lgof{t k|j4{g cfoft k|lt:yfkg / cgt/k|b]z jofkf/ ;defjgf k ... · ljifo ;"rl zlif{s k[i7;+vof...
TRANSCRIPT
lgof{t k|j4{g cfoft k|lt:yfkg / cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ ;Defjgf
ePsf j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf]
k|f]kmfOn
;'b"/klZrd k|b]z
@)&^
pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno
Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|
k'Nrf]s, nlntk'/
sfo{sf/L ;f/fFz
;'b'/ klZrd k|b]z lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{ tLgj6} e"uf]no'Qm ljljwtfo'Qm k|b]zsf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . of] k|b]z s[lif,
jg, vlgh>f]t, hn>f]t / k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfsf] e08f/sf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . o;} u/L of] k|b]zdf P]ltxfl;s,
;f:+s[lts, wfld{s / k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf :ynx? /x]sf 5g\ hxfF ljZj e/sf ;DjlGwt wdf{jnDjLx?sf nflu
;b}j cf:yfsf s]Gb| /lx cfPsf] 5g\ . ef/ts} k|d'v cfly{s sl/8f]/sf ?kdf ljsl;t x'Fb} u/]sf] s]Gb|sf ?kdf
/x]sf] ef/tsf] /fhwfgL gofF lbNnL nufot pQ/k|b]z, pQ/fv08 / lxdf~rn k|b]zsf] k|j]zåf/sf ?kdf klg
;'b"/klZrd k|b]z /lxcfPsf] 5 . o;} u/L ljZjsf lxGb" / af}4, af]g wdf{jnDjLx?sf] cf:yfsf s]Gb|sf ?kdf
/x]sf] rLgsf] dfg;/f]a/ hfg] ;a}eGbf 5f]6f] k|j]zdfu{ klg ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z /x]sf] 5 . aemfª x'Fb} dfg;/f]a/
hfg] af6f] ef/tLo / g]kfnL tLy{ofqLx?sf nflu ;a}eGbf ;'ud / 5f]6f] af6f]sf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . xfns} s]xL
jif{ otf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z cf}Bf]lusLs/0fsf] lbzfdf klg cu|;/ eO{ /x]sf] 5 . oxL k[i7e"lddf k|b]zdf cfoft
k|lt:yfkg, lgof{t ;DefJo / cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ ;Defjgf ePsf s]xL k|ltlglwd'n's j:t'x?sf] k|f]kmfOn tof/M
ul/Psf] 5 .
o; k|ltj]bgdf wfg rfdn, ux'F, ds}, pv', cfn', h}ljs t/sf/LM h}t'gsf] t]n, h8La'6L, 6k]{G6fOg t]n, /f]lhg
P08 /]lhg Pl;8, pmg, kmnkm'n, b'UwhGo kbfy{, hnljB't, ef}uf]lns ;+s]tsf cfwf/df lgof{t ug{ ;lsg]
j:t' tyf ;]jfx? - laho;fnsf efF8fs'F8fx?, /fp6]sf sf7sf pTkfbgx?, c5fdL gf}d'8\s] ufO{sf] b'Uw
kl/sf/,hf]/fonsf] af;dtL, 9lsof, dx, lxn:6]zg ko{6g, b[iofjnf]sg ko{6g, wfld{s ko{6g g]q lrlsT;fsf]
k|f]kmfOn tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
o;sf cltl/Qm :yfgLo Joj;foL, j'l4hLjLx?, g]kfnsf] cfoft lgof{t Jofkf/, b:tfj]hx?sf] cWoog, k|b]z
;/sf/;Fu ;DkGg cGt/lqmof / 5nkmn, ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfox?af6 k|sflzt b:tfj]h tYofFssf] cWoog /
ljZn]if0f kZRft\ o; k|b]zdf b]xfosf j:t tyf ;]jfx?sf] cfoft k|lt:yfkg, lgof{t ;+efjgf tyf cGt/k|b]z
Jofkf/sf] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5 .\
;'b"/klZrd k|b]z:t/af6 cfoftk|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] j:t' tyf ;]jfx?
juL{s/0f ljj/0f
j:t'
hLljt hLjhGt' /
ltgsf pTkfbg
afv|f, df5f, df;', b'UwhGo kbfy{, c08f, dx
jg:klt pTkfbg -!_ k'iKhGoM km'nx? tyf lj?jfx?,
-@_t/sf/LhGoM tfhf xl/of] t/sf/L, cfn', Kofh, s]/fpmsf] sf];f, t/sf/Lsf] ljpm,sfqmf,
s6x/,
#_ bnxgM s]/fpm, d'Fu, df;, d;'/f], af]8L, l;dL _, kfgsf] kft, v';f{gL
-$_ kmnkm'nM s]/f, cfFk, ;'Gtnf, cgf/, cFu'/, t/a'hf, d]jf, e'O{s6x/
-%_ d;nfhGoM skmL, bfnlrgL, wlgof, d]yL, tof/L d;nf, Hjfgf], a];f/, ltn
-^_ vfBfGgM ux'F, ds}, dl;gf] / af;dlt rfdn, sf]bf], hf}, d}bf
-&_ t]nxgM tf]/L, /fof], ;:o'{, ;"o{d'vL, ltn, ddkmnL-abfd_, e6df; / vfg]t]n
tof/L vfB kbfy{ -!_ ldi7fGghGoM lrgL, rsn]6, ld7fO{, r'Oud, k]7f
-@_ tof/L vfB kl/sf/M rfpmrfpm, lrK;, lj:s'6, s]s, kfp/f]6L, h';, crf/, s'/d'/], kfk8,
e'lhof, bfndf]7
-#_ cGoM l:kl/6, dlb/f, kz' cfxf/, ;"tL{ tyf r"/f]6
vlgh pTkfbg l;d]G6 lSnGs/, l;d]G6, k]6«flnod kbfy{ - hnljB'tsf] k|of]uaf6 lj:yflkt x'g]_
phf{ hnljB't, jfo'phf{ - k]6«flnod kbfy{ - hnljB'tsf] k|of]uaf6 lj:yflkt x'g]_
/Fu/f]ug d;L / ;a}k|sf/ k]G6x?, l;+b"/
>[+uf/ / ;/;kmfO{sf
;fdfgx?
lnlkli6s, lqmd, kfp8/ g]n kf]ln;, cQ/, ;]Dkm", ;fa'g, skfnsf] t]n, bGtd~hg,sk8f w'g]
kfp8/
Knfli6shGo Knfli6ssf ef8fs'F8f, a|;, af]tn, qm]6, kfOk / kmlg{r/
5fnfhGo 5fnfsf h'Qf, rKkn, k]6L, k;{, ;'6s]z / emf]nf
sf7hGo sf7, kmlg{r/, KnfOpm, sfuh, vfd, Koflsªsf ;fdfgx?
/]zfhGo pmg, e'O{df cf]5\ofpg] ;fwg, tof/L kf]zfs, af]/f, 5ftf,k~hf
kTy/flb j:t'x? -!_ ;]/fldS;sf pTkfbx?M a]l;g, sdf]8, sk Kn]6
-@_ ;f}efUosf ;fdfgx?M 6Lsf, r'/f kf]t], ax'd'No kYy/
cGo 3/fozL
pTkfbgx?
tfNrf, ;fFrf], ;nfO{, nfO6/, wft'sf kmlg{r/, v]nf}gf, k]lG;n, s6/, /a/, snd, 88\k]g, /a/,
O/]h/, HofldtL aS; / ;f]sf ;fdfgx?, 6]k, lkmQf sfOFof], a|;, ;]lg6/L GoflKsg / Kof8,
bfFt sf]6\ofpg] l;Gsf, a]tafF;, lgufnfsf kmlg{r/x?
;]jf -!_ :jf:Yo
-@_ lzIff
-#_ ko{6g
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zaf6 lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] ;DefJo j:t' tyf ;]jfx?
juL{s/0f ljj/0f
j:t'
hLljt hLjhGt' / ltgsf pTkfbg -!_ b'UwhGoM e};L+sf] b"w, 3\o', rLh / dx
jg:klt pTkfbg -!_ k'ikhGoM k'mn
-@_ t/sf/LhGoM kxf8L / lxdfnL If]qsf cuf{lgs t/sf/Lx?, nf}sf, k/jn,
le08L, aGbf, sfpnL, s'l/nf], s'lk08f],
-#_ bnxgM kxf8L / lxdfnL e]udf pTkfbg x'g] /}yfg] hftsf bfn / d;'/f]
-$_ kmnkm'nhGoM cf]v/, s]/f, :ofpm, ;'Gtnf, sfutL, sfnf] r's,
-%_ d;nfhGoM t]hkQf, cb'jf, cn}+rL, lrof, skmL, a];f/ wlgof, d]yL, l6d'/
-^_ pRr n]sfnL / lxdfnL efudf pTkfbg ul/Psf /}yfg] rfdn, kmfk/, hf}+,
cflb
-&_ t/sf/Lsf] ljpm, h8La'6L / ;f/t]n, kxf8L cdnf, sfkmn, r'qf, 3F3f?
-* tf]/L / h}t'gsf] t]n
-(_ cld|;f]sf] s'Frf], l/7f, ?b|fIf, aflaof], lednsf 8f]/Lx?
tof/L vfB tyf k]okbfy{ lrK;, rfpmrfpm, h';, kfgL, dlb/f, jfOg
>[+uf/ / ;/;kmfO{sf ;fdfgx? cfo'j]{lbs ;fag', ;]Dkm', 6'yk]i6, skfnsf] t]n, l/7fsf] kfp8/
/;fog /f]lhg / /]lhg Pl;8, 6k]{G6fOgsf] t]n, sTyf, sR5,
5fnfhGo 5fnfsf k;{, k]6L, h'Qf, rKkn
sf7hGo -!_ sf7sf d'lt{x?, laho;fnsf pTkfbg, /fp6]n] agfPsf sf7sf ;fdfgx?
-@_ g]kfnL xft]sfuh / ;f]sf pTkfbgx?
/]zfhGo cNnf], efFu|f] / ledn, dfn'- ef]nf{_ sf pTkfbgx?, lxdfnL e]udf pmgaf6
ag]sf ;fdfgx? - sfDnf], /f8L, kfvL,No", unaGbL, 6f]kL, k~hf, pmgL un}+rf,
tof/L kf]zfs
cGo x:tsnfsf ;fdfgx?, em\ofpmsf] cu/aQL, 9sLo, a]tsf ;fdfgx?
;]jf
:jf:Yo g]q lrlsT;f
ko{6g ;]jfM -! _ cfdf]bk|df]b ko{6gM
ef/tsf ko{6s nlIft lxn:6]zg ko{6g hnofqf, :sL, a~hL, dfp06]g /];,
Kof/fUnfO{8, ;]ldgf/, dgf]/~hg- Sofl;gf]_, v]ns'b - lqms]6, elnan_, hFun
;kmf/L, kbofqf, b[iofjnf]sg, dfp06]g km\nfO{ wgu9L b]lv clk ;}kfn lxdfn
b[iofjnf]sg_, cg';Gwfg ko{6g, r/f cjnf]sg ko{6g, hLjhGt' cjnf]sg
ko{6g, jg:klt cWoog / cjnf]sg, kof{ko{6g, s[lif ko{6g
-!_ wfld{s ko{6gM
-s_ dfg;/f]a/ ofqf
-v_ efsn ko{6g - b]jLsf ;ft alxgLsf wfdx?, s]bf/_
cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ -cGo k|b]zdf cfk"lt{ ug{ ;lsg]_ ;Defjgf ePsf] j:t'x? tyf ;]jfx?
juL{s/0f ljj/0f
j:t'
hLljt hLjhGt' /
ltgsf pTkfbg
-!_ b'UwhGoM e};L+sf] b"w, 3\o' / dx, c5fdL gf}d8\s] ufO{ / 3\o'
jg:kltsf] pTkfbgx? -!_ t/sf/LhGoM kxf8L / lxdfnL If]qsf cuf{lgs t/sf/Lx?, nf}sf, k/jn, le08L,
aGbf, sfpnL, s'l/nf], s'lk08f]
-#_ bnxgM kxf8L / lxdfnL e]udf pTkfbg x'g] /}yfg] hftsf bfn / d;'/f]
-$_ kmnkm'nhGoM cf]v/, s]/f, sfutL, sfnf] r's,
-%_ pRr n]sfnL / lxdfnL efudf pTkfbg ul/Psf /}yfg] rfdn, ds}, ux"F,
hf]/fonsf] af;dtL, , kmfk/, hf}+
-&_ t/sf/Lsf] ljpm, h8La'6L / ;f/t]n, kxf8L cdnf, sfkmn, r'qf, 3F3f?, 8f]6L /
88]nw'/fsf] /}yfg] e6df;
-* tf]/L / h}t'gsf] t]n
-(_ s'Frf], l/7f, ?b|fIf, aflaof], lednsf 8f]/Lx?
tof/L vfB tyf k]o
kl/sf/
lj:s'6, dlb/f / l:k/L6, jfOg-r'qf], P];]n',_ a]nsf] /;
sfi7hGo uf]lnof sf7, laho;fnsf ;fdfgx?, /fp6] lgld{t sf7sf ;fdfgx?
/]zfhGo ledn / dfn'- ef]nf{_ sf pTkfbgx? 8f]/Lx?, lxdfnL e]udf pmgaf6 ag]sf
;fdfgx? - sfDnf], /f8L, kfvL,No", unaGbL, 6f]kL, k~hf, pmgL un}+rf, tof/L kf]zfs
x:tsnfhGo 9sLof, ;'Nkf - lrnd_, x'Ssf, gnL, j]tafF;sf kmlg{r/x?
;]jf
ko{6g ;]jf -! _ cfdf]bk|df]b ko{6gM
lxn:6]zg ko{6g hnofqf, :sL, ;]ldgf/, v]ns'b -lqms]6, elnan_, hFun ;kmf/L,
kbofqf, b[iofjnf]sg, dfp06]g km\nfO{6 -wgu9L b]lv clk ;}kfn lxdfn
b[iofjnf]sg_, cg';Gwfg ko{6g, r/f tyf hLjhGt' cjnf]sg ko{6g, jg:klt
cWoog / cjnf]sg, kof{ko{6g, s[lif ko{6g
-@_ wfld{s ko{6g
-s_ b]jL yfg
-v_ di6f]a08fnL
-u_ P]ltxfl;s :yn
-3_ k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf :ynx?
-ª_ dlGb/, b]jn, wf/f, kf6Lkf}jf, bf]efg, lqj]0fL
-r_ ;fF:s[lts hfqf
-5_ y/uf]q pTklQ:yn
ljifo ;"rL
zLif{s k[i7;+Vof
sfo{sf/L ;f/fFz
k[i7e"ld 1
k|b]zsf] ;fdfGo kl/roM 2
cfly{s kl/b[io 3
g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/ 5
g]kfnn] ljutdf lgof{t ul//x]sf t/ jt{dfgdf cfoft ul//x]sf] j:t'x? 6
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zl:yt eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkmt{ j}b]lzs Jofkf/ 6
cWoogsf] p2]Zo / ck]lIft pknJwL 10
cWoogsf] ljlwM 11
cWoogsf ;Ldfx? 11
Jofkf/df b[li6af6 ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z SWOT ljZn]if0f 12
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf s]xL k|d'v s[lifhGo j:t'x?sf] pTkfbg l:ylt 13
k|d'v pBf]ux?sf] ljj/0f 17
vlgh / vlghsf pTkfbgx? 18
;]jf Jofkf/ 21 ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pTkfbg x'g], lgof{t ;Defjgf ePsf, cfoft k|lt:yfkg
ug{ ;lsg] tyf cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ ;Defjgf ePsf j:t'x?sf] ljZn]if0f 23
cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ tyf cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] j:t'x? 23
lgof{t ;DefJo j:t'x?sf] ljZn]if0f 35
ef}uf]lns ;+s]tsf cfwf/df lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] j:t' tyf ;]jfx? 50
lgof{t k|j4{g ug{ ;lsg] ;]jfx? 53
cGt/ k|b]z ;]jf Jofkf/ y/uf]q s'nb]jtf s'nb]jL s]lGb|t ko{6g 58
Jofkf/ ;Dj4 ;/f]sf/sf ljifox? 61
lgisif{ 66
;'emfj 67
l;kmfl/; 67
cg';rL 68
;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 73
tflnsf, u|fkm, t:jL/ / gSZffsf] ;"lr
tflnsf g++=!M g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/
tflnsf g+= @M g]kfnsf] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] If]qut ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= #M g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/sf] bz jif{sf] k|j[lQ
tflnsf g+=$M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t ePsf] k|d['v j:t'x?sf] lgof{t
tflnsf g++ %M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t ePsf] k|d['v j:t'x?sf] cfoft
tflnsf g++ ^ M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t ePsf] k|d'v s[lif hGo j:t'x?sf] cfoft
tflnsf g+= &M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z SWOT ljZn]if0f
tflnsf g+= *M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf cGg pTkfbgsf] cj:yf
tflnsf g+=( M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf k|d'v gub]afnLsf] pTkfbg
tflnsf g+= !)M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf k|d'v t]nxg afnLsf] pTkfbg
tflnsf g++= !!M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf k|d'v d;nfhGo afnLsf] pTkfbg
tflnsf g+= !@ M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pknJw kz'kIfLsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= !#M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ufO{e}[;L / b'Uw pTkfbgsf] cj:yf
tflnsf g+= !$M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pTkflbt df;'sf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= !$--s_ M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf df5fsf] pTkfbg
tflnsf g+= !% M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf t/sf/Lsf] pTkfbg
tflnsf g+= !^M sDkgL /lhi6f/sf] sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z cjl:yt sDkgLx?sf] juL{s/0f
tflnsf g+= !& M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pBf]u Joj;fosf] If]qut l:ylt
tflnsf g++ !* M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pknJw vfgLx?
tflnsf g+= !(M g]kfndf rfdn pTkfbg
tflnsf g+= @) M ;'b'/klZrd k|b]zdf pTkflbt wfg
tflnsf g++ @! M ljZjdf wfg pTkfbgsf] s]xL k|d'v b]zx?sf] pTkfbg k|lt x]S6/sf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g++ = @@ M g]kfnsf] wfg rfdn cfoftsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g++ @# M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ux'Fsf] pTkfbg l:ylt
tflnsf g+= @$ M ;'b'/klZrd k|b]zdf ux'Fsf] pTkfbgsf] lhNnfut ljj/0f
tflnsf g++ @% Mg]kfnsf] ux'F cfoft
tflnsf g++ @^ M ;'b"/ klZrd k|b]zdf ds}sf] pTkfbg lhNnfut ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= @& M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ds}sf] pTkfbg / pkef]u
tflnsf g+= @* M g]kfnsf] ds} cfoftsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g++ @( M ds} pTkfbgsf k|d'v d'n'sx?sf] ds} pTkfbsTjsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g++ #) M ;'b"/ klZrd k|b]zdf pv' pTkfbg
tflnsf g+= #! M g]kfnsf] lrgL cfoft
tflnsf g+= #@ M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf cfn'sf] pTkfbg
tflnsf g+= ## M g]kfnsf] cfn' cfoftsf] ljj/0f
t:jL/ g+= #$ M;'b'/klZrd k|b]zdf pTkfbg eO{/x]sf] / x'g ;Sg] pmg pTkfbg
tflnsf g++ #% M g]kfnsf] cfn' pTkfbgsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g++ #^ M ef/tsf] t/sf/Lsf] cfoft
tflnsf g+= #&M cf]lne t]nsf] k|d'v pTkfbgstf{x?
tflnsf g+= #* cf]lne t]nsf] ljZj Jofkf/sf] l:yltM
tflnsf g+= #(M cf]lne t]nsf] ljZj lgof{t
tflnsf g+++ $) M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pTkfbg x'g] k|d'v hl8a'6Lx?
tflnsf g++= $! M @)&$ ;fndf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] h8La'6L
tflnsf g+= $@ M g]kfnsf] h8La'6L lgof{tsf] b]zut cj:yf
tflnsf g+= $# M ljZjsf] h8La'6L cfoftsf] cj:yf
tflnsf g+= $$ M @)&$ ;fndf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ;+slng ;lsg] vf]6f]
tflnsf g+= $% M 6k]{G6fOg t]n tyf /f]llhg / /]llhg Pl;8 lgof{t
tflnsf g+=$^ M6k{]G6fOg t]nsf] ljZj cfoft
tflnsf g+= $& M zLtsfnLg kmnkm'n pTkfbgsf] l:ylt
tflnsf g+= $* M u|LidsfnLg kmnkm'n pTkfbgsf] l:ylt
tflnsf g+= $( M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf b'UwhGo kbfy{ pTkfbgsf] l:ylt
tflnsf g++ %) M g]kfnsf] b'Uwkbfy{sf] cfoft
tflnsf g+++ %!M g]kfnsf] b'Uwkbfy{sf] lgof{t
tflnsf g+= %@ M ;'b/klZrd k|b]zdf hnljB't pTkfbg x'g] kfOknfOgsf cfof]hgfx?
tflnsf g++= %#M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zl:yt eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t cfj @)&$.&% df k|d'v k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf]
cfoft
tflnsf g+++= %$M g]kfnsf] dxsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/
tflnsf g++= %& M dxsf] ljZj cfoft
u|fkm !M g]kfnsf] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbg
u|fkm g+=@M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zl:yt eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t ePsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/
t:jL/ g++ ! M wfg
t:jL/ g+= @ ux'F
t:jL/ g+= # ds}
t:jL/ g+ $M cfn'
t:jL/ g+= % pmg
t:jL/ g++ ^ sfpnL
t:jL/ g+= & h}t'gsf] af]6
t:jL/ g+=* h8La'6L
t:jL/ g+++ * 88]Nw'/fsf] t:jL/
t:jL/ g++= ( 3f]8fr/0f If]q
t:jL/ g+= !) z'SnfkmfF6f /fli6o lgs'~h
gSzf g+= ! dfg;/f]j/ hfg] af6f]sf] gSzf
1
k[i7e"ld
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg cg';f/ d'n's ;+3Lo ;+r/gfdf k|j]z u/] ;Fu} k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ff c'g;f/ d'n'sdf
;ftj6f k|b]zx?sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o; Joj:yf cGtu{t k|b]zleqsf] Jofkf/ k|b]zleqsf] /fli6«o jg, hn
pkof]u tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg, s[lif tyf kz' ljsf;,snsf/vfgf, cf}Bf]lusLs/0f, Jofkf/ Joj;fo,
oftfoft,pBf]u tyf vlgh / ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ko{6g, cf}Bf]uLs/0f cGt/k|fb]lzs ¿kdf km}lnPsf] h+un, lxdfn, jg
;+/If0f If]q hn pkof]u h:tf ljifox? k|b]z ;/sf/ ;+nUg x'g] lqmofsnfksf ?kdf ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"lrdf Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 .
;dfg'kflts ljsf;, k|b]zleqsf ;+efjgfx?nfO{ phfu/ ub}{ tL ;+efjgfnfO{ sfof{Gjogfof]Uo agfO{ cfly{s j[l4af6
;Dj[l4 xfl;n ug]{ d'n dd{ k|fb]lzs ;+/rgfsf] Joj:yfleq cGt/gLlxt 5 . o;sf/0f Jojl:yt cWwogdf cfwfl/t
;+efjgfsf] klxrfg u/L ;f]nfO{ d"t{ ?k lbg] Jojxfl/s sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf b]lvG5 . Psflt/ s'g} k|b]zsf
pTkfbgx?n] ahf/ kfO{ g/x]sf] cj:yf 5 eg] csf]{lt/ cGo k|b]zx?df tL j:t'x?sf] cfk"lt{df Go'g x'g uO{
ljb]zaf6 x'g] cfoftaf6 k"lt{ ul//xg' k/]sf] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . k|b]z:t/df /x]sf] pTkfbgsf] oyfy{ cj:yf,
pTkfbg j[l4sf ;+efjgfx?, gofF pTkfbg If]qsf] klxrfg / ljBdfg ;d:ofx? tyf pTkfbg j[l4sf sfo{qmdx?
