lgbt adamianta saqartvelosi · 2015. 10. 18. · 4saqartvelos sakonstitucio sasa ix. martlos...

lgbt adamianTa

mdgomareoba

saqarTveloSi

`qalTa iniciatiavebis mxardamWeri jgufi“Tbilisi, 2012

nawili pirveli

diskriminaciis akrZalva lgbt pirebTan mimarTebiT: erovnuli kanonmdeblobis mimoxilvasofio jafariZe

homofobiuri siZulvilis ena da politikuri procesebi saqarTveloSieka aRdgomelaSvili

homofobia: socio-kulturuli garemo saqarTveloSiTamTa melaSvili

nawili meore

transgenderi adamianebi saqarTveloSinaTia gvianiSvili

lgb diskriminaciis kvleva saqarTveloSiirakli vaWaraZe

Sinaarsi

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95 terminologia

3

mocemuli statiis farglebSi avtori mi

moixilavs saqarTvelos kanonmdeb lobas

dis kriminaciis akrZalvasTan mi marTebiT,

Tum ca statiis miznis gaT valiswinebiT, mTa

vari yuradReba lgbt pirTa diskriminaciis

akrZalvas daeTmoba da ZiriTadad probl

emuri sa kanonmdeblo debulebebis analizi

moxdeba. n

Tavidanve unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarT-

veloSi ar arsebobs antidiskriminaciuli

kanonmdebloba. antidiskriminaciuli de-

bulebebi sxvadasxva sakanonmdeblo Tu

kanonqvemdebare normatiul aqtebSia ga-

fantuli.

qveynis uzenaesi kanoni, saqarTvelos

konstitucia ganamtkicebs ra kanonis wi-

naSe Tanasworobis fundamentur princips,

krZalavs diskriminacias sxvadasxva niSniT1,

maT Soris sqesis safuZvelze.2 aRsaniSna-

via, rom sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso aqtebiT

gaTvaliswinebuli diskriminaciis amkrZa-

1 ix. saqarTvelos konstituciis me-14 muxli.

2 ix. Toonen v Australia (tuneni avstraliis winaaRmdeg), UNHRC, CCPR/ C/50/D/488/1992, UN Human Rights Commit-tee (HRC), 4.04.94, para. 8.7. mocemul saqmeSi, komitetma ganmarta,rom sityva sqesi gulisxmobs seqsualur orientaciasac.

lavi normebisgan3 gansxvavebiT, saqarT-

velos konstituciis me-14 muxli ar aris

Ria daboloebis mqone debuleba (open ended provision) da igi pirdapir ar krZalavs dis-kriminacias seqsualuri orientaciisa da

genderuli identobis safuZvelze, Tumca

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarT-

los 2008 wlis gadawyvetilebis4 gaTvalis-

winebiT, aRniSnuli ver da abrkolebs sxva

safuZvliT piris diskriminaciisgan dac-

vas. sakonstitucio sasamarTlom mkafiod

ganmarta, rom konstituciis me-14 muxlSi

mocemuli safuZvlebis CamonaTvali ar

aris amomwuravi da moicavs diskriminaciis

akrZalvis iseT safuZvlebsac, romlebic

masSi pirdapir ar aris naxsenebi. Tumca

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom aseTi tipis saq-

meze erovnul sasamarTloebs dRemde ar

umsjeliaT, Znelia raime Sefasebis gakeTe-

ba praqtikasTan dakavSirebiT.

3 ix. mag. adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis (ECHR) me-14 muxli da amave konvenciis me-12 damatebiTi oqmis pirevli muxli; ix. aseve samoqalaqo da politikur uf-lebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtis (ICCPR) me-2 muxli da ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtis (ICESCR) me-2 muxli.

4 ix. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasa marTlos gadawyvetileba saqmeze SoTa beriZe da sxvebi saqa-rTvelos winaaRmdeg. 31.03.2008

diskriminaciis akrZalva lgbt pirebTan mimarTebiT:

erovnuli kanonmdeblobis mimoxilva

sofio jafariZe

nawili pirveli

4 diskriminaciis akrZalva lgbt pirebTan mimarTebiT: erovnuli kanonmdeblobis mimoxilva

kanonis winaSe Tanasworuflebianobis

dar Rveva sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeb lo-

biT dasjadi qmedebaa.5 miuxedavad imisa,

rom pirdapir ar ikrZaleba seqsualuri

orientaciisa da genderuli identobis niS-

niT kanonis winaSe Tanasworuflebianobis

darRveva, saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sa-

samarTlos zemoaRniSnuli gadawyvetilebi-

sa da sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 53-e

muxlis 2012 wlis 27 martis damatebis6

Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 142-

e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis

Semadgenlobis saxeze qonis SemTxvevaSi pa-

suxismgebloba seqsualuri orientaciisa

da genderuli identobis niSniT Cadenili

danaSaulisTvisac dadgeba. aRsaniSnavia,

rom 2012 wlamdec, rasobrivi, religiuri,

erovnuli an eTnikuri Seuwynareblobis mo-

tiviT garkveuli danaSaulebis Cadena dama-

mZimebel garemoebad ganixileboda7, Tumca

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 53-e muxlis

bolodroindeli damatebis Tanaxmad, sxva

safuZvlebTan erTad, seqsualuri orienta-

ciisa da genderuli identobis niSniT Seu-

wynareblobis motiviT danaSaulis Cadena

damamZimebeli garemoeba gaxda ssk-iT Cad-

enili yvela danaSaulisaTvis.

aRniSnuli cvlilebis ganxorcieleba

calsaxad pozitiuri movlenaa, Tum ca mTa-

vari is aris Tu ramdenad efeqturad mox-

deba am sakanonmdeblo novaciis praqtikuli

implementacia. samwuxarod, aRniSnulTan

dakavSirebiT raime daskvnebis gakeTeba Seu-

Zlebelia, radgan ar moipoveba informacia

imasTan dakavSirebiT, moxda Tu ara dRemde

5 ix. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis ko deqsis 142-e muxli.

6 ix. s.s.k. 53-e muxlis me-31 nawili. damatebis mixed-viT, danaSaulis Cadena, seq sualuri orientaciis, genderuli iden tobis, religiis, SezRuduli Ses-aZleblobis, erovnuli, eTnikuri kuTvnilebis, an diskriminaciis Semcveli sxva niSniT Seuwynare-blobis motiviT aris pasuxismgeblobis damamZime-beli garemoeba am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela Sesabamisi danaSaulisaTvis.

7 ix. mag.109-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „d“ qvepunqti, 117- e muxlis me-5 nawilis „d“ qvepunqti da sxva).

mocemuli muxlis gamoyeneba.8 damaimedebe-

li daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas arc ze-

moxsenebul sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebamde

arsebuli praqtika (ufro swored praqtikis

ararseboba) iZleva. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia aR-

dgomelaSvili da jafariZe saqarTvelos wi-

naaRmdeg9, romelic policielTa homofobi-

uri qcevis Sesaxeb saqarTvelodan adamianis

uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi (SemdegSi

evropuli sasamarTlo) gagzavnili pirveli

saqmea.10 ganmcxadeblebi, sxva darRvevebTan

erTad maTi realuri Tu navaraudevi seq-

sualuri orientaciis gamo diskriminaciul

mopyrobazec Civian. miuxedavad imisa, rom

aRniSnul incidents sakmaod didi gamox-

maureba mohyva, rogorc adamianis ufleba-

Ta damcavi adgilobrivi, ise saerTaSoriso

organizaciebis mxridan, gamoZieba savarau-

dod mxolod mas Semdeg daiwyo, rac saqme

evropul sasamarTloSi gaigzavna, isic mx-

olod samsaxurebrivi uflebamosilebis ga-

dametebis muxliT.11 mocemuli imaze metyve-

lebs, rom sssk 142-e muxli (adamianTa Tanas-

woruflebianobis darRveva) praqtikulad

mkvdari muxli iyo, gansakuTrebiT im Sem-

TxvevaSi, Tu saqme seqsualuri orientaciis

niadagze uTanasworo mopyrobas exeboda.

dRevandeli mdgomareobiT moqmedi sa-

kanonmdeblo CarCoebis farglebSi SesaZle-

belia siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaul-

ze saTanado reagireba, damnaSavis sisxlis

8 aRsaniSnavia, rom aaip „identoba“-m 2012 wlis 17 maiss msoflio homofobiis winaaRmdeg brZolis saerTaSoriso dRes (IDAHO) ganviTarebuli movle-nebis gamo gamoZiebis dawyebis moTxovniT mimar-Ta saqarTvelos mTavar prokurors da mouwoda am ukanasknels gamoZiebis dawyebis SemTxvevaSi gaeTvaliswinebina sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 53-e muxlis me-31 nawili. organizacias pasuxi gancxadebaze dRemde ar miuRia. dawvrilebiTi in-formaciisaTvis 2012 wlis 17 maiss ganviTarebu-li movlnebis Sesaxeb ixileT: http://www.gyla.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1303%3A2012-05-18-12-34-17&catid=1%3Alatest-news&Itemid=177&lang=ka

9 ix. Aghdgomelashvili and Japaridze v Georgia (aRd-gomelaSvili da jafariZe saqarTvelos winaaRm-deg), no 7224/11.

10 saqmis Sesaxeb meti informaciisaTvis ixileT: http://www.interights.org/aghdgome lashvili/index.html

11 ix. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 333-e muxli.

lgbt adamianTa mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi 5

samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobaSi micemis

CaTvliT (ra Tqma unda Tu iarsebebs neba),

Tumca lgbt pirebis mimarT siZulvilis

enis gamoyenebis winaaRmdeg brZola ufro

SezRuduli masStabiT, ZiriTadad mauwye-

belTa TviTregulirebis farglebSi xor-

cieldeba.12 aRniSnuls is ganapirobebs, rom

siZulvilis ena ar warmoadgens sisxlis

samarTlis wesiT dasjad danaSaulebriv

qmedebas, rac ar gamoricxavs siZulvilis

enis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqtiani strate-

giis SemuSavebasa da ganxorcielebas, ro-

melic ZiriTadad sazogadoebrivi cno-

bierebis amaRlebaze iqneba orientirebuli.

saqarTveloSi homoseqsualoba 2000 wli-

dan aris dekriminalizebuli, Tumca sisx -

lis samarTlis kodeqsis rigi muxlebi

kvla vac isea formulirebuli, rom homo-

seqsualobis marginalizacias da stigma-

tizacias axdens.13

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi moiZeb-

ne ba debulebebi, romlebic aweseben moT-

xovnebs/pirobebs, romlebic erTi SexedviT neitraluria, Tumca ne gati ur zegavlenas

axdens konkretul jgufebze. (e.w iribi

diskriminaciis SemTxveva)14 magaliTad patimrobis axali kodeqsis

Tanaxmad, xanmokle paemnis ufleba eZleva im pirsac, vinc patimarTan qorwinebaSi ar imyofeboda, Tumca am ukanasknelTan cxov-robda da eweoda saerTo meurneobas Tavi-suflebis aR kveTis dawesebulebaSi moxve-

12 ix. “mauwyebelobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanoni, mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi da Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia.

13 ix. magaliTad sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 138-e da 140-e muxlebi, romlebic TavianTi formuli-rebidan gamomdinare homoseqsualur sqesobriv kavSirs „gaukuRmarTebul seqsualur kontaqtTan“ aigiveben.

14 adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli sasamarT-los precedentuli samarTlis Tanaxmad: „rodesac zogad politikas an zomas koknkretuli jgufi-saTvis araproporciulad saziano Sedegi moaqvs, SesaZloa aRniSnuli diskriminaciad Ca iTvalos, imis miuxedavad, rom aRniSnuli politika Tu zoma ar iyo mimarTuli an gaTvlili im kokretul jgufze“

dramde bolo 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi.15 miuxe-davad imisa, rom TiTqos erTi SexedviT xanmokle paemnis maregulirebeli norma neitraluria, man realurad araproporci-ulad saziano Sedegi SeiZleba gamoiwvios lgbt wyvilebisaTvis. ra Tqma unda moce-muli normis moqmedeba uaryofiTad Sei-Zleba aisaxos registrirebul qorwinebaSi armyof heteroseqsual wyvilebzec, radgan bundovania romeli dokumenti SeiZleba CaiTvalos Tanacxovrebis damadastureb-lad da romelma organom unda gasces igi, magram faqtia, rom qveyanaSi arsebuli zogadi homohobiuri ganwyobis gaTval-iswinebiT aseTi dokumentis mopoveba lgbt wyvilebs ufro gauWirdebaT. rac Seexeba xangrZlivi paemnis uflebas, Sesabamisi mux-lis formulirebidan gamomdinare, aRniS-nuli uflebiT lgbt wyvilebi saerTod ar sargebloben.16

iribi diskriminaciis kidev erT magal-iTad SeiZleba dasaxeldes xarvezi saqa-rTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi, romlis mixed-viTac umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawese-bulebis mier diplomi SeiZleba gaices mxolod erTxel. aRniSnuli uaryofi-Tad aisaxeba im pirebze, vinc qirurgiu-li Carevis Sedegad sqesi Seicvala, rac dasaqmebis survilis SemTxvevaSi maT kidev ufro metad aqcevs diskriminaciis poten-ciur msxverplad. aRniSnuliT aseve uxeS-ad irRveva lgbt pirTa piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebac, radgan imis dasamtkiceblad, rom sqesSecvlili piri namdvilad diplomSi moxseniebuli piria, man saTanado uwyebas diplomTan erTad sasamarTlos mier gacemuli cnobac unda

warudginos.17

saerTod unda aRiniSnos, rom Tumca saqarTveloSi sqesis Secvlis servisebi

15 ix. patimrobis kodeqsis me-17 muxlis me-2 nawili.

