, or the availability of resources.
Complete each activity as you come to it. If the activity requires you perform an actual task,
be sure to tell your learning facilitator when you get to that activity so that he/she can makeany arrangements, if necessary.
Get your learning facilitator to sign and date the Learner Logbook when you have completed
an activity.
Complete the self-assessment checklist at the end of each section or element.
When you have worked through all elements of the guide, and when you can tick every Yesbox, you are ready for assessment and should ask your learning facilitator to assist you in making
the arrangements to have your performance assessed.
Using the Computer and Other Resources
Where your activities refer you to the library, computer and Internet resources, ask your learningfacilitator to assist you with locating these resources. If you are getting your training in aninstitution, there may be a library and a computer laboratory. If this is not the case, visit the local
library and find out what resources are available.
If you are new to the computer and the Internet, someone in the computer room should be able toshow you how to use these resources.
Please note that in many of your activities you have been referred to information on the Internet.This is because the Internet has a vast amount of information that can help you in acquiring the
particular competencies. We would like to advise you, however, that we cannot guarantee thatall the sites will be available when you need them. If this happens, ask your learning facilitatorto assist you with locating other sites that have the information you require.
Method of Assessment
Competency will be assessed while you are actually performing the tasks related to this
competency, this may be in a real workplace or a simulated situation that accurately relates to thework situation. You are advised to consult the associated competency standard and assessment
instrument for further details relating to the assessment strategies.
You may now start your learning. Have fun while you work!
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ELEMENT 1: PREPARE FREEHAND SKETCH
LEARNING OUTCOME
As you go through this element you need to ensure that you acquire the required knowledge,skills and attitude to prepare freehand sketch. Your learning facilitator is there to assist you
through the various activities. Upon completion of the element you should be able to:
1. Draw sketch correctly and appropriately2. Show that sketch depicts object or part3. Obtain dimensions correctly
4. Show dimensions correctly5. Show instructions clearly
6. Indicate baseline or datum point
DRAWING SKETCHES CORRECTLY
When drawing sketches correctly it is important that the appropriate views are shown. Thenumber of views necessary to convey all relevant information about the objects to be sketched
should be identified. It is therefore necessary that engineers be capable of executing well-proportioned and understandable freehand pictorial sketches, for sketching is one of the most
important modes of expression that they have available for use. Like other means for conveyingideas, when depended on alone, sketches will usually prove to be inadequate. However, whenused in combination with the written or spoken language and related graphical representations,
they make full understanding by others.
Fig. 1 A freehand sketch is worth a Fig. 2 An industrial productthousand words (www.sencan-tools.com/Electric-Hand-Drill-36.html )
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SHOWING SKETCH DEPICTING OBJECT OR PART
The object should be appropriately represented in the sketched view(s). Where appropriate, theobjects represented in the sketch should be correctly labeled and/or identified.
CHECKPOINT:
Why is it necessary to draw sketch correctly and appropriately?
ACTIVITY:
Sketch the tool-bit holder (fig. 3) below.Fig.3
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Fig. 4 Steps to sketch a multiview drawing
The following procedure is recommended:
1. Examine the object, giving particular attention to detail2. Determine which views are necessary3. Block in the views using construction lines
4. Complete detail and darken the object lines5.
Sketch extension lines and dimension lines, including arrowheads
6. Complete the sketch by adding dimensions, notes, title, date, sketchers name of initials,and so on
7. Check the entire sketch carefully to see that no dimensions have been omitted
Sketching Guidelines
Fig. 5 Sketching straight lines, squares and rectangles
Fig. 6 Sketching circles
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Fig. 7 Sketching ellipses
Fig. 8 Sketching and estimating angles
CHECKPOINT:
What are the steps involved in the sketching of multiview drawing?
ACTIVITY:
Complete the geometric construction for the following sketches:- Regular polygons with four, seven and eight sides- Pentagon inscribed within measured circle
- Triangle with specified angles
- arcs thru three points; tangent to two circles
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OBTAINING DIMENSIONS CORRECTLY
The dimensions of the object are obtained correctly using appropriate measuring
techniques/instruments. Some of the instruments that can be used are:
Architects scale Pencils
Pare Drawing board
T square
45 degree set square
30 degree X 60 degree set square
Tracing vellum
The units used in preparing the sketch should be clearly identified.
SHOWING DIMENSIONS CLEARLY
All the necessary dimensions are to be shown clearly on the sketch. It is also very important thatall key dimensions to be conveyed by the sketch can be identified.When sketches are dimensioned, the overall width, depth, and height dimensions are placedoutside of the location dimensions. These are known as overall dimensions.