;~rfng ubf{ k|b]z cg';f/ ckgfpg' kg]{ ljlwsf] klxrfgsf] cfjZotfsf klg TolQs} 68\sf/f] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf] 5 .
d'n'sssf] cfoft lbgfg'lbg tLj|ultdf al9/x]sf] 5 eg] lgof{tdf lemgf] / :yL/ k|s[ltsf] j[l4n] ubf{ d'n'ssf]
Jofkf/3f6f lrGtfhgs ?kdf al9/x]sf] 5 . o;/L a9\bf] Jofkf/3f6fnfO{ Go'g ug{ gofF ;Defjgfx?sf] klxrfg ug{
h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g++=!M g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/
g]]kfnsf]] j}}b]lzs j:t' Jofkf/sf] ;fdfGo emns d'No ? cj{df
cfj @)&#÷&$ cfj @)&$÷&% j[l4 k|ltztdf
lgof{t 73.13 81.33 11.2
cfoft 985.95 1,245.19 26.3
s[lifhGo j:t'sf] cfoft 175.59 203.49 15.9
s[lifhGo j:t'sf] lgof{t 20.92 23.46 12.1
>f]tM Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|
pk/f]Qm k[i7e"lddf k|b]zdf pTkfbg x'g] k|d'v j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{, ;f] sf cfwf/df cfoft k|lt:yfkg
ug{ ;Sg] tyf lgsf;L ;+efjgf ePsf ePsf j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf] k|f]kmfOn tof/ ug]{ / cGt/k|fb]lzs Jofkf/sf]
;Defjgf ;d]t klxrfg ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 . oxL ljifonfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df o;
;DjGwL cWoog u/L k|ltjb]g tof/ ug{{ sfo{qmd jflif{s ah]6df ;dfj]z u/]sf] kl/k|]IonfO{ ;d]t b[li6ut ub}{
k|b]z:t/df pknJw lgof{t ;DefJo, cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] / cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ ;Defjgf ePsf j:t' tyf
;]jfx?sf] k|f]kmfOn tof/ ug{ nfluPsf] xf] .
2
k|b]zsf] ;fdfGo kl/ro
e"uf]n
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;fljssf dxfsfnLc~rnsf $ lhNnf / ;]tL c~rnsf % lhNnfx? ;d]6L ;'b"/klZrd
k|b]z sfod ul/Psf] 5 .ef}uf]lns ?kdf o; k|b]zn] lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ u/L tLg y/L e'uf]nnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 .
xfjfkfgLsf] b[li6sf]0fn] o; k|b]zdf pi0f b]lv w'|jLo ;Ddsf ;a} vfnsf xfjfkfgLx? ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 .
;'b'/klZrd k|b]zsf] s'n If]qkmn n] !(,%#( ju{ ls=ld= /x]sf] 5 . o; k|b]zsf] l;dfgf k"j{df s0ff{nL k|b]zsf
;'v]{t, b}n]v, sfnLsf]6 / d'u' lhNnf tyf % g= k|b]zsf] alb{of lhNnf kb{5 . klZrd / blIf0fdf ef/t, pQ/df
s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] x'Dnf lhNnf tyf ldq /fi6« rLgsf] :jzfl;t If]q ltAat /x]sf] 5 . ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z cGtu{t
bfr{'nf, a}t8L, 88]Nw'/f / s~rgk'/, aemfË, afh'/f, 8f]6L, c5fd / s}nfnL u/L hDdf ( lhNnf /x]sf 5g\ . !
pkdxfgu/kflnsf, ## gu/kflnsf / %$ ufpFkflnsf u/L hDdf ** :yfgLo tx o; k|b]zdf /x]sf 5g\ .
hg;f+lVosLo ljj/0f
@)^* ;fnsf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ g]kfnsf] s'n hg;+Vof @,^$,($,%)$ dWo] o; k|b]zsf] hg;+Vof @,%%@,%!&
/x]sf] 5 h'gs'n hg;+Vofsf] (=^#% x'g cfpF5 . o; dWo] k'?ifsf] hg;+Vof !@,!&,**&/ dlxnfsf] hg;+Vof
!#,#$,^#) /x]sf] 5 . ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cfwf/df ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] hg;+Vof lxdfnL If]qsf] hg;+Vof
$,^#,#$%-!*=!^%_, kxf8L If]qsf] hg;+Vof *,^@,@!%-##=&*%_ / t/fO{ If]qsf] hg;+Vof !@,@^,(%&
-$*=)^%_ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
k|d'v gbLgfnf / tfnx?
o; k|b]zsf k|d'v gbLx?df ;]tL gbL / dxfsfnL x'g cGo ;xfos gbLx?df rd]nLof, a'9Lu+uf, b/u+uf, ;'gf{of,
l9suf8, xf]k/Luf8, /+u'g, 8f]6]nL uf8, :kfnuf8, v'j6of, df]xgf, Zrz;}of, afg/f, cflb x'g . o; If]qsf kg]{ k|d'v
tfnx?df s}nfnL lhNnf 3f]8f3f]8L tfn ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;"lrs[t l;d;f/ If]qsf] ?kdf kl/lrt x'g'sf ;fy}
wfld{s b[ljsf]0faf6 ;d]t k|l;{4 5 . s~gk'/ lhNnfdf /x]sf] lemnldnf tfn, a]bsf]6 tfn, 88]Nw'/fsf] cfnLtfn,
8f]6L lhNnfdf /x]sf] 5ltjg tfn cflb 5g\ eg] 8f]6L, c5fd, aemfª / afh'/f lhNnfsf] lardf /x]sf] vKt8tfn
o; If]qsf] k|d'v klo6sLo cfs{if0fsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .
k|d'v wfld{s :ynx?
o; k|b]zdf y'k|} wfld{s :ynx? /x]sf 5g . h;dWo] 8f]6Lsf] vKt8, c5fdsf] /fdf/f]zg, afh'/fsf] a8Ldflnsf,
aemfªsf] tkf]jg, Clifs'08 / ;'df{;/f]a/, a}t8Lsf] /f}nfs]bf/ / l;uf;, bfr{'nfsf] dfn{sfh{'g, n6Lgfy, uNnfs]bf/ /
x'g}gfy, s}nfnLsf] a]x8fafaf cflb x'g . o; If]qsf k|d'v dGbL/x?df afh'/fdf a8Ldflnsf, aemfªdf ;'df{b]aL,
hNkmfb]aL, di6f / b'uf{, bfr{'nfsf] dfn{sfh{'g, n6Lgfy, uNnfs]bf/, a}t8Lsf] lq/k'/f;'Gb/L, lgËnf;}gL, huGgfy,
O{Zj/L u+ufwfd, s[i0fdlGb/, dxf?›, d]nf}nL eujtL, Ujfn]s s]bf/ / /ftflznf, 88]Nw'/fsf] pu|tf/f, efu]Zj/,
306]Zj/, 8f]6L36fn / a]tfn, c5fdsf] a}hgfy, adf{b]jL, 8f]6Lsf] z}n]Zj/L, s]bf/, nfgfs]bf/]Zj/, s~rgk'/sf]
l;4gfy, a}hgfy / lji0f' dlGb/, s}nfnLsf] uf]bfj/L,jgb]jL, a]+x0ff afaf tyf g}gfb]jL cflb k|d'v x'g.
3
k|d'v ko{6s :ynx?
o; If]qsf k|d'v k6{s :ynx?df vKt8, a'9LgGbf b]jL, z'Snfkmf6f, ;'df{;/f]a/ tfn, dxfef/tkj{t, 3g3Zofn]s,
e]N58f, kftfn e'd]Zj/, /f}nfs]bf/, 3f]8f3f]8L tfn, chod]?sf]6, cfnLtfn, a]tsf]6, Jof; lxdfn, ;}kfn lxdfn,
a8LdfnLsf, d]nf}nL eujtL,pu|tf/f dlGb/, l6sfk'/ kfs{,clk lxdfn, /fdf/f]zg If]q,bf]wf/frfbgL emf]n'Ë] k'n,s0ff{nL
k'n cflb kb{5g .
cfly{s kl/b[io
s'n u|fx:y pTkfbg
s]Gb|Lo tYofFs ljefusf] k|fb]lzs s'n u|fx:y pTkfbg ;DjGwL k|sflzt ;g\ @)!* sf] tYofFs cg';f/ g]kfnsf]
s'n u|fx:y pTkfbg ?= #$ va{ ^$ ca{ #@ s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)%&.%* df g]kfnsf] s'n u|fx:y
pTkfbg ?= $ va{ $! s/f]8 %@ nfv /x]sf] lyof] .
u|fkm !M g]kfnsf] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbg
>f]tM s]Gb|Lo tYofFs ljefu
o; cjlwdf s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf klg ;+/rgfut kl/jt{gx? b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . s'n u||fx:y pTKfbgdf s[lif / ag
If]qsf] of]ubfg qmdz 36\b} uPsf] b]lvG5 eg] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf u}/s[lif If]qsf] of]ubfgdf j[l4 eO{/x]sf] b]lvG5
.
g]kfnsf] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] sf] lx:;f ^=#* k|ltzt -? @ va{ @@ca{ (^ s/f]8_ ;lxt 5}7f}
:yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . of] k|b]zsf] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf s[lif tyf jg If]qsf] of]ubfg ;a}eGbf a9L /x]sf] 5 . If]qut
?kdf x]bf{ o; k|b]zsf] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] ;+/rgf b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .
-
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
g]kfnsf] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbg - @)%&.%*—@)&%.&^_
4
tflnsf g+= @M g]kfnsf] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] If]qut ljj/0f
d"No ? bz nfvdf
k|b]z
cf}Bf]lus juL{s/0f 1 2 3 u)*sL 5 s)ff{nL
;'b'/
klZrd
s[lif tyf ag 176095 154156 145259 85191 130064 38945 81637
dT:o 1858 8298 804 89 3230 21 361
vlgh 2528 2637 6223 2269 2968 666 1218
Dofg'km\ofSrl/ª 37640 25008 61098 9142 27831 1224 9248
ljBt', Uof; / kfgL 8352 2955 12643 7969 3176 1435 1633
lgdf{0f 43776 23520 61378 32494 41706 13056 21790
yf]s tyf 'v''b|f Jofkf/ 46179 53936 246729 22760 44778 7626 17920
xf]6]n tyf /]i6'/]06 9327 3008 24971 11015 7454 3525 3518
oftfoft, e08f/0f /
;~rf/ 23455 36375 107961 16394 30401 1611 5156
ljQ 17413 12511 123056 14895 19140 1796 4658
l/on:6]6, ef8f tyf
Jofkfl/s lqmofsnfkx? 33157 22271 225015 20676 29477 10195 12286
;fj{hls k|zf;g /
/Iff 12455 11876 14942 10022 13931 9220 10528
lzIff 33821 35623 45613 20707 38089 16921 25332
:jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs
sfo{ 10025 3463 12164 9209 10492 3836 4306
cGo ;fd'bflos,
;fdflhs tyf Jol
JolQmut ;]jf
lqmofsnfkx? 28059 11099 33165 22039 28223 8461 15376
s'n d""No of]u 484139 406736 1121020 284871 430959 118537 214966
lkml;d (FISIM) 11565 8309 81723 9892 12711 1193 3093
s'n u|fx:y pTkfbg
cfwf/ d""Nodf 472575 398427 1039297 274979 418248 117345 211873
6\ofS; dfOg; j:t'sf]
cg'bfg 33273 46069 393458 13228 34549 1915 9083
s'n u||fx:y pTkfbg 505848 444496 1432756 288207 452797 119259 220956 >f]tM s]Gb|Lo tYofFs ljefu
5
g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/
ljut bz jif{sf] g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/ tYofFs -j:t'tkm{_nfO{ x]bf{ cfoftdf ef/L j[l4 b]lvPsf] 5 eg] lgof{tsf]
cfsf/ / j[l4b/ b'j} ;fgf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ljut s]xL jif{sf] tYofFsnfO{ x]bf{ g]kfnaf6 lgof{t eO{ /x]sf k|d'v
j:t'x?df kf]lni6/ tyf cGo wfuf]{, kmnfd tyf :6Ln / ltgsf pTkfbgx?, pmgL un}rf, tof/L kf]zfs, h'6 tyf
h'6sf pTkfbg, h';, lrof, 6]S;6fOn, cn}+rL, klZdgf ;n, km]N6, hl8j'6L, d';'/f]sf] bfn / h'Qf /x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf] lgsf;L Jofkf/df ef/t, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf, hd{gL, 6sL{, o's], rLg, k|mfG;, a+unfb]z, , O6fnL, hfkfg,
Sofg8f, ci6«]lnof, g]b/n]08\; 8]gdfs{ cflb k|d'v ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] ljut bz jif{sf] j:t' Jofkf/ tkm{sf]
j}b]lzs Jofkf/sf] ;+r/gf b]xfo cg';f/ /x]]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= #M g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/sf] bz jif{sf] k|j[lQ
cfly{s jif{ lgof{t ? ca{df cfoft ? ca{df Jofkf/ 3f6f ? ca{df
@)^%÷^^ 68.60 291.00 222.40
@)^^÷^& 60.95 375.61 314.66
@)^&÷^* 64.56 397.54 332.97
@)^*÷&( 74.09 498.16 424.07
@)^(÷&) 77.35 601.21 523.86
@)&)÷&! 91.36 722.78 631.42
@)&!÷&@ 86.64 784.58 697.94
@)&@÷&# 71.14 781.15 710.01
@)&#÷&$ 73.13 985.95 912.83
@)&$÷&% 81.33 1,245.19 1,163.86
>f]tM Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|
o;} u/L g]kfndf cfoft x'g] k|d'v j:t'x?df k]6«f]lnod kbfy{, kmnfd tyf :6Ln / ltgsf pTkfbgx?, dlzg/L tyf
kf6{\;, oftfoftsf ;fwg / ltgsf kf6{k'hf{, On]lS6«s / On]S6«f]lgs ;fdfu|Lx?, cGg, xjfO{hxfh tyf xjfO{hxfhsf
kf6{\;, tof/L kf]zfs, ;'g, rfFbL / lx/f, cf}ifwL kf]lnlyg u|]Go'N;, /f;folgs dn, l;d]G6 lSnª\s/, b'/;~rf/sf
;fdfu|Lx? /x]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfnsf] k}7f/L Jofkf/df ef/t, rLg, o'PO{, k|mfG;, O08f]g]lzof, yfOn]08, Sofg8f,
dn]lzof, :jL6\h/n]08, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf, ch]{lG6gf, leotgfd, ;fpbL c/]laof, o'qm]g k|d'v ?kdf /x]sf 5g\.
g]kfnsf] lgof{tdf lemgf] cfsf/sf] j[l4 tyf ;fgf] cfoftg Pjd\ cfoftdf ljBdfg 7"nf] cfsf/ / ef/L j[l4sf sf/0f
d'n'ssf] Jofkf/ 3f6f aif]{gL ef/L b/n] j[l4 eO{ /x]sf] 5 . t/ of] Jofkf/3f6fsf k5fl8 ;sf/fTds kIfx? klg
6
cGt/gLlxt /x]sf 5g\ . ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf ;fdfu|Lx? h:t} kmnfd, :6Ln tyf ltgsf ;fdfgx?, l;d]G6,
cfn'd''lgod, tfdf h:tf j:t'x?sf] cfoftdf ePsf] j[l4n] d'n'ssf] ljsf;df ;sf/fTds of]ubfg lbPsf] b]lvG5 .
o;} u/L d'n'ssf nflu clt cfjZos cf}Bf]lus sRrfkbfy{x? h:t} sRrf kfd cfon, l;d]G6 lSn+s/, kf]lnlyg
Uo|fg'cn, /a/, /;fog h:tf j:t'x?sf] cfoft pNn]Vo ?kdf ePsf] 5 . dnsf] cfoftdf j[l4 b]lvtfklg o:tf]
cfoftn] s[lif pTkfbg j[l4df 7"nf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cfoftdf j[l4 eP tfklg k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] clwsfFz cfoft cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg, dfnj:t' 9'jfgL
tyf ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf vr{ eO{ /x]sf] ;Gbe{df oL j:t'x?sf] cfoftn] klg d'n'ssf] cy{tGqnfO{ ;an agfpg
dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbPsf] kfOG5 .
g]kfnn] ljutdf lgof{t ul//x]sf t/ jt{dfgdf cfoft ul//x]sf] j:t'x?
ljut s]xL bzs otf g]kfnsf] lgof{t Jofkf/df ;F/rtgfut kl/j{tgx? b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . s[lifhGom sfi7hGo
j:t'x?sf] v'b lgof{tstf{ d'n's xfn cfP/ oL pTkfbgx?sf] v'b cfoftfstf{ ePsf] 5 . lgof{tstf{ Jofkf/ tyf
lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|sf] tYofFs cg';f/ g]kfndf ljutdf wfg, rfdn, h'6 tyf h'6sf ;fdfgx?, ux'Fsf] kL7f] pNn]Vo
dfqf lgsf;L ul/x]sf] kfOP tfklg xfn cfP/ oL j:t'sf] cfoft ef/L dfqf x'g] u/]]sf] 5 . pQm j:t'x? dWo] wfg,
rfdn cflb ef/tdf lgsf;L eO{ /x]sf x'Gy] eg] ux'Fsf] kL7f] rLgtkm{ lgsf;L x'g] uYof]{ . xfn sRrf h'6 ljb]zaf6
cfoft u/]/ h'6sf k|zf]lwt pTkfbgx? lgsf;L ul/x]sf] 5f}+ .
s'g} ;do ef/tdf 7"nf] kl/df0fdf sf7 lgsf;L eO{/x] tfklg xfn cfP/ Dofgdf, O08f]g]lzof h:tf d'n'sx?af6
sf7x? cfoft eO{/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] ljutdf lgsf;L u/]sf / xfn cfoft ul//x]sf j:t'x?sf] pTkfbgnfO{ a[l4
ug]{ ;Defjgf /lx cfPsf] kl/k|]Ifdf tL j:t'x?sf] pTkfbg clea[l4 ul/ k'g M lgsf;L tyf cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ ug{
;lsG5 .
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zl:yt eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t j}b]lzs Jofkf/
cGo k|b]zsf eG;f/ sfof{nox? / ;'b"/klZrdsf eG;f/ sfof{onx? dfkm{t x'g] lgof{t cfoftdf tflTjs leGgtf 5
. ljlzi6 ef}uf]lns pkl:yltsf sf/0f s}nfnL eG;f/ sfof{no, s~rgk'/ eG;f/ sfof{n, em'nf3f6f eG;f/ sfof{no
/ tL eG;f/ sfof{no dfxxtsf 5f]6L eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t x'g] lgof{t cfoft ;'b"/klZrdsf] ahf/ nlIft
cfoft lgof{t x'g] ub{5 . tL eG;f/ ljGb"x?af6 x'g] lgof{t cfoft cGo k|b]zdf hfg] ;Defjgf Go'g /x]sf] :yfgLo
Joj;foLx?sf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 . o;y{ oL eG;f/ ljGb" eP/ x'g] lgof{t cfoft ;"b"/klZrd k|b]zaf6 x'g] lgof{t
cfoftsf ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .
;fljs ;'b"/klZrd ljsf; If]q / xfn ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] ;Ldfgf Pp6} ePsf] x'Fbf ljutsf] tYofFsnfO{ ;d]t x]bf{
o; k|b]zsf eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t ePsf] lgof{t / cfoftsf] k|j[lQ b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .
7
u|fkm g+=@M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zl:yt eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t ePsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/
cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df pk/f]Qm eG;f/ ljGb"x?dfkm{t ePsf] lgof{t / cfoft b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .
lgof{t
tflnsf g+=$M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t ePsf] k|d['v j:t'x?sf] lgof{t
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t ePsf] k|d['v j:t'x?sf] lgof{t
cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&%
j:t'sf] gfd d"No ? xhf/df
/f]lhg, /]]lhg Pl;8 /
6k]G6fOg t]n 596,386
jg:kltsf pTkfbgx? 127,354
sR5 18,435
hLljt hgfj/ 16,766
x:tsnfsf ;fdfgx? 12,238
;f/t]n 3,733
cGo 1,706
s'n 776,618
-
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
2071/72 2072/73 2073/74 2074/75
? ca{df
cfly{s jif{
;'b'?klZrd k|b]zl:yt eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkmt{ ePsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/
lgof{t
cfoft
8
>f]tM Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|
cfoft
tflnsf g++ %M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t ePsf] k|d['v j:t'x?sf] cfoft
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t ePsf] k|d['v j:t'x?sf] cfoft
cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&%
j:t'sf] gfd d"No ? xhf/df
vlgh OGwg 7,025,162
dlzg/L tyf kf6{\; 2,088,182
cGg 1,180,738
oftfoftsf ;fwggx? 921,963
tof/L vfB kbfy{ 876,650
sfuh 771,283
vfB pBf]usf] kl/sf/x? 630,911
t/sf/L 539,785
ljh'nLsf] ;fdfgx? 369,678
kmnkm'n 347,527
cGo 3,576,889
s'n 18,328,769
>f]tM Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|
;'b'/klZrd k|b]zdf cjl:yt eG;f/ ljGb"x?af6 ePsf] k|d'v s[lifhGo j:t'sf] cfoft
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{ ltg} y/Lsf] e'uf]ndf zLtf]i0f, ;dzLtf]i0f / u|Lid tLg} cf]6f hnjfo'df kmNg
;Sg] s[lif pTkfbgsf] ;+efjgf ePtfklg o; k|b]zdf s[lifhGo j:t'x?sf] cfoft klg k|z:t dfqfdf x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% ePsf] s[lif hGo j:t'x?sf] k|d['v cfoft b]xfo
adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .
9
tflnsf g++ ^ M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t ePsf] k|d'v s[lif hGo j:t'x?sf] cfoft
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t ePsf] s[lif hGo j:t'x?sf] k|d['v cfoft
cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&%
j:t'sf] gfd kl/df0f d]6=df d"No ? xhf/df
df5f 548 67,744
km'n 157 2,951
cfn' 99,471 382,561
tfhf Kofh 455 14,684
;'Vf Kofh 5,861 68,588
s]/f 589 27,515
cfFk 483 18,564
cFu'/ 520 27,961
:ofpm 907 61,223
ds} 12,913 301,504
rfdn 18,829 828,085
ddkmnL 2 1975.251
;:+o'{ 2,119 95,769
lrgL / ld7fO{ 1,771 107,639
lj:s'6 5,268 709,955
6f]i6]8 a|]8 250 42,026
a]s/Lsf kl/sf/x? 305 72,039
bfndf]7 1,835 290,035
s'/d'/] 5 1,177
l:k/L6 840 60,268
lkgf 11,833 576,276
;"tL{ 143 33,003
10
cWoogsf] p2]Zo / ck]lIft pknJwL
pk/f]Qm k[i7e"lddf k|b]z:t/df ljBdfg ;Defjgfx?sf] vf]hL / tL ;+efjgfx?nfO{ Jojxf/df ptf/L ljz]if u/L
k|b]zsf] cfly{s pGglQ / ;du|df b]zs} cfly{s ;d'GglQsf nflu kxn yfNg' cfjZos b]lvG5 . oxL knxsbdLsf]
Pp6f kf6f]sf] ?kdf k|b]z:t/df lgof{t ;Defjgf ePsf, foftk|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] / cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ ;Defjgf
ePsf j:t'x? tyf ;]jfx?sf] k|f]kmfOn tof/ ug{ cWoogsf] yfngL ul/Psf] xf] . o; cWoogsf] p2]Zo /
cWoogaf6 k|fKt pknJwL b]xfo adf]llhd /x]sf] 5 .
p2]ZoM
o; cWoogsf] p2]Zo b]xfo adf]lhd /x]]sf] 5 .
-!_ k|b]znfO{ cfly{s ?kdf cfTdlge{/ agfO{ lgof{t clej[l4 dfkm{t d'n'ssf]a9\bf] Jofkf/3f6fnfO{ sd ug{ ;xof]u
k'Øfpg]
-@_ cGt/ k|fb]lzs Jofkf/nfO{ clejl4 ug]{
-#_ cfofltt dfnj:t'x?nfO{ k|b]zdf pTkflbt dfnj:t'x?n] k|lt:yfkg ug]{,
-$_ k|b]z:t/df ;Defjgf ePsf j:t' tyf ;]jf Jofkf/sf cj;/x?nfO{ klxrfg u/L Jofkf/ k|j4{g tyf gLltx?
th"[{df ug{ ;xof]u k'Øfpg] .