16 ix. patimrobis kodeqsis me-172 muxlis me-2 nawili.

17 ix. damoukidebeli mkvlevaris ana nacvliSvilis kvleva seqsualuri orientaciis da genderuli identobis niSniT diskrimnaciaze, homofobiasa da transfobiaze, 2010 w. gv. 22, xelmisawvdomia Sem-deg bmulze: http://www.coe.int/t/commissioner/source/lgbt/georgialegal_e.pdf

6 diskriminaciis akrZalva lgbt pirebTan mimarTebiT: erovnuli kanonmdeblobis mimoxilva

xel misawvdomia, uSualod procesi sakanon-mdeblo doneze dauregulirebelia, rac diskriminaciuli praqtikis damkvidrebis safrTxes qmnis. rac metad bundovania ka-

noni, miT ufro meti sivrce rCeba TviTne-

bobisa da SerCeviTobisaTvis.18

saqarTvelos Sromis kanonTa kodeqsi im

gamonaklis normatiul aqtTa ricxvs ekuT-

vnis, romelic pirdapir krZalavs diskrimi-

nacias rogorc sqesis, ise seqsualuri ori-

entaciis safuZvelze.19 Tumca imis gaTval-

iswinebiT, rom diskriminaciis akrZalva mx-

olod SromiT urTierTobebze vrceldeba,

romelic saTanado piris samsaxurSi ayvanis

(xelSekrulebis dadebis) Semdeg iwyeba,

advili SesaZlebelia nebismieri piri dis-

kriminaciis msxverpli swored samsaxurSi

ayvanis procesSi gaxdes.20 aRniSnuli gan-

sakuTrebiT relevanturia lgbt pirebTan

mimarTebiT, romelTa dasaqmebaze uaris Tq-

mis realuri mizezi umetes SemTxvevaSi maTi

seqsualuri orientacia/genderuli iden-tobaa (faruli diskriminaciis SemTxveva).

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis Tanax-

mad ori piris mier Svilis ayvana mxolod

meuRleebis SemTxvevaSi aris SesaZlebeli.

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom meuRleebi mx-

olod sapirispiro sqesis mqone pirebi

SeiZleba iyvnen21, lgbt wyvilebi avtomatu-

rad gamoiricxebian erToblivad Svilis ay-

vanis uflebis mqone pirTa kategoriidan.

rac Seexeba erTi piris mier Svilis ayva-

nas, erTi SexedviT, samoqalaqo kodeqsis

18 termini “kanoni” xarisxobriv moTxovnebsac gu-lisxmobs, maT Soris kanonis xelmisawvdomobasa da winaswarganWvretadobas. ix. L. v. Lithuania (l. litvis winaaRmdeg), no 27527/03, judgment of 11 Sep-tember 2007.

19 ix. saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsis me-2 muxlis me-3 nawili. Tumca, mocemul debulebaSi gender-uli identoba rogorc diskriminaciis akrZalvis safuZveli naxsenebi ar aris.

20 ix. saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsis me-5 muxlis me-8 nawili, romlis mixedviTac „damsaqmebeli valdebuli ar aris daasabuTos Tavisi gadawyvetileba dasaqme-baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.“ SromiTi xelSekrulebis moSlsaTan dakavSirebiT,ix aseve 38-e muxli.

21 ix. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1106-e muxli.

1245-e muxlis formulirebidan gamomdin-

are, ar arsebobs SezRudva srulwlovani

lgbt pirisaTvis iyos mSvilebeli22, Tum-

ca qveyanaSi damkvidrebuli homofobiuri

ganwyobis gaTvaliswinebiT, arsebobs imis

safrTxe, rom meurveobis da mzrunvelobis

organom lgbt pirs „moraluri Tvisebebis“ gamo mSoblis funqciis ganxorcieleba ar

andos.23 meore mxriv, Tuki mxedvelobaSi mi-

viRebT im faqts, rom saqarTvelo evropis

sabWos wevri qveyana da evropuli konven-

ciis xelmomweria, seqsualuri orientaciis

niSniT martoxela mSoblisTvis Svilis ayva-

naze uaris Tqma konvenciiT nakisri valde-

bulebebis aSkara Seusrulebloba iqneba.24

aRsaniSnavia, rom Tuki gansxvavebuli

mopyroba gonivrul da obieqtur krite-

riumzea damyarebuli, igi ar warmoadgens

akrZalul diskriminacias. evropuli sa-

samarTlos precedentuli samarTlis Tanax-

mad, imisaTvis, rom gansxvavebul mopyrobas

gamarTleba moeZebnos: a) unda arsebobdes

diferencirebis arsebiTi safuZveli, b)

gansxvaveba unda emsaxurebodes kanonier

mizans da g) gamoyenebuli saSualeba dasax-

uli miznis proporciuli unda iyos.25 roca

gansxvavebas safuZvlad seqsualuri ori-

entacia udevs, gansakuTrebiT seriozuli

dasabuTeba unda arsebobdes26, am SemTxveva-

Si saxelmwifoebisaTvis miniWebuli diskre-

cia/Sefasebis farglebi (margin of appriciacion) aris viwro da proporciulobis principi

gulisxmobs, rom miRebuli zoma mocemul

22 ix. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1245-e muxli, romelic mSvileblobas mxolod im pirs ukrZalavs visac mSoblis ufleba-movaleobebi CamorTmeuli an Sez-Ruduli aqvs, aseve im pirs romelsac avadmyofo-bis an moraluri Tvisebebis gamo ar SeuZlia ganax-orcielos mSoblis uflebebi.

23 ix. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1242-e muxli

24 ix. E.B. v. France (i. bi. safrangeTis winaaRmdeg), no. 43546/02, judgment of 22.01.2008.

25 ix. Timishev v. Russia (timiSevi ruseTis winaaRmdeg), no. 55762/00 and 55974/00, judgment of 13.12.2005, § 57. ix. Rasmussen v. Denmark (rasmuseni daniis winaaRmdeg), no. 8777/79, judgment of 28.11.01.1984, § 38.

26 ix. Salgueiro da Silva Mouta v. Portugal, no. 33290/96, judg-ment of 21.12.1999, § 36.


garemoebebSi aucilebeli iyo.27

zemoaRniSnuli kriteriumebis gaT va-

liswinebiT, saqarTvelos Sromis, jan-

mrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis minis-

tris brZanebiT28 „homoseqsualobisTvis“, rogorc aiv/Sidsis risk-jgu fisaTvis da-

wesebuli blanketuri akrZalva sisxlis

do norobasTan dakavSirebiT yovlad gau-

marTlebelia, ra d gan akrZalva efuZneba

mxolod seq sualur orientacias da ara (sa-

risko) seqsualur qcevas.29

misasalmebelia „janmrTelobis dac-vis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis antidis-

kriminaciuli debuleba30, romelic sxva

safuZvlebTan erTad krZalavs pacientis

diskriminacias seqsualuri orientaciis an

piraduli uar yofiTi ganwyobis gamo, Tum-

ca Se maS foTebelia amave kanonSi Sesatani

cvlileba,31 romlis mixedviTac surogaci-

is servisiT sargeblobis ufleba mxolod

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloblobiT dadgeni-

li wesiT registrirebul qorwinebaSi myof

uSvilo wyvils SeeZleba. aRniSnuli, Tavis

mxriv, calsaxad gamorcxavs lesbi an gei

wyvilis surogaciis servisiT sargeblobis

SesaZleblobas.

2012 wlis 25 maisis cvlilebebamde kan-

onis TviTneburad da uTanasworod gamoy-

enebis sakmaod did safrTxes qmnida aseve

27 ix. Kozak v. Poland (kozaki poloneTis winaaRmdeg), no. 13102/02, judgment of 02.03.2010.

28 ix. 2000 wlis 5 dekembris brZaneba # 241/n. „sisx-lisa da misi komponentebis donorobis winaaRmdeg Cvenebis gansazRvris Sesaxeb“, ix. aseve 2007 wlis 27 seqtembris brZaneba „sisxlis gadasxmis dawe-sebulebebis funqcionirebisaTvis savaldebulo normativebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb“.

29 aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, 2012 wlis 10 ivliss, organizacia „identobam“ saqarTvelos sakon-stitucio sasamarTloSi sarCeli Seitana, romli-Tac gasaCivrebuli normebis arakonstituciurad cnobas iTxovs. organizacia miiCnevs, rom sxva muxlebTan erTad diskriminaciuli xasiaTis gamo, gasaCivrebuli normebi, konstituciis me-14 muxls ewinaaRmdegeba. meti informaciisaTvis ixileT: http://www.argumenti.ge/?p=1588

30 ix. me-6 muxlis pirvli punqti.

31 ix. saqarTvelos kanoni,,saqarTvelos zogierT sakanonmdeblo aqtSi cvlilebis Setanis Sesaxeb~, proeqti, registraciis # 07-3/639; 08.06.2012;

saqarTvelos kanoni personalur monacemTa

dacvis Sesaxeb,32 romelic sajaro da ker-

Zo dawesebulebebis mier gansakuTrebuli

kategoriis monacemebis 33 (maT Soris piris

sqesobrivi cxovrebis Sesaxeb informaciis)

damuSavebas34 iTvaliswinebs. yvelaze didi

safrTxis Semcveli iyo debuleba, romelic

kanonis Sesabamisad „mniSvnelovani saja-ro interesis“ dasacavad, gansakuTrebuli kategoriis mo nacemTa damuSavebas piris

Tanxmobis gareSe iTvaliswinebda.35 „mniS-vnelovani sajaro interesis“ definiciis ararsebobis pirobebSi, mocemuli debule-

ba qmnida sivrces TviTnebobisa da Tanam-

debobis borotad gamoyenebisaTvis.36 Sesa-

bamisad, kanonis me-6 muxlis 2012 wlis 25

maisis cvlilebebi da damatebebi xelisuf-

lebis mxridan win gadadgmuli nabijia dis-

kriminaciis prevenciisaTvis.

kanonmdeblobis zemoT mocemulma ana-

lizma cxadyo, rom Tumca gamonaklisi

SemTxvevebis garda kanonmdebloba lgbt

pirebTan mimarTebiT aSkarad diskrimi-

naciuli ar aris, zog SemTxvevaSi saTanado

normaTa bundovani formulirebis gamo da

zog SemTxvevaSi ama Tu im sakiTxis sakanon-

mdeblo regulaciis miRma datovebiT, gau-

marTlebeli gansxvavebuli mopyrobisTvis

kvlav didi sivrce arsebobs. aRniSnuls

emateba qarTul sazogadoebaSi lgbt

pirebTan mimarTebiT arsebuli uaryofiTi

winaswarganwyobebi, rac saboloo jamSi

Tavs diskriminaciul praqtikaSi iCens.

32 2011 wlis 28 dekemberi.

33 ix. iqve me-2 muxlis `b~ punqti.

34 ix. iqve `d~ punqti.

35 ix. iqve, me-6 muxli. (2012 wlis 25 maisis cvlilebe-bamde mdgomareobiT).

36 ix. saqarTveloSi lbt qalTa mdgomareobis am-saxveli Crdilovani angariSi CEDAW komitet-isTvis. `qalTa iniciativebis mxardamWeri jgufi“ (WISG), Tbilisi, 2012. gv.8. http://women.ge/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/WISG-LBT-CEDAW-shadow-report_geo.pdf

qveyanaSi arsebuli ekonomikuri da so

ciopolitikuri krizisi, rogorc wesi,

aZlierebs xolme sazogadoebaSi arsebul

fobiebs. arsebuli qsenofobiuri damokide

buleba eTnikuri, religiuri umcireso

bebisa Tu homoseqsualebis mimarT noyier

niadags qmnis sazogadoebrivi azris manipu

lirebisTvis. winasaarCevno teqnologiebi

potenciur amomrCevelTa molodinebis

garda socialuri fobiebis Seswavlagaan

alizebasac gulisxmobs. Zneli saTqmelia,

ramdenad srulyofilad floben an iyeneben

am teqnologiebs saqarTveloSi. Tumca, 2012

wlis winasaarCevno kampaniam naTlad dagva

naxa Tu rogori efeqti SeiZleba hqondes

kompromats, romelic sazogadoebaSi Rrmad

gamjdar SiSsa da siZulvils exeba. cixeSi

patimrebis damcirebis, cemis, seqsualuri

wamebis amsaxveli dokumenturi kadrebis

demonstrirebam televiziiT, ramac gadam

wyveti gavlena iqonia arCevnebis Sedegebze,

uamravi adamiani gamoiyvana quCaSi. sxva mniS

vnelovan faqtorebTan erTad (TavisTavad

Zaladoba patimrebze, ro gorc erTerT

yvelaze mowyvlad jguf ze, Tanac samarTal

damcavebis mxridan), im adamianebis nawilSi,

romelic saprotesto talRas SeuerTda, ma

makacze seqsualuri Zaladobis faqts erT

gvari kulturuli Sokis efeqti hqonda, rac

aisaxa kidec socialur qselebsa Tu protes

tis gamoxatvis sxva formebSi. n

homofobiuri siZulvilis enis kvlevis

TiTqmis 20-wliani gamocdileba saSualebas

gvaZlevs visaubroT garkveul dinamikaze

da mis kavSirze qveyanaSi mimdinare socio-

politikur movlenebTan.