CHECKPOINT:
Make a list of all the instruments used to obtain dimensions
correctly for sketching.
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Fig. 9 Types of dimensions
Fig. 10 Working drawing sketch with dimensionsand notations
CHECKPOINT:
Why is it necessary for dimensions to be shown clearly?
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SHOWING INSTRUCTIONS CLEARLY
All necessary instructions/information is to be conveyed by the appropriate use of notes in thesketch. Where appropriate, symbols to be in the sketch and their purpose/meaning are to be
identified.
ACTIVITY:
Sketch the bookend (fig. 11) and add the dimensions.Fig. 11
CHECKPOINT:
Identify some of the symbols and their purpose/meaning that are
generally used in sketching.
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INDICATING BASE LINE OR DATUM
Where appropriate, the base line, centre line and/or datum point for the object should be clearly
indicated on the sketch. It is also very important that the functions of these lines are explained.The lines are dark and wide for object lines, dark and thin for dimension and centre lines, andthin for layout and guidelines.
Fig. 12 Line convections for sketching working drawings
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Fig. 13 Using line conventions on a working drawing
CHECKPOINT:
What are the line conventions for sketching working drawings?
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ACTIVITY:
Apply the line conventions to the sketch below (fig. 14).
Fig. 14
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ARE YOU READY TO PROVE YOUR COMPETENCY?
Now that you have completed this element see if you have fully grasped all the components bydoing the following self-assessment.
Checklist 1 Yes No
1. I can draw sketch correctly and appropriately ( ) ( )
2. I understand how sketches depict object or part ( ) ( )
3. I can obtain dimensions correctly ( ) ( )
4. I can show dimensions clearly ( ) ( )
5. I can show instructions clearly ( ) ( )
6. I can indicate base line or datum point ( ) ( )
Checklist 2 Yes No
1. Sketches are correctly and appropriately drawn ( ) ( )
2. Sketches depict object or part ( ) ( )
3. Dimensions are obtained correctly ( ) ( )
4. Dimensions are shown clearly ( ) ( )
5. Instructions are shown clearly ( ) ( )
6. Base line or datum point is indicated ( ) ( )
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ELEMENT 2: INTERPRET DETAILS FROM FREEHAND SKETCH
LEARNING OUTCOME
As you go through this element you need to ensure that you acquire the required knowledge,
skills and attitude to interpret details from freehand sketch. Your learning facilitator is there toassist you through the various activities. Upon completion of the element you should be able to:
1. Recognise components, assemblies or objects as required2. Identify dimensions as appropriate to field of employment
3. Follow instructions as required4. Identify material requirements
5. Recognise symbols as appropriate in sketching
RECOGNISING COMPONENTS, ASSEMBLIES OR OBJECTS
Where appropriate, the relationship between the views contained in the sketch should be
identified. This will allow:
The number of objects represented in the sketch to be identified
The objects represented in the sketch is correctly identified
The different types of pictorial drawings usually illustrate the relationship between the views ofthe object.
1. Isometric drawings:
Are based on three lines or axes; one vertical axis with two others at 60
degrees to the vertical
Show the true dimensions of an objects top, side, and end view
2. Oblique drawings:
Are based on three lines or axes similar to isometric drawings
Can depict the true dimensions of an objects top. Side, and end
The front shows the true shape of that side of the object from a head-on
view
CHECKPOINT:
What are the characteristics of isometric and oblique drawings?
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IDENTIFYING DIMENSIONS AS APPROPRIATE TO FIELD OF STUDY
The units of measurement used in the preparation of the sketch should be identified sincedimensions identify key features of the object. This highlights the important role of dimensionsto sketching and more importantly to your field of study.
ACTIVITY:
1. Sketch the isometric drawing below(fig. 15). Show all hidden
details.
Fig. 15
2. Sketch the object from the views given below (fig 16).Fig. 16
CHECKPOINT:
What are the benefits of identifying dimensions to your field of study?
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IDENTIFYING INSTRUCTIONS
All instructions contained in sketches should be identified. The actions to be undertaken inresponse to those instructions should also be given. This will guide the engineer in his task of
accurately completing the sketch.
IDENTIFYING MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
Where appropriate, the materials, the materials from which the object(s) should be made and can
be identified from sketch. This will allow the engineer to:
Make accurate decisions
Follow instructions carefully
Complete the task in reasonable time
CHECKPOINT:
Why is it important to identify instructions contained in sketches?
ACTIVITY:
On any three of the sketches done previously list the instructions
contained in these sketches.
CHECKPOINT:
What guidelines are necessary when identifying material
requirements from sketches?