-%_ eljiodf ul/g] cWoogsf nflu cfwf/ b:tfj]hsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{
pknJwLM
of] cWoog k|ltj]bgaf6 ;du|df l;+uf] d'n'snfO{ / ljz]iftM o; k|b]znfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf pknJwL x'g] b]lvPsf]
5 .
-!_k|b]zsf lgof{t ;Defjgf ePsf j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf] hfgsf/L x'g],
-@_ k|b]zdf cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf] klxrfg x'g]
-#_ cGt/ k|b]z Jofkf/sf ;Defljt j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf ;"lr tof/ x'g]
-$_ pk/f]Qm ;"lrsf cfwf/df lgof{t ;Defjgf ePsf, cfoft k|lt:yfkg x'g] / cGt/ k|b]z Jofkf/ ;Defjgfsf
af/]df k|b]znfO{ gLlt th'{df ug{ pkof]uL x'g]
-%_ eljiodf ;dfg k|s[ltsf cWoog ug{ ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]
11
cWoogsf] ljlwM
of] cWoog ub{f ;j{k|yd ljleGg >f]tx? h:t} s[lif tyf kz'k+IfL dGqfno, k|b]z ;/sf/af6 k|sflzt b:tfj]hx?,
pBf]u ljefu, sDkgL /lhi6f/sf] sfof{no, s[lif ljefu, vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefu, s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu, jg
ljefuaf6 ljB't ljsf; ljefu, vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7g, cfOl6;L, Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb| nufotsf
ljleGg pknJw l4tLos tYofÍ (Secondary Data) pkof]u ul/Psf] 5 . cWoogsf qmddf ;+VofTds -
Quantitative_ / u'0ffTds -Qualitative_ tYofFsx? b'j} k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . ;+VofTds tYofFsx? pknJw x'g
g;s]sf] cj:yfdf u'0ffTds tYofFsnfO{ ;d]t k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . pQm tYofÍaf6 k|fKt pTkfbg ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
pBf]u ;DaGwL ljj/0f, vfgL ;DaGwL ljj/0fnfO{ tflnlss/0f tyf jlu{s/0f ug{] sfo{ ul/of] . tTkZrft pQm
tYofÍ tyf ljj/0fx? pk/ k|b]z l:yt ljleGg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, pBdL, Joj;foLx?;+u cGt/lqmof u/L ?h' ug{]
sfo{ ;DkGg ul/of] . To;af6 k|fKt lg:sif{x?af6 k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L pQm k|ltj]bgdf pn\n]lvt ljifox?
pk/ ;/f]sf/jfnf ;/sf/L lgsfox?, k|b]z l:yt p.jf. ;+3sf] ;xeflutfdf k|b]zsf] /fhwfgLdf k|:t'lts/0f ug{'sf
cltl/Qm /fo ;'emfj ;+sng ug{] sfo{ ul/of] .;Dk"0f{ /fo ;'emfjnfO{ ;d]6L of] k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
cWoogsf ;Ldfx?
o; cWoogsf qmddf b]xfo adf]lhdsf ;Ldfx? /x]sf 5g\ . oL ;Ldfx?leq /xL cWoognfO{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 .
-!_ låtLos -Secondary_ tYofFssf] clws k|of]u
-@_ Dofg'km\ofSrl/ªtkm{ pTkfbgsf] tYofFs sdLn] ;"rgfdf a9L lge{/ x'g'
-#_ s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbg tYofFs @)&#÷&$ df ;Lldt /xg'
-$_ ;]jf Jofkf/tkm{sf] If]qut tYofFs pknJw x'g g;Sg'
-%_ k|b]z:t/df pkef]usf] tYofFs pknJw gx'g'
12
Jofkf/sf b[li6df ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] SWOT ljZn]if0f
;flxTo k'g/fjnf]sg, k|b]z ;/sf/ / lghL If]q;Fu ul/Psf] cGt/lqmofsf cfwf/df ;'b"/klZrdsf] ;du| kIf -
;antf, b'a{ntf, cj;/ / xfFs _ sf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] lgrf]8x? k|fKt ePsf 5g\ .
tflnsf g+= &M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z SWOT ljZn]if0f
;an kIf b'j{n kIf
hnljBt'df PsltxfO{ lx:;f k"jf{wf/sf] sdL
ef/t / rLg hf]8g\ k|b]z bIf hgzlQmsf] sdL
ef/tlt/sf] 7"nf] hg;Vof lzIffsf] sdL
lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{sf] ;Fud
vfBfGgdf nueu nueu cfTdlge{/
ax'd"No h8La'6Lsf] e08f/
e'uf]n cg';f/ a}df};dL cuf{lgs pTkfbg x'g]
ko{6gsf] pHHjn ;Defjgf
clk ;okfn lxdfnsf] cj:lylt
dfg;/f]j/sf] 5f6f] af6f]
cj;/x? xfFs
nufgLsf nflu pj{/ cGt/k|b]zLo k|lt:kwf{
ef/t / rLgsf] ahf/ v'Nnf ;Ldfgf
phf{sf] e08f/ Osf]gf]dL :s]nsf] sdL
;:tf] >d hgtfsf] qmozlQm Go'g
sd vlr{nf] hLjgofkg
13
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf s]xL k|d'v s[lifhGo j:t'x?sf] pTkfbg l:ylt
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf lxdfn b]lv t/fO{;Dd kmNg] ;a} k|sf/sf vfBfGgx? k|z:tdfqfdf pTkfbg x'G5 . ;'b"/klZrdsf]
jt{dfg hg;+Vof, g]kfnsf] cf};t k|ltJolQm pkef]u / pTkfbgsf cfwf/df x]bf{ ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] k|wfg vfBfGg
afnLsf] pTkfbg pkef]u / ;Gt'ngsf] cj:yf b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .
vfBfGg
tflnsf g+= *M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf cGg pTkfbgsf] cj:yf
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf cGg pTkfbgsf] cj:yf - cflly{s jif{ @)&#.&$_
VffBfGg pTkfbg d]=6= pkef]u d]=6= ;Gt'ng d]=6=
rfdn 403462 327755 75707
ds} 98947 48,969 49978
ux'F 294034 58,895 235049
sf]bf] 15053 9,738 5765
kmfkm/ 158 278 —!@)
hf}+ 6613 278 6435
>]ftM s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfno tyf s]Gb|Lo tYofFs ljefusf] Pg'cn xfp;xf]N9 ;a]{ @)!$.!% tyf
/lli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*
k|d'v gub]jfnLM-cfly{s jif{ @)&#.&$_
;'b"/klZrd k|b]z vfBfGg h:t} gub]jfnL nflu k|Voft /x]sf] 5 . o; k|b]zdf t]nxg / cfn' k|z:t dfqfdf
pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . o; k|b]zsf k|d'v gub]afnLx?sf] cfly{s jif{ @)&#.&$df t]nxg, cfn' / pv'sf]
pTkfbg b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+=( M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf k|d'v gub]afnLsf] pTkfbg
t]nxg If]qkmn x]S6/df 30,731
pTkfbg d]= 6= 39,893
cfn' x]S6/df 14,918
pTkfbg d]= 6= 200,368
pv' x]S6/df 5,665
pTkfbg d]= 6= 246,470
>f]tM s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfno, @)&#.&$
14
k|d'v t]nxgsf] pTkfbg -cfly{s jif{ @)&#.&$_
tflnsf g+= !)M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf k|d'v t]nxg afnLsf] pTkfbg
tf]/L
If]qkmn x]S6/df 27,271
pTkfbg d]= 6= 29,631
;:o"
If]qkmn x]S6/df 127
pTkfbg d]= 6= 79
/fof] If]qkmn x]S6/df 43
pTkfbg d]= 6= 31
;"o{d'vL If]qkmn x]S6/df 78
pTkfbg d]= 6= 88
ltn If]qkmn x]S6/df 528
pTkfbg d]= 6= 536
abfd If]qkmn x]S6/df 77
pTkfbg d]= 6= 99
cfn; If]qkmn x]S6/df 545
pTkfbg d]= 6= 344 >f]tM s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfno, @)&#.&$
d;nfhGo j:t'x? -cfly{s jif{ @)&#.&$_
d;nfdf k|of]u x'g] s[lifhGo pTkfbgx? klg ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf k|z:tdfqfdf pTkfbg x'g] ub{5 . s[lif tyf
kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfnosf] cfly{s jif{ @)&#.&$ sf] tYofFs cg';f/ k|b]zdf d;nfhGo s[lif j:t'x?sf] pTkfbg
b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g++= !!M;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf k|d'v d;nfhGo afnLsf] pTkfbg
cn}rL s'n If]qkmn 18
pTkflbt If]qkmn 7
pTkfbg 3
cb'jf If]qkmn x]S6/df 1,590
pTkfbg d]= 6= 26,408
n;'g If]qkmn x]S6/df 1,647
pTkfbg d]= 6= 14,991
a];f/ If]qkmn x]S6/df 1,350
pTkfbg d]= 6= 15,781
v';f{gL If]qkmn x]S6/df 1,065
pTkfbg d]= 6= 3,546 >f]tM s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfno, @)&#.&$
15
kz'kIfL
tLgcf]6f hnjfo'o'Qm e'uf]nsf] sf/0f ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ;a}k|sf/ kz'kIfLx? k|z:t dfqfdf kfOG5g\ . k|z:tdfqf
r/g If]qsf] pknJwtf tyf kz'kfng cfocfh{gsf] d'Vo >f]t /x]sf sf/0f klg o; k|b]zdf kz'kIfLx? kfng x'g]
u/]sf] 5 h;sf] ljj/0f o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= !@ M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pknJw kz'kIfLsf] ljj/0f
kz'kIfLsf] gfd ;FVof
ufO{j:t' 1,010,845
e};L 519,599
e]8f 102,571
afv|f 1,078,290
;'Fu'/ 60,288
s'v'/f 2,987,428
xfF; 13,618 >f]tM s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfno, @)&#.&$
b'w pTkfbgsf] cj:yf
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ufO{ e};L ;a}k|sf/ b'w pTkfbg x'g] u/] tfklg e};Lsf] b"wsf] lx:;f c? b'wsf] lx:;fsf] t'ngfdf
a9L /x]sf] 5 . ufO{ / e};Lsf] ;+Vof nueu a/fa/ /x]tfklg s'n b'w pTkfbgdf e};Lsf] b'wsf] lx:;f sl/j %^
k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf b'wfn' ufO{ e};L / b'w pTkfbgsf] ljj/0f o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= !#M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ufO{e}[;L / b'Uw pTkfbgsf] cj:yf
ufO{j:t'sf] gfd ;+Vof
b'w lbg] ufO{ 148055
b'w lbg e}+;L 148465
ufO{s]f b'w d]=6=df 92062
e};Lsf] b'w d]=6= df 116792
s'n b'w pTkfbg d]=6= df 208854
16
df;' pTkfbg -cfly{s jif{ @)&#.&$_
tflnsf g+= !$M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pTkflbt df;'sf] ljj/0f
df;'sf] k|sf/ pTkfbg d]=6=df
/fuf 18605
v;L 7354
;'fu'/ 1024
s'v'/f 2802
xfF; 7
s'n 29792
kFIfL / c08f
lj/0f ;+Vof xhf/df
s'v'/fsf] c08f 47913
xf;sf] c08f 503
s'n 48416
df5f
tflnsf g+= !$ M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf df5fsf] pTkfbg
lj/0f ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z
kf]v/L ;+Vof 2,502
If]qkmn 313
pTkfbg d]=6= 1,377
t/sf/L
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf tLgj6} hnjfo'df 5 cf]6} Ct'df kmNg] t/sf/Lx? pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . s[lif tyf kz'kIfL
ljsf; dGqfnosf] cfly{s jif{ @)&#.&$ df k|sflzt tYofFs cg';f/ o; k|b]zdf pTkflbt t/sf/Lsf] ljj/0f
o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= !% M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf t/sf/Lsf] pTkfbg
ljj/0f pTkfbg d]=6= ljj/0f pTkfbg d]=6=
sfpnL 21,918 ef06f 14,883
aGbf 24,312 Kofh 21,323
a|f]sfpnL 930 sfqmf] 21,159
6df6/ 22,691 km;L{ 14,812
d'nf 21,013 ltt]s/]nf 8,532
;fu 12,551 a/]nf 318
17
ljj/0f pTkfbg d]=6= ljj/0f pTkfbg d]=6=
ufFh/ 671 l3/f}nf 6,447
uf06]d'nf 233 lrlr08f] 5,039
e]8] v';f{gL 1,256 nf}sf 13,510
s]/fpm sf];f 3,487 s'lk08f] 646
u]8fu'8L 30578 t/a'hf 5,711
?v 6df6/ 20 wlgofsf] kft 5,969
cas/] 269 d]yLsf] kft 6,006
v';fgL{ 20,871 >f]tM s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfno, @)&#.&$
k|d'v pBf]ux?sf] ljj/0f
;'b"/klZrd k|b]z cf}Bf]lusLs/0fsf] o'udf k|j]z ug{ nfu]sf] 5 . o; k|b]zdf lrgL, lj:s'6, dlb/f, vfB k|zf]wg
nufot 7"nf / ;fgf pBf]ux? :yfkgf eO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5g\ . o;k|b]zdf /x]sf pBf]ux?sf] ;+IfLKt ljj/0f
b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 . ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] pBf]u, ko{6g jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] tYofFs cg';f/ lhNnfdf
s'n @)%#& ljleGg :t/sf pBf]ux? :yfkgf eO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . tL pBf]ux?f s'n ? !@ ca{ nufgL
/x]sf] / ;f]af6 jflif{s ? %# ca{sf] pTkfbg x'g] tYofFs /x]sf] pQm dGqfnosf] tYofFsdf pNn]lvt 5 . o;} u/L
;g\ @)!* df ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf lgDg k|sf/sf pBf]ux? sDkgL /lhi6f/sf] sfof{nodf btf{ eO{ ;~rfngdf
cfPsf 5g\ .
tflnsf g+= !^M sDkgL /lhi6f/sf] sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z cjl:yt sDkgLx?sf] juL{s/0f
sDkgL /lhi6f/sf] sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z cjl:yt sDkgLx?sf] juL{s/0f
@)!*
lgdf{0f 215 wft' 4 lhof]6]s 1
Jofkf/ 99 ahf/ Joj:yfkg 3 af|vf| cg';Gwfg 1
s[lif 91 kz'cfxf/ 2 xf8{j]o/ 1
lzIff 87 O6f 2 Xofr/L 1
k/fdz{ 56 ljh'nL pBf]u 2 nufgL 1
oftfoft / 9'jfgL 54 dT:okfng 2 df;' 1
tfnLd s]Gb| 43 h'Qf 2 cf}ifwL cfk"lt{ 1
cfltYo pBf]u 33 tof/L kf]zfs 2 kfgL 1
;~rf/ 31 OG6/g]6 ;]jf 2 Kof/fUnfO8 1
6'/ P08 6«fen 22 uxgf 2 uxgf 1
18
k|fljlws s]Gb| 21 vlgh 2 Knfli6s pBf]u 1
OlGhl/ol/ª 20 t]n 2 KnfO{ 1
lSnlgs 15 s[lif ag 1 5fkvfgf 1
c:ktfn 14 s[lif cg';Gwfg 1 cg;Gwfg 1
c6f]df]afOn 11 s[lif ko{6g 1 cg';Gwfg 1
;'/Iff ;]jf 6 je]/]h 1 afn'jf k|zf]wg 1
ljQ ;]jf 5 s]jn 1 :qm\ofk 1
vfB pBf]u 5 s]jnsf/ 1 ljpm sDkgL 1
l/;f]6{ 5 l86/h]G6 1 ;fa'g pBf]u 1
dgf]/~hg 4 Osdz{ 1 ax'd"No k:t/ 1
h8La'6L tyfs sfi7 5 kz'cfxf/ pBf]u 1 wfuf] pBf]u 1
dlb/f 5 kfs]{l6ª 1 jGohGt' cg';Gwfg 1
>f]t sDkgL /lhi6f/sf] sfof{no
o;} u/L s]lGb|o tYofFs ljefusf] g]kfnsf] cfly{s u0fgf @)&% df ;'b"/klZr k|b]zsf] ;du| pB]fu Joj;fosf]
lj:t[t lrq0f k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 h;sf] ljj/0f o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= !& M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pBf]u Joj;fosf] If]qut l:ylt
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pBf]u Joj;fosf] If]qut l:ylt
If]q ;'b"/klZrd
k|lti7fg ;+Vof ;+nUg hgzlQm
s[lif, jg tyf df5fkfng Joj;fo - btf{ ePsf k|lti7fgdfq_ 1,921 5576
vfgL tyf pTvgg 116 164
cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg 7,743 26684
ljB't, UofF;, jfkm tyf jftfg's'lnt cfk'lt{ 195 1271
kfgL cfk'lt{,9n, kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg tyf k|zf]wg lqmofsnfk 86 356
lgdf{0f 147 1061
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/, df]6/ uf8L, df]6/;fOsnsf] dd{t 33,398 60262
oftfoft tyf uf]bfd 228 1031
19
cfjf; ;'ljwf tyf vfgf Joj:yfsf lqmofsnfk 7,468 16707
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ 155 1220
ljQLo tyf ljdf ;DaGwL lqmofsnfk 951 7866
3/hUuf sf/f]af/sf lqmofsnfk 4 15
k]zfut, j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws lqmofsnfk 491 1026
k|zf;lgs tyf ;xof]uL lqmofsnfk 180 575
lzIff 4,368 42771
dfgj :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{sf lqmofsnfk 1,833 9633
snf, dgf]/~hg tyf dgf]ljgf]b lqmofsnfk 88 287
cGo ;]jf lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug]{ k|lti7fg 3,596 8695
hDdf 62,968 185,200
>f]tM s]lGb|o tYofFs ljefu
vlgh / vlghsf pTkfbgx?
;'b"/klZrd k|b]z vlgh >f]tdf klg wgL k|b]zsf ?kdf /x]s]f 5 . vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefusf] tYofFs cg';f/
o;k|b]zsf pknJw vfgLsf] lhNnfut ljj/0f b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g++ !* M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pknJw vfgLx?
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pknJw vfgLx?
lhNnf vfgLsf] ljj/0f
c5fd
a]l;s /s, ;'g, sfOgfO6, dfOsf, k]udfO6, kfO/fO6, o'/]lgod, a]l;s
/s
;'g
sfOgfO6
dfOsf
k]udf6fO6
kfO/fO6
o'/f]lgod
a]l;s /s
j}t8L
sf]afN6
8f]nf]dfO6
;'g
kmnfd
r'g9''Fuf
DofUg];fO6
20
kmf]:kmf]/fO6
6fNs
o'/f]lgod
lh+s
aemfª
P06Ldf]gL
cf;]{lgs
a]l;s /s
qmf]ldod
sf]afN6
sf]afN6
;'g
u|]gfO6
kmnfd
DofUg];fO6
dfOsf
k]udf6fO6
kmf]:kmf]/fO6
kfO/fO6
Sjfh{
Sjfh{fO6
:n]6
l6g
o'/f]lgod
afh'/f
lh+s
a]l;s /s
sf]afN6
;'g
kmnfd
kmf]:kmf]/fO6
o'/f]lgod
88]Nw'/f
tfdf
u|]gfO6
rfFbL
:n]6
l6g
6Fu:6g
lh+s
21
cf;]{lgs
lj;dy
sf]afN6
;'g
bfr'{nf
a]l;s /s
sf]afN6
sf]afN6
8f]nf]dfO6
;'g
kmnfd
ln8
DofUg];fO6
kfO/fO6
Sjfh{fO6
6fNs
6Fu:6g
o'/f]lgod
s}nfnL ;'g
>f]tM vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefu
;]jf Jofkf/
;]jf Jofkf/sf If]qdf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ko{6g / :jf:Yo ;]jfsf If]qdf a9L ;Defjgfx? b]lvPsf 5g\ .
-s_ ko{6gM
;'b"/klZrd ef}uf]lns b[li6sf]0fn] ljljwtfo'Qm / ;'Gb/ k|b]z ePtfklg o; k|b]zdf 3'Dg cfpg] ljb]zL ko{6sx?sf]
;+Vof cToGt Go'g /x]sf] 5 . ko{6g dGqfnoaf6 k|sflzt tYofFs cg';f/ ;g\ @)!& df o; k|b]zdf s'n % xhf/
$ ;o ^) ko{6sn] e|d0f u/]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfndf ko{6ssf] cf};t !@=^ lbg a;fO{ / %$ 8n/ k|ltlbg vr{sf
lx;fan] o; k|b]zdf ;g\ @)!& df ko{6g ;]jf dfkm{t s/Lj !( ca{ hlt a}b]lzs d'b|f cfh{g ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;
cltl/Qm s'n b]jtfsf] k'hf, hfqf, kj{ dfGg / k'Vof}nL tLy{:yndf g]kfnleq}af6 klg xhf/f}+ xhf/ dflg;x?
;'b"/klZrd k|b]z 3'Dg] u/]sf] kfOG5. . oftfoftsf] pknJwtf;Fu} xfnsf jif{x?df clk ;okfn kbofqf, vKt8,
/fdf/f]zg, al8dflnsf cflb If]qdf 3'Dg hfg] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof klg a9\g yfn]sf] :yfgLo Joj;foLx?sf] egfO
/x]]sf] 5 .
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] ko{6sLo :ynx?
o; If]qdf ko{6sLo lx;fan] dxTjk"0f{ ;}kfn lxdfn, al8dflnsf, /fdf/f]zg, ;'df{ ;/f]j/, clkgDkf ;+/If0f If]q,
3f]8f3f]8L /fd;f/ If]q, z'SnfkmfF6f /fli6«o lgs'~h, l6sfk'/ kfs{, s0ff{nL rL;fkfgL, vKt8 /fli6«o lgs'~h nufot
cGo l;d;f/ tfntn}ofx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
22
ko{6sLo dxTjsf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z sf] k'/ftflTjs ;Dkbfx?
o; k|b]z cGtu{t ;fF:s[lts tyf k'/ftflTjs dxTj ;Dkbfx¿df d'VotM ps'sf eUgfjz]ifx¿, kftLsf gfpnf,
b]jnxf6sf gfpnf, b]jnxf6sf b]jnx¿, l/dufpFsf b]jnx¿, du/ufpFsf] 9'+u]wf/f, wd{zfnf, tNnfb]xL eujtL
dlGb/, b]jn lbJok'/sf b]jnx¿, dl0fn]s b]jn, chod]?sf]6, huGgfy dlGb/, chod]?sf Gofpnfx¿, xf6ufpFsf
b]jnx¿, jL/vDasf] wd{zfnf, sf]6]nLsf] b]jn, cd/u9L lsNnf, lgnkgn dlGb/, lrk'/sf] ;efd08k, cd/u9L
wd{zfnf, uf]/]n eujtL dlGb/, a'9L 36fn, 8fu]Zj/L dlGb/, 36fn:yfgsf] blIf0f 8fF8fsf] k|frLg eUgfjz]ifx¿,
l;+xk'/sf] k'/ftflTjs :yn, b]jn afFem, a8Ldflnsf, 8'8Ld'u|, gfpnf, rGb|gfy dlGb/, a8Ldflnsf dlGb/, dflnsf
u9L / dflnsf dlGb/, ph]nL ufpFsf] b]jn, z}n]Zj/L dlGb/, /fgL kf}jf, lbkfonsf]6 / sf]6 e}/j, sfnfufpFsf] b]jn,
ljgfossf k~rb]jn, tfnsf]6fsf] b]jn, ljgfossf] slgsf b]jn, ljgfossf] 9'Fu]wf/f s'rLlaxf/, bgf{sf]6 b/af/,
efu]Zj/sf] Psb]jn, afF;;}gsf] b]jn, b]jnu8fsf] Ps b]jn, sfnfufpFsf] 9'+u]wf/f, gfO{ufpFsf] 9'+u]wf/f, d+un]Zj/L
dlGb/, ;]/fsf] 9'+u]wf/f / k|frLg cjz]ifx¿, Ps b]jn, wdfnLsf b'O b]jn, bgf{sf]6 glhssf] k~rb]jn, uef{ b/af/,
wgu9L b/af/, ;ft alxgL b]jLsL, !@ efO{ di6fsf] c7f/ efO{ a08fnLsf yfgx?, 3]3|sf] a08fnL, d06f]df8f}+,
afNofdf8', n6\ofsf yfg, ;fr'nf, kfFr'nL, dgfGof yfg, ;ft alxgL b]jLsL, j}hgfy /x]sf 5g\ .