lgbt sakiTxiT presis daintereseba

araTanmimdevrul xasiaTs atarebs. homo-

fobiuri siZulvilis enis gamoyenebis piki

emTxveva qveyanaSi mimdinare Zalauflebis

gadanawilebis procesebs. amasTan, aRniS-

nuli periodis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovnad

icvlebian homofobiuri siZulvilis enis

gamoyenebis ZiriTadi adresantebi. Sesabam-

isad, ic v leba konteqstic, romelSic ho-

moseqsualobac ganixileba da misi mobili-

zaciuri strategiebic, riTic xdeba homo-

seqsualobis problematizacia.

saqarTveloSi dRemde ar Catarebu-

la lgbt jgufis mimarT sazogadoebis

damokidebulebis siRrmiseuli kvleva. cal-

keuli kvlevebi, romlebic sxvadasxva Ri-

rebulebebTan/sakiTxebTan da jgufebTan

homofobiuri siZulvilis ena da politikuri procesebi saqarTveloSi

eka aRdgomelaSvili

8


mimarTebas da ganwyobaTa cvlilebis din-

amikas swavlobs (maT Soris homoseqsualTa

mimarT), ar iZleva homofobiis siRrmis an

formebze saubris saSualebas. Tumca, am

kvlevebis umetesoba gviCvenebs, rom saqa-

rTveloSi lgbt adamianebi dRemde rCebian

jgufad, romlis mimarTac sazogadoeba

yvelaze nakleb mimReobas amJRavnebs sxva

marginalizebul jgufebTan SedarebiT.37

garda amisa, 2003-2006 wlebSi Catarebuli

kvlevebi miuTiTebs homofobiuri ganwyobis

zrdis dinamikazec: 2003 wels „sazogadoe-brivi politikis institutis“ mier Catare-buli kvlevis mixedviT homoseqsualobis

mimarT gamokiTxulTa – 84%-ma negatiuri ganwyoba daafiqsira, 14%-s neitraluri damokidebuleba hqonda, 2%-s ki pozitiuri.38 2006 wlis gamokiTxvis SedegebiT, respo-

dentTa 81,4% acxadebda, rom ar imegobrebs homoseqsualebTan, xolo 71,4%-s ar surda homoseqsualTan erTad muSaoba39. CRRC-s mier 2009-2011 wlebSi Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena, rom bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi md-

gomareoba homoseqsualobasTan mimarTebaSi

didad ar Secvlila da im adamianTa ricxvi,

vinc homoseqsualobas miuReblad miiCnevs,

ucvleli rCeba _ 90%.40

1 pasuxad kiTxvaze, „ramdenad sasur velad migaC-niaT qvemoT CamoTvlili jgufebis Tqvens mezob-lad yofna“, Zalze arasasurvelad respodentTa yvelaze didma nawilma homoseqsualebi, Semdg ki narko manebi da fsiqikurad aramdgradi adamianebi Seafasa.“ n. sumbaZe. Taobebi da Rirebulebebi. sazogadoebrivi politikis instituti. Tbilisi. 2012.; hainrix biolis fondis samxreT kavkasiis ofisis kvlevam umciresobebis mimarT mosaxleobis ganwyobisa da damokidebulebis Sesaxeb aCvena, rom sxva umciresobaTa jgufebs Soris, yvelaze didi wnexis qveS swored lgbt jgufis adamianebi arian. hainrix biolis fondis samxreT kavkasiis ofisis kvleva umciresobebis mimarT mosaxleobis ganwyo-bisa da damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, ivnisi, 2011.

2 Sumbadze N., Tarkhan-Mouravi G., Transition to adulthood in Georgia: Dynamics of generational and gender roles in post-totalitarian society, Institute of Policy Studies. Tbilisi. 2003.

3 Caucasus Research Resource Center, Programme of Eurasia Foundation: Short Review of the Results of CRRC’s Data Initia-tive Survey – December 2006

4 evrokavSiris mimarT damokidebulebisa da codnis Se-faseba saqarTveloSi. kavkasiis kvleviTi resursebis centri (CRRC), evraziis TanamSromlobis fondi. 2011.

sazogadoebaSi lgbt jgufis mimarT

negatiuri ganwyobis zrdaze Tavad jgufis

wevrebic saubroben. 2012 wels Catarebuli

gamokiTxvis mixedviT, im adamianebis ri-

cx vi, vinc Tvlida, rom sazogadoebis

da mokidebuleba lgbt jgufis mimarT

aratolerantulia, 2006 welTan SedarebiT

57%-dan_78%-mde gaizarda41. evrosabWos wevr qveynebSi lgbt Temis/

jgufis mimarT gansxvavebuli damokideb-

uleba naTlad Cans rogorc saerTo evro-

pul42, ise nacionalur kvlevebSi. es gansx-

vavebuloba or mniSvnelovan aspeqts efuZne-

ba. pirveli aspeqti ukavSirdeba erovnul,

religiur da tradiciul faseulobebs gen-

deris, seqsualobisa da ojaxis sakiTxebTan

mimarTebaSi, xolo meore aspeqti _ sajaro

da privatuli sferos gansxvavebul aRqmas

da Sesabamisad, lgbt jgufis xilvadobas43.

genderis, seqsualobisa da ojaxis sa-

kiTxebTan mimarTebaSi, saqarTvelo Sei-

Zleba davaxasiaToT, rogorc Rrmad patri-

arqaluri kulturis mqone qveyana, masku-

linobisa da feminurobis koncefciebis

5 2006 wels fond inkluzivis mier Catarebuli kv-levis SedegebiT, lgbt jgufis warmomadgenelTa 57,5% sazogadoebis damokidebulebas afasebda, rogorc aratolerantuls, 24,2% Tvlida, rom sazogadoeba indiferentulia maT mimarT, 10% miiCnevda, rom sazogadoeba tolerantuli iyo (lgbt diskriminaciis kvleva saqarTveloSi. fondi inkluzivi. 2006. ). 2012 wels, „qalTa iniciativebis mxardamWeri jgufisa“ da organizacia „idento-bis“ erToblivma kvlevam aCvena, rom lgbt jgu-fis warmomadgenelTa Soris im adamianebis ricxvi, vinc Tvlis, rom sazogadoeba maT mimarT aratol-erantulia 78%-mde gaizarda. gamokiTxulTa 15% damokidebulebas afasebs, rogorc „ufro ara-tolerantuli, vidre tolerantuli“, 4% – „ufro tolerantuli, vidre aratolerantuli“, kiTxvas ar upasuxa gamokiTxulTa 3%-ma, xolo im adamian-ebis ricxvi, vinc sazogadoebis damokidebulebas afasebs, rogorc tolerantuls, 1%-ze naklebia. lgbt diskriminaciis kvleva saqarTveloSi. WISG.Tbilisi. 2012

6 ix. Eurobarometer 296 (2008), chapter 9; Eurobarometer 66 (2006), pp. 43-46; Eurobarometer 263 (2007); Eurobarometer 317 (2009); European Values Study (1999)

7 Discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity in Europe. 2nd edition. Council of Europe. 2011. http://www.coe.int/t/Commissioner/Source/LGBT/LGBTStudy2011_en.pdf

10

CaTvliT44. rogorc bolo wlebis media ana-

lizi aCvenebs, sakiTxis problematizacia

swored „qarTveloba/marTlmadidebloba/tradiciebis“ konceptis farglebSi xdeba.

rac Seexeba sajaro sivrceSi lgbt jgu-

fis xilvadobas, sajaro sivrceSi lgbt

adamianebis gamoCena avtomaturad aRiqmeba,

rogorc „homoseqsualobis propaganda“. sajaro sivrcis purifikacia lgbt adami-

anebisagan dRemde rCeba erT-erT mTavar

mobilizaciur strategiad, romelsac aq-

tiurad mi marTaven rogorc religiuri or-

ganizaciebis45, ise calkeuli politikuri

Zalebis warmomadgenlebi46.

mediaSi homoseqsualobasTan dakavSire-

buli sakiTxebis gaSuqebis Sefasebis Tval-

sazrisiT bolo 20-wliani periodi Segvi-

Zlia ramdenime periodad davyoT.

homoseqsualobaze sajaro saubari qar-

Tulenovan media sivrceSi mxolod 90-iani

wlebis bolos daiwyo. sabWoTa periodSi

araTu „gansxvavebul“ seqsualur qcevaze/identobaze, aramed kulturis mier daS-

vebul seqsualobaze saubaric ki mkacrad

iyo reglamentirebuli da mkacr ideolo-

giur kontrols eqvemdebareboda. sabWoTa

reJimis mier Seqmnili miTi homoseqsualo-

8 Study on Homophobia, Transphobia and Discrimination on. Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. Sociological Report: Georgia. COWI. 2011.

9 `ra Tqma unda, kategoriulad miuRebelia aseTi adamianebis ekranze gamoCena. ise gamohyavT es ada-mianebi, rom sacodavebi arian da Cven maT mimarT sibraluli unda gagviCndes. araviTar SemTxveva-Si! ki ar unda wavaxalisoT da taSi davukraT maT qmedebebs, sazogadoeba imaze unda msjelobdes, Tu rogor bedavs aseTi adamiani, rom Tavisi maxin-ji seqsualuri orientacia sazogadoebis dasanaxi gaxados da am qmedebas reklama gaukeTos.~ `mama miqaeli: `baris~ monawileebi da avtorebi saSin-lad daisjebian~. avtori rusudan advaZe. Jurnali `sarke~. 24-30 oqtomberi, 2007 w.

10 ix. magaliTad „qristian-demokratTa“ lideris gamosvla(22 maisis gamosvla parlamentSi sakon-stitucio cvlilebebTan dakavSirebiT) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yflbSWF-K8&feature=plcp an „Tavisuf-ali saqarTvelos“ winasaarCevno klipi, sadac wina-saarCevno dapirebas „avkrZalavT homoseqsualobi-sa da seqtebis aRviraxsnil propagandas“ fonad 17 maiss, aidahosadmi miZRvnili msvlelobis kadrebi adevs fonad. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9HZIjogcIc

bis dasavluri warmoSobis Sesaxeb, sxva sab-

Wour miTebTan erTad, inerciiT sakmaod

didxans gagrZelda da seqsualobaze tabus

moxsnis Semdegac, 90-iani wlebis qarTule-

novan presaSi homoseqsualoba swored am

konteqstSi ganixileboda. termini homose-

qsuali pirvelad Sidsisa da prostituciis

TemasTan dakavSirebiT gamoCnda qarTul

presaSi. momdevno wlebSi, 1998 wlamde,

statiebis umetesobaSi sityva „homoseqsu-ali“ mxolod sazRvargareT moRvawe Sou-biznesis warmomadgenelTa Sesaxeb ucxouri

presidan gadmobeWdil masalebSi gvxvdeba.

amgvari meTodi „gansxvavebuli“ seqsualo-bisagan distancirebis erT-erT meqanizms

warmoadgens. aRniSnul informaciebSi Zi-

riTadad neitraluri ganwyoba an msubuqi

ironiaa. amgvari ganwyobis Camoyalibebas

swored sakiTxis distancireba uwyobs xels

_ „sadRac dasavleTSi“ mcxovreb adamian-ebze da homoseqsualobaze abstraqtuli

msjelobani safrTxes ar uqmnis respodent-

Ta seqsualuri identurobis gancdas.

1998 wlidan nel-nela iwyeba homoseq-

sualis/homoseqsualobis, rogorc „ucxos“ transformacia „avadmyof“ „Cvenad“. ho-moseqsualobis „paTologizaciis“ pro-cesma, romelic mediaSi mogvianebiT jer

„socialur deviaciad“, Semdeg ki „cod-vad“ gadaiqca, romelic „safrTxes uqmnis erovnul TviTmyofadobasa da tradiciebs“, kidev ufro gaamyara sazogadoebaSi arse-

buli homofobiuri ganwyobebi.47 amave peri-

odidan iwyeba Temis politizaciac.

homofobiis pirveli piki mediaSi 1998-2003

wlebSi SeiniSneba da moqalaqeTa kavSirSi

ganxeTqilebis paralelurad ufro da ufro

Zlierdeba. qarTul politikaSi liberaluri

diskusis SemotanasTan erTad, homoseqsua-

lobis Temas politikuri datvirTva eZleva.

Zlierdeba agresia iehovas mowmeebis winaaR-

mdeg, media gajerebulia armenofobiuri gam-

11 e. aRdgomelaSvili. homoseqsualobis reprezenta-cia qarTulenovan mediaSi. 2006. http://women.ge/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/media-analysis_homopho-bia_un.pdf



onaTqvamebiT. seqsualuri orientacia, aRm-

sareblobasa da eTnikur mikuTvnebulobas-

Tan erTad, politikuri oponentis „diskred-itirebis“ yvelaze gavrcelebuli meTodi xdeba. am mxriv gansakuTrebuli aqtiurobiT

maSindeli saparlamento fsevdoopozicia

fraqcia „aRorZineba“ gamoirCeva. lideris kvaldakval48, fraq ciis wevrebic Riad akeTe-

ben faSistur gancxadebebs:

`me, simarTle giTxra, gulis siRrmeSi SeiZleba didi siamovnebiT daveTanxmo adolf gitlers, romelmac ramdenime gemi gagzavna zRvaSi da CaZira, sadac garkveuli adamianebi iyvnen Tavmoy-rilni. amave dros ver gaviziareb imas, rom parlamentSi mogvdis evrosabWodan rekomendaciebi, rom yvelanairad xeli SevuwyoT homoseqsualistebs. da es iyo ramdenimejer gamogzavnili. me vT-vli, rom sakanonmdeblo baza unda iqnas miRebuli, romliTac am adamianebs Cau-tardebaT iZulebiTi mkurnaloba da Tu ar ganikurnebian, maSin....~49.

paralelurad iqmneba miTi „cisferTa SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb“, romlebic xelisufle-baSi mosvlas gegmaven. kvlav aqtualuria

sabWoTa miTi homoseqsualobis dasavluri

„warmomavlobis“ Sesaxeb. yovelive aman Sesa-Zlebeli gaxada homoseqsualobis konceptis

xelovnuri „mibma“ dasavlur, liberalur RirebulebebTan da im konkretul politi-

kur jgufTan, romelic swored am faseu-

lobebze apelirebda xelisuflebaSi mosv-

lis periodSi. homoseqsualobis warmoCenam,

rogorc safrTxisa, romelic „gadagvarebiT emuqreba qarTvel ers“ da „ewinaaRmdegeba qarTul tradiciebsa da marTlmadideblo-

bas“, politikuri konteqsti SeiZina.