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RECOGNISING SYMBOLS IN SKETCHING
Any symbols used in sketching should be identified and correctly interpreted. These symbols
have their individual meaning and therefore convey specific information.
CHECKPOINT:
Make a list of the symbols used in sketching.
ACTIVITY:
Sketch an object determined by your facilitator showing the correct
symbols. The drawing will be evaluated by the facilitator.
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ARE YOU READY TO PROVE YOUR COMPETENCY?
Now that you have completed this element see if you have fully grasped all the components bydoing the following self-assessment.
Checklist 1 Yes No
1. I can recognize components, assemblies or objects asrequired ( ) ( )
2. I can identify dimensions as appropriate to the fieldof employment ( ) ( )
3. I can identify and follow instructions ( ) ( )
4. I can identify material requirements ( ) ( )
5. I can recognize symbols as appropriate in sketching ( ) ( )
Checklist 2 Yes No
1. Components, assemblies or objects are recognized ( ) ( )
2. Dimensions are identified and followed ( ) ( )
3. Instructions are identified and followed ( ) ( )
4. Material requirements are identified ( ) ( )
5. Symbols are recognized as appropriate in sketching ( ) ( )
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ELEMENT 3: SELECT CORRECT TECHNICAL DRAWING
LEARNING OUTCOME
As you go through this element you need to ensure that you acquire the required knowledge,
skills and attitude to select correct technical drawing. Your learning facilitator is there to assistyou through the various activities. Upon completion of the element you should be able to:
1. Check and validate drawings against job requirements or equipment2. Check and validate version of drawing
CHECKING AND VALIDATING DRAWINGS AGAINST JOB REQUIREMENTS
Once the drawings are completed it should be checked and validated against job requirements orequipment. This will establish the accuracy of the drawing based on the standards established by
the job requirements or equipment. Time should be spent to ensure that these requirements aremet in an effort to avoid chaos and inaccuracies.
CHECKPOINT:
Why is it necessary to check and validate drawings against job
requirements or equipment?
ACTIVITY:
From any of the sketches completed administer a check andvalidation against job requirements or equipment exercise. Provide a
report to your learning facilitator.
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CHECKING AND VALIDATING DRAWING VERSION
The version of the drawing should be checked and validated to ensure the following:
Accurate information
Recent information Up-to-date principles
This is part of the quality assurance process enabling the minimizing of inaccuracies at the finaloutput. The drawing should pass through a number of validation stages to ensure accuracy.
CHECKPOINT:
What kind of information should be checked and validated on
the version of the drawing?
ACTIVITY:
Your learning facilitator will provide you with a particular
drawing. Perform a check and validation to determine the
version of the drawing.
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ARE YOU READY TO PROVE YOUR COMPETENCY?
Now that you have completed this element see if you have fully grasped all the components bydoing the following self-assessment.
Checklist 1 Yes No
1. I can check and validate drawing against job requirements or
equipment ( ) ( )
2. I can check and validate drawing version ( ) ( )
Checklist 2 Yes No
1. Drawing is checked and validated against job requirementsor equipment ( ) ( )
2. Drawing version is checked and validated ( ) ( )
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ELEMENT 4: IDENTIFYING DRAWING REQUIREMENTS
LEARNING OUTCOME
As you go through this element you need to ensure that you acquire the required knowledge,skills and attitude to identify drawing requirements. Your learning facilitator is there to assist
you through the various activities. Upon completion of the element you should be able to:
1. Determine requirements and purpose of drawing from customer and/or work specificationand associated documents
2. Identify and collect all data necessary to produce the drawing
3. Confirm drawing requirements with relevant personnel and timeframes for completion
DETERMINING REQUIREMENTS AND PURPOSE OF DRAWING
Drawings are done based on the requirements and purpose from the customer and/or work
specifications and associated documents. These requirements and purposes could include:
Design purposes
Expression of new ideas
Manufacturing purposes
Reassembling tasks
Instructional purposes
CHECKPOINT:
Why is necessary to determine the requirements and purpose ofdrawings from customers and/or work specifications and associated
documents.
ACTIVITY:
Conduct an interview of a potential customer of drawings todetermine his/her requirements and purpose of the drawing. Share
your results with your learning facilitator and peers.
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IDENTIFYING AND COLLECTING DATA
Once the engineer has determined the requirements and purpose of the drawing, the next step is
to collect the data. The data could include:
Purpose of drawing Dimensions
Type of drawing required
Personal details
CONFIRMING DRAWING REQUIREMENTS
Having gathered all the information from the customer and/or work specification, the drawingrequirements should be confirmed with the relevant personnel. This should be done inconjunction with the establishment of timeframes for completion. Once these are completed the
stage is step to do drawings.