-v_ :jf:Yo ;]jf
;'b"/klZrdsf] s}nfNLsf] u]6fdf cjl:ylt cfFvf c:ktfndf g]q pkrf/sf nflu xhf/f}+ ef/tLox? cfpg] ub{5 . o;
jfkt g]kfnnfO{ s/f}8f}+ cfDbfgL x'g] ub{5 . o; If]qsf] Jojl:yt ljsf; ug]{ xf] eg] eljiodf ;''b"/klZrd k|b]z g]q
pkrf/sf nflu ef/tLox?sf] cfsif{s s]Gb|sf ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf k|an /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cfly{s jif{
@)&$.&% df dfq} o; c:ktfnn] ef/tLo ;]jfu|fxLaf6 ? $,%(,@^,))) cfDbfgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
otf :jb]zdf kof{Kt lrls:;s / c:ktfnsf] cefjdf cGo lj/fdLx? 7'nf] ;+Vofdf ef/t hfg] / ;f] jfkt 7"nf]
/sd aflxl/g] u/]sf] :jf:Yo If]q;Fu ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 .
lzIff ;]jfM
k|b]zdf pRr lzIffsf nflu kof{Kt z}lIfs ;+:yfx?sf] sdLn] ubf{ ef/t, t]>f] / d'n'ssf cGo e"efudf ljBfyL{x?
k9\g hfg] u/]sf kfOG5 . o; k|b]zaf6 sf7df8f}+, g]kfnu~h nufot cGo If]qdf 7"nf] ;+Vofdf ljBfyL{x? k9\g
hfg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
23
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pTkfbg x'g], lgof{t ;Defjgf ePsf, cfoft
k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] tyf cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ ;Defjgf ePsf j:t'x?sf]
ljZn]if0f
cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ tyf cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] j:t'x?
-!_ wfg rfdnM
t:jL/ g++ ! M
>f]tM u'unOd]h
g]kfndf rfdn pTkfbgsf] l:yltM
g]kfndf cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$ df rfdnsf] s'n pTkfbg #% nfv %^ xhf/ ^ ;o @@ d]=6= ePsf]
kfOG5 . k|b]zut cfwf/df x]bf{ k|b]z g+= !, k|b]z g+= @, k|b]z g+= % / ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf rfdnsf]
pTkfbg clws ePsf] kfOG5 . o;/L ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf clws ePsf] rfdn ljz]if u/L kfos kg]{
glhssf] k|b]z s0ff{nL k|b]zdf cfk"lt{ ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
24
tflnsf g+= !(M g]kfndf rfdn pTkfbg
k|b]z pTkfbg -d]=6g_ pkef]u ;Gt'ng
! 765,324 582,308 183,016
@ 887,679 693,918 193,761
# 347,409 710,008 - 362,599
u08sL 288,516 308,654 -20,138
% 773,280 577,728 195,552
s0ff{nL 90,951 201,649 - 110,699
;'b"/klZrd 403462 327,755 75,707
hDdf 3,556,622 3,402,021 154,601
>f]tM s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfno
s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfnosf] cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$ sf] tYofFs cg';f/ g]kfnsf] wfgsf] pTkfbsTj ##^*
s]hL k|lt x]S6/ /x]sf] 5 . ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf wfgsf] pTkfbsTj ##^) s]hL k|ltx]]S6/ /x]sf] 5 h'g /fli6«o cf};t
eGbf ( s]hL k|ltx]S6/ sd /x]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfnsf] s'n wfg rfdn pTkfbgdf o; k|b]zsf] lx:;f !!=#$ k|ltzt
/x]sf] 5 eg] s'n wfg rfdn pTkfbg If]qkmndf o; k|b]zsf] lx:;f !!=#& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o cf};tnfO{
sfod x'g] u/L l;rfO{, dn, cfw'lgs k|ljlwlsf] k|of]u / pGgt jLpmsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;s]sf] v08df yk ! xhf/ %
;o !) d]=6=yk pTkfbg x'g] b]lvG5 . ef/tn] wfg pTkfbgdf sfod u/]sf] dfgsnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;f]xL cg?k
pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf yk *^ xhf/ ! ;o ^! d]=6= wfg pTkfbg x'g] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf g+= @) M ;'b'/klZrd k|b]zdf pTkflbt wfg
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pTkflbt wfg
lhNnf If]qkmn pTkfbg pTkfbg s]hL k|lt x]S6/
afh'/f 3,310 7,003 2,116
aemfª 7,100 23,430 3,300
bfr'{nf 4,480 11,795 2,633
c5fd 16,580 34,818 2,100
8f]6L 10,668 23,683 2,220
a}t8L 8,000 18,540 2,318
88]Nw'/f 6,226 23,523 3,778
s}nfnL 71,700 283,224 3,950
s~rgk'/ 48,496 167,311 3,450
25
;'b?klZrd k|b]z 176,560 593,327 3,360
g]kfn 1,552,469 5,230,327 3,369
k|b]zsf] lx:;f 11.37 11.34
/fli6«o cf};tnfO{ sfod /fVbf x'g] yk
pTkfbg
1,510
ef/tsf] /fli6«o cf};tnfO{ sfod /fVbf
x'g] yk pTkfbg d]=6=
86,161
ljZj wfg pTkfbgdf g]kfnsf] l:yltM
ljZj vfB ;+u7gsf] ;g\ @)!& sf] tYofFs cg';f/ ljZj wfg pTkfbgdf g]kfnsf] :yfg !& cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] 5
eg] ljZj s'n pTkfbgdf g]kfnsf] lx:;f )=% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g++ @! M ljZjdf wfg pTkfbgsf] s]xL k|d'v b]zx?sf] pTkfbg k|lt x]S6/sf] ljj/0f
ljZjsf] wfgsf] pTkfbsTj d]=6= k|ltx]S6/, @)!&
afnL a|fhLn rLg ef/t g]kfn o'P;P
wfg 6.21 6.91 3.85 3.37 8.41
>f]t vfB tyf s[lif ;Fu7g
g]kfnsf] wfg, rfdn cfoft
g]kfn s[lifk|wfg d'n's ePtfklg 7"nf] kl/df0fdf wfg rfdn ljb]zaf6 cfoft eO{ /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] s'n wfg
rfdn cfoftdf ef/tsf] lx:;f sl/j (( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g++ = @@ M g]kfnsf] wfg rfdn cfoftsf] ljj/0f
g]kfnsf] wfg rfdn cfoftsf] ljj/0f -cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&%_
b]z kl/df0f d]=6=df d"No ? ca{df k|lt s]hL d"No ? df
ef/t 733,869 29.04 98.8 40
cGo 5,339 0.37 1.2 69
s'n 739,208 29.41 100.0 40
s[lif tyf kz'k+IfL dGqfno pTkfbg ;DaGwL tYofÍ tyf s]lGb|o tYofÍ ljefusf] dfgjn] k|ltlbg pkef]u ug{]
kl/df0f -k|lt jif{ k|lt Jolt !!&=* s]=hL_nfO{ x]bf{ g]kfnsf] wfg pTkfbg ck'u /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] cf=j
@)&$.&%sf] cfoft tYofÍ x]bf{ d'n'sdf sl/j @( c/j ?k}of a/fa/sf] &,#(,@)* d]= 6g wfg, rfdn, slgsfx?
cfoft u/]sf] b]lvG5 . dfgj pkef]usf b[li6n] g]kfnsf] s'n wfg rfdn pTkfbg art /x]tfklg of] wfg rfdnsf]
dfgj pkef]usf ;fYf} ljleGg dlb/f HfGo pBf]u, ufFO j:t'sf] bfgf, km|]NS; cflbdf pkof]u eO/x]sf] 5 . olb
d'n'sdf l:f+rfO, pGgt hftsf] aLp / ;dodf dnx? k'¥ofpg ;lsodf clws pTkfbg eO{ cfoftnfO{ Go"g ug{
;lsG5 .
26
ux'F
t:jL/ g+= @
>f]tM s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb
g]kfnsf] csf]{ k|d'v vfBafnLdf ux'F klg kb{5 . ljZjsf] s'n ux'F pTkfbgdf g]kfnsf] lx:;f s/Lj )=@$ k|ltzt
/x]sf] 5 . s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfnosf] tYofFs cg';f/ ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ux'F pTkfbg @ nfv ($ xhf/
#$ d]=6 /x]sf] 5 eg] @ nfv #% xhf/ )$( d]=6= art b]lvG5 . ux'F pTkfbg x'g] g]kfnsf] s'n If]qkmndf
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] lx:;f sl/j !(=$& /x]tfklg s'n ux'F pTkfbgdf o; k|b]zsf] lx:;f sl/j !%=^% k|ltzt
/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ux'F pTkfbgsf] k|lt x]S6/ pTkfbgnfO{ sfod ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] o; k|b]zdf yk &! xhf/ * ;o
(# d]=6= yk ux'F pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5 . of] kl/0ffd cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ tyf cGo vfB pBf]udf k|of]u ug{
;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g++ @# M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ux'Fsf] pTkfbg l:ylt
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ux'Fsf] pTkfbg l:ylt
ljj/0f kl/df0f d]=6=
pTkfbg 294,034 /fli6«o cf};tdf pkef]u 58,985
;Gt'ng 235,049
tflnsf g+= @$ M ;'b'/klZrd k|b]zdf ux'Fsf] pTkfbgsf] lhNnfut ljj/0f
lhNnf If]qkmn pTkfbg pTkfbg s]hL k|lt x]S6/
afh'/f 4,975 5,473 1,100
aemfª 10,982 14,826 1,350
bfr'{nf 5,065 8,469 1,672
27
c5fd 14,580 23,321 1,600
8f]6L 12,280 24,687 2,010
a}t8L 20,900 19,334 925
88]Nw'/f 8,724 17,954 2,058
s}nfnL 34,530 101,863 2,950
s~rgk'/ 31,253 78,108 2,499
;'b?klZrd k|b]z 143,289 294,034 2,052
g]kfn 735,850 1,879,191 2,554
k|b]zsf] lx:;f 19.47 15.65
/fli6«o cf};t sfod /fVbf
x'g] yk pTkfbg
71,893
ef/tsf] ux'Fsf] cf};t
pTkfbg sfod /fVbf x'g]
yk pTkfbg
167,261
;+o'Qm /fHo cd]ll/sfsf]
ux'Fsf] cf};t pTkfbg
sfod /fVbf x'g] yk
pTkfbg
152,215
tflnsf g++ @% Mg]kfnsf] ux'F cfoft
g]kfnsf] ux'F cfoftsf] ljj/0f -cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&%_
b]z kl/df0f d]=6=df d"No ? ca{df k|ltzt lx:;f k|lt s]hL d"No ? df
ef/t 104895.5
2.84
99.99 27.09
cGo 3.5278
0.00
0.01 70.57
s'n 104899.1
2.84
100.00 27.09
s[lif tyf kz'k+IfL dGqfno pTkfbg ;DaGwL tYofÍ tyf s]lGb|o tYofÍ ljefusf] dfgjn] k|ltlbg pkef]u ug{]
kl/df0f -k|lt jif{ k|lt Jolt @!=@ s]=hL_nfO{ x]bf{ g]kfn ux'Fdf artdf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] cf=j @)&$.&%sf] cfoft
tYofÍ x]bf{ d'n'sdf sl/j @=*$ c/j ?k}of a/fa/sf] !)$*((=! d]= 6g ux'F cfoft u/]sf] b]lvG5 . of] ux'F dfgj
pkef]usf ;fYf} ljleGg dlb/f HfGo pBf]u, kz'kIfLsf] cfxf/ -bfgf_, rfpmrfpm, lj:s'6, cf]6\;,, kfp/f]6L cflbdf
pkof]u eO/x]sf] 5 . olb d'n'sdf l:f+rfO, pGgt hftsf] aLp / ;dodf dnx? k'¥ofpg ;lsPdf clws pTkfbg
eO{ cfoftnfO{ Go"g ug{ ;lsG5 .
28
ds}
t:jL/ g+= #
>f]tM s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb
g]kfnsf] csf]{ k|d'v vfBafnLdf ds} klg kb{5 . ljZjsf] s'n ds} pTkfbgdf g]kfnsf] lx:;f s/Lj )=@) k|ltzt
/x]sf] 5 . s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfnosf] tYofFs cg';f/ ;'b'?klZrddf ds} pTkfbg (* xhf/ ( ;o $&
d]=6 /x]sf] / cf};t /fli6«o pkef]usf cfwf/df lx;fj ubf{ o; k|b]zdf $* xhf/ ( ;o ^( d]=6= ds} pkef]u eO{
afFsL $( xhf/ ( ;o &* d]=6= art ePsf] b]lvG5 . ds}df jrtsf] cj:yf b]lvPtfklg of] dfgj pkef]usf
b[li6n] dfq art /x]sf] / cf}Bf]lus k|of]hg, km\n]S;, dlb/f nufot kz'cfxf/df ;d]t k|of]u x'g] kIfn] ubf{ ds}sf]
cfoft ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf l;lh{gf ePsf] xf] . ctM ;"b'/klZrd k|b]zdf /x]sf] da}sf] jtr kl/0ffd cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/
tyf cGo vfB pBf]udf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .
of] kl/0ffd cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ tyf cGo vfB pBf]udf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . o; k|b]zsf] ux'F
pTkfbgsf] lx:;f g]kfnsf] s'n ds} pTkfbgdf If]qkmndf %=#$ k|ltzt / pTkfbgdf $=#) k|ltzt lx:;f /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . /fli6«o cf};t k|lt x]S6/ pTkfbgnfO{ sfod /fVg l;+rfO{ dn, ljpm cflblsf] kof{Kt Joj:yf ug{ ;s]sf]
v08df o; k|b]zdf yk @# xhf/ & ;o &! d]=6= ds} pTkfbg x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf g++ @^ M ;'b"/ klZrd k|b]zdf ds}sf] pTkfbg lhNnfut ljj/0f
ljj/0f ds}
lhNnf If]qkmn
x]S6/
pTkfbg d]=6= pTkfbg s]hL k|lt
x]S6/
afh'/f 790 1,171 1,482
aemfª 4,200 5,460 1,300
bfr'{nf 5,523 11,012 1,994
29
c5fd 6,685 14,707 2,200
8f]6L 3,505 7,711 2,200
a}t8L 14,500 23,925 1,650
88]Nw'/f 3,755 13,143 3,500
s}nfnL 6,125 15,618 2,550
s~rgk'/ 2,950 6,200 2,102
;'b?klZrd k|b]z 48,033 98,947 2,060
g]kfn 900,288 2,300,121 2,555
k|b]zsf] lx:;f 5.34 4.30
/fli6«o cf};t sfod /fVbf x'g] yk pTkfbg 23,771
ef/tsf] pTkfbsTj sfod /fVbf x'g] yk pTkfbg
d]=6= 50915
*a|fhLnsf] pTkfbsTj sfod /fVbf x'g] yk pTkfbg
d]=6=
170915
* :6fl6sf86sd / s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfno @)&#.&$
tflnsf g+= @& M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ds}sf] pTkfbg / pkef]u
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ds}sf] pTkfbg l:ylt
ljj/0f kl/df0f d]=6=
pTkfbg 98,947
pkef]u -/fli6«o cf};tdf_ 48,969
;Gt'ng 49978
tflnsf g+= @* M g]kfnsf] ds} cfoftsf] ljj/0f
g]kfnsf] ds} cfoftsf] ljj/0f -cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&%_
b]z kl/df0f d]=6=df d"No ? ca{df k|ltzt lx:;f k|lt s]hL d"No ? df
ef/t 460,228 11.5 96.7 25.03
cGo 6,624 0.4 3.3 59.36
s'n 466,852 11.9 100.0 25.51
30
tflnsf g++ @( M ds} pTkfbgsf k|d'v d'n'sx?sf] ds} pTkfbsTjsf] ljj/0f
s]xL k|d'v d'n'sx?sf] ljZjsf] ds}sf] pTkfbsTj d]=6= k|ltx]S6/, @)!&
afnL a|fhLn rLg ef/t g]kfn ?; o'P;P
ds} 5.62 6.11 3.12 2.55 4.90 11.08
pv'M
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pv' pTkfbg eO{ To;af6 lrgL tyf l:k/L6 ;d]t pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g++ #) M ;'b"/ klZrd k|b]zdf pv' pTkfbg
;'b"/ klZrd k|b]zdf pv' pTkfbg * ;'b"/klZrddf
cg'dflgt lrgL pTkfbg
d]=6=
ljj/0f If]qkmn x]S6/df pTkfbg d]=6=
df
pTkfbsTj k|lt
x]S6/ k|lt s]hL
pmv' 5,665 246,470 43,508
24647
ef/tsf] cf};t pv' pTkfbg sfod ubf{ x'g] yk pTkfbg d]=^=df 20673
* bz d]=6= pv'af6 ! d]=6= lrgL pTkfbgnfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf
kmf]A;{Ol08ofsf cg';f/df ef/tdf k|lt x]S6/ pv' pTkfbg cf};t *) d]=6= /x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf klg
jt{dfg pv'v]tLnfO{ g} sfod /fvL pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug]{ xf] eg] yk @! xhf/ d]=6 lrgL pTkfbg x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 .
g]kfnsf] cf};t lrgL vktsf] tYofFsnfO{ x]bf{ ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf sl/j @! xhf/ d]=6= lrgL cfjZos /x]sf] /
afFsL @$ xhf/ d]=6= lrgL cGo k|b]zdf cfk"lt{ ug{ ;lsg] of ljb]z lgof{t ug{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf g+= #! M g]kfnsf] lrgL cfoft
g]kfnsf] lrgL cfoftsf] ljj/0f - cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&%_
b]z kl/df0f d]=6= d"No ? ca{df k|lt s]hL d"No k|ltzt lx:;f
kfls:tfg 133,159 5.83 43.78 50.8
ef/t 56,205 3.19 56.69 27.8
OlhK6 16,125 0.99 61.30 8.6
aFunfb]z 7,307 0.36 49.47 3.2
yfOn]08 5,827 0.33 57.24 2.9
cGo 14,357 0.77 53.83 6.7
s'n 232,980 11.47 49.24 100.0
>f]tM Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|
31
cfn'
t:jL/ g+ $M
t:jL/ >f]tM 8f= sflnsfk|;fb pkfWofo
g]kfnsf] k|d'v t/sf/Ldf cfn' klg kb{5 . ljZjsf] s'n cfn' pTkfbgdf g]kfnsf] lx:;f @^ cf}+ :yfg ;lxt
g]kfnsf] s'n lx:;f s/Lj )=& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfnosf] tYofFs cg';f/
;'b'"/klZrd k|b]zdf cfn' pTkfbg @ nfv # ;o ^* d]=6 /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= #@ M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf cfn'sf] pTkfbg
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf cfn'sf] pTkfbg
lhNnf If]qkmn pTkfbg d]=^ pTkfbg s]hL k|lt
x]S^/
afh'/f 1,855 20,275 10,930
aemfª 1,404 12,900 9,188
bfr'{nf 658 8,427 12,807
c5fd 411 3,705 9,013
8f]6L 2,405 32,550 13,534
a}t8L 665 7,448 11,200
88]Nw'/f 838 14,047 16,763
32
s}nfnL 5,010 75,100 14,990
s~rgk'/ 1,672 25,916 15,500
;'b?klZrd k|b]z 14,918 200,368 13,431
g]kfn 194,115 2,691,037 13,863
k|b]zsf] lx:;f 7=7 7=5
/fli6«o cf};tnfO{ sfod /fVbf x'g] yk pTkfbg 6444 d]=^=
*ef/t pQ/k|b]zsf] cf};t k|lt x]S6/ @#=( d]=6= nfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf
x'g] yk pTkfbg
149747
*DofK;ckmOl08of86sd
tflnsf g+= ## M g]kfnsf] cfn' cfoftsf] ljj/0f
g]kfnsf] cfn' cfoftsf] ljj/0f -cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&%_
b]z kl/df0f d]=6=df d"No ? ca{df k|ltzt lx:;f k|lt s]hL d"No ? df
ef/t 360,297 5.95 96.34 16.50
aFunfbz 17,479 0.23 3.66 12.94
cGo 1 0.00 0.00 24.14
33
pmg
t:jL/ g+= %
>f]tM Ol;df]8
;'b"/klZrdsf afh'/f aemfª, bfr'{nf / s}nfnL lhNnf- :yfgLo e]8f_ df k|z:t dfqfdf e]8f pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf]
kfOG5 . oL e]8fx?af6 aflif{s ;/b/ % ;o ($ d]=6= pmg pTkfbg u/]sf] kfOG5 . o; If]qdf pGgQ e]8fkfng ug]{
xf] eg] jflif{s # xhf/ ^ ;o d]=6 pmg pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . g]kfnn] jflif{s ? #=#@ ca{sf] sl/j %=% d]=6 pmg
cfoft ul//x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pGgt hftsf] e]8fkfng ug]{ xf] eg] pQm cfoftsf] 7"nf] lx:;f
k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf Psflt/ /x]sf] 5 eg] cGo k|b]z vkt x'g] pmg klg of] k|b]zaf6 cfk"lt{ ug{ ;lsg]
b]lvG5 .
34
t:jL/ g+= #$ M;'b'/klZrd k|b]zdf pTkfbg eO{/x]sf] / x'g ;Sg] pmg pTkfbg
;'b'/klZrd k|b]zdf pTkfbg eO{/x]sf] / x'g ;Sg] pmg pTkfbg
lhNnf e]8fsf] ;+Vof
pmg
s]hLdf
k|lt e]8f k|lt s]hL
pTkfbg
Go'hLn]08sf] pTkfbgnfO{ sfod /fVbf x'g] yk
pTkfbg k|lt e]8f $=% s]hLsf b/n]
afh'/f 21248 15787 0.74 95,616
aemfª 25223 18741 0.74 113,504
bfr'{nf 22888 17006 0.74 102,996
c5fd 3085 2451 0.79 13,883
8f]6L 665 491 0.74 2,993
a}t8L 745 554 0.74 3,353
88]Nw'/f 457 320 0.70 2,057
s}nfnL 20225 15027 0.74 91,013
s~rgk'/ 7953 5909 0.74 35,789
k|b]zsf]
s'n 102489 76286 0.74 461,201
g]kfnsf]
s'n 801975 594312 0.74 3,608,888
35
lgof{t ;DefJo j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf] ljZn]if0f
h}ljs t/sf/LM
t:jL/ g++ ^
>f]tM s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb
;'b"/klZrd k|b]z ef/tsf] cfly{s ultljlwsf] dxTjk"0f{ s]Gb| gofF lbNnLsf] glhssf] k|b]zsf /x]sf] 5 . ljZj e/L
pQm If]qdf ljiffbL /lxt /}yfg] hftsf] / df};dL t/sf/Lsf] g]kfn nufot ljZj e/L g} cfsif{0f a9\bf] 5 .