`aratradiciuli seqsi~ xom yovelgva ri tradiciulis rRvevis sawyisi da aucile-beli pirobaa, xelisuflebaSi am gvar `aratradicionalistTa~ mosvliT ki qvey-

12 „kamboja wiTelma kxmerebma walekes, saqarTvelo ki _ cisferebma“. afxazeTis xma. #29. 20–26 iv-lisi, 2001 w. „aslan abaSiZe ukanaskneli ZaliT utevs Tbiliss JvaniasTvis gamzadebuli savarZlis mosaxsnelad“.

13 sandro bregaZe. tv. „mze“, 2003 w. 4 ivlisi.

nis erovnuli cnobierebisa da TviTmyo-fadobis SenarCuneba-ganmtkicebas esmeba jerjerobiT SeumCneveli wertili...~50

presaSi erTmaneTis miyolebiT Cnde-

ba statiebi myvirala saTaurebiT: „saqa-rTvelos homoseqsualistebi marTaven“, „miuxedavad imisa, rom „cisferebi“ ar mrav-ldebian, isini sakmaod momravldnen“, „cis-feridan – Savamde... politikuri palitra“, „metakune evropeli vaJkacebi“, „xalxis mtrebi, sukis agentebi da... pederastebi“.

2005-2006 wlebis media analizma aCvena,

rom „vardebis revoluciis“ Semdeg panika „cisferTa SeTqmulebis“ Sesaxeb Cacxra. statiebma homoseqsualebis/homoseqsualo-bis Sesaxeb seriozuli gamocemebis pirve-

li gverdebidan nel-nela „yviTeli pre-sis“ furclebze gadainacvla.51 Temis de-politizaciis kvaldakval mediis dain-

tereseba lgbt sakiTxebiT sagrZnoblad

Seicvala, rac aisaxa ara mxolod statiebis

tonze, aramed raodenobazec.52

Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT, 2006 wlis moni-

toringis mixedviT, masalebis 65% negati-ur Sinaarss atarebeda, 35% _ neitralurs. Tanafardoba negatiur, neitralur da poz-

itiur Sefasebebs Soris mkveTrad Seicva-

la 2007 wels (negatiuri – 86%, pozitiuri – 21%, neitraluri – 4%). neitralur Se-fasebaTa procentuli maCveneblis klebis

xarjze mkveTrad negatiuri/pozitiuri xa-siaTis SefasebaTa mateba, erTi mxriv, Sei-

14 i. goreliSvili. „dRevandeli saqarTvelo mavne airiT gaberili buStia, romelic CrdiloeTsa da dasavleTs Soris saxifaTod farfatebs“. gazeTi „meridiani“. #44/2. 17.01.2001.

15 e. aRdgomelaSvili. „seqsualur orientacias Tan/genderul identobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiT-xebis gaSuqeba mediaSi“ (noemberi, 2011). mediis ganviTarebis fondi. http://www.mdfgeorgia.ge/index.php?menuid=16&lang=1&id=78

16 „mediis mravalferovnebis institutis“ mier 2004-2006 wlebSi Catarebulma kvlevam, romelic samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis sakiTxs swavlobda, aCvena, rom sxva jgufebTan SedarebiT, seqsualuri umciresobis sakiTxebi yvelaze naklebad Suqdeboda samive qvey-nis mediis mier. Media Diversity Institute, Press Coverage of Minority Groups in the South Caucasus, 2004-06;

12

Zleba ukavSirdebodes lgbt jgufis xil-

vadobis gazrdas. meore mxriv ki asaxavs im

politikur da socio-kulturuli movle-

nebis dasawyissac, romelic dRes qveyana-

Si xdeba. SefasebaTa amgvari gadanawileba

erTgvarad aireklavs krizisuli periodis-

aTvis damaxasiaTebel faseulobaTa da Ri-

rebulebaTa polarizaciis process53.

moraluri panikis meore talRa media-

Si 2007 wels SeiniSneba, rodesac gazeTma

„aliam“ gaavrcela informacia TbilisSi „dagegmili“ gei-praidis Catarebis Taobaze. realurad saqme exeboda evropis sabWos

mier dagegmil aqcias „yvela gansxvavebu-li, yvela Tanaswori“, romelSic monawil-eobas lgbt organizacia fondi „inkluz-ivic“ iRebda. mediis mier gavrcelebuli araswori informaciis gamo, sazogadoebis

didma nawilma es aqcia gei-praidis mowyo-

bis mcdelobad aRiqva. unda aRiniSnos, rom

2007 wlis ganmavlobaSi „aliam“ ramdenjerme gamoaqveyna imave Sinaarsis statia, Tumca,

sasurvel mizans (aJiotaJis Seqmnas Temis

garSemo) mxolod maSin miaRwia, rodesac

Jurnalistma arapirdapiri gziT qveynis xe-

lisufleba „daadanaSaula“ miTiuri aRlu-mis mxardaWeraSi:

`araoficialuri informaciiT, saa ka-Svilis mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebiT, Tbi-lisSi grandiozuli gei-paradi Catarde-ba.. ise, TbilisSi putins das cinodnen, roca moskovSi geebis Tavyriloba daar-bia – seqsualuri umciresobis uflebebs arRvevso.. vnaxoT, gaxdeba Tu ara Tavad saakaSvili dacinvis sagani~.54

gazeTis mier agorebulma isteriam nel-

nela sxva forma miiRo. TemiT spekulireba

ukve opoziciurma politikurma Zalebma da

calkeulma religiurma jgufebma daiwyes55.

17 e.aRdgomelaSvili. homoseqsualobis repr ezen-tacia qarTulenovan mediaSi. 2006. http://women.ge/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/media-analysis_homopho-bia_un.pdf

18 i.mamalaZe. `pederastebi TbilisSi paradisTvis emza-debian“. gazeTi „alia“. # 82, 17-18 ivlisi, 2007 w.

19 „mjera, rom es idea kancelariidan modis. homoseq-sualebis aRlumi arsebuli reJimis mieraa dagegmi-

2007 wlidan, gamogonili gei-paradebiT

sazogadoebis „daSineba“, xelisuflebis „dadanaSauleba/gafrTxileba“ da antigei msvlelobebis mowyoba erTgvar tradiciad

iqca. xelisuflebas, romelsac Tavis mxriv,

liberaluri diskursis monopoliaze hqon-

da pretenzia, myarad daukavSirda „anti-erovnuli, antimarTlmadidebluri“ pozi-ciis mqone politikuri Zalis imiji, raSic

didi roli iTamaSa homofobiurma ganwyo-

bebma sazogadoebaSi.

`mas Semdeg, rac xelisuflebaSi saakaS-vilis fsevdoliberali da fsevdode-mokrati xelisufleba movida, CvenSi erTob momravldnen, momZlavrdnen da gaTamamdnen buCqebSi SemZvrali ped-erastebi. egreT wodebuli cisferebi, romlebmac erTi periodi TbilisSi ho-moseqsualebis aRlumis gamarTvac ki moindomes...56

Tuki 1999-2003 wlebSi, homoseqsualobis

„problemad“ qcevas met-naklebad racional-uri argumentebiT cdilobdnen (mag. arsebuli

homofobiuri mosazrebebis gasamyareblad

media misTvis sasurvel eqspertebsa da spe-

cialistebs mimarTavda). 2007-2011 wlebSi „gan-sxvavebuli“ seqsualobis problematizaci-isaTvis sakmarisad miiCneoda „SeuTavsebloba/ winaaRmdegoba qarTul da marTlmadideblur

tradiciebTan“57. diskursis amgvari cvla

li, vinaidan maT asec surT, msofliosa da evrosab-Wos moaCvenon, saqarTveloSi demokratia viTardeba da adamianis uflebebi daculiao, sanacvlod ki iqi-dan grantebi miiRon.“ m. xorguaSvili. „feradovani aRlumi TbilisSi? es idea kancelariidan modiso“. gazeTi „saqarTvelos respublika“, #140. 21.07.2007.; „es aris prezident saakaSvilis mowyobili aqcia, radgan mis reJimSi aris bevri gaurkveveli sqesisa da orientaciis adamiani da amgvari „paradis“ Catarebas prezidentTan erTad isinic lobireben…“. gazeTi „alia“. #83(2056). 19–20.07.2007.

20 j. xubua. „miSas omsterdami“. gazeTi „asaval-dasavali“, 2009 wlis 3-9 agvisto, # 31 (776).

21 2010 wels, evrosabWos saparlamento asambleis mier lgbt uflebebTan dakavSirebuli rezolu-ciis ganxilvis win, sxvadasxva religiurma gaer-Tianebebma saqarTveloSi erToblivi gancxadeba gaavrceles: ,,igegmeba ,,seqsualuri orientaciis niadagze diskriminaciisa da sqesis identifikaciis” kanonproeqtis ganxilva, romelic homoseqsualiz-mis, biseqsualizmisa da sxva seqsualuri gadaxrebis



uSualo kavSirSia eklesiis, rogorc social-

uri institutis, gavlenis zrdasa da qveyanaSi

mimdinare politikur procesebSi mis aqtiur

CarevasTan58.

diskursze gavlenas axdens qveyanaSi ar-

sebuli politikuri kulturac: sabWoTa

kavSiris avtoritaruli reJimis sakmaod

calsaxa da gamokveTili damokidebuloba

gansxvavebulobisadmi yvelafris unifici-

rebis mcdelobaSi gamoixateboda. gansx-

vavebuloba aRiqmeboda ara rogorc mraval-

ferovnebis gamoxatuleba, aramed rogorc

saxelmwifos monoliTurobis, sazogadoe-

bis homogenurobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli

safrTxe. samwuxarod, amgvari diskursi

dResac aqtualuria Cvens politikur

sivrceSi, rac „ucxos“ realuri Sinaarsis artikulaciisaTvis sakmaod mwir SesaZle-

blobas iZleva. avtoritaruli reJimisaT-

vis damaxasiaTebeli sakmaod calsaxa da

gamokveTili negatiuri damokidebuleba

gansxvavebulobisa da mravalferovnebis

legalizebas gulis xmobs. amave sesiaze gamotanili iqneba dokumenti, romelic aborts warmogvidgens, rogorc qalis uflebasa da ojaxis dagegmvis saSualebas... SeuZlebelia, evropa, romelic uZvelesi qristianuli samyaros nawils warmoadgens da rom-lis kulturac mTlianad religiuri niSniT aris ganmsWvaluli, evrosabWos maRali tribunidan xmas aZlevdes iseTi movlenis Cveulebriv normad qce-vas, rogoric aris seqsualuri gadaxrebi. homose-qsualizmi, biseqsualizmi da sxva msgavsi qmedebani ara marto qristianobaSi, aramed yvela tradiciul religiaSi udides codvad aris miCneuli, radgan igi adamianis gadagvarebas, mis sulier da fizikur daavadebebs iwvevs“. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos, saqarTveloSi wmida saydris sadespanos, saqarT-veloSi somxuri samociqulo eklesiis eparqiia, qveyanaSi mTavari rabinis movaleobis Semsrulebis da sruliad kavkasiis muslimanTa sammarTvelos sruluflebiani warmomadgenlis erToblivi gan-cxadeba. 29 ianvari, 2010

22 miuxedavad imisa, rom religiuri organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi adresantTa yvelaze mcirericxo-van jgufs warmoadgenen, diskriminaciuli da Seura-cxmyofeli terminologiis gamoyenebis sixSiris TvalsazrisiT swored isini lideroben. maTi mobi-lizaciuri strategiebi ZiriTadad sajaro sivrcis „codvisagan ganwmendisken“ aris mimarTuli. amgvari strategiis saboloo benefiti simboluri Zalau-flebis mopovebaa, raTa gazardon sakuTari gavle-nis sfero e. aRdgomelaSvili. “ideologiuri homo-fobia”. Jurnali “solidaroba“. 2009 №3(30). http://tolerantoba.ge/tolerantoba_jurnali/30.pdf

mimarT, rogorc sazogadoebis erTiano-

bis, monoliTurobis winaaRmdeg mimarTu-

li safrTxisadmi, sakmaod sicocxlisu-

nariani aRmoCnda. winasaarCevno procesSi

swored umravlesobis saxeliT laparaki

da „ucxos“, „gansxvavebulis“ mtris xatad qceva warmoadgens politikuri jgufebis

mTavar strategias.

wina arCevnebze xelisuflebisaTvis

amgvari „mtris“ rols teritoriuli „ucxo“, ruseTi asrulebda, romelic emuqreboda

qveynis mTlianobas, ekonomikur keTil-

dReobasa da politikur usafrTxoebas. Ses-

abamisad, politikuri oponentebis markire-

bac „moRalateebad“ da „ruseTis agentebad“ amave diskursSi xdeboda.