CHECKPOINT:
Why is it necessary to identify and collect data necessary to
produce drawing?
ACTIVITY:
Consult various sources to determine what data needs to be
collected to produce drawings. Present your results to your
learning facilitator.
CHECKPOINT:
What are the procedures involved in the confirmation of drawing
requirements?
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ARE YOU READY TO PROVE YOUR COMPETENCY?
Now that you have completed this element see if you have fully grasped all the components bydoing the following self-assessment.
Checklist 1 Yes No
1. I can determined the requirements and purpose of drawing
from customer and/or work specification and associateddocuments ( ) ( )
2. I can collect all data necessary to produce the drawing ( ) ( )
3. I can confirm with relevant personnel and timeframe forcompletion established ( ) ( )
Checklist 2 Yes No
1. Requirements and purpose of drawing are determined fromcustomer and/or work specifications and associated
documents ( ) ( )
2. All data necessary to produce drawings are identified andcollected ( ) ( )
3. Drawing requirements are confirmed with relevant personnel
and timeframes for completion established ( ) ( )
ACTIVITY:
Consult the relevant personnel and identify the drawing requirementsand timelines for the completion of the any specific drawing. Share
your results with your peers.
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ELEMENT 5: PREPARE TO MAKE CHANGES TO ENGINEERING DRAWING
LEARNING OUTCOME
As you go through this element you need to ensure that you acquire the required knowledge,
skills and attitude to prepare to make changes to engineering drawing. Your learning facilitator isthere to assist you through the various activities. Upon completion of the element you should be
able to:
1. Select drafting equipment appropriate to the drawing method chosen
2. Apply drafting principles to produce a drawing that is consistent with standard operatingprocedures within the enterprise
3. Undertake all work safely and to prescribe procedure4. Approve completed drawing in accordance with standard operating procedures
SELECTING DRAFTING EQUIPMENT
The drafting equipment is selected based on the drawing method being used. Two types ofworking drawings are:
1. Orthographic drawing2. Pictorial drawings
Special materials and equipment required for drawings could include:
Special pencils
Architects scale
Paper
Drawing board
T square
Set squares
Cross-ruled paper
Tracing vellum
CHECKPOINT:
Make a list of all the drafting equipment you use during your
drawing exercises.
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APPLYING DRAFTING PRINCIPLES
The application of drafting principles to produce drawings should be consistent with standard
operating procedures within the enterprise. Basic principles may include:
Determination of scale Laying out of drawing sheet
Selecting the types of lines to be used
Developing the views
UNDERTAKING WORK SAFELY
Safety Practices
1. Keep sharp-pointed drawing instruments stored in their case to prevent injury to others
and/or yourself2. When using drawing instruments, lay them in a safe place to prevent them from falling
3.
To prevent drawing instruments from falling, fasten to the drawing table top securelybefore you start to draw
ACTIVITY:
Apply the drafting principles to any two drawings providedby your learning facilitator. Share your results with your
peers.
CHECKPOINT:
Why is it necessary to apply safety practices when completing
drawings?
ACTIVITY:
Apply all the safety principles when completing your drawings.Share with your peers any other safety practices that could be
applied.
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APPROVAL OF COMPLETED DRAWINGS
The approval of the completed drawings is generally done by the required agency or body that
regulates the particular field that the drawing is related to. Some of these agencies/bodiesinclude:
Parish Council
Town and Planning Agency
Bureau of Standards
CHECKPOINT:
Why is it necessary to gain approval for completed drawings?
ACTIVITY:
Make contact with at least one of the agencies/bodies mentionedabove and determine the procedures/requirements for the approvalof completed drawings. Provide a report of your findings to your
learning facilitator.
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ARE YOU READY TO PROVE YOUR COMPETENCY?
Now that you have completed this element see if you have fully grasped all the components bydoing the following self-assessment.
Checklist 1 Yes No
1. I can select drafting equipment appropriate to thedrawing method chosen ( ) ( )
2. I can apply drafting principles to produce a drawing thatis consistent with standard operating procedures within the
the enterprise ( ) ( )
3. I can undertake all work safely and to prescribed procedures ( ) ( )
4. I understand that completed drawing is approved withstandard operating procedures ( ) ( )
Checklist 2 Yes No
1. Drawing equipment selected is appropriate to the drawingmethod chosen ( ) ( )
2. Drafting principles are applied to produce a drawing thatis consistent with standard operating procedures within the
enterprise ( ) ( )
3. All work is undertaken safely and to prescribed procedures ( ) ( )
4. Completed drawing is approved in accordance with standard
operating procedures ( ) ( )
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