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] e"uf]ndf lxdfnL kxf8L / t/fO{ tLgj6} e'efudf km/s km/s df};ddf /}yfg] hftsf t/sf/L
pTkfbg u/L ef/tLo ahf/df lgsf;L ug{ ;lsg] ;DEffjgf /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} d'n'ssf cGo k|b]zx?nfO{ o; k|sf/
t/sf/Lx? cfk"lt{ ug]{ klg ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
tflnsf g++ #% M g]kfnsf] cfn' pTkfbgsf] ljj/0f
ljj/0f pTkfbg d]=6= ljj/0f pTkfbg d]=6=
sfpnL 21,918 cas/] 269
aGbf 24,312 v';fgL{ 20,871
a|f]sfpnL 930 ef06f 14,883
6df6/ 22,691 Kofh 21,323
d'nf 21,013 sfqmf] 21,159
;fu 12,551 km;L{ 14,812
ufFh/ 671 ltt]s/]nf 8,532
36
ljj/0f pTkfbg d]=6= ljj/0f pTkfbg d]=6=
uf06]d'nf 233 a/]nf 318
e]8] v';f{gL 1,256 l3/f}nf 6,447
s]/fpm sf];f 3,487 lrlr08f] 5,039
u]8fu'8L 30578 nf}sf 13,510
?v 6df6/ 20 s'lk08f] 646
t/a'hf 5,711 wlgofsf] kft 5,969
d]yLsf] kft 6,006
>f]tM s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfno
ef/tdf klg t/sf/Lsf] cfoft a9\bf] b]lvG5 . ef/tsf] jfl0fHo ljefuaf6 k|sflzt tYofFs cg';f/ ;du|
t/sf/Lsf] cfoft ? ! ca{ #^ s/f]8 k'u]]sf] 5 h'g cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] t'ngfdf sl/j #^ k|ltzn] a9L xf] .
ef/tLo hgtfsf] a9\bf] qmozlQm / ef/tdf t/sf/L cfoftsf] a9\bf] cfFs8fn] ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] t/sf/L ef/t
lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
tflnsf g++ #^ M ef/tsf] t/sf/Lsf] cfoft
ef/tsf] t/sf/Lsf] cfoft d"No ? s/f]8df
t/sf/Lsf] gfd ;g\ @)!^.!& ;g\ @)!&.!* j[l4 k|ltzt
cfn' 1.5
Kofh 0.3 19.0 5,468.0
n;'g 0.1 0.7 769.9
bb' 1.0
sf]x/ajL 6.9 7.4 7.7
cGo t/sf/L 0.1 0.1 17.5
sGbd"n 0.1 0.2 122.3
sf];f t/sf/L 0.6
s''l/nf] 5.9 7.3 23.9
e]8]v';fgL{ 0.0 0.1 50.5
cGo sf];f 4.0 3.1 —@#=%
:jL6 sg{ 0.5 0.7 39.4
cGo t/sf/L 0.0 0.2 781.8
lk|he{8 cf]lne 15.0 16.5 10.2
sfs|f lk|hE9 0.1 0.5 281.2
Rofpm 0.2 0.7 253.5
cGo Rofpm 3.2 2.7 —!$=#
ldl>q t/sf/L 6.7 12.0 77.5
;'Vvf Kofh 3.2 4.0 26.6
;'VVf Rofpm 2.8 0.5 —*@=*
37
t/sf/Lsf] gfd ;g\ @)!^.!& ;g\ @)!&.!* j[l4 k|ltzt
6«kmn 1.9 1.0 —$*=(
cGo 49.4 57.0 15.3
s'n 100.6 136.8 36.0
>f]tM jfl0fHo ljefu, ef/t ;/sf/
h}t'gsf] t]n
t:jL/ g+= &
>f]tM lb lxdfnog 6fOD;
k[i7e"ldM
cf]lne t]n ljZjsf] vfB t]n kl/sf/sf] k|d'v j:t'sf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . o; afnLnfO{ c+u]|hLdf cf]lne (Olive) / ;+:s[t, lxGbL, g]kfnL, c/las efiffdf h}t'g (Jaitun) elgG5 . o'/f]kdf v]tL ul/g] h}t'gsf] a}1flgs gfd cf]lnof
o'/f]kf (Olea europaea var. Sativa L.) xf] / g]kfnsf] pQ/–klZrdL lhNnfx?df kfOg] :yfgLo hftsf]
h+unL h}t'gnfO{ (Olea cuspidata) elgG5 . e"dWo ;fu/Lo If]q h}t'g v]tLsf] nflu pa{/ e"ld ePsf]n]
k/fk"j{sfn b]lv o;sf] v]tL ul/b}+ cfPsf] 5 / cfh klg ljZjdf h}t'gsf] s"n v]tL dWo] (% k|ltzt v]tL ToxL
If]qdf ul/G5 .
h}t'gsf] t]n vfg / 3:gsf] nflu ;a} t]n dWo] pQd dflgG5 . of] t]ndf lrNnf] Pj+ n]l;nf]kg sd x'g] ePsf]n]
/f]uL, afns, a[4 / df]6f dflg; ;d]tn] ;xh} ;]jg ug{ ;S5g\ .
38
g]kfndf h}t'g -cf]lne_ sf] cj:yf
/}yfg] hftsf] hËnL h}t'g k/fk"j{ sfnb]lv k|fs[lts ?kdf kxf8sf] !))) ld6/ b]lv @#)) ld6/sf] prfO{df x's{b}–
km}lnb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df h}t'gnfO{ d'Vo ?kdf cIff+zsf] lx;fan] gk'Ug] lr;f] kxf8sf] prfOn] k"/f
ug]{, jflif{s jiff{ klg sd -!))) ld= ld= eGbf tn_ x'g], sl/a tLg dlxgf lr;f] x'g] / afFsL gf} dlxgf Gofgf] x'g]
ePsf] sf/0fn] pQ/–klZrd If]q h}t'g v]tLsf] nflu pko'Qm b]lvPsf] 5 . o; If]qdf ljz]if u/]/ aemfª, afh'/f,
d'u', x'Dnf, sflnsf]6, 8f]Nkf, ?s'd, hfh/sf]6, d':tfËsf] h+unL h}t'g kfOg] ;"Id ks]6 If]q df pGgt hftsf h}t'g
/fd|f] x'g ;Sg] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;g\ !(&* b]lv g]kfnsf ljleGg 7fpFdf ljleGg ;dodf s]xL h}t'gsf lj?jf nufpg]
sfd ePklg j}1flgs 9Ën] Jojl:yt ?kdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'/f]w / kxndf O6nL ;/sf/sf] cfly{s ;xof]u Pj+
sf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf afh'/fsf] sf]N6L / 8f]Nkfsf] h'kmfndf @* hftsf o'/f]lkog h}t'g lj?jf ;g\ @))^ df nufO{
cWoog k/LIf0f au}+rf :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . tL k|of]ux? ;Gtf]ifhgs kfOP kl5 g]kfn ;/sf/n] h}t'g ljsf;sf
nflu cf=j= @)&@.)&# b]lv @)*!.)*@ ;Ddsf] !) jif]{ sfo{ljlw agfO{ sfo{qmd ;'? u/]sf] 5 . afh'/f lhNnfnfO{
h}t'g hf]g 3f]if0ff u/L To; If]qdf h}t'g ljsf;sf lglDt sfo{ yfngL u/]sf] 5 / afh'/fs} sf]N6L If]qdf kmnkm"n
ljsf; lgb]{zgfno cGt/ut h}t'g ljsf; s]Gb| :yfkgf x'g] ePsf] 5 . ->f]tM kmnkm'n ljsf; lgb]{zgfno, sLlt{k'/_
.
cf]lne t]nsf] ljZj pTkfbgsf] cj:yfM
ljZjsf cf]lne t]nsf] pTkfbgdf o'/f]k]nL / dWok"j{ PlzofnL tyf pQ/L clk|msL b]zx?sf] jr{:j /x]sf] 5 . oL
b]zx?n] dfq ljZjsf] cf]lne t]n pTkfbgsf] sl/j *$ k|ltzt lx:;f cf]u6]sf] kfOG5 .
tflnsf g+= #&M cf]lne t]nsf] k|d'v pTkfbgstf{x?
cf]lne t]nsf] k|d'v pTkfbgstf{x? -@)!^/!&_
b]z pTkfbg 6gdf
:k]g 1,290,600
u|L; 195,000
O6fnL 182,300
6sL{ 178,000
df]/f]Ssf] 110,000
l;l/of 110,000
6\o'lglzof 100,000
cGo 420,600
ljZjsf] s'n 2,586,500
>f]tM ljlslkl8of
tflnsf g+= #* cf]lne t]nsf] ljZj Jofkf/sf] l:yltM
cf]lne t]nsf] ljZj cfoft
cfoftstf{ d"No xhf/ o'P; 8n/df
ljZj 8467263
O6fnL 1861261
o'P;P 1524544
:k]g 598511
39
cfoftstf{ d"No xhf/ o'P; 8n/df
k|mfG; 568779
a|fhLn 435247
kf]r'{un 393401
hd{gL 337949
hfkfg 318714
o's] 284348
Sofg8f 229300
rLg 167811
cGo 1747398
>f]tM cfOl6;L
tflnsf g+= #(M cf]lne t]nsf] ljZj lgof{t
lgof{tstf{ d"No o'P; *n/df
ljZjsf] s'n 8157458
:k]g 3581115
O6fnL 1642147
6\olglzof 751563
kf'r]{ufn 682041
u|L; 677101
6sL{ 239600
ch]lg6gf 77331
l;l/of 76620
lrnL 71289
;"'b"/ klZrd k|b]zdf cf]lne t]n pTkfbgsf] ;Defjgf
kmnk'mn ljsf; lgb]{zgfnosf cg';f/ afh'/fdf xfn @) xhf/ x]S6/ If]qkmndf cf]lnesf af]6x? km}lnPsf 5g\ .
afh'/f lhNnfsf] cf]lne t]nsf] ;Defjgf / ahf/nfO{ b]xfosf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
• Affh'/fM @)))) x]S6/ ->f]t, kmnkm'n ljsf; lgb]{zgfno_
• pTkfbsTjM ljZjsf] cf};t !=* d]6
• afh'/fdf tTsfn ug{ ;lsg] cg'dflgt pTkfbg M #^))) d]6
• t]nsf] pTkfbg -bfgfsf] tf}nsf] #) k|ltzt_M M !@))) d]6
• g]kfnsf] h}t'gsf] t]nsf] cfoftsf] cf};t d"NoM ? $#(=#* • afh'/fsf] h}t'gsf] t]nsf] s'n d"NoM ? %=@& ca{ cg'dflgt
• :jb]zsf] cfoft k|lt:yfkgM ? )=)% ca{
• lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] d"NoM ? %=@@ ca{ ahf/
ef/tdf xfn pknJw ahf/M ? $=$ ca{
rLgdf xfn pknJw ahf/M ? !*=% ca{
40
cf]lne t]n If]qdf g]kfndf ljBdfg ;d:ofM
;/sf/sf] k|fyldstf, ljZjsf] cfsif{s ahf/df / :jb]zdf klg cf]lne t]nsf] pkef]u ug{{{ k|j[lQdf cfPsf] j[l4sf
afah'b klg cf]lne t]nsf] ljsf; cem} klg z}zjf:yfdf g} /x]sf] 5 . ljz]if u/L h}t'gsf] v]tL lj:tf/, t]n
lgsfNg], To;sf] ahf/Ls/0f ug]{ / u'0f:t/ sfod ug]{ ljifodf ;dfg'kflts ?kdf cl3 a9\g g;Sbf o; If]qsf]
ck]lIft ljsf; x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
nlIft ahf/M
cf]lne t]nsf] nflu rLg, o'/f]lkog o'lgog, ef/t tyf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf k|d'v ahf/df ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ . oL
ahf/df x?df cf]lne t]n lgof{t ug{ ;DjlGwt d'n'sn] nfu' u/]sf u'ff:t/sf k|fjwfgx? ljz]if u/L
;fO6f]P08kmfO6f] ;]lg6/Lsf] k|df0fkq, n]alnª -:6f]/]hsf] cj:yf, ;Defljt xfgLsf/s tTjsf] hfgsf/L_, cfoft
cg'dlt / cfoft ul/g] pTkfbg btf{, ;'Id hLjf0f' ;Ldf / Pdcf/Pn ;DjGwL k|fjwfgsf] kfngf, /]S;df btf{ eO{
;f] cg';f/ lgof{t ul/g'kg]{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .
cf]lne t]nsf] ljsf;sf nflu rflng' kg]{ sbdx?M
-s_ cfly{s k|fljlws ;xof]uM
cf]lne t]nsf] ljsf; u/L o;nfO{ lgof{t k|j4{g, cfoft k|lt:yfkg, :yfgLo /f]huf/L l;h{gf, ul/aL lgjf/0f tyf
;dfg'kflts ljsf; k|j4{gsf nflu cf]lne t]nsf] ljsf; ul/g' clt cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu h}t'g v]tLsf]
ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu ljz]if u/L ;/sf/n] 5gf}6 u/]sf] afh'/f lhNnfdf :yfgLo s[ifsx?nfO{ cfjZos lj?jf
nufot cfly{s / k|fljlws ;xof]u ul/g' clt h?/L 5 .
-v_ vl/bsf] k|Tofe"ltM
o;sf ;fy} h}t'g pTkfbs s[ifsx?sf] pTkfbgsf] vl/b ug{{{ ;/sf/n] vl/bsf] k|Tofe"ltsf] Joj:yf ug'{ klg TolQs}
cfjZos 5 .
-u_ cfw'lgs sf/vfgf :yfkgfdf ;/sf/sf] ;xof]uM
cf]lne t]nsf] k|zf]wg / k|lji6gsf nflu cfw'gs cf]lne ldn :yfkgfdf lghL If]q / ;/sf/LIf]qn] ;+o'Qm
kxnsbdL lng' cfjZos 5 .
-3_ u'0f:t/ k|df0fLs/0fsf] k|of]uzfnf :yfkgfM
cf]lne t]nsf] u'0f:t/ k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu cfjZoskg{{] k|of]uzfnf / dfGotf k|fKt k|df0fkqsf] Joj:yf ug'{ cem
a9L 68\sf/f] cfjZostfsf ?kdf b]vf k/]sf] 5 .
-ª_ ljb]zL nufgLM
cf]lne t]nsf] ;Gbe{df d'n'sleq cg'ejsf] sdL Psflt/ /x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ o;sf] pTkfbg, k|zf]wg /
ahf/Ls/0fdf xfdL w]/} g} kl5 5f}+ . o; sdhf]/ kIfnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ cf]lne t]nsf] pTkfbg, k|zf]wg /
ahf/Ls/0fdf l;4x:t dflgPsf / sxlnPsf b]zx? :k]g, O6fnL, kf]r'{un, u|L;, hd{gL nufotsf b]zx?sf lghL
If]q;Fu ;xsfo{x? x'g klg TolQs} h?/L 5 . ljz]if u/L o; If]qdf j}b]lzs nufgLsf dfWodaf6 k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f
/ ahf/ lj:tf/ ug{{] /0fgLlt cFuLsf/ ug'{ plrt b]lvG5 . ljz]if u/L l6:6'ª If]qdf hd{gLsf] ;FnUgtf / afh'/fdf
41
O6fnLsf] ;+nUgtfaf6 cf]lne t]ndf oL b'O{ b]zsf] O{R5f s'g} g s'g} ?kdf k|s6 ePsf] 5 . ptf ef/t / rLg klg
cf]lne t]nsf] cfoftstf{sf ?kdf pbfO{/x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf hd{gL, O6fnL, ef/t / rLgsf] ;xsfo{df g]kfnL s[ifs,
pBdL / Joj;fox?sf] ;+o'Qm kxnsbdLdf g]kfnnfO{ cf]lne t]nsf] blIf0f tyf k"jL{ Plzofsf] s]Gb| agfpg] u/L
/0fgLltx? th'{df ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .
-r_ yk lhNnfsf v]tL lj:tf/M
xfn afh'/df dfq ;Lldt /x]sf] cf]lne t]nsf] ;+efjgfx? aemfª, c5fddf klg plQs} /x]sf] cj:yfnfO{ ;d]t
b[li6ut ubf{ ;'b"/klZrdsf kxf8sf lhNnfx?n] l;+uf] blIf0f / k"jL{ Plzofdf pknJw cf]lne t]nsf] dfunfO{ ;xh}
wfGg ;Sg] Ifdtf /fVb5g\ .
-5_ ahf/ k|j4{gM
cGt/f{li6«o d]nf k|bz{gLdf Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|sf] kxndf lg/Gt/ ;xeflutf, la6'aL ;Ddn]gsf]
cfof]hgf ul/g' klg cfjZos b]lvG5 .
-h_ cfGtl/s ahf/ k|j4{gM
d'n's leq klg cf]lne t]nsf] dxTjsf af/]df kof{Kt hfgsf/L x'g g;ls/x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf cf]lne t]nsf] t]nsf]
af/]df ;Ful7t k|rf/k|;f/ ul/g ;+:yfut Joj:yf x'g klg h?/L 5 .
h8La'6L t:jL/ g+=*
>f]tM g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb
;'b"/klZrd k|b]z hl8a'6Lsf] e08f/ g} xf] . ;DjlGwt lhNnf ag sfof{nox?n] u/]sf] cWoog cg';f/ ;'b"/klZrd
k|b]zdf sl/j ^ xhf/ @ ;o &! d]=6= h8La'6L ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf] b]lvG5 . hals ut
cfly{s jif{df g]kfns} s'n h8La'6L lgof{t % xhf/ % ;o @^ d]=6= dfq /x]sf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] ut cfly{s jif{df
lgof{t ePsf] h8La'6Lx?sf] cf};t d"NonfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg] klg ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf jflif{s ?kdf ? ! ca{ @$
s/f]8sf] h8La'6L lgsf;L ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 . pknJ h8La'6Lx?sf] bLuf] kIfnfO{ ;d]t b[li6ut ;+sngsf
42
;fy ;fy} /f]k0f sfo{nfO{ klg ;f]xL cg'?k clgjfo{ ul/g' cfjZos b]lvG5 . oL Joj:yfx?af6 Psflt/ o; k|b]zaf6
ljb]zdf h8La'6L lgof{taf6 k|z:t nfe lng ;lsg] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ k|b]z:t/df cfo'j]lb{t cf}ifwL
pTkfbgsf nflu rflxg] sRrfkbfy{ / cGo k|b]zsf cfo'j]{lbs cf}ifwL pTkfbg pBf]unfO{ rflxg] h8La'6L cfk"lt{
;d]t ug{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf g+++ $) M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pTkfbg x'g] k|d'v hl8a'6Lx?
qm=;++ lhNnf k|d'[v hl8a'6Lx?
! s}nfnL s'l/nf], d]Gyf, cdnf, ;k{uGwf
@ s~rgk'/ t]hkft, cdnf, af]emf], s'l/nf], l;sfsfO{, lkknf, ;tfj/L, x/f]{, a/f]{, Eofs'/
# c5fd cdnf, em\ofp, sfpnf] / kfjg, l/7f, t]hkft / bfnlrgL, nf]Qmf, cNnf], af]emf], r'qf],
nf}7;Nnf, ltt]kftL, l6d'/, lr/fO{tf], s'l/nf], kfvgj]b, ;'uGwjfn, l;:g', lhjGtL÷;'gufef
$ 8f]6L cdnf, l/7f, l6d'/, cf]v/, x/f]{, a/f]{, a]n, t]hkft, nf}7;Nnf, c;'/f], l;:g', ltt]kftL, cNnf],
nf]Stf, ef]nf{sf] af]qmf, sfpnf], bfnlrgL, bf/ lu7L af]qmf, r'qf], lr/fO{tf], ;'uGwjfn, kfvgj]b,
af]emf], ljifh/f, ;t'jf, s'l/nf] u'RrL Rofpm, lhjGtL -k|ltjlGwt_ em\ofp -k|ltjlGwt_
% 88]Nw'/f em\ofp, ;'uGwjfn, af]hf], t]hkft, vf]6f], l/7f, l6d'/, kfiff0fj]b
^ a}t8L t]hkft, cdnf, l/7f, kfif0fe]b, ;'gufef, ;'gfv/L, sfpnf]sf] af]qmf, af]emf], Rofp, r'qf],
em\ofp, lr/fOtf], ;f]dntf, sfs8l;+u], s'l/nf], ;'uGwjfn, uhf]{nx/f}, a]nbfgf, nf]Qmf
& bfr'{nf t]hkft, l/7f, sfpnf] af]qmf, kfif0fj]b, cdnf, bfnlrgL af]qmf, r'qf] jf]qmf, ;'uGwjfn, l6d'/,
of;f{u'Djf, ;fwf/0f Rofp,, u'RrL Rofpm, lr/fO{tf] .
* aemfª of;f{u'Daf, s'8\sL, sfpnf], lr/fOtf], ;t'jf, ljif h/f, t]hkft, bfnlrgL, ;'uGwjfn,
kfFrcfpFn], kfif0fa]b, ag n;'g, ;]tslrnL, sfnf] d':nL, ;]tf] d':nL, e]+8fIf]tL
( afh'/f kfFrcfpFn], kfif0fa]b, ltDd'/, s'l/nf], lr/fOtf], lu4Lufgf], ;lt;, t]hkft, r'qf], s'8\sL,
l;sfsfO{, afoh8L, lg/lj;L, kbdrfn, dh]7f], af]emf], nf}7, lsDa', cf]v/, l;nflht, ljifsfa|f],
u'H/f], lkknL, P]h?, ;'uGwjfn, ;'gkftL, sfnfbfgf, sfFs8l;uL, ah{blGt, u'RrL Rofp, em\ofp,
ef]hdq, ljifh/f, d'Zn], tGh8L, of;f{u'Daf
tflnsf g++= $! M @)&$ ;fndf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] h8La'6L
@)&$ ;fndf ;'b"/kllZrd k|b]zdf ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] h8La'6L
lhNnf h8La'6L kl/df0f s]hLdf
aemfª 1755315
s}nfnL 580500
8f]6L 865500
s~rgk'/ 70000
a}t8L 347770
88]Nw'[/f 584000
afh'/f 606198
c5fd 687300
bfr'{nf 774054
s'n 6270637 >f]tM ;DjlGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nosf k|sfzgx?
43
;g\ @)!* df ! ca{ $$ s/f]8 o'P; 8n/ a/fa/sf] h8La'6L cfoft ePsf] lyof] . h8La'6Lsf] of] ahf/nfO{
Psflt/ g]kfnn] pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 eg] csf{{lt/ d"Noof]u ;lxt g]kfnL h8La'6Lx?sf] j:t' /
ahf/ ljljlws/0f ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf klg b]lvG5 . ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pknJw h8La'6LnfO{ bLuf] Joj:yfkgsf]
ljlwsf af6 ;+sng u/L eljio;Dd o; If]qnfO{ g]kfns} cfo cfh{gsf] If]qsf ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf
b]lvG5 .
tflnsf g+= $@ M g]kfnsf] h8La'6L lgof{tsf] b]zut cj:yf
g]kfnsf] h8La'6L lgof{tsf] b]zut cj:yf - cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&%_
b]z kl/df0f s]hL d"No ? df
ef/t 3,181,455 728,473,916
leotgfd 1,865,315 119,662,436
xªsª, rLg 30,597 105,996,142
k|mfG; 27,145 53,442,605
rLg 129,421 34,285,628
cGo 292,006 91,852,236
s'n 5,525,940 1,133,712,963
>f]tM Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|
h8La'6L cfoftsf] ljZj cj:yf
tflnsf g+= $# M ljZjsf] h8La'6L cfoftsf] cj:yf
ljZjdf h8La'6L cfoft - ;g\ @)!*_
cfoftstf{ d"No xhf/ o'P; 8n/df kl/df0f 6gdf
ljZj 1443555 428009
o'P;P 161903 81623
hd{gL 129275 28078
xªsª, rLg 111254 35802
o's] 100210 23935
hfkfg 85895 11554
tfOjfg, rLg 48532 12270
:jL6\h]/n]08 46972 5847
b=sf]l/of 40602 10150
l;+ufk'/ 38304 5291
leotgfd 37985 10787
cGo 642623 202672
>f]tM cfOl6;L
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pTkflbt h8La'6LnfO{ k|b]z:t/df cfo'j]lb{s cf}ifwL pTkfbg, k|zf]lwt h8La'6Lsf] lgof{t /
ef/tsf cltl/Qm cGo d'n'sx?df klg h8La'6L lgof{t ug{ /0fgLlt lng cfjZos b]lvG5 .