Tavis mxriv, opoziciuri Zalebi xelisu-

flebisagan negatiuri xatis SeqmniT cdi-

lobdnen eleqtoratis mobilizacias. opozi-

ciis erTi nawilis mier kontrdiskursiuli

propaganda „qarTveloba-marTlmadidebloba-tra di ciebis“ garSemo trialebs. politi-kuri oponentis/oponentebis markireba ho-moseqsualad, dadanaSauleba homoseqsualo-

bis propagandaSi am SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba

erTi mxriv, rogorc gamaZlierebeli efeqti

xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTagan „ucxos“ konstru irebis procesSi da meore mxriv – „uc xosagan“ momavali safrTxis generalize-bisaTvis, romelic mTel qveyanas emuqreba59.

miuxedavad imisa, rom raodenobrivi

maCveneblebis TvalsazrisiT TemiT dain-

tereseba ganuxrelad izrdeba, politikuri

da socialuri krizisis axali talRis para-

lelurad, 2008-2011 wlebSi Sefasebis dinami-

ka TiTqmis ar Secvlila (pozitiuri meryeobs

6%-dan 8%-mde, neitraluri _ 16%-dan 22%-mde, negatiuri ki – 60%-dan 70%-mde). masa-lebis Tvisobrivi analizi gviCvenebs, rom

amis mizezi isev Temis politizaciaSi unda

veZeboT: homoseqsualobasTan dakavSirebuli

23 e.aRdgomelaSvili. seqsualur orientaciasTan/gen derul identobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqeba mediaSi (maisi, 2011). mediis ganviTa-rebis fondi. http://www.mdfgeorgia.ge/index.php? menuid=16&lang=1&id=54

14

sakiTxebiT manipulacia da misi gamoyeneba

politikuri oponentebis markirebisaTvis

winasaarCevno periodSi iseve aqtualuri iyo,

rogorc 1999-2003 wlebSi60.

2012 wels, aidahos dRisadmi miZRvnili

msvleloba religiurma jgufebma CaSales,

rasac saerTaSoriso rezonansi mohyva. am-

jerad gancxadebebi parlamentis tribuni-

danac gakeTda. qristian-demokratiuli

moZraobis liderma, romelmac parlaments

sakonstitucio cvlilebebis paketi warud-

gina, aqcia Seafasa rogorc „Zalian Sors ga-miznuli da mniSvnelovani movlenis dasawyi-

si, romlis saboloo Sedegi unda iyos saqa-rTveloSi homoseqsualobis, mamaTmavlobis, garyvnilobis, gaxrwnilobis, gaukuRmarTe-buli cxovrebis wesis moraluri da samar-

Tlebrivi legalizacia“. saparlamento um-ravlesobis wevrebma pirvelad daafiqsires

sakuTari pozicia homofobiuri siZulvilis

enis mimarT: „qristian–demokratebis“ mier SemoTavazebuli winadadeba antikonsti-

tuciurad, Tavad partiis lideris gamos-

vla ki homofobiurad Seafases.61

dRes parlamentSi umravlesobis saxiT

warmodgenili yofili opoziciis wevrebs

Soris mravlad arian politikosebi, rom-

lebic wlebis manZilze aRvivebdnen da Riad

gamoxatavdnen homofobiur ganwyobebs.

darCeba Tu ara umciresobaTa sakiTxebi

da antiqsenofobiuri diskursi (Tundac

deklarirebis doneze) politikuri mein-

strimis nawilad, amas momavali gviCvenebs.

dResdReobiT ki sakiTxi isev rCeba poli-

tikuri spekulaciebis sagnad.

24 iqve.

25 „qdm sakonstitucio cvlilebebis iniciativiT gamodis lgbt-is aqtivobebis Semdeg“. portali Civil Georgia, Tbilisi / 22 mai.’12. http://www.civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=25490


ra ganapirobebs Zlier negatiur ganwyobas

lgbt adamianebis mimarT saqarTveloSi? ris

safuZvelze xdeba aseTi ganwyobebis Senar

Cuneba? ratom ar xdeba farTo sazogadoebis

mier homofobiis, rogorc socialuri prob

lemis, aRiareba?

mocemuli statia pasuxis gacemis mcdelo

baa aq dasmul kiTxvebSi arsebuli konteqs

tis gaTvaliswinebiT. SevecdebiT gavaanal

izoT qarTul sazogadoebaSi arsebuli

koleqtiuri uaryofiTi damokidebuleba

lgbt adamianebis mimarT im kulturuli da

socialuri faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

romlebic xels uwyobs farTod gavrcele

buli homofobiisa da transfobiis Camoya

libebasa da SenarCunebas sazogadoebriv

doneze. statiaSi aqcenti gakeTdeba homo

seqsualebis mimarT damokidebulebaze,

radgan uflebaTa sakiTxebi sxvadasxvanair

zegavlenas axdens gei, lesbosel, biseqsual

da transgender adamianebze. miuxedavad maT

mimarT arsebuli diskriminaciuli ganwyo

bisa, TiToeul jgufs Tavisi specifika aqvs

da am specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT sxvadasxva

midgomas moiTxovs. homoseqsualoba, gansa

kuTrebiT mamakacuri homoseqsualoba, dRes

CvenTan yvelaze met safrTxed aris aRqmuli.

Sesabamisad homofobiuri diskursis samizne

yvelaze metad swored isini arian. amitomac,

am statiaSi konkretulad geebisa da les

boselebis mimarT arsebul ganwyobas gavaan

alizebT. n

saqarTvelo evrosabWos qveynebs Soris

erT-erTi yvelaze homofobiuri qveyanaa.

amasve mowmobs arsebuli adgilobrivi Tu

saerTaSoriso kvlevebic. marTalia, mizani

ar yofila mxolod lgbt jgufis mimarT

arsebuli ganwyobebis siRrmiseuli kvleva, magram es saSualebas iZleva zogadi tenden-ciebis warmodgenisaTvis. 2003 wels saqa-rTveloSi Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT gamokiTxulTa 84%-ma gamoavlina mkveTrad uaryofiTi damokidebuleba homoseqsu-alebis mimarT1. 2006 wels monacemi didad ar Secvlila. amjerad respodentTa 81,4%-ma daafiqsira uaryofiTi azri. 2009-2011 wlebSi kavkasiis kvlevisa da resurscentris mier Catarebuli gamokiTxvebis mixedviT, ganwyoba homoseqsualebTan mimarTebaSi ar Secvlila. piriqiT, homoseqsualoba miuRe-blad CaTvala gamokiTxulTa 90%-ma.

1 Quinn S. “Forced Out: LGBT People in Georgia”, ILGA Europe/COC Netherlands, 2007. p.26

homofobia: socio-kulturuli garemo saqarTveloSi

TamTa melaSvili

15

16

miuxedavad imisa, rom homofobia indi-vidualur doneze ZiriTadad winaswargan-wyobebze da crurwmenebze dafuZnebuli iracionaluri da gaucnobierebeli SiSia homoseqsuali adamianebis mimarT, koleqti-ur doneze igi sakmaod gaazrebuli da, Sesa-Zloa, dagegmili qmedebac iyos. aseT SemTx-vevebSi individualuri winaswarganwyobebi xSirad ikveTeba dominantur kulturul da ideologiur SexedulebebSi zogadad homoseqsualobaze. amis Sesaxeb diskurss, rogorc wesi, mediasTan erTad da misi gam-oyenebiT Zalauflebis mqone instituciebi qmnian. saqarTveloSi aseTi institucia, pirvel rigSi, marTlmadidebeli eklesiaa.

miiCneva, rom sazogadoebaSi homofobiis xarisxze ramdenime mniSvnelovani socio-kulturuli faqtori axdens zegavlenas. cnobilia, rom jgufuri siZulvilis gamov-lineba gansakuTrebiT Zlierdeba social-uri krizisebis dros. aseT dros advilia moraluri panikis danergva xiluli Tu uxilavi mtris xatis Seqmnis fonze. aseTi mteri saqarTveloSi, jer kidev sabWoTa xanaSi, „pidarasti“ gaxda, romelic erTi mxriv mamakacur homoseqsualobas, meore mxriv ki ucxos, saxifaTos, aratradiciuls da mtruls gauTanabrda2. homofobia sab-WoTa kavSirSi ideologia iyo, homoseqsua-loba ki dasjadi. postsabWoTa periodSi am ideologiam gamoxatulebis ufro agresi-uli forma SeiZina. siZulvili homoseqsu-alebis mimarT ufro aSkara da sagrZnobi gaxda. saqarTveloSi, misi damoukide-blobis mopovebis dRidan, male gaCnda ho-mofobiiT gajerebuli „SeTqmulebis Teor-iebi“, romelic dResac warmatebulia qar-Tul politikur diskursSi. „pidarasti“ mteri gadagvarebuli, araqarTveli gaxda, romelmac sakuTar samSoblos, tradiciebsa da erovnebas uRalata. sabWourma miTma ho-moseqsualobis dasavluri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb homoseqsualoba dasavlur liber-alur Rirebulebebs gauTanabra, rac, Ta-

2 giorgi maisuraZe „dakarguli konteqstebi“ bakur sulakauris gamocmemloba, 2012. gv. 105.

vis mxriv, safrTxe gaxda qarTuli erovnu-li TiTmyofadobisTvis. aman homofobias politikuri konteqsti SesZina. aRsaniSna-via, rom msgavsi damokidebuleba erisa Tu saxelmwifos specifikuri gagebidan iRebs saTaves, romlis mixedviTac nacia aucile-blad homogenuria. mas Tavisi dawerili Tu dauwereli moraluri kanoni da wesrigi aqvs, romelsac yvela unda daemorCilos. homoseqsualebi ki am wesrigis damrRvevebad gvevlinebian. homoseqsualisgan mtris xa-tis SeqmnaSi, mis marginalizebasa da zoga-dad, homofobiuri ganwyobebis gavrcele-baSi dRes gansakuTrebul rols, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, eklesia TamaSobs, romelic saxifaTod Zlieri da mzardad gavleniani instituciaa. saeklesio homofobiuri dis-kursi, umeteswilad, iyenebs bibliisa da zogadad, religiis araswor interpretire-bas da permanentulad mouwodebs sazoga-doebas homoseqsualTa marginalizaciisken. xSirad da warmatebiT xdeba demografiuli sakiTxiT manipulireba im azris gavrcele-biT, rom erTsqesiani wyvilebi, isedac mcirericxovan ers, gadagvarebiT da ga-nadgurebiT emuqrebian.

garda amisa, im qveynebSi (maT Soris saqa-rTveloSic), sadac homoseqsualoba didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iyo kriminalizebuli, gaCnda lgbt adamianebis damnaSaveebTan3 gaTanabrebis tendencia, rac maT Semdgom stigmatizacias kidev ufro uwyobda xels. qarTul homofobiur diskursSi aseve xSirad xdeba geebisa da lesboselebis avadmyofebT-an gaigiveba, Tumca, msoflio jandacvis or-ganizaciam homoseqsualoba daavadebaTa si-idan jer kidev 1990 wels amoiRo. qarTuli sazogadoebis mier lgbt adamianebis avad-myofebad da damnaSaveebad miCnevas mxolod arainformirebuloba ar ganapirobebs. aq sxva faqtoric moqmedebs _ saSualo statis-tikuri qarTvelisTvis misi saeklesio moZR-vari ufro didi avtoritetia, vidre kanoni,

3 Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Europe. 2nd edition, Council of Europe Publishing p.23



an msoflio jandacvis organizacia. Sesabam-isad, marTlmadidebluri eklesiis warmomad-genlis, umetes SemTxvevaSi, dausabuTebeli, ZaladobiTa da siZulviliT gajerebuli, sakuTar fobiebze agebuli damokidebuleba lgbt adamianebTan mimarTebaSi, mrevlis mier upirobo WeSmaritebad miiReba, rac Semd-gomSi, mis ukidures homofobiur ganwyobas badebs da/an axalisebs.

tradiciiTa da tradiciuli Rirebulebe-biT manipulireba, amave tra diciebze orien-tirebul sazogadoebebSi, mxolod homofo-biuri diskursiT ar xdeba. tradiciuli Ri-rebulebebi aseve kveTs sazogadoebis mier zogadad genderisa da seqsualobis gagebas. am kuTxiT lgbt adamianebi aRiqmebian, ro-gorc normatiuli sazRvrebis damrRvevebi, sadac sazogadoeba erTgvari genderuli policiis rols asrulebs da mtkiced aqvs gansazRvruli moTxovnebi da molodine-bi namdvili qalisa da namdvili mamakacis mimarT. aseT SemTxvevebSi qaluroba da ma-makacuroba bunebriv mocemulobad aRiqmeba, aseve „bunebrivia“ maTi heteroseqsualobac. Sesabamisad, arsebobs erTmaneTisgan mkve-Trad gansxvavebuli „bunebrivad“ mamakacuri da „bunebrivad“ qaluri Tvisebebi. iseT pa-triarqalur da maskulinur kulturebSi, rogoric qarTulia, ra Tqma unda, upiratesi mamakacuri Tvisebebia. homoseqsuali ki, ro-melic im Tvisebebis matareblad aRiqmeba, romelic kodirebulia rogorc qaluri, namdvili mamakaci aRar aris. igi deviantia, devalvirebuli da saxifaToc, radgan is ma-makacurobisa da mamakacobis bunebriobas, mis bunebrivad heteroseqsualobas Tavisi arsebobiT eWvqveS ayenebs. amitom miiCneva, rom seqsizmi, heteroseqsizmi da homofobia ganuyofelia. amerikel sociologs maikl kimels homofobiasTan dakavSirebiT gan-sxvavebuli da saintereso mosazreba aqvs. is miiCnevs, rom homofobia ara imdenad gei mamakacebis SiSia, ramdenadac zogadad, sxva mamakacebis SiSi, romelTac SeiZleba

„kacoba CamogvarTvan, Cveni namdvili saxe dagvanaxon, gvagrZnobinon, rom gveSinia4“. mamakacTa SiSi da SfoTva, rom isini homose-qsulebad ar iqnan aRqmuli sxva mamakacebis mier, aiZulebT maT gaazviadon da gadaWare-bebiT warmoaCinon sakuTari maskulinoba. aseTi gamovlinebebi gansakuTrebiT farTod gavrcelebuli da miRebuli pratqikaa iseT koleqtiur da tradiciul sazogadoebebSi, rogoric qarTulia.

rac Seexeba seqsualobas, sazogadoebriv doneze homofobiur ganwyobebSi mniSvnelo-van rols TamaSobs tradiciuli ideolo-giis, gansakuTrebiT religiis, damokide-buleba seqsualobasTan. miiCneva, rom ho-mofobiis maRali doniT is sazogadoebebi gamoirCeva, sadac bevri seqsualuri tabua. adamianTa umravlesobisTvis miuRebelia ara mxolod sxvisi, aramed sakuTari seqsualo-bac. sakuTari seqsualobis miuReblobas da mudmiv represirebas, rogorc wesi, seqsual-uri SfoTva mohyveba, rac sxvisi seqsualo-bis mimarT sastik Seuwynareblobas badebs. aseve Zalian mniSvnelovania sazogadoebis seqsualuri kulturisa da ganaTlebis zog-adi done. ganaTleba mniSvnelovani winamZR-varia crurwmenebisa da winaswarganwyobebis dasaZlevad. rogorc wesi, ganaTlebul ada-mianebSi homofobiis xarisxi dabalia. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom saqarTveloSi TiTqmis ar arsebobs seqsualuri ganaTleba. ufro metic, seqsualuri ganaTlebis dan-ergvis araTu odnavi mcdeloba, aramed amaze sajarod saubaric ki agresiulad ganawyobs marTlmadidebel eklesiasa da sazogadoe-bis umravlesobas. amas ganapirobebs is, rom seqsualuri ganaTleba eris garyvnasa da gadagvarebasTan ufro asocirdeba, vidre informirebulobisa da usafrTxo seqsual-uri cxovrebis wesis danergvasTan. gasagebi xdeba sazogadoebaSi homofobiis maRali donis ganmsazRvreli kidev erTi aspeqti.

4 Michael Kimmel, “Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity” in Peter Murphey (ed) Feminism and Masculinities, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 193

18

sazogadoebis homofobiuri ganwyobebis erTgvari testi, gansakuTrebiT am bolo xanebSi, saqarTveloSi lgbt Temis xilva-dobis gazrda gaxda. sajaro sivrceSi lgbt adamianebis gamoCena avtomaturad iqna aR-qmuli rogorc homoseqsualobis propagan-da, ramac ufro gaamZafra Seuwynarebloba da gazarda koleqtiuri SiSebi, SfoTvebi da agresia. 2012 wlis 17 maiss homofobiisa da transfobiis saerTaSoriso dRisadmi miZRvnili msvleloba saeklesio pirebisa da religiuri eqstremistebis mier Zalis gamoyenebiT CaiSala. araTu realuri mar-Sireba, aramed manamde bevrjer gaJRere-buli miTiuri praidi araerTxel gamxdara „erovnuli“ mobilizaciis yvelaze efeq-turi saSualeba, ramac kidev erTxel saa-Skaraoze gamoitana qarTuli sazogadoebis ukiduresad homofobiuri ganwyoba.

am bolo xanebSi kidev erTi testi gaxda sax-alxo damcvelobis kandidatebTan dakavSire-biT wamoWrili sajaro debatebi, ramac xazi gausva sazogadoebis homofobiurobas. Tavad kandidatebisTvis ganmsazRvreli aRmoCnda lgbt adamianebis mimarT maTi damokidebule-ba5. sazogadoebis didi nawilisTvis miuRebe-li gaxda Riad lgbt megobruli kandidati. saboloo jamSi arCevani saparlamento umrav-lesobis mier gacxadebul iseT favoritze SeCerda, romlis damokidebuleba lgbt jgu-fis mier ar aris mkveTrad agresiuli, magram Zalian kargad asaxavs qarTul sazogadoebaSi am bolo dros gaCenil, TiTqosda, naklebad homofobiur tendencias, romelic aRiarebs homoseqsualebis arsebobas, magram miuRe-blad miiCnevs maTi TviTgamoxatvis nebismier formas (rac isev propagandad aRiqmeba). ms-gavsi „iyos, magram me ar Semexos“ damokide-buleba erTmniSvnelovnad homofobiuria, radgan gamoricxavs lgbt adamianTaTvis kon-stituciiT dadgenil TviTgamoxatvis ufle-bas. es safuZvels udebs adamianTa pirvelx-arisxovan da meorexarisxovan moqalaqeebad kategorizebas, sadac meorexarisxovani mo-

5 e.aRdgomelaSvili, „homofobia ombudsmenobis kan-didatebis diskusiaSi“. netgazeTi, 05.11.2012.

qalaqeebis, umciresobebis beds umravle-soba gansazRvravs. am SemTxvevaSi aseve um-ravlesoba, Tavisi keTili nebis safuZvelze (romelic xSirad arc gaaCnia), seleqciurad awesebs uflebaTa sazRvrebs umciresobebi-sTvis, rac absolutur winaaRmdegobaSia de-mokratiul RirebulebebTan da Tanasworo-bis principebTan.

bolo dros ganviTarebulma movlenebma kidev erTxel dagvanaxa, rom koleqtiuri homofobiuri ganwyoba mWirdo kavSirSia sazogadoebis socialuri da kulturuli Semwynareblobis zogad donesTan. realo-bam ki aCvena, rom Sexeduleba qarTveli eris tolerantobis Sesaxeb sabWoTa kav-Siris dros Seqmnili miTiuri konstruqti iyo. aRmoCnda, rom saqarTveloSi plu-ralizmi ucxo xilia, mravalferovneba ki miuRebeli. aq yvela gansxvavebuli sxvaa, ucxoa da Sesabamisad arasasurveli.

unda aRiniSnos, rom zemoT ganxiluli socio-kulturuli faqtorebi mWidro ka-vSirSia erTmaneTTan. isini kompleqsurad moqmedeben da saboloo jamSi ganapirobe-ben homofobiis dones sazogadoebaSi. xa-zgasasmelia isic, rom homofobia uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens ara mxolod adamianTa konkretul jgufze, romelTa sawinaaRm-degod aris mimarTuli es praqtika, aramed TviT am praqtikis ganmaxorcieleblebzec. sazogadoebas, romelic aRiarebs da uSvebs meorexarisxovani moqalaqeebis arsebobas, Zalian gauWirdeba adamianTa Tanasworobi-sa da sxva umniSvnelovanesi demokratiuli Rirebulebebis gaazreba da gaTaviseba. is-eTi Caketili da tradiciuli sazogadoe-bisTvis, rogoric qarTulia, homofobiuri ganwyobis kleba da Rirebulebebis gada-fasebaa ara mxolod homoseqsualobasTan, aramed zogadad genderTan, seqsualobas-Tan, ojaxis institutTan mimarTebaSi sak-maod mtkivneuli da droSi gawelili pro-cesi iqneba. am mxriv pirveli nabiji sazoga-

doebis mxridan, homofobiis, rogorc so-

cialuri problemis, aRireba iqneba.


transgenderi adamianebi saqarTveloSi

naTia gvianiSvili

ciis misaRebad mizanSewonilad CavTvaleT

transgender adamianebTan CaRrmavebuli in

terviuebis Cawera. n

transgenderis raoba

sanam uSualod kvlevis Sedegebze visau-

brebT, saWiroa avxsnaT zogierTi cneba,

romelic mniSvnelovania transgenderi

adamianebis identobisa da mdgomareobis

gasagebad. transgenderi SeiZleba ewodos

adamians, romlis genderuli identoba gan-

sxvavdeba dabadebisas miwerili genderis-

gan. transgenderi adamiani Tavs SeiZleba

aigivebdes kacTan, qalTan, arc erT maT-

ganTan, an orivesTan1. transseqsuali ufro

samedicino xasiaTis terminia da aRniSnavs

transgender adamians, romelic arCevs sa-

medicino da qirurgiuli gziT Seicvalos

sqesi. process, romelic miwerili gen-

deridan sasurvel genderamde gadasvlis

fazas warmoadgens, tranzicia ewodeba. es

xangrZlivi da kompleqsuri procesia, rom-

lisTvisac saWiro faqtorebi SeiZleba iyos

adamianis genderuli TviTaRqmis Sesabamisi

tansacmeli da aqsesuarebi, qceva, hormo-

1 http://www.glaad.org/reference/transgender

saqarTveloSi genderul sakiTxebze saubri

sas iSviaTad axsendebaT (an iSviaTad ician),

rom genderis cneba mxolod qalebsa da kacebs

Soris Tanasworuflebianobis problemas

ar moiazrebs. genderuli niSniT Zaladoba

da diskriminacia nebismierma genderulad

arakonformulma adamianma SeiZleba ganica

dos. am mxriv mniSv nelovania gamovkveToT

transgende ri adamianebi, radgan maTi sta

tusi sazogadoebaSi swored maTi genderuli

identobiT ganisazRvreba. qvemoT vnaxavT,

rom or, urTierTsapirispiro da mkacrad

gansazRvrul genderze agebuli sistema maT

saWiroebebze araa morgebuli.

saqarTveloSi mcxovreb transgender adami

anebze cota ram aris cnobili, radgan maT ar

eTmobaT saTanado yuradReba. xSirad isini

rCebian rogorc akademiuri, ise sociologi

uri kvlevebis miRma. 2012 wels organizacia

„qalTa iniciativebis mxardamWerma jgufma“ organizacia „identobasTan“ TanamSromlobiT Caatara lgbt (lesboseli, gei, biseqsua

li da transgenderi) adamianebis diskrimina

ciis kvleva saqarTveloSi. miuxedavad imisa,

rom kvlevis farglebSi masalis Segroveba

xdeboda werilobiT, specialuri kiTxva

rebis daxmarebiT, mravalmxrivi informa

nawili meore

19

20

nuli Terapia da qirurgiuli Careva.

iqidan gamomdinare, rom xSirad xdeba gen-

deruli identobisa da seqsualuri orien-

taciis cnebebis erTmaneTSi areva, xazi unda

gavusvaT, rom transgender adamianebs, iseve

rogorc yvelas, SeiZleba hqondes heterose-

qsualuri, biseqsualuri, homoseqsualuri,

aseqsualuri an sxva seqsualuri orientacia.

kvlevis monawileebi

2012 wels Catarebuli diskriminaciis kv-

levis farglebSi gamokiTxul iqna eqvsi

transgenderi adamiani (2 transgenderi

kaci, 3 transgenderi qali da erTi respo-

denti, romelic amJamad arc erT sqesTan

da genderTan ar aigivebs Tavs). respodent-

Ta raodenobis simcire, ganpirobebulia

saqarTveloSi transgenderTa organizebu-

li Temis ararsebobiT. Cveni respodentebi

swored is aqtiuri birTvia, romelic met-

naklebad CarTulni arian lgbt aqtivo-

bebSi. statiaSi aseve gamoyenebulia orga-

nizacia „identobis“ mier mopovebuli masa-lebi transgender adamianTa problemebTan

da saWiroebebTan dakavSirebiT.

eqvsive monawile sxvadasxva asakobriv

jgufs (19-39) miekuTvneba da tranziciis

sxvadasxva fazaze imyofeba. isini gansx-

vavdebian socialuri, ekonomikuri, gana-

Tlebisa da dasaqmebis statusiTac. eqvsi

respodentidan mxolod ori transgenderi

kaci (28 da 39 wlis) da erTi transgen-

deri qali (21 wlis) axerxebs yoveldRiur

cxovrebaSi Tavi warmoaCinos sasurveli gen-

deris saxiT. danarCenebs sxvadasxva mizez-

is (Zaladobis, dacinvisa da ukve miRweuli

socialuri statusis dakargvis SiSi) gamo

uwevT konformulebi darCnen dabadebisas

miwerili genderisadmi. respodentebidan

intervius momentisTvis ori transgenderi

kaci (28 da 39 wlis) da erTi transgenderi

qali (27 wlis) iyo dasaqmebuli, xolo erTi

transgenderi qali (19 wlis) iyo studenti.

bavSvoba

aRmoCnda, rom eqvsive respodenti sakma-od adreuli asakidan avlenda genderul arakonformulobas, risTvisac isjeboda ojaxis wevrebis mxridan. rogorc Cveni respodentebis SemTxvevaSi gamovlinda, es sasjeli ufrosebis mxridan sxvadasxva formiT vlindeba: Sercxvenis, gakicxvis, sayvedurisa da fizikuri Zaladobis saxi-Tac ki. swored es ganapirobebs xSir Sem-TxvevaSi imas, rom transgenderi adamianebi (maT Soris, Cveni respodentebic) adreuli asakidanve swavloben sakuTari TviTgamox-atvis2 kontrolsa da mis modifikacias situaciebis mixedviT:

`...Segnebuli bavSvi viyavi... anu raRac situaciebSi raRacebis gakeTeba ar Sei-Zleboda iqidan gamomdinare, rom si-tyvaze viRacebi ar dainaxavdnen da ar aRiqvamdnen am yvelafers, rogorc me min-doda da Tavs komfortulad vigrZnobdi, Sesabamisad, ise viqceodi, rogorc situ-acias sWir deboda...~

(bembi, 27 wlis)

isini ar saubroben sakuTar genderze

mSoblebTan da naTesavebTan, sajarod ar

atareben sasurveli genderis Sesabamis

tan sacmelsa da aqsesuarebs da gadacmas

an marto an Zalian axlo megobrebis wreSi

axerxeben.

beqa (39 wlis) ixsenebs, bavSvobaSi sis-

tematuri fizikuri Zaladobis faqtebs

ojaxis wevrebis mxridan. misi TqmiT, mo-

zardobisas, rodesac mSoblebma dainaxes,

rom igi arc cemam da arc sayvedurma ar

„gamoaswora“, is fsiqiatrTan waiyvanes. es ukanaskneli beqas mSoblebs dahpirda, rom

Tu garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi Svils

masTan atarebdnen, sabolood miiRebdnen

„idealur qarTvel qals“. garkveuli mize-zebis gamo Terapiis es kursi ar Sedga da

beqa ukve ramdenime welia kacis genderiT

warmoCindeba yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.