44
6k]{G6fOg t]n, /f]lhg P08 /]lhg t]n
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zaf6 lgof{t eO{/x]sf] k|d'v j:t'df /f]lhg / /]lhg t]n klg kb{5 . ;'b"/klZrd l:yt
eG;f/sfof{nox?af6 cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df s/Lj ? ^) s/f]8 a/fa/sf] 6k]{G6fOg t]n, /f]lhg / /]lhg Pl;8
lgof{t ePsf] b]lvG5 . ljZjdf 6k]{G6fOg t]n, /f]lhg P08 /]lhg t]nsf] ;g\ @)!* sf] cfoft !=&* ca{ cd]l/sL
8n/ /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= $$ M @)&$ ;fndf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ;+slng ;lsg] vf]6f]
@)&$ ;fndf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] vf]6f]
lhNnf kl/df0f s]hLdf
aemfª 299872
s}nfnL 4565000
8f]6L 744000
s~rgk'/
a}t8L 3856000
88]Nw'[/f 3500000
afh'/f 4125000
c5fd 2900000
bfr'{nf 166322
s'n 20156194
6k]{G6fOg t]n tyf /f]lhg / /]flhg Pl;8 lgof{t
tflnsf g+= $% M 6k]{G6fOg t]n tyf /f]llhg / /]llhg Pl;8 lgof{t
cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df 6k]{G6fOg t]n tyf /f]llhg / /]llhg Pl;8 lgof{tsf] ljj/0f
P:P;sf]8 ljj/0f OsfO{ kl/df0f d"No ? df
38051000 6k]G6fOg t]n s]hL 2,893,057 331,414,015
rLg 60 3,200
kfls:tfg 43,200 5,573,016
ef/t 2,808,517 321,037,799
gflldljof 20,640 2,496,000
lgsf/u'cf 20,640 2,304,000
38059000 sRrf 6k]G6fog t]n s]hL 47,300 5,139,456
ef/t 47,300 5,139,456
38061000 /f]llh / /]lhg Pl;8 s]hL 14,027,520 1,597,504,745
rLg 72,000 9,679,190
ef/t 13,897,320 1,581,027,795
lgsf/u'cf 38,800 4,531,840
45
cfO;Nof08 19,400 2,265,920
k/Gt' vf]6f] ;+sngdf bLuf] kIfnfO{ Wofg glb+bf o; pBf]udf ;d:ofx? b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] j[Iff/f]k0f / vf]6f]
;+sngnfO{ ;Fu;Fu} nu]/ o; pBf]usf] ljsf; ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . o;n] ef/t nufot cGo nlIft ahf/df
vf]6f]sf pTkfbgx? lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] / :jb]zL /Fu pBf]usf nflu cfjZos kg]{ sRrfkbfy{ kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;lsg]
b]lvG5 .
tflnsf g+=$^ M6k{]G6fOg t]nsf] ljZj cfoft
6k{]G6fOg t]nsf] ljZj cfoft
cfoftstf{ d"No xhf/ o'P; 8n/df k|lt d]=6= d"No o'P; 8n/df
ljZj 344667
ef/t 170547 3086
d]lS;sf 27714 3137
rLg 21488 3777
o'P;p 16302
hfkfg 12701 3351
cGo 95915
ljZjsf] /f][lhg / /]lhg Pl;8 cfoft
cfoftstf{ d"No xhf/ o'P; 8n/df k|lt OsfO{ d]=6= d"No
ljZj 1446825 1818
hd{gL 154185 1838
rLg 117169 1428
hfkfg 114706 2083
g]b/n]8\; 94845 1710
ef/t 91116 1562
cGo 874804
>f]tM cfOl6;L
46
kmnkm'nM
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ;a} k|sf/sf kmnkm'nx? pTkfbg x'g] ef}uf]ns jftfj/0f pknJw 5 . ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf
zLtsfnLg kmnkm'nsf] ;Defljt If]qdf pTkfbg ug]{ xf] eg] yk !! xhf/ d]=6= kmnkm'n pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5
. o;} u/L ;a} ;Defljt If]qkmndf u[idsfnLg kmnkm'n ug]{ xf] yk !$ xhf/ d]=6= kmnkm'n o; k|b]zdf pTkfbg
ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L s'n @% xhf/ d]=6= a9L kmnkm'n pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf o; k|b]zdf /x]sf] 5 . o;/L
pTkfbg x'g] kmnkm'n ljb]zdf lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= $& M zLtsfnLg kmnkm'n pTkfbgsf] l:ylt
zLtsfnLg kmnkm'nx?
lhNnf pTkfbg x'g ;Sg]
If]qkmn
pTkflbt
If]qkmn
pTkfbg k|lt x]S6/
pTkfbg
d]=6=df
;+efljt s'n pTkfbg
d]=6=
afh'/f 435 144 751 5 2,270
aemfª 767 373 2,083 6 4,279
bfr'{nf 380 169 1,134 7 2,550
c5fd 366 146 958 7 2,395
8f]6L 410 254 1,136 4 1,834
a}t8L 858 395 2,392 6 5,195
88]Nw'/f 466 390 3,036 8 3,632
s}nfnL 102 67 575 9 875
;'b?klZrd
k|b]z
3,782 1,959 12,176 6 23,504
g]kfn 27,918 13,937 93592 7 187,481
tflnsf g+= $* M u|LidsfnLg kmnkm'n pTkfbgsf] l:ylt
u[idsfnLg kmnkm'nx?
lhNnf pTkfbg x'g ;Sg]
If]qkmn
pTkflbtIf]qkn pTkfbg k|ltx x]S6/ pTkfbg
d]=6=df
x'g ;Sg]s'n
pTkfbg d]=6=
afh'/f 55 13 98 7.5 415
aemfª 29 17 89 5.2 152
bfr'{nf 228 97 881 9.1 2,071
c5fd 226 54 370 6.9 1,563
8f]6L 506 123 1,017 8.3 4,191
a}t8L 229 55 524 9.6 2,200
88]Nw'/f 378 159 1,019 6.4 2,423
s}nfnL 2,136 2,014 21,055 10.5 22,336
47
s~rgk'/ 578 529 7,432 14.0 8,120
;'b?klZrd
k|b]z
4,365 3,059 32,484 10.6 46,349
g]kfn 88,414 69,806 640942 9.8 867,531
>f]tM s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfno
o;/L k'/} ;DEffJo If]qkmndf kmnkm'n v]tL lj:tf/ ug]{ xf] eg] ;'b"/klZrddf ^( xhf/ * ;o %#
d]=6= kmnkm'n pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 .
b'UwhGo kbfy{
;'b'/ klZrd k|b]z b'Uw kbfy{ ljz]if u/L e};Lsf] b'wsf] nflu k|Voft 5 . :yfgLo b'Uw pBdLaf6 kfOPsf] hfgsf/L
cg';f/ o; k|b]zdf k|b]zdf ebf}+ b]lv r}q ;Dd e}+;Lsf] b'w clws pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o; df};ddf pTkfbg x'g]
cltl/Qm b"w 9'jfgLsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf u/L cGo k|b]zdf cfk"lt{ ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5 eg] b"w sd pTkfbg x'g] df};d
a};fv b]lv >fj0f dlxgf ;Ddsf nflu w'nf] b"wsf] sf/vfgf :yfkgf u/L cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 .
tflnsf g+= $( M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf b'UwhGo kbfy{ pTkfbgsf] l:ylt
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf b'UwhGo j:t'sf] pTkfbgsf] cj:yff
lhNnf b'wfn' ufO{+ ;+Vof b'wfn" e}+;L ;+Vof ufO{{sf] b'w
d]=6=
e};Lsf] b'w
d]=6=
s'n b'w d]=6=
afh'/f 10,480 8,500 5,440 5,542 10,982
aemfª 20,983 8,560 5,668 4,180 9,848
bfr'{nf 9,594 7,500 4,592 7,736 12,328
c5fd 6,963 10,332 3,350 10,461 13,811
8f]6L 16,873 14,673 7,686 10,308 17,994
a}t8L 17,265 14,794 5,687 10,006 15,693
88]Nw'/f 12,692 14,000 7,145 5,858 13,003
s}nfnL 30,532 44,653 28,205 36,807 65,012
s~rgk'/ 22,673 25,453 24,289 25,894 50,183
;'b?klZrd k|b]z 148,055 148,465 92,062 116,792 208,854
g]kfn 1,029,529 1,509,512 665,285 1,245,954 1,911,239
>f]tM s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsf; dGqfno
48
tflnsf g++ %) M g]kfnsf] b'Uwkbfy{sf] cfoft
g]kfnsf] b'Uwkbfy{ cfoft cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&%
b]z kll/df0f s]hLdf d"No ? df
ef/t 5,507,355 1,872,005,325
a]lNhod 697,370 147,514,900
Go'hLn]08 351,850 98,396,828
k|mfG; 395,858 82,889,181
a]nf?; 100,000 30,567,595
8]gdfs{ 33,515 28,284,397
g]b/n]08\; 77,846 26,212,631
ci6]lnof 66,343 22,550,421
kf]n]08 61,499 18,553,094
:jL8]g 74,800 16,746,570
O6fnL 8,111 16,145,674
6sL{ 147,500 14,759,620
l;+ufk'/ 40,459 12,587,346
o's] 32,414 10,892,285
dn]lzof 95,004 10,649,756
cGo 192,512 39,348,852
s'n 7,882,436 2,448,104,475
>f]tM Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|
tflnsf g+++ %!M g]kfnsf] b'Uwkbfy{sf] lgof{t
g]kfnsf] b'Uwkbfy{ lgof{t cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&%
b]z kl/df0f s]hLdf d"No ? df
ef/t 289,939 121,478,995 o'P;P 82,998 113,067,156 rLg 62,204 32,434,475 hfkfg 11,258 14,833,396 xªsª, rLg 1,608 3,145,127 Sofg8f 12 33,485 b=sf]ll/of 6 20,900 l;+ufk'/ 22 10,115 r]su0ftGq 20 6,527 s'n 448,067 285,030,176
49
hnljB't
hnljBt' pTkfbgdf klg ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z ;Defjgf af]s]sf] k|b]z xf] . ;g\ @)!& ;Dd o;k|b]zdf s/Lj # xhf/
& ;o d]ufjf6 ljh'nL pTkfbgsf] kfOknfOg 5g\ . of] kl/df0fsf] ljh'nL pTkfbg u/L k|b]zsf tfk k|0ffnL, kfs
k|0ffnL / oftfoft k|0ffnLnfO{ ljB'tdf cfwfl/t k|0ffnLdf ?kfGt/0f ug]{ xf] eg] o;af6 jflif{s sl/j ? ^=^ ca{
a/fa/sf] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cfoftk|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 . ;'b/klZrdsf] s'n ;DefJo hnljB't cfof]hgfx?af6
ljB't pTkfbg ug{ ;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] ljh'nL ef/tdf lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] clws ;Defjgf 5 .
tflnsf g+= %@ M ;'b/klZrd k|b]zdf hnljB't pTkfbg x'g] kfOknfOgsf cfof]hgfx?
;'b/klZrd k|b]zdf hnljB't pTkfbg x'g] kfOknfOgsf cfof]hgfx?
ljj/0f Ifdtf d]ufaf6df
;/sf/sf] af:s]6df /x]sf of]hgfx? 80
;/sf/n] cWoog ul//x]sf] of]hgf 202
;~rfngdf /x]sf] of]hgf 39
;f}o{phf{sf] ;j]{ nfO;]G; 2
pTkfbg nfO;]G; lnPsf] s'n 92
;j]{ nfO;]G; k|fKt cfof]hgfx? 3,171
pTkfbg nfO;]G; hf/L ePsf] cfof]hgf 89
s'n 3,674
>f]tM ljBt' ljsf; ljefu
tflnsf g++= %#M ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zl:yt eG;f/ sfof{nox? dfkm{t cfj @)&$.&% df k|d'v k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf]
cfoft
ljj/0f d"No ? ca{df
d6Lt]n 0.04
k]6«f]n 1.04
l8h]n 4.99
Uof; 0.57
s'n 6.61
50
ef}uf]lns ;+s]tsf cfwf/df lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] j:t'
-s_ laho;fnsf pTkfbgx? M
ljho;fn ljb]z u/L s~rgk'/ lhNnfd kfOg] ;fn k|hfltsf] ?v xf] . o; k|hfltsf] ?lvsf] sf7af6 ljlelGg
vfnsf] cDvf]/fx? agfpg] ul/G5 . o; cDvf]/fdf kfgL /fv]/ vfFbf z/L/nfO{ kmfObf x'g] ljZjf;sf ;fy o;sf]
nf]slk|otf :jb]z tyf ljb]zdf klg /x]sf] 5 . o; pTkfbgnfO{ klg ef}uf]lns ;+s]tsf cfwf/df a|fl08ª u/L :jb]z
tyf ljb]zsf] ahf/df :yflkt ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
-v_ /fp6]sf sf7sf pTkfbgx?M
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf lglZrt jgx?df /fp6]x?n] sf7sf ljleGg pTkfbgx? pTkfbg ug]{ ub{5g\ . tL pTkfbgx?nfO{
klg ef}uf]lns ;+s]t k|bfg u/L ;f]xL a|f08df :jb]z tyf ljb]zdf tL sfi7hGo pTkfbgx?sf] ahf/ k|j4{g ug'{
cfjZos 5 .
-u_ c5fdL gf}d'8\s] ufO{sf] b'Uw kl/sf/M
ljZjs} b'n{e c5fd lhNnfdf kfOg] gf} d'8\s] ufO{nfO{ klg ef}uf]llns ;+s]t k|bfg u/L tL ufO{af6 x'g] k|fKt x'g]
b'Uwkbfy{nfO{ ;f]xL cg'?k :jb]z / ljb]zdf a|fl08ª u/L lgof{t tyf cGo k|b]zdf cfk"lt{ ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5
-3_ hf]/fonsf] af;dtL
8f]6L lhNnfsf] ;b'd'sfd l;nu9Lb]lv !@) ls=dL= blIf0f k"j{ If]qdf cjl:yt hf]/fon pkTosfdf hf]/fonL jf:dtL
wfg nufpg] ul/G5 . of] wfgnfO{ Jofkf/Lx?n] s[ifssf] v]tLaf/Laf6 ;f]em} v/Lb u/L s}nfnLsf] wgu9L cQ/Lofdf
;d]t ldndf k|zf]wg u/L ljqmL ljt/0f ug]{ u/]sf] kfO{G5 .o; rfdnsf] :jfb, jf;gf / ld7f; ;fx|} dgdf]xs /x]sf]
kfO{G5 . o;sf] If]q lj:tf/ u/L pTkflbt af;dlt wfgnfO{ d'n'ssf] dVo Jofkfl/s If]qx?sf] 7"nf 7"nf
l8kf6{d]06n :6f]/x?df ljqmL ljt/0fsf] nflu o;sf] Jofkfs ?kdf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug'{kg]{ tyf ljb]zL ahf/df ;d]t
o;sf] ahf/ k|j4{g ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . hf]/fon If]qnfO{ jf;dltsf] ks]6 If]qsf ?kdf ljsf; u/L ef}uf]llns ;+s]t
k|bfg u/L ahf/ k|j4{g ug'{ kg]{ b]llvG5 .
-ª_ 9lsofM
yf? ;d'bfon] pTkfbg ug]{ x:tsnfdf ;fdfgx? dWo] 9lsof klg kb{5 . oL j:t'x? s}nfnL / s~rgk'/ lhNnfsf
k'/fgf yf? a:tLx?df k/Dk/fut ?kdf pTkfbg xFb} cfPsf 5g\ . oL j:t'x?nfO{ klg ;DjlGwt ufpmsf sf gfddf
ef}uf]lns ;+s]t k|bfg u/L ljlzi6 klxrfg ;lxtsf] a|fl08ªdf ljb]z lgof{t / cGo k|b]zdf cfk"lt{ ug{ ;Sg]
;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
-r_ dx
;'b"/klZrdsf clwsfFz kxf8L lhNnffx?df k|z:t dfqfdf dx pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ljz]if u/L 8f]6L / c5fdsf]
;ldfjtL{ If]qx? dxsf k|Voft b5g\ . oL If]qdf pTkflbt dxnfO{ klg ef}uf]lns ;+s]t k|bfg u/L u'0f:t/
51
k|df0fLs/0f x'g] u/L :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ahf/df :yflkt ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5 . g]kfndf pTkfbg x'g] dx pRr
u'0f:t/sf] eP tfklg plrt k|of]uzfnfsf] cefjdf o;sf] hfFr /fd|f];+u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . s]xL jif{ cufl8 ;kDd
k|d'v ?kdf lgsf;L e}/x]sf] dxsf] u'0f:t/ kl/If0f x'g g;Sbf o;sf] lgsf;Ldf w]/} ¥xf; cfPsf] 5 . t;y{ dxsf]
lgsf;L a9fpgsf] nflu u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg / df}/L r/0f If]qsf af]6x?df s'g} klg k|sf/sf] /f;folgs kbfy{
5ls{g' gx'g] tkm{ ;r]t /xg' cfjZos 5 .
tflnsf g+++= %$M g]kfnsf] dxsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/
cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df g]kfnsf] dxsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/
lgof{t b]z kl/df0f s]hLdf d"No ? df
rLg 8,578 2,707,163
ef/t 10,000 2,963,360
dn]lzof 2,060 469,062
s'n 20,638 6,139,585
cfoft b]z kl/df0f s]hLdf d"No ? df
ef/t 685,016 143,778,197
rLg 1 1,768
a'Nu]l/of 1,000 1,501,530
s'n 686,017 145,281,495
o; k|b]zdf pTkflbt dx Aoj;flos pTkfbgsf nflu cfjZos ;xof]u x'g klg h?/L 5 . ;fy} df}/L kfng ;DjGwL
tflnd tyf df}/L ;lxtsf] 3f/ ljt/0f ug]{ tyf To; ;DjgwL plrt lzIff lbnfpg ;s]sf] v08df o;sf] eljio
/fd|f] b]lvG5 .
dxsf] ljZj cfoft
tflnsf g++= %& M dxsf] ljZj cfoft
;g\ @)!* df dxsf] ljZj cfoft
cffotstf{ cfoft xhf/ o'P;8n/df kl/df0f 6gdf k|lt d]6 d"No o'P; 8n/df
ljZj 2239905 680886 3290
o'P;P 504153 201577 2501
hd{gL 305664 85676 3568
hfkfg 145441 44521 3267
k|mfG; 129503 32171 4025
52
cffotstf{ cfoft xhf/ o'P;8n/df kl/df0f 6gdf k|lt d]6 d"No o'P; 8n/df
o's] 128288 50597 2535
O6fnL 100418 27833 3608
a]lNhod 72901 24861 2932
rLlg 70129 3824 18339
:k]g 68016 27944 2434
g]b/n]08\; 66870 17316 3862
cGo 648522 164566
g]kfndf dx pTkfbgsf] k|z:t ;Defjgf ePtkflg nlIft ahf/n] dx cfoft ubf{ nfu' u/]sf] u'0f:t/sf k|fjwfgx?
k'/f ug{ g;Sbf g]kfnsf] dx ck]lIft ?kdf lgof{t x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . o;} u/L dx pTkfbgnfO{ Jojl:yt u/L
ljZj;gLo ?kdf u|fxs ;dIf k'/\ofpg g;Sbf g]kfnleq klg g]kfnL dxsf] ahf/ ;f]r]] lj:tf/ x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
oL b'O{cf]6f kIfdf Wofg lbg ;Sg] u/L u'0f:t/ k|df0fLs/0f, n]jlnª, Kofs]lhª / ef}uf]lns ;+s]tsf cfwf/df
a|fl08ª ug{ ;s]sf] v08df ;'b"/klZrdsf] dx pTkfbgaf6 cfoft k|lt:yfkg / lgof{t k|j4{g ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf
/x]sf] 5 .
53
lgof{t k|j4{g ug{ ;lsg] ;]jfx?
lxn:6]zg ko{6g
t:jL/ g+++ *
k[i7e"ldM
g]kfnsf] l5d]sL d'n's ef/tdf la|l6«z zf;gsfndf lxdfno kj{t >[+vnfsf] k]mbLdf cfgGb ;]jg x]t' k"j{b]lv
klZrd ;Dd !*@ cf]6f lxn:6]zgx?sf] hu xflnPsf] lyof] . tL lxn:6]zgx? dWo] ef/tLo /fHo pQ/fv08 /
lxdf~rn k|b]zdf cjl:y lxn:6]zgdf klg ef/tsf] cfGtl/s ko{6gsf nflu cfsif{s uGtJo aGg k'u]sf 5g\ .
ko{6g k'jf{wf/df ef/t ;/sf/sf] nufgL, k|rf/k|;f/ / cfo:t/ cg';f/sf xf]6]n / ef]hgu[xsf] k|ofKt Joj:yf,
;:tf] / ;j{;'ne ljleGg k|sf/sf oftfoftsf ;fwgx?, ;'/lIft / u'0f:t/Lo dfu{x?, oftfoftsf ;fwgx?sf] lgjf{w
cfjfudgsf] ;'ljwf, la|l6«zx?n] :yfkgf ul/lbPsf] ;fv / df};dL lxdkft, ;dlztf]i0f ;bfjxf/ hnjfo', kj{tLo
xl/ofnLo'Qm ;'Gb/tf, lxdfnox?sf] cjnf]sg / dof{lbt xf]6n Joj;fosf sf/0f lx6:6]zgx?df ef/tsf d}bfgL
efusf ko{6sx?sf] 3'OFrf] nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . o;}n] ubf{ ef/tsf] gofF lbNnL, klZrd o'kL, xl/of0ff, k~hfjlt/sf
jfl;Gbfx?sf] nflu udL{ 5Ng], ljbfdf 3'Dg uGtJosf ?kdf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z h:t} jftfj/0f / b[iofjnL ePsf
l;dnf, g}gLtfn, b]x/fb'g, s'Nn', dgfnL, cNdf]8f, sfFs8fh:tf :yfgx? kb{5g\ . ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf klg
lxn:6]zgx? ljsf; u/L plrt jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ xf] eg] ef/tLo ko{6sx? ljz]if u/L gofF lbNnL, klZrd o'kL,
xl/of0ff / k~hfjlt/sf ko{6sx?nfO{ ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf cfslif{s ug{ ;Sg] 7"nf] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . o;sf
nflu ;'b"/klZr k|b]zdf lxn:6]zgdf ko{6s cfslif{t ug{ b]xfosf sbdx? rflng'kg]{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .
54
-s_ o;sf nflu ;j{k|yd dof{lbt, ;'/lIft / OdfGbf/Lo'Qm ;]jfsf] k|Tofe"lt
ef/tLo ko{6sx?nfO{ ko{6s g} gdfGg], ckzJb af]Ng] / rsf]{ d"Nodf u'0f:t/xLg ;]jf lbg] unt k|rngnfO{ g]kfn
;/sf/ / xf]6n Jofj;foLx?sf 5ftf ;Fu7gx?n] lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
-v_ kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0f M
ef/tLo ko6{sx?nfO{ kl/jf/x? ;Fu} a;]/ cfgGb lng ;Sg] dof{lbt dgf]/~hgsf] Joj:yf ul/g' klg clt cfjZos
b]lvG5 .
-u_ ef/tLo ko{6sx?sf] ?lrut ljljwtfsf] WofgM
ko{6g ;]jfsf] ljljlws/0f ub}{ B't ko{6g -Sofl;gf]_, ;fxl;s, ;]ldgf/, uf]i7L, a}7s, ;fF:s[lts, wfld{s,
;f}Gbo{kfg, kbofqf, pRr:yfgsf bf}8x?, v]ns'b, cjnf]sg, cg';Gwfg, cEof; cflb h:tf If]qx?sf] ;dfg'kflts
ljsf; ug'{ klg h?/L 5 .
-3_ k"jf{wf/df nufgLM
lxdf~rn, pQ/fv08df ko{6g k'jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 ;f]xL cg'?k g]kfnn] klg ljZj:t/sf ko{6sLo
k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf; ug'kb{5 .
-ª_ ef/taf6 cfpg] ko{6sx?sf] g]kfn cfpg] ofqf / a;fO{df ;xhtfM
g]kfnsf xf]6nx?df x'g] xf]xNnf em}emu8f h:tf cdof{lbt lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{] ;+oGqsf] ljsf;
ul/g'kb{5 . ljz]if u/L xf]6ndf a:bf btf{sf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf] v's'nf]kgf / nfk/jfxL / lagf kl/rokq, 5Bd
kl/rokqsf cfwf/df sf]7f pknJw u/fpg] k|j[lQnfO{ s8fO{sf ;fy lgoGq0f ul/g'kb{5 .
-r_ ef/tLo lghL ;jf/L ;fwgx?nfO{ lgjf{w / lgz'Ns ?kdf g]kfn k|j]z ug]{ / cfjfudgsf] ;ljwfM
ef/tLo ko{6sx? cfkm\gf uf8Ldf ;'/lIft / ;'ljwfhgs ?kdf g]kfndf 3'dlkm/ ug{ ';Db5g\ . oxL ;'ljwfsf sf/0f
lzdnf, b]xf/fb'g, g}gLtfn, dnfgL, cflb ef/tsf lxn:6]zgdf ko{6sx?sf] /f]hfO{df k/]sf] ;Gbe{df g]kfnn] klg of]
Joj:yf nfu' ug{ ;s]sf] v088df ef/tsf cGo lxn:6]zgdf s]lGb|t ko{6sx?sf] Pp6f lx:;f o; k|b]zdf cfslif{t
ug{ ;lsG5
-5_ 7"nf b/sf ef/tLo gf]6x?nfO{ g]kfndf klg ;xh?kdf ;f6\g kfpg] Joj:yf
7"nf b/sf ef/tLo gf]6x?nfO{ g]kfndf ko{6sLo If]qx?df ;xh ?kdf ;f6g\ kfpg] Joj:yf ePsf] v08df ef/tLo
ko{6sx?n] 7"nf] kl/df0fdf g]kfndf vl/bbf/L ug]{ / To;n] ef/tLo d'b|f cfh{gdf ;xof]u k'Ug] b]lvG5 .
-h_ ef/tLo ko{6sx?nfO{ cfsl:ds ?kdf cfO{kg]{ 36gfx?af6 ;'/Iffsf nflu cfsl:ds ;]jfsf] k|Tofe"lt
-em_ lxn:6]zgx? rf}lj;} 306f v'Nnf /xg] u/L ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt
-`_ ef/tsf ;~rf/ dfWodx?df g]kfnsf lxn:6]zgx?sf af/]df kof{Kt dfqfdf k|rf/k|;f/ ug{ ;/sf/ / lghL
If]qaf6 tkm{af6 ;+oQm kxn
55
-6_ lxn:6]zgdf u'0f:t/Lo ;'k/dfs]{6x?sf] :yfkgf
b[iofjnf]sg ko{6gM
;'b"/klZrd k|b]z dgf]/d k|fs[lts ;Dkbfn] el/k"0f{ k|b]zsf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . ljz]if u/L b]xfosf
ko{6sLo :ynx? b[iofsnf]sgsf s]Gb|sf ?kdf ljsl;t ul/g' h?/L 5 .
t:jL/ g++= (
-s_ z'SnfkmfF6f /fli6«o lgs'~h
-v_ 3f]8f3f]8L tfn
-u_ /fdf/f]zg
-3_ j}t8L kf6g
56
t:jL/ g+= !)
-ª_ vKt8
-r_ a8Ldflnsf
-5_ ;'df{ ;/f]j/
-h_ clk ;Okfn a];SofDk
-h_ s~rgk'/sf] emf]n'ª] k'n
-em_ s0ff{nL k'n
wfld{s ko{6g
tLy{ s]lGb|t ko{6gM
;'b"/klZrd k|b]z ef/t / rLg hf]8g] ;a}eGbf kfos kg]{ k|b]z xf] . o;sf ;fy} klZrd / klZrdf]Q/
ef/tdf 3'Dg hfg] ko{6sx?sf nflu ;'b"/ klZrd k|b]z k|j]zåf/ klg xf] . oL b'O{ cf]6f sf]0faf6 x]bf{
;'b"/ klZrd k|b]zdf b]xfosf If]qdf 7"nf] ;Defjgfx? n's]sf 5g\ .
57
-!_ dfg;/f]j/ ofqfM
gSzf g+= !
>f]tM u'unDofk
s'g} klg ef/tLo lxGb"x?sf] hLjgsf] nIo dWo] Pp6f k|d'v nIo dfg;/f]a/df :gfg ug]{ g} x'g] ub{5 . o;}sf/0f
ef/tn] dfg;/f]a/sf tLy{ofqLx?nfO{ e|d0feQf cg'bfgdf ?kdf lbg] sfo{sf] z'?jft u/]sf] 5 . xfn gofF lbNnLsf]
tLy{ofqL ef/taf6 sf7df8f}+, sf7df8f}+af6 g]kfnu~h g]kfnu~haf6 l;dsf]6, l;dsf]6af6 lxN;f x'Fb} dfg;/f]j/
hfg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . olb aefª tfSnfsf]6 dfu{nfO{ Jojl:y ug{ ;s]sf] v08df dfg;/f]j/ hfg] ef/tsf ;a}
tLy{ofqLx?sf] klxnf] /f]hfO{ aefª tfSnfsf]6 dfg;/f]j/ dfu{ g} kg]{ lglZrt 5 . of] dfu{nfO{ Jojl:y ug{ ;s]sf]
58
v08df o;n] ko{6gsf cGo If]qx?sf] ljsf;df ;d]t 6]jf k'/\ofpg] b]lvG5 . ef/t dfg;/f]j/ tLy{ofqfsf] of]
?6af6 l;lh{t cfly{s ;lqmotfn] of] k|b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;df gofF cfofd yKg] lglZrt 5 .
-@_ pQ/fv08 / lxdf~rn hfg] g]kfnL tLy{ofqfx? s]lGb|t ko{6gM
ef/tsf lxGb"x?sf] hLjgsf] Pp6f k|d'v nIo dfg;/f]j/ ofqf eP em}+ g]kfnsf lxGb"x?sf] hLjgsf] Pp6f k|d''v
nIo xl/åf/ :gfg, uFuf]qL odf]gf]qLdf :gfg, ab|Lgfysf] bz{g, j}i0ff]b]jLsf] bz{g, cd/gfy ofqf cflb h:tf tLy{x?
kb{5g\ . oL ;a} vfnsf tLy{ofqfx?sf] k|j]zåf/ klg ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z g} xf] . o:tf g]kfnL tLy{ofqLx?sf] nflu
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf ko{6g Jofj;foLx?n] gofF ;f]+rsf ;fy g]kfnL ko{6sx?nfO{ ;'/lIft ?kdf dx]Gb|gu/ /
wgu9L nufotsf zx/x?df a:g] wfld{s jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ug]{, tL ko{6sx?nfO{ ;'/lIft ?kdf uGtJo;Dd
k'/\ofpg] Joj:yf ug{, cfktsfndf p2f/sf] Joj:yf ug]{, l6s6 nufotsf cGo nlhli6s kIfdf Joj:yfx? ug]{ /
tLy{ofqLx?nfO{ e/kbf]{ ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug{{ Joj:yf ug{ ;s]sf] v08df g]kfn e/Lsf pQ/fv08, lxdf~rn /
hDd' sfZdL/ hfg] tLy{ofqLx?sf nflu ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z dxTjk"0f{ s]Gb|df ?kdf ljsf; x'g ;Sg] lglZrt 5 . of]
;DefjgfnfO{ d"t{?k lbg ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf ko{6g Jofj;foL, /fhgLlts bnx?, :yfgLo lgsfo / k|b]z ;/sf/n]
Pp6f cfd cjwf/0ff ljsf; ug{ h?/L 5 .
y/uf]q, s'nb]jtf, s'nb]jL s]lGb|t ko{6g -cGt/k|b]z ;]jf Jofkf/_
;'b"/klZrd g]kfnsf clwsfFz afx'g If]qL / blnt ;d'bfox?sf] pTklQ:ynsf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . oL ;d"bfox?sf] y/
uf]qx?sf] pTklQ:yn ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} pgLx?sf s'nb]jtf, s'nb]jLx? klg ;'b"/klZrd
k|b]zdf cjl:yt 5g\ . di6f]a08fnLsf yfgx? hf] g]kfnsf afx'g If]qL / blnt ;d'bfosf dflg;x?sf] cf:yfsf]
ljGb"x? /x]sf 5g\ klg oxL k|b]zdf cjl:yt 5g\ . oftfoftsf] ;'udtf, cfjf;sf] plrt Joj:yf / tL cf:yf
s]Gb|x? / ;DjlGwt y/ uf]qsf dflg;x?nfO{ hf]8\g ;Sg] ;+oGqsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;s]sf] v08df ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z
y/uf]q, s'nb]jtf, s'nb]jL, di6f]a08fnL /x]sf :yfgx? cfGtl/s / jfxo ko{6gsf nflu cfsif{0fsf s]Gb| aGg]
b]lvG5 . o; kIfnfO{ b[li6ub}{ cfjZos ;+:yfut Joj:yf ;lxt y/uf]q, s'nb]jtf, s'nb]jL, di6f]a08fnLsf
yfgx?sf] ljsf; ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . ljz]if u/L y/uf]q j[Q, b]jLyfg j[Q, di6f]a08fnL j[Qsf] ljsf; ug{
cfjZos b]lvG5 .
ljsf; ul/g' kg]{ ko{6gsf cGo If]qx?
k|b]z ;/sf/, :yfgLo pBdL Joj;foLx? tyf ;DjlGwt If]qsf lj1x?;Fusf] cGt/lqmof tyf ;'emfjsf cfwf/df
b]xfosf ko{6g If]qdf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf j[xt ;Defjgfx? /x]sf 5g\ .
hnofqf
:sL
a~hL
dfp06]g /];,
Kof/fUnfO{8,
;]ldgf/,
dgf]/~hg- Sofl;gf]_,
v]ns'b - lqms]6, elnan_,
59
hFun ;kmf/L,
kbofqf,
b[iofjnf]sg, dfp06]g km\nfO{ wgu9L clk ;}kfn
cg';Gwfg ko{6g
r/f cjnf]sg ko{6g
hLjhGt' cjnf]sg ko{6g,
jg:klt cWoog / cjnf]sg,
kof{ko{6g,
s[lif ko{6g
pk/f]Qm If]qx?sf] ljsf; ug{ ;DjlGwt If]qsf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, k|rf/k|;f/ / bLuf]kgfnfO{ sfod ug{ ;F3, k|b]z,
:yfgLo lgsfo / pBdL Joj;foLx? / lj1x? ;lDdlnt ;ldltx? dfkm{t ;+ul7t ;lqmotfsf] vfFrf] b]lvG5 .
60
:jf:Yo ;]jf
g]q lrlsT;fM
t:jL/ g+= !!M
>f]tM g]kfn g]qHof]lt;F3
;'b"/klZrdsf] s}nfNLsf] u]6fdf cjl:ylt cfFvf c:ktfndf g]q pkrf/sf nflu xhf/f}+ ef/tLox? cfpg] ub{5 . o;
jfkt g]kfnnfO{ s/f}8f}+ cfDbfgL x'g] ub{5 . o; If]qsf] Jojl:yt ljsf;df g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]t ;FnUg x'g] xf] eg]
eljiodf ;''b"/klZrd k|b]z g]q pkrf/sf nflu ef/tLox?sf] cfsif{s s]Gb|sf ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf
k|an /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df dfq} o; c:ktfnn] ef/tLo ;]jfu|fxLaf6 ? $,%(,@^,))) cfDbfgL
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm c:ktfnnfO{ cem ;]jf ;'ljwfo'Qm agfO{ g]q pkrf/sf] cGt/f{li6«o cfFvf pkrf/ s]Gb|sf ?kdf
ljsf; ug{ ;s]sf] v08df 7"nf] kl/0ffddf ef/tLo d'b|f cfh{g ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .
61
Jofkf/ ;Dj4 ;/f]sf/sf ljifox?
Jofkf/ ;Dj4 ;/f]sf/sf ljifox?
Jofkf/ k|j4{gdf ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf
d'n'saf6 lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] pknJw j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf] Jojl:yt ;"rgf k|jfx x'g clt h?/L 5 . o:tf] ;"rgf
k|0ffnLn] ;"rgf / e"uf]n / k|of]ustf{jLr h'g ;DjGw :yflkt ug]{ ub{5 To;n] :yfg ljz]ifsf ljz]iftfx?, ;"rgfx?,
tYofFsx? k|of]ustf{sf nflu pknJw u/fpF5 . :yfgLo qm]tf / jflx/sf ljqm]tfx?nfO{ hf]8\g], :yfgLo
pTkfbgx?nfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] j}lZjs ;~hfndf hf]8\b} d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ of] sfo{ ug]{ pko'Qm dfWodx? dWo]
:yfgLo :t/df pknJw j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf] ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug]{, Jojl:yt ?kdf :yfgLo /
k|b]z:t/df ljB'tLo ;+:s/0fx?df tYofFs, ;"rgf / ultljlwx? k|jfx ug]{ tyf d'n'sleq / jflx/sf qm]tf /
ljqm]tfx?jLr lel8of] sGkm/]G;sf] cfof]hgf ug]{ tyf d]nf k|bz{gLx?sf] lgod cfof]hgf ug]{ ljifox? kb{5g\ . oL
ljifox?df k|b]z / :yfgLo txx?df cnUu} ;+oGq aGg' cfjZos 5 .
g]kfnL j:t'x?nfO{ jfXo ahf/df k|fKt ;'ljwfx?sf] hfgsf/L
g]kfnL lgof{thGo j:t'x?nfO{ g]kfnsf z'elrGts ldqb]zx?n] k|bfg u/]sf lhP;kL ;'ljwf, z"Go eG;f/sf] ;'ljwf,
ljz]if cfjlws ;x'lnotx?sf af/]df k|b]z:t/ / :yfgLo :t/sf pBdL Joj;foLx?nfO{ ;xh hfgsf/Lsf] Joj:yfsf]
cefjdf pgLx? lgof{t Jofkf/df k|j]z ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . o:tf hfgsf/Lx? k|b]zleqsf ;a} Jofj;foLx?nfO{
hfgsf/L lbg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ ljifo csf]{ ;/fsf]/sf] ljifo xf] .
lgof{t Jofkf/df g]kfnnfO{ k|fKt ;'ljwfx?
-!_ ;fdfGo u|fXotf k|0ffnL
-@_ z'Go eG;f/ b/sf] ;'ljwf
-#_ Oo', :jL6\h/n]08, ga]{ / 6sL{df g]kfnL pTkfbgx?nfO{ /]]S; ;'ljwf
-$_ && cf]6f ljleGg g]kfnL pTkfbgx?nfO{ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfaf6 k|fKt ljz]if ;x'lnoto'Qm eG;f/ 5'6sf] ;'ljwf
-%_ g]kfn, ef/t, rLg / aFunfb]zsf aGb/ufx;Ddsf] ;xh kx''Fr
-^_ ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g, ;fkm\6f ;b:ox?df g]kfnL pTkfbgnfO{ cj;/ k|bfg
Jofj;foL jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ ;DjGwL ljifox?M
ljZj j}sn] k|sflzt u/]sf] g]kfnfsf] Jofj;flos jftjf/0f ;'rsfFssf] cj:yf ;Gtf]ifhgs 5}g . k|lqmof, lgod
sfg'g gLlt, /0fgLlt, sfo{qmd, ah]6, sfo{of]hgf k|lt:kwf{sf] :t/, k|lt:kwf{Tds jftfj/0f, ;'zf;g -sfg'gsf]
zf;g, kf/blz{tf, ;xeflutf, pQ/bfloTj, lhDd]jf/Lkgf, ;dtf, ;dfgtf, ;dfj]lztf_, ;'/Iff, >d pBf]uL
;x;DjGw, pBdzLn ;+:sf/, If]qut ;"rsfFsx?sf] l:yltn] Jofkf/ k|j4{g ;Dj4 jftfj/0f lgwf{/0f ub{5 . pQm
k|ltj]bgn] phfu/ u/]sf ljifox?df k|b]z:t/df ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsg] ljifox?df k|b]z ;/sf/x?n] kxnsbdL lng
62
h?/L 5 . o:tf kxnsbdLn] k|b]z:t/df Joj;fo ug]{ jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ cfO{ j}b]lzs Jofkf/sf] Joj:yfkg ug{
;xh x'g] b]lvG5 .
s[lif cg'bfg / k|f]T;fxg ;DjGwL ljifox
cfkm\gf ljZj ahf/df k|lt:kwL{ agfpg s[lif nufotsf If]qdf ljZj e/L g} ;+/If0ffTds pkfox? cFuLsf/ ug]{
k|rng /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL pTkfbgx?nfO{ klg ;+/If0ffTds pkfox?sf dfWodaf6 ljZj ahf/df k|lt:kwL{ agfpg
h?/L 5 . o; ljifonfO{ k|b]z ;/sf/x?n] pko'Qm gLltaf6 ;+jf]wg ug{ h?/L 5 .
Jofkf/ ;Dj4k"jf{wf/df nufgLM
lgof{t k|j4{gdf Jofkf/ ;Dj4 k"jf{wf/ clt dxTjk"0f{ ljifosf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . ;+:yfut k"jf{wf/tkm{ eG;f/, uf]bfd,
u'0f:t/ lgodg tyf lgoGq0f lgsfox?, z}lIfs tyf ;Lkd'n's tfnLd s]Gb|x?, lghLIf]qsf ;F3;+:yfx? -j:t'ut,
k|ltlglwd'n's ;+3;+:yfx?, lgof{ts ;F3, cfofts ;F3_ kb{5 eg] ef}lts k"jf{wf/tkm{ ;8s, ljh'nL, jGb/ufx,
eG;f/ ljGb", ;"rgf / k|ljlw, hnfk"lt{, ljz]if cfly{s If]q, lgof{t k|j4{g If]q / cf}Bf]lus If]q h:tf ;+/rgfx?
kb{5g\ . oL b'j} If]qdf k|b]z ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf tkm{af6 ;+jf]wg ug]{ ljifodf ;+nUg x'g h?/L 5 . ljz]if u/L Go'g
;fwg>f]t ePsf eG;f/ljGb"x? ePsf k|b]zsf eG;f/ljGb"x?nfO{ ;fwfg>f]to'Qm agfpg] ljifonfO{ ;F3 / k|b]z
;/sf/n] ;+o'Qm kxnaf6 ;Djf]wg ug{ h?/L 5 . o;sf ;fy} h6xL eG;f/ sfof{nonfO{ ;''Vvf aGb/ufx agfpg kg]{
cfjZostf b]lvG5 .
nlhi6s ;]jfdf ;'wf/M
Jofkf/ k|j4{gsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f ljifo eg]sf] pTs[i6:t/sf] nlhli6s ;]jf klg xf] . cj/f]wljxLg oftfoft, j]i6g,
ax'ljlws oftfoft, ;do Joj:yfkg, eG;f/, nlhi6s ;]jf, ;do, j}b]lzs sfuf]{ l;kd]G6sf] bIftf / ;xhtf,
nlhli6shGo ;+/rgf / 6«\oflsª k|0ffnLx? kb{5g\ . nlhi6s ;]jf hlt r':t, b'?:t / ultzLn x'G5 d'n'ssf] lgof{t
Jofkf/ klg TolQs} ;xh / d"Nod}qL x'G5 . o; ljifodf klg ;F3 / k|b]zn] ;+o'Qm kxn lng h?/L 5 .
Jofkf/ ;Dj4 cg';GwfgM
;/sf/sf cFux?, k|fl1s If]q / lghL If]qsf d]wfjLx?o'Qm ;+o'Qm ;d'x ahf/ cg';Gwfg lgof{t k|j4{gsf] dxTjk"0f{
ljifo xf] . tYofFs, ;"rgf, 1fg, d]wf / a'l4dQfdf cfwfl/t lgisif{x? lgof{t k|j4{gsf] dlitis xf] h;n] lgof{t
k|j4{gsf k|of;sf nflu Hof]ltsf] sfo{ ub{5,, gLlt lgdf{tfsf nflu cfFvf, lghLIf]qsf nflu lx8\g] af6f] to ug]{ of]
cg';Gwfg sfo{ lgof{t k|j4{gsf] dxTjk"0f{ cFusf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . o; ljifodf klg k|b]z:t/df klg ultzLn
;+oGqsf] Joj:yf x'g h?/L 5 .
k|b]z:t/sf] Jofkf/ ;Dj4 8f6fj];sf] Joj:yfM
k|b]z:t/df x'g] pTkfbg, ljt/0f / Ps k|b]zaf6 csf]{ k|b]zdf x'g] Jofkf/ / ;DjlGwt k|b]zdf pTkfbg eO{ cGo
k|b]zsf eG;f/ ljGb"x?af6 j:t'x? eP/ lgof{t x'g] j:t'x?sf] clen]v /fVg] Joj:yfsf] nflu k|b]z:t/df klg Pp6f
;+oGq x'g h?/L 5 tfls k|b]zaf6 lgsf;L x'g] j:t'x?sf] oyfy{ lrq0f xf];\ / k|b]z:t/df lgsf;L k|j4{gsf efjL
lbzf to ug{ j:t'ut cfwf/ k|fKt x'g ;sf];\ .
63
ef}uf]lns ;+s]t, k]6]06 /fO6 / 6]«8dfs{ ;DjGwL ljifox?M
g]kfnsf w]/} pTkfbgx? ljlzi6 vfnsf 5g\ h;nfO{ ef}uf]lns ;+s]t, k]6]06 /fO6 / 6]«8dfs{ h:tf ljifoaf6 ;+af]wg
x'g h?/L 5 . k|b]z ;/sf/n] oL ljlwx?af6 ljz]if klxrfg lbg ;Sg] j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf] klxrfg u/L tL j:t'
tyf ;]jfx?nfO{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o d"nk|jfxdf :yflkt ug{ kxnsbdL lng cfjZos b]lvG5 .
u'0f:t/ ;DjGwL ljifox?M
g]kfnL j:t'x?nfO{ jfXo ahf/df k|lt:kwL{ agfpg u'0f:t/ ;DjGwL Joj:yfx?n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf x'G5g\ .
g]kfnL pTkfbgx?x?nfO{ nlIft ahf/df ljBdfg u'0f:t/sf k|fjwfgx? cg'?k u'0f:t/d}qL agfpg ;+:yfut, sfg'gL
/ hgzlQmsf kIfdf ;'wf/, :t/f]GglQ cflb ug{ cfjZos x'g hfG5 . oL ljifox?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ k|b]z ;/sf/n]
ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ h?/L 5 .
6]«;]laln6L ;DjGwL k|fjwfgx?
vfB ;'/Iff w]/} b]zx?sf gful/sx?sf nflu a9\bf] ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . hgfj/df nfu]sf /f]ux? / vfB
j:t'x?df k|of]u x'g] ljiffbLn] vfB ;'/IffnfO{ k|efljt ul/x]sf] ;Gbe{df k|b'lift vfBx?sf] klxrfg x'g' clt cfjZos
eO{ ;s]]sf] 5 . o;}sf nflu vfB j:t'x?df Traceability sf] cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf; eO{ ljleGg ljsl;t b]zx?n]
o; cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfkm\gf] d'n'ssf] vfB cfk"lt{ k|0ffnLsf] cleGg cFusf ?kdf cFuLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ .
cfOP;cf] cg';f/ Traceability eGgfn] vfB kbfy{sf] pTkfbg, k|zf]wg / ljt/0f k|lqofsf] ultnfO{ cg'udg ug]{
k|lqmof xf] eGg] a'lemG5 . Traceability k|0ffnLn] pTkfbg, k|zf]wg / ljt/0f k|lqmofdf x/]s txsf] ;"rgfx?