2 genderuli TviTmikuTvnebulobis gamovlinebad respodentebi moiazreben emociebis gamoxatvas, tansacmels, manerizmebs, qcevas da gemovnebas.



fsiqologiur zewolas Tanatolebis, maTi

da sakuTari mSoblebisgan eqvsive respodenti

ganicdida. bembis (27 wlis) TqmiT, is adreu-

li asakidanve mixvda, rom Tavisi survilebi

unda daemala da Zalian frTxilad arCevda

mesaidumles, visac gaumJRavnebda sakuTar

gansxvavebulobas. salome (21 wlis) acxadebs,

rom mas xSirad kicxavdnen im gogonebis mSo-

blebi, romlebTanac is bavSvobaSi TamaSobda.

maT Turme Zalian ukvirdaT „am biWs“ sul go-gonebTan ratom surda yofna.

fizikuri da fsiqologiuri Zaladoba zrdasrul asakSi

zrdasrul asakSi fizikur Zaladobaze mxo-

lod leo (28 wlis) saubrobs. SemTxveva,

romelsac ixsenebs 7 wlis win moxda im ada-

mianebis wreSi, visTan erTadac is narkoti-

kul nivTierebebs moixmarda. incidentis

mizezad is Tavis genderul identobas asax-

elebs, magram detalebs ar ixsenebs. bembi

gakvriT ambobs, rom msgavs faqtebs adgi-

li hqonia, magram maTi gaxseneba ar surs,

radgan cdilobs yvelaferi uaryofiTi

amoSalos cxovrebidan. policiisTvis arc

erT maTgans ar miumarTavs, radgan Tvlian,

rom policiis TanamSromlebi moZaladee-

bze ufro transfobiurebi3 SeiZleba aR-

moCeniliyvnen.

fsiqologiuri Zaladoba eqvsive respo-

dents ganucdia da jer kidev ganicdis saku-

Tari cxovrebis sxvadasxva socialur fenaSi.

maia (19 wlis) ambobs, rom fsiqologiuri ze-

wola, romelsac is ganicdis, rogorc wesi,

verbaluri Seuracxyofis xasiaTs atarebs:

ojaxi mas mudmivad mouwodebs Seicvalos

qceva, manerebi da Cacmuloba. misi feminu-

roba SeumCneveli ar rCebaT arc ucxo adami-

anebs quCaSi. zogierTi maTgani Tavs uflebas

aZlevs komentari gaakeTos mis garegnobaze

da „gei“ uwodos an Seaginos. beqas TqmiT fsiqologiur Zaladobas

3 transfobia: iracionaluri SiSi da siZulvili transgenderi adamianebisadmi

masze xSirad axorcieleben gamvlelebi

quCaSi. man erTi faqtic gaixsena, rodesac

masTan ori ucnobi adamiani mivida da amc-

no, rom isini daniZlavebulan beqa kaci iyo

Tu qali da gadawyvites pirdapir ekiTxaT:

`movida masti da maziani davdeTo ra, da romeli xaro da wilSi Tu gamiyvan gety-vi, Tu ara da ara-meTqi. ra unda vuTxra mag dros? raRac iseTi momentia, sastavi ro dgas da marto xar, ar xar ra dacu-li. me Cxubis ki ar meSinia... xeibrobis meSinia cota, Tu ara da Cxubis da imis ar meSinia arasdros.~

(beqa, 39 wlis)

beqas azriT, miuxedavad imisa, rom aseTi

epizodebi dResdReobiT ufro iSviaTia, es

mainc gamaRizianebelia.

sainteresoa, laSas (24 wlis) Sexeduleba

sazogadoebis mxridan fsiqologiur ze-

wolaze, rac misi saqarTvelos SeiaraRebul

ZalebSi muSaobis oTxwlian staJs ukavSird-

eba. is ambobs, rom nawilSi genderuli iden-

tobis gamo problemebi ar Seqmnia, garkveu-

li Worebis garda, rasac is gardauvalad

miiCnevs. mimReblobas sakuTari Tavisadmi is

ufro pirovnul Tvisebebs da megobrebTan

gulaxdilobas ukavSirebs da Tvlis, rom

ucxo sazogadoebaSi, informaciis misawvdo-

mobis miuxedavad, agresia metia.

ojaxi da megobrebi

mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom transgen-

deri (iseve, rogorc lesboseli, gei da

biseqsuali) adamianebi xSirad ver iReben

mxardaWeras ojaxisa da megobrebisagan.

homofobiur ojaxsa da garemoSi cxovre-

ba, iseve, rogorc transfob megobrebTan

urTierToba, daZabulobas qmnis da xSirad

iwvevs TviTSefasebis daqveiTebas adamianSi,

ubiZgebs ra mas sakuTar TavSi Caiketos da

didi fsiqologiuri stresis fasad gaakon-

trolos sakuTari TviTgamoxatva.

Zaladobisa da sayvareli adamianebis

dakargvis SiSi transgenderi adamianebis

22

qamin-auTis4 sakvanZo faqtorebia. Tum-

caRa movlenebi yovelTvis erTi scenaris

mixedviT ar viTardeba. magaliTad, ninom

(25 wlis) nebayoflobiT gaakeTa qamin-auTi

dedasa da ramdenime naTesavTan. mas egona,

rom Tavis irgvliv bevr adamians dakargav-

da. amis sapirispirod aRmoCnda, rom qamin-

auTis Semdeg man bevri megobari SeiZina.

miuxedavad imisa, rom ninos deda dRemde

„loculobs, rom es ar moxdes“ (ninom ar gaikeTos sqesis kvlavminiWebis operacia) is

Tavis qamin-auTs warmatebulad Tvlis. ma-

ias SemTxvevaSic, qamin-auTis Semdeg dedam

Sewyvita transgender adamianebze damamci-

rebeli komentarebis keTeba, Tumca Svilis

mdgomareoba jer bolomde ar esmis.

bembis qamin-auTi garemoebebma ganapiro-

ba. dedam SemTxveviT aRmoaCina misi „WeSma-riti transseqsualis“ cnoba, Tumca isini am Temaze arasodes saubroben. nebayoflobiTi

qamin-auTi aqvs gakeTebuli rZalTan, ro-

melic bembis TanaugrZnobs. fsiqologiur

zewolas ojaxSi ufro metad Zmisgan gan-

icdis, romelic bembis „qaluri manerebis“ Sesaxeb xSirad damamcirebel komentarebs

akeTebs. is erideba mamasTan sakuTari gend-

eruli identobis gamJRavnebas, radgan misi,

isedac Seryeuli, janmrTelobis gauare-

sebisa eSinia. sainteresoa, rom bembi bavS-

vobidan xelovnebis sferoSi saqmianobs da

misi qceva da maneruloba xSirad swored mis

profesias miewereba da ara mis genderul

identobas.

salomes ojaxSi transfobia sakmaod se-

riozul xasiaTs atarebs. is amJamad mar-

to cxovrobs, radgan deda da papa mas ar

TanaugrZnoben. miuxedavad imisa, rom deda

cdilobs mas materialurad daexmaros, is

aseve sistematurad urekavs Svils da uyve-

ba imis Sesaxeb Tu rogor eWreba Tavi misi

saqcielis gamo. papa mas mokvliT emuqreba.

beqas ojaxSi misi genderuli identobis

4 qamin-auTi (coming out): sakuTari seqsualuri ori-entaciis an genderuli identobis gamJRavneba sxva adamianebisaTvis.

Sesaxeb yvelam icis. misi qamin-auTi mSo-

blebTan bavSvobaSi moxda, rodesac mSo-

blebma aRmoaCines, rom mas Tanatoli gog-

ona uyvarda. mSoblebi Zalian ecadnen misi

identoba SeecvalaT da amdeni zewolis Sem-

deg is daTanxmda megobarTan qorwinebaze.

ramdenime xnis Semdeg beqa daorsulda da

bavSvi gaaCina. rogorc TviTon ambobs, im

momentisTvis mSoblobisTvis mzad ar iyo

da suicidis mcdelobac hqonda, magram man

moaxerxa gadaelaxa es periodi, raSic mego-

brebis Tanadgoma da religia daexmara:

`raRac pontSi kaia exla Svili ro myavs. elementarulad Tundac im pontSi, rom me Cems sindisTan marTali var da zoga-dad, sazogadoebasTanac marTali var. rom amboben, rom [SeiZleba] Seicvalo, me vecade rom gavmxdariyavi rac var bi-ologiurad is, mara ar gamomivida.. iseT doneze ar gamomivida, rom vafSe aRar unda vyofiliyavi maSin da ... raRa me aRar viyo, Tqven mogeSaloT nervebi-Tqo ra da ... swori gadawyvetileba miviRe, me ase vfiqrob~.

(beqa, 39 wlis)

mocemul etapze, ojaxi ar ereva mis

genderul identobasTan dakavSirebul

sakiTxebSi, rac, rogorc Tavad beqa aRniS-

navs, SeiZleba iqidan gamomdinareobdes,

rom is erT-erTi mTavari marCenalia da

ojaxis wevrebi ufro valdebulad Tvlian

Tavs pativi scen mis azrs. xuTma respo-

dentma ganacxada, rom megobrebi maTi mx-

ardaWeris erT-erTi mTavari wyaroa. maia

ambobs, rom megobrebTan sakuTar idento-

baze saubrisas veranair mxardaWerasa da

rCevebs ver iRebs, rac iZulebuls xdis mas

naklebad isaubros maTTan am Temaze.

ojaxis mxridan zewolis SemTxvevebze

Tavad specialistebic saubroben:

„iZulebiT mkurnalobaze erTi pacienti maxsendeba, FtM, romelic pirdapir eu-bneboda dedamiss, rom biWi var da ga-manebeT Tavio. deda atarebda eqimebTan, utarebda endokrinologiur gamokv-levebs. is ukve 25 wlis iyo, garkveuli



hqonda, rom aris genderulad mamakaci da hyavda coli, romelTanac srul har-moniaSi cxovrobda, hqonda absolutu-rad Camoyalibebuli seq sualuri reper-tuari da de da misis am saubarze ubra-lod ecineboda~5

dedis moTxovnas „mkurnalobis“ Sesaxeb, es adamiani emorCileboda imitom, rom ar

hqonda finansuri saxsrebi imisaTvis, rom

sakuTari Tavi da meuRle erCina. finansuri

damokidebuleba ojaxze xSirad xdeba imis

safuZveli, rom transgenderi adamianebi

sakuTar identobasTan dakavSirebiT daT-

mobebze midian. maTi finansuri damouki-

debloba ki, sxva faqtorebTan erTad, maT

legalur statuszecaa damokidebuli.

samedicino da legaluri aspeqtebi. dasaqmeba

transseqsualis cneba aseve mWidro kavSir-

Sia genderuli disforiis, anu genderuli

identobis aSlilobis diagnozTan, romelic

Sesulia amerikis fsiqiatrTa asociaciis

mentalur daavadebaTa saxelmZRvaneloSi

(DSM-IV TR)6. genderuli disforiis diagnozi bevr qveyanaSi saWiroa imisaTvis, rom trans-

seqsual adamians ufleba hqondes qirurgiu-

li gziT Seicvalos sqesi an misi sasurveli

genderis legalur aRiarebas miaRwios. saqa-

rTveloSi amisaTvis „WeSmariti transseq-sualis“ cnobaa saWiro. termini „WeSmariti transseqsuali“ dRes ukve moZvelebuli cnebaa da dasabams iRebs germaneli endokri-

nologis hari benJaminis praqtikaSi. swored

benJaminma moaxdina genderuli identobis

aSlilobis sxvadasxva intensivobis kla-

sifikacia, sadac „WeSmariti transseqsuali“7 gansazRvra rogorc ukiduresi forma, rom-

lis SemTxvevaSic qirurgiuli Careva da

5 masala CEDAW Crdilovani angariSidan lbt qa-lebis mdgomareobaze saqarTveloSi, interviu maia WavWaniZesTan, qalTa iniciativebis mxardamWeri jgufi, 2012.

6 http://behavenet.com/apa-diagnostic-classification-dsm-iv-tr

7 http://www.genderpsychology.org/transsexual/benjamin_gd.html

hormonaluri Terapia aucilebelia pacien-

tis keTildReobisTvis. Cveni respodentebi-

dan „WeSmariti transseqsualis“ cnoba eqv-sidan mxolod sams (erT transgender qals,

erT transgender kacs da erT respodents,

romelic ar aigivebs Tavs arc erT sqesTan)

aqvs aRebuli. respodentebidan mxolod ori

transgenderi kaci iRebs hormonebs, erTs ki

gakeTebuli aqvs bilateraluri masteqto-

mia. xazi unda gaesvas im faqts, rom „WeS-mariti transseqsualis“ cnobis misaRebad saWiro procedurebi, hormonuli Terapia

da qirurgiuli operaciebi sakmaod Zvir-

adRirebulia8, iseve, rogorc operaciis

Semdgomi reabilitaciis procesi. rogorc

aRmoCnda Cvens respodentebs am proce-

durebis gavlis saSualeba ar aqvT. leos

TqmiT, magaliTad, mas cnobis asaRebad da

bilateraluri masteqtomiis gasakeTeblad,

binis gayidva mouwia. saqarTveloSi arsebu-

li praqtikidan gamomdinare, piradobis dam-

adasturebel sabuTebSi sqesis Sesacvlelad

aucilebelia sqesis kvlavminiWebis qirur-

giuli operaciis srulad Catareba.9. iqidan

gamomdinare, rom operacias bevri ver, an

ar ikeTebs, es adamianebi or genders Soris

rCebian wlebis ganmavlobaSi. eqvsive respo-

denti miiCnevs, rom sqesis Sesaxeb Canaweris

Secvla sabuTebSi unda xdebodes „WeSmariti transseqsualis“ cnobis da ara sqesis kv-lavminiWebis operaciis safuZvelze.

laSam, alternatiuli gza ipova imisaT-

vis, rom sakuTari sxeuli TviTaRqmasTan

harmoniaSi moeyvana. man bilateraluri mas-

teqtomia 2008 wlis seqtembris Sua ricx-

vebSi gaikeTa, rodesac jarSi msaxurobda:

`operacia omis Semdeg imitom gavikeTe, rom bevri kiTxva ar daesvaT mezoblebs, megobrebma da ojaxis wevrebma yvelaferi

8 organizacia „identobas“ mier Catarebuli mokvle-vis Sedegad, tranziciis samive etapis gasavlelad saWiro xarjebi jamSi daaxloebiT19000 lars Sead-gens da arc erT am proceduras ar faravs arc saxelmwifo da arc kerZo dazRvevis programebi.

9 evropis sabWos CM REC(2010)5 rekomendaciis imple-mentaciis monitoringi saqarTveloSi. WISG. 2012

24

icodnen, danarCenebs daWrili vegone... operacia gavikeTe araswori diagnoziT, viTom mkerdze kvanZebi mqonda. mag SemTx-vevaSi eqimis pasuxismgebloba moxsnilia, raRac rom ar momwoneboda eqims pasuxs ver movTxovdi, axlac hormonalur Te-rapias vikeTeb aralegalurad... Tanac sx-vagan es operacia 900 lari Rirs, magram radgan icoda transi var, 2000 lari gad-amaxdevina, Tanac xelze, usabuTod.~10

(laSa, 24 wlis)

intervius droisaTvis beqas saxeli

Secvlili hqonda piradobis mowmobaSi da

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Zvel pirado-

bis mowmobaSi sqesi aRniSnuli ar aris,

misi problemebi odnav Semcirda. Tumca

bankSi misuls mas erTxel „qalbatonoTi“ mimarTes, rac man Zalian damamcireblad

aRiqva. is ukve wlebis ganmavlobaSi kacad

warmoaCens Tavs.

leos mdgomareoba ufro problematu-

ria, radgan mas axali piradobis mowmoba

aqvs, sadac mdedrobiTi sqesia miTiTe-

buli. is maqsimalurad cdilobs damalos

sabuTi, xolo roca misi wardgena uwevs, am-

bobs, rom reestrSi Secdoma dauSves. 2005

wels mas uari uTxres dasaqmebaze erT-erT

restoranSi:

`wamovedi Cemi gancxadebiT da mere rom vTxove xelmeored aRvedgine samsaxurSi, miTxres, rom Sen xo ici, rom Senze ician, rom transgenderi xar da ver aRgadgen-To. magiTi momiciles ra... ubralod ase iyo, sabuTis saxe ar hqonda amas ofi-cialuri, sityvierad miTxres.~

(leo, 28 wlis)

kvlevis momentisTvis respodentebidan mxolod sami iyo dasaqmebuli. bembi sa-

kuTar samuSao garemos axasiaTebs rogorc

megobruls, rac misi azriT, misi da Tanam-

Sromlebis pirovnuli Tvisebebidan gamom-

dinareobs da ar ukavSirdeba genderul

identobas.

salome mimtanad muSaobda erT-erT cno-

bil kafeSi, sadac sakmaod keTilganwyo-

10 organizacia „identobis“ masalebidan

bili garemo iyo. 2010 wels, rodesac misi

interviu erT-erTi Tbilisuri Jurnalis

gverdebze gamoCnda, is samsaxuridan gaaT-

avisufles. ufrosis TqmiT, misi iq yofna

diskomforts Seuqmnida klientebs. salome

ambobs, rom samsaxuris dakargvis gamo misi

ekonomikuri mdgomareoba imdenad mZime iyo,

rom dedis daxmarebis gareSe SeiZleboda

komerciul seqsSic Cabmuliyo. dasaqmebas-

Tan dakavSirebul diskriminacias is 2011

welsac gadaawyda, rodesac „em-grupis“ treningi gaiara, sadac mas rogorc tre-

nerebi, ise monawileebi almacerad uyure-

bdnen. treningebis Sedegad yvela dasaqmda

salomes garda, miuxedavad imisa, rom sab-

oloo gamocdaze kargi Sefaseba miiRo.

beqa ramdenime wlis win gaaTavisufles

policiidan, oRond, rogorc lesboseli da

ara rogorc transgenderi. TanamSromlebis

gancxadebiT mas „qalebi urekavdnen“ da is amiT „arcxvenda policias“, ris Sedegadac axalma ufrosma daibara da wasvla mosTxova.

ninos erTi samsaxuri didi xniT arasodes

SeunarCunebia. is ZiriTadad barmenad an mim-

tanad muSaobda xolme, da samsaxuris cvla

mzardi uaryofiTobis gamo uwevda. erTxel

orma klientma uTxra, rom gareT daelode-

boda „dasalaparakeblad“. ninos SeeSinda da meore dRes samsaxurSi aRar misula. erTad-

erTi dadebiTi SemTxveva, romelsac is Ta-

visi samuSao praqtikidan ixsenebs iyo maSin,

rodesac ufrosma gamoacxada, rom misTvis

mTavaria rogor muSaoben misi TanamSrom-

lebi da ara is, Tu vin arian isini.

sajaro momsaxurebiT sargeblobisas

respodentebis umetesoba acxadebs, rom

genderuli identobis gamo diskriminacia

ar ganucdiaT. Tumca, bembi ixsenebs „WeS-mariti transseqsualis“ cnobis asaRebad saWiro procedurebis gavlisas erT-erTi

samedicino klinikis TanamSromelTa homo-

fobiur da transfobiur damokidebulebas:

`rogorc ki gaigebdnen, rom transi

viyavi, saSineleba xdeboda... analize-



bis nawili Jordanias klinikaSi gavik-

eTe. zogi eqimi normalurad Semxvda,

Tbiladac damelaparaka, magram zoga-

dad... faqtiurad Zalian cud situa-

ciaSi aRmovCndi... Seuracxyofebis ko-

rianteli momayenes... saboloo jamSi

ro davfiqrdi, mTlad Se uracxyofac

ar iyo... Zalian ganicdida is (erT-

erTi eqimi) adamiani am yvelafers..

`Cemi Svili rom aseT mdgomareobaSi

yofiliyo ar vici ras vizamdio~... da

ras izamdiT-meTqi, vkiTxe: mokla-

vdiT, saxlidan gaag debdiT-meTqi?

iq iyo Seuracxmyofeli raRacebic,

ubralod ar minda axla gavixseno...~

(bembi, 27 wlis)

daskvna

marTalia, transgenderi adamianebis prob-

lemebze saubari erTi kvleviTa da erTi

statiiT ar amoiwureba, Cven SevecadeT de-

talurad gadmogveca is sakiTxebi, romle-

bic Cveni respodentebisTvis aris aqtual-

uri. kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli masalidan

cxadi xdeba, rom saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi

adamianebi xSirad xdebian fsiqologiuri ze-

wolisa da Zaladobis msxverpli cxovrebis

sxvadasxva etapze rogorc ojaxis wevrebis,

ise sazogadoebis mxridan. or, mkafiod

gansazRvrul genderze agebuli sistema ar

tovebs sivrces genderulad arakonformu-

li adamianebis TviTgamoxatvisaTvis; sqesis

kvlavminiWebis procedura saWiroebs gaum-

jobesebas da regulaciis meqanizmis Se-

muSavebas; transgenderTa saWiroebebi araa

gaTvaliswinebuli da asaxuli saxelmwifo

politikasa da praqtikaSi. yovelive es gav-

lenas axdens am adamianTa TviTaRqmaze,

TviTrealizaciis SesaZleblobasa da fi-

nansur damoukideblobazec, rac saboloo

jam Si xels uSlis am adamianebis srulfaso-

van integracias sazogadoebaSi.

kvlevis aRwera

2012 wlis aprilSi Catarda kvleva lgb

jgufis 150 warmomadgenelTan. kvlevis

mizani iyo im socialuri garemos Seswavla,

romelSic cxovroben jgufis wevrebi. kv-

levam saSualeba mogvca Segvefasebina Tu

ramdenad farTodaa gavrcelebuli dis-

kriminacia lgb jgufis mimarT sxvadasxva

sferoSi, ra formis fizikur da fsiqolo-

giur Zaladobas aqvs adgili da ra six-

SiriT, ician Tu ara ojaxis wevrebma maTi

orientaciis Sesaxeb, rogor afaseben Tavad

jgufis wevrebi sazogadoebis damokideb-

ulebas maT mimarT da sxv.

meTodologia

kvlevisaTvis gamoyenebuli iyo struqtur-

irebuli kiTxvari, romelic Sedgeboda

Ria da daxuruli kiTxvebisagan1. anketaSi

gaTvaliswinebuli iyo calke grafebi in-

cidentebis aRsawerad. kiTxvari Sedgeboda

ramdenime blokisagan, romelic 71 qvekiTx-

vad iyo dayofili. amasTan, zogi maTgani

1 kiTxvari warmoadgens polonuri organizacie-bis „Poland, Campaign Against Homophobia“ da „Lamb-da Warsaw Association“ mier SemuSavebuli anketis adaptirebul variants.

saSualebas iZleoda respodents aerCia ram-

denime pasuxi erTdroulad (mag. fizikuri

Zaladobis formebi an adgili).

kiTxvari moicavda Semdeg sakiTxebs:

• zogadi monacemebi (sqesi, orientacia, asaki, ganaTleba, qalaqis/soflis si-dide, romelSic cxovrobs/cxovrobda).

• fizikuri an fsiqologiuri Zalado-

bis gamocdileba (hqonia Tu ara re-

spodents aseTi gamocdileba da ram-

denad xSirad); faqtis aRwera (vis

mier, rodis da sad ganxorcielda

Zaladobis faqti); acnobes Tu ara

faqtis Sesaxeb policias; Tu ar ac-

nobes, ra iyo amis mizezi da Tu

acnobes, ra reagireba mohyva amas

samarTaldamcavTa mxridan;

• Zaladobis faqtebi samuSao adgilze:

uaris Tqma dasaqmebaze, dawinaure-

baze, gaTavisufleba an sxvebTan Se-

darebiT ufro maRali moTxovnebis

wayeneba; seqsualuri orientaciis da-

malva samuSao adgilze im SemTxvevaSi

Tu respodenti dasaqmebuli iyo kv-

levis periodSi;

• gansxvavebuli/diskriminaciuli mopy-robis SemTxvevebi (respodentis seq-

lgb diskriminaciis kvleva saqarTveloSi

irakli vaWaraZe

26


sualuri orientaciis Sesaxeb cod-

nis an eWvis Setanis safuZvelze)

momsaxurebis sferoSi: jandacvisa

da saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi (mag.

adgilob rivi xelisufleba, sasamarT-

lo), sajaro TavSeyris adgilebi (mag.

bari, klubi, transporti da sxv.)

• qamin-auTi ojaxis wevrebTan da naTe-savebTan (vin icis, vin iRebs respoden-tis identobas, rogor gaiges respo-dentis seqsualuri orientaciis Ses-axeb); ganicdian Tu ara zewolas ojaxis wevrebis/naTesavebis mxridan da ra formiTaa es zewola gamoxatuli.

• Tavisuflebis gancda partnioris mimarT grZnobebis gamoxatvis dros sajaro sivrceSi

• sazogadoebis damokidebulebaTa Se-faseba lgbt jgufis wevrTa mi marT.

SerCevis moculoba da SezRudvebi

kvlevis miznebidan gamomdinare, kvleva-

Si monawileoba miiRo lgb jgufis 150-ma

warmomadgenelma2. kiTxvars winaswar da-

treningebuli interviuerebi avsebdnen,

romlebic xvdebodnen respodentebs lgbt

jgufis TavSeyris adgilebSi: „qalTa ini-ciativebis mxardamWeri jgufisa“ da orga-nizacia „identobis“ ofisi, klubebi, barebi, bina da sxv. 2 kiTxvari Seivso skype-s gamoy-enebiT. SerCevis am meTodma gavlena moax-

dina respodentTa ganawilebaze sacxovre-

beli adgilisa da asakobrivi jgufebis

mixedviT. kvlevaSi monawileTa umetesoba

lgbt adamianta saqartvelosi · 2015. 10. 18. · 4saqartvelos sakonstitucio sasa ix. martlos...

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