;dfj]z u/]sf] x'gfn] of] k|0ffnL nfu' u/]sf] v08df pTkflbt vfB j:t'x?sf] ljZj;lgotfdf j[l4 eO{ pQm
j:t'x?sf] lgof{t ;xh x'g] b]lvG5 .
o'/f]lkog o'lgog, ;+o['Qm /fHo cd]l/sf, hfkfg, ci6«]lnof, Sofg8f nufotsf ljsl;t b]zx?df Traceability
k|0ffnL nfu' u/L vfB j:t'sf] u'0f:t/;DjGwL PsLg ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf] x'Fbf tL g]kfnn] klg vfB j:t'sf] pTkfbg,
k|zf]wg, 9'jfgL, e08f/0f / ljt/0f nufotsf If]qdf Traceability k|0ffnLnfO{ nfu' ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . o;sf
nflu pTkfbs s[ifs, ;+sns, k|zf]wg pBf]u, 9'jfgLstf{ / ljt/sx?nfO{ Traceability k|0ffnLdf kf]Vt agfpg
pgLx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug'{ cfjZos 5 .
cGo u}/ eG;f/ dfkgx?sf] ;+jf]wg
-!_ ef/tsf vfB kbfy{ lgof{t ug{ b]xfosf k|lqmofx? k'/f ug'{kb{5 .
-s_ ef/tLo vfB k|of]uzfnfsf] k|df0fkq lng h?/L 5 .
-v_ 3\o', t]n / k|zf]lwt vfBj:t'x? lgof{t ubf{ ef/tLo Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and
Labelling) Second Amendment Regulations, 2013 sf] k|fjwfg adf]lhd fat content pNn]v ug'{
h?/L 5 .
64
-u_ General Grading and Marking Rules, 1988 sf] k|fjwfg adf]lh s[lif pTkfbgsf] u'0f:t/sf af/]df
n]alnªsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x''gkb{5 .
-3_ Food Safety and Standards (Food Import) Regulations, 2016 sf] k|jwfg cg';f/ x/]s
vfBfGgsf] ldlt ;lxtsf] Dofb tf]lsPsf] clgjfo{ x'g'kb{5 .
-ª_ Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011 sf] k|fjwfg
cg';f/ Kofs]lhª :6f088{, kf]ifs tTj, v'b kl/df0f, pTkfbg ldlt, dfFzfxf/L kbfy{ k|of]u ePsf] eP ;f] ;d]t
pNn]lvt,pTkfbgsf] gfd / 7]ufgf tyf k|of]u u/L ;Sg'kg]{ ldlt ;d]t :ki6 pNn]v ePsf] x'g'kb{5 .
-r_ Sjf/]06fOg ;DjGwL k|fjwfgx?
-@_ Oo' b]zx?df vfB kbfy{ lgof{t ug{ b]xfosf k|lqmofx? k'/f ug'{kb{5
-s_ o'/f]lkog sldzg nufotsf cfoftstf{ d'n'sx?n] nfu' u/]sf MRLs -clwsQd cjz]if :t/_ ;DjGwL
k|fjwfgx?
-v_ Oo' b]zx?df vfB j:t'sf] u'0f:t/ lglZrt ug{ nfu' u/]sf] Traceability ;DjGwL k|fjwfgx?
-u_ vfB j:t'x?sf] n]jlnª ;DjGwL b]xfosf k|fjwfgx?M
allergens in the list of ingredients;
energy value
the amounts of fat, saturates, carbohydrate, sugars, protein and salt
-#_ d':nLd b]zx?df vfB j:t'x? lgof{t ubf{ xnfn k|df0fkq
-$_ rLgtkm{ lgof{t ubf{ Import and Export Commodity Inspection Law of the Peoples
Republic of China, df pNn]lvt k|fjwfgx?
-%_ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf vfB ;fdfu|Lx? lgof{t ubf{ ToxfFsf] Food & Drug Administration Act df
pNn]lvt k|fjwfgx? k'/f ug{ h?/L 5 .
;+jf]wg ul/g'kg]{ cGo ljifox?M
;'b"/klZrddf lgsf;L ;Defjgf ePsf j:t'x?df s[lif ;DjGwL j:t'x?sf] k|wfgtf /x]sf] 5 . oL j:t'x? nlIft
ahf/df lgsf;L ug{ u'0f:t/sf k|fjwfgx? k'/f u/]sf] x''g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;} u/L u'0f:t/ k|df0fLs/0fnfO{ nlIft
ahf/df dfGotfk|fKt u/]sf] klg x'g' kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;DjlGwt pBf]ux?n] pTkflbt j:t'x?sf] u'0f:t/ k|df0fLs/0f
kfos kg]{ :yfgdf x'g g;Sbf lgsf;Lstf{x?nfO{ ;d:of kl//x]sf] 5 . ef/ttkm{ s[lifhGo j:t' lgsf;L ug{ g]kfn
eG;f/sf] kf/Lkl§sf ;LdfjtL{ ef/tLo eG;f/ sfof{nox?df Sjf/]06fOg sfof{nox?sf] ljifo lgsf;Lstf{n] nfdf]
;dob]lv ef]lu/x]sf] ;d:of xf] . lgsf;LhGo pBf]ux?df ul/g] Jofkf/ ljQ Joj:yfkg klg ;xh x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g
. lgsf;Lstf{ pBdLx?n] rsf]{ Jofhb/sf] ;fdfgf ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 . lgsf;LhGo pBf]unfO{ rflxg] bIf hgzlQmsf]
sdL klg 68\sf/f] b]lvG5 . k|b]zdfl:yt lgsf;Lstf{ pBdLx?nfO{ ahf/sf] tfhf ;"rgfsf] k|jfx klg x'g ;ls/x]sf]
5}g . s[ifsx?nfO{ ;dod} kof{Kt dn, pGgt hftsf] jLpm, jfx|df; l;+rfO{sf] ;'ljwfsf] sdL, sfi7pBf]usf nflu
rflxg] sf7sf] j[Iff/f]k0fsf nflu rflxg] lj?jf ljt/0fdf cfPsf] /f]sfj6 h:tf ;d:ofsf sf/0f k|b]zaf6 ;f]+r]
65
cg';f/ lgsf;L k|j4{g / cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . oL ljifox? ;+3Lo ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo
txsf] ;o'Qm kxndf ;+jf]wg ul/g' cfjZos b]lvG5 .
nfut Go'gLs/0fdf k|b]z ;/sf/n] ug'{kg]{ ;xof]ux?
-s_ jfXo d''n'sx?df s[lif pTkfbgx?nfO{ k|lt:kwL{ agfpg s[ifsx?nfO{ ljleGg lsl;df ;xof]u, cg'bfg, k|f]T;fxg
/ ;+/If0fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . g]kfnsf] s[lif pTkfbgsf] k|lt:kwL{ ef/tLo s[lif pTkfbg ;/x k|lt:kwL{ agfpg
k|b]z ;/sf/n] klg cfkm\gf s[ifsx?nfO{ sDtLdf ef/tLo s[ifsx?n] kfP ;/x/sf ;'ljwfx? k|bfg ug'{ cfjZos
b]lvG5 .
-v_ lgsf;LhGo pBf]ux?nfO{ ;x'lnot b/df Jofhsf] Joj:yf ul/g' klg cfjZos 5
-u_ ;fd'lxs s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg x'g] gLlt / sfo{qmdx? nfu' ul/g'kb{5
-3_ lglZrt ;dofjlwsf nflu lgsf;LhGo pBf]ux?nfO{ s/x?df ljz]if 5'6sf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
- ª_ pBf]u :yfkgfsf nflu rflxg] k"jf{wf/df ;/sf/af6 kof{Kt nufgL ul/g'kb{5 .
66
lgisif{
-!_ ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z g]kfnsf] s[lif pTkfbgsf] e08f/ xf] . k|z:t pJhfpm e"ld /x]sf] o; k|b]zdf pTkfbg x'g]
s[lifhGo j:t'x? wfg, ds}, ux'F, cfn', kmnkm'n, ljleGg vfnsf k'ikx?, pTkfbgdf cem j[l4 ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf
/x]sf] 5 . o;k|sf/sf] j[l4n] ;DjlGwt j:t'x?sf] lgsf;L k|j4{g, cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ / cfoftk|lt:yfkg ug{ ;Sg]
b]lvPsf] 5 .
-@_ vfB k|zf]wg pBf]usf pTkfbgx? w'nf] b'w, d}bf, vfg]t]n, lrgL, lj:s'6, rsn]6, ld7fO{, cfn' lrK;, k]okbfy{,
h';, kz' cfxf/ h:tf pTkfbgx?sf] lj:tf/af6 k|b]zdf x'g] cfoft k|lt:yfkg x'g] / cGo k|b]zdf ;d]t cfk"lt{ ug{
;lsg] eO{ ;du|df d'n'ssf] g} cfoft k|lt:yfkg x'g] b]lvG5 .
-#_ pBf]u :yfkgfdf w]/} k'FhL gnfUg] t/ /fd|f] ahf/ ePsf b}lgs pkof]udf k|of]u x'g] j:t'x?sf] pBf]u :yfkgf u/L
cfoft k|lt:yfg / cGt/k|b]z cfk"lt{ ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .
-$_ o; k|b]zdf /x]sf] ljleGg vfgLx? h:t} tfdf, kmnfd r'g9'Fuf vfgL ;~rfng u/L tL j:t'x?sf pTkfbg
pBf]u :yfkgfsf] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5 .
-%_ jGohGo pTkfbgx?df cfwfl/t sfuh, kmlg{r/ pBf]ux?sf] :yfkgf u/L cfoft k|lt:yfkg / cGt/k|b]zdf
cfk"lt{ ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf klg b]lvPsf] 5 .
-^_ o; k|b]zdf pTkflbt x'g] hl8a'6L, kmnkm'n, h}t'gsf] t]n, b'Uw kbfy{, h}ljs t/sf/L, hnljB't, ko{6g,
g]qlrlsT;f ;]jf h:tf j:t' Pjd\ ;]jfx? lgsf;Lsf nflu k|an ;Defjgf ePsf j:t'sf ?kdf b]vfk/]sf 5g\ .
-&_ dfg;/f]j/ hfg] tLy{ofqLsf nflu o; k|b]znfO{ k|j]zljGb"sf ?kdf ljsf; u/L ef/tLo lxGb" tLy{ofqLx?nfO{
cfslif{t ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5 . ;fy} k|]bzdf /x]sf ko{6sLo If]qx?, dlGb/x?, b]jLyfgx?, di6f] a08fnLsf wfdx?
tyf cGo P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf If]qx?sf] ljsf; u/L cfGtl/s ko{6s k|j4{g ug{ ;lsG5 .
-*_ g]q lrlsT;f ;]jfsf] lgof{tsf nflu s}nfnLsf] u]6fdf cjl:yt cfFvf c:ktfnaf6 7"nf] dfqfdf ef/tLo d'b|f
cfh{g ug]{ ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .
67
;'emfj
-!_ b]zsf] a9\bf] Jofkf/3f6fnfO{ Go'gLs/0f ug{ k|b]z:t/df lgsf;L ;DefJo j:t'x?sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'g h?/L
5 .
-@_ g]kfnn] cfoft ul//x]sf t/ k|b]zdf pTkfbg j[l4 ug{ ;lsg] j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'g klg
cfjZos b]lvG5 .
-#_ ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zddf pTkfbg eO{ cGo k|b]zx?df k7fpg ;lsg] / Nofpg ;lsg] j:t'x?sf] k|efjsf/L
Joj:yfkg x'g klg h?/L 5 .
-$_;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf Jofkf/ ;Dj4 k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf;df Wofg hfg' klg h?/L 5 .
-%_ lgsf;LhGo, cfoftk|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] tyf cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ ;Defjgf ePsf j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf]
pTkfbgdf k|b]z ;/sf/n] k|f]T;fxgfTds, ;+/If0ffTds Joj:yfx? ug'{ klg cfjZos 5 .
-^_ lgsf;L k|j4{gdf lgsf;Lstf{x?nfO{ ;do ;dodf cGt/f{li6«o ahf/sf] cj:yf, u'0f:t/ dfkb08x?, n]jlnª,
Kofs]lhª, a|fl08ª hfgsf/L pknJw u/fpg] Joj:yfx? ug{ klg h?/L 5 .
-&_ lgsf;LhGo, cfoftk|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] tyf cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ ;Defjgf ePsf j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf] ljsf;,
d"No >[+vnfsf] ljsf;df k|b]z ;/sf/n] cfjZos nufgL ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 .
-*_ ;+sng s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf / To;sf] k|efjsf/L ;~rfngdf k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;xof]usf] cfjZostf b]lvG5 .
-(_ vfB k|zf]wg pBf]ufsf] lj:tf/, ljsf;, :t/f]GglQsf nflu cfly{s, k|fljlws tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/df k|b]z
;/sf/sf] ;/sf/sf] ;xof]u cfjZos b]lvG5 .
-!)_ lgsf;L k|j4{gsf nflu k|b]z:t/df klg k|j4{gfTds ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ug'{ kg]{ h?/L b]lvG5
-!!_ cfofltt k'mnx?nfO{ lj:yfkg ug{ k|b]zdf Jofks ?kdf k'ikv]tL lj:tf/ lj:tf/ ul/g'kb{5 .
-!@_ k|b]zdf pknw vfgLx? oyfzSo rfF8f] ;~rfng u/L j:t' pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u :yfkgfdf k|b]z ;/sf/ /
lghL If]qsf] ;xsfo{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .
-!#_ ef/tLo lxGb" tLy{ofqLx?nfO{ cfslif{t ug{ wflds{s tLy{:ynsf] k|rf/k|;f/sf ;fy} dfg;/f]a/ hfg] dfu{sf]
ljsf; ul/g' cfjZos b]lvG5 .
-!$_ g]q lrlsT;f ;]jfsf] lgof{tsf nflu s}nfnLsf] u]6fdf cjl:yt c:ktfnnfO{ :t/f]GglQ u/L ef/tsf ;]jfu|fxL
;d]tnfO{ nlIft u/L cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] g]q pkrf/ c:ktfnsf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g'kb{5 .
l;kmfl/;
o; cWoogdf klxrfg ul/Psf ;a} j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf] ljsf;sf nflu lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|:tfj
tof/ ug]{, ;f] sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] u/L ljz]if 6f]nLx? u7g u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos
b]lvG5 .
68
cg';'rL
jfl0fHo gLlt @)&@, g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs[t /0fgLlt @)&#, k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf
tyf lghL If]qn] klxrfg u/]sf] j:t'x?, g]kfnsf] cfoft Jofkf/ ljZn]if0faf6 ls6fg ul/Psf j:t'x?
tyf k|b]z:t/df ul/Psf cGt/lqmofaf6 ;'emfjx?nfO{ b[li6ut u/L lgsf;L ;DEffJo j:t'x?sf] ljsf;
ul/g' cfjZos b]lvG5 .
-s_ jfl0fHo gLlt @)&@ df pNn]v ePsf / ;'b"/klZrdaf6 lgsf;L ;Defjgf ePsf j:t'x? b]xfo
ad]lhd /x]sf 5g\ .
cb'jf÷;''7f]
pmgL tyf un}+Frf
cf}iflw, cf}iflwhGo hl8a'6L tyf ;f/o'Qm t]n
lrgL
t/sf/L, t/sf/Lsf] aLp
k'ik -k"mn_
kmnkm"n
dx
bfn
xft] sfuh / ;f]sf] pTkfbg
ko{6g
:jf:Yo ;]jf
-v_ g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs[t /0fgLldf pNn]lvt j:t' tyf ;]jfx?df pNn]v eO{ ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zaf6
lgsf;L ug{ ;lsg] j:t' / ;]jfx?
cb'jf
h8La'6L / ;'ulGwt jg:klt
5fnf
ko{6g -cfdf]bk|df]b, lrlsT;f_
wft'
kmnkm'n
69
h';
dx
d;'/f]
sfuh
ax'd'No kYy/
pmgL pTkfbgx?
-u_ k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f cfof]hgfdf pNn]v ePsf s[lifhGo j:t'x?
cfn', :ofpm, t/sf/L, cb'jf, a];f/,wfg, df5f, ds} / ds}sf] ljpm, h}t'g, ux'F klg lgsf;L
;Deffgf ePsf , cfoftk|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] / cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt
j:t'x?x? /x]sf 5g\ .
-3_ k|b]z ;/sf/n] k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf s[lifhGo pTkfbgx?
ux'F, ds}, hf}, cn}+rL, skmL, k|fufll/s dn, s]/f, cf]v/, ;'Gtnf, sfuhL, h'gf/, d]jf,
lslj, cFu'/, :ofpm, d'Fu, h}t'g, klZdgf h:tf j:t'x? kb{5g\ . oL j:t'x?nfO{ lgof{t
k|j4{g, cGt/k|b]z Jofkf/ / cfoftk|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
-ª_ cWoogsf l;nl;nfdf lghL If]q;Fu ljleGg r/0fdf ePsf cGt/lqmodf b]xfosf
j:t'x? cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP .
-!_ s[lifhGoM
-s_ e]8fafv|f, df5f, df;', b'UwhGo kbfy{, c08f, dx, km'nx? tyf lj?jfx?, tfhf xl/of] t/sf/L,
cfn', Kofh, s]/fpmsf] sf];f, bnxg- s]/fpm, d'Fu, df;, d;'/f], af]8L, l;dL _, kmnkm'n- s]/f, cfFk,
;'Gtnf, cgf/, cFu'/_, d;nf tyf gub]afnL - skmL, bfnlrgL, wlgof, d]yL, tof/L d;nf, Hjfgf],
a];f/, ltn_,
-v_ k|wfg vfBfGgafnL- ux'F, ds}, dl;gf] / af:gfbf/ rfnd, hf}, d}bf,
-u_ t/sf/Lsf] ljpm,
-3_ t]nxg- tf]/L, /fof], ;:o'{, ;"o{d'vL_, vfg]t]n,
-ª_ lrgL, rsn]6, ld7fO{, r'Oud, rfpmrfpm, lrK;, lj:s'6, s]s, kfp/f]6L, h';, crf/,
-r_ l:k/L6, dlb/f, kz' cfxf/, ;'tL{ r'/f]6,
-@_ u}/s[lifhGo
-s_ l;d]G6, d;L,
-v_ >[Fuf/sf ;fdfg- lnlkli6s, lqmd, kfp8/, k/km\o'd_, cu/aQL, ;]Kkm", ;fa'g, skfndf nfpg] t]n,
6'yk]i6, sk8f w'g] kfp8/, ;nfO{, nfO{6/,
-u_ Knfli6ss ;fdfgx?- ef8fs'F8f, a|;, af]tn, s];, qm]6, kfOk, emf]nf, kmlg{r/_,
-3_ 5fnfsf ;fdfgx? - h'Qf, rKkn, k]6L, k;{, ;'6s];, emf]nf,
70
-ª_ sf7sf ;fdfgx?- kmlg{r/, KnfOpm8_, sfuh- sfuh,vfd, Koflsªsf ;fdfgx?_,
-r_ pmg, cNnf], ledn, efFuf]af6 aGg] ;fdfgx?, sfk]{6, tof/L kf]zfs, af]/f,
-5_ ;]/fldS;sf ;fdfgx? -a]l;g, sdf]8, sk, Kn]6_,
-h_ 6Lsf, r'/f, kf]t], ;fgf
-em_ s[lif cf}hf/, tfNrf, ;fFrf],
-`_ wft'sf kmlg{r/, v]nf}gf, k]lG;n, s6/, /a/, O/]h/, HofldtLsf ;fdfgx?
-r_ cWoogsf l;nl;nfdf lghL If]q;Fu ljleGg r/0fdf ePsf cGt/lqmodf b]xfosf
j:t'x? lgof{t ;DEffJo j:t'sf] ?kdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP .
!= cb'jf, k/an, nf}sf, j];f/, 3\o" - ;'k vf]/]t /lxt If]q 3f]if0ff x'g'kg]{ _
@= h8La'6L
#= l6d'/, skmL, ?b|fIf, skmL, lrof, h8La'6L,cf]v/, ;'Gtnf, sfutL, cldnf] r's, aflaof] cNnf],
:yfgLo hftsf] s]/f,
$= h8La'6L, s'l/nf], 3o's'df/L, s]dfdfOn, d]Gyf, n]dgu|f;,
%= lr/fOtf], cf]v/ / cf]v/sf] w'nf], t]hkQf, l/6\7f, l6d'/, lrp/L, cdnf, kxf8L cdnf ljz]if vfnsf]
x'G5 . r'qmf sfkmn, 3F3f?, em\ofpm, em\ofpmsf] cu/aQL
;du|df b]xfosf j:t'x? ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zaf6 lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] ;DefJo j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] ?kdf
b]lvPsf 5g\
-!_ b'Uwkbfy{ ljz]if Wo', rLh
-@_ km'n, lj?jf
-#_ t/sf/L, cuf{lgs, kxf8L , lxdfnL e]usf pTkfbgx?, t/fO{sf pTkfbgdf nf}sf, k/jn, le08L,
aGbf, sfpnL, s'l/nf],
-$_ bnxgM n]sfnL, kxf8L / lxdfnL e]udf pTkfbg x'g]
-%_ kmnkm'nM kxf8L, n]sfnL / lxdfnL e]udf pTkfbg x'g], t/fO{df s]/f
-^_ cn}+rL, skmL, lrof - eljiodf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg]_, a];f/, wlgof, d]yL,
-&_ pRr lxdfnL / n]sfnL e]udf pTkfbg ul/Psf cGg
-*_ e6df;, :yfgLo hftsf /}yfg] t/sf/Lsf] ljpm,
-(_ tf]/L
-!)_ h}t'gsf] t]n - cf]lne cfon_
-!!_ h8La'6L / ;f/t]n
-!@_ >[Fuf/sf ;fwfg- xa{n_
-!#_ ;Nnfsf kmlg{r/
-!$_ vf]6f] / 6k]{G6fOg
-!%_ cld|;f]sf] s'rf]
-!^_ sTyf
-!&_ aflaof]sf 8f]/Lx?
-!*_ af]tno'Qm kfgL
-!(_ rfpmrfpm, lrK;, h';
71
-@)_ 5fnfsf pTkfbgx?
-@!_ sf7sf kmlg{r/x? ljz]if hftaft ag]sf, d"lt{x?, laho ;fnsf pDvf]/f
-@@_ sfuh, g]kfnL xft]sfuh
-@#_ lxdfnL e]udf pmgaf6 ag]sf ;fdfgx? - sfDnf], No", /f8LkfvL, :jL6]/, unjGbL, 6f]kL, k~hf,
pmgL un}+rf, klZdgf
-@$_ tof/L kf]zfs
-@%_ x:tsnfsf ;fdfgx?
;]jf Jofkf/
lgof{t ;DefJo ;]jfx?
-s_ :jf:Yo ;]jf
-!_ g]q lrls:tf
-@_ of]u Wofg
-v_ lzIff ;]jfM
-!_ d]l8sn cWoog
-@_ gl;{ª lzIff
-#_ OlGhlgol/ª lzIff
-v_ ko{6g
-!_ cfdf]bk|df]b ko{6g
hnofqf,
:sL,
a~hL,
dfp06]g /];,
Kof/fUnfO{8,
;]ldgf/,
dgf]/~hg- Sofl;gf]_,
v]ns'b - lqms]6, elnan_,
hFun ;kmf/L,
kbofqf,
b[iofjnf]sg, dfp06]g km\nfO{ wgu9L clk ;}kfn
cg';Gwfg ko{6g,
r/f cjnf]sg ko{6g,
hLjhGt' cjnf]sg ko{6g,
jg:klt cWoog / cjnf]sg,
72
kof{ko{6g,
s[lif ko{6g,
ef/tsf ko{6s nlIft lxn:6]zg cfdf]bk|df]b ko{6g
-@_ tLyf{6g
aemfª tfSnfsf]6 dfg;/f]a/ ofqf
b]jLyfg bz{g
cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] ;]jfx?M
-s_ lrlsT;f ;]jf
-v_ lzIff ;]jf
-!_ sf7df8f}+sf 7"nf z}lIfs ;+:yfgx?sf] ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf pkqmdx? :yfkgf ug]{,
-@_ ef/tsf] b]x/fb'gsf :s'nx?sf] ;'b"/klZrddf pkqmdx? :yfkgf ug{]
cGt/ k|b]z Jofkf/ ug{ ;lsg] ;]jfx? Jofkf/
-s_ y/uf]q pTklQ:yn ko{6g
-v_ wfld{s ko{6g
b]jL yfg
di6f]a08fnL
P]ltxfl;s :yn
k'/ftflTs dxTjsf :ynx?
dlGb/, b]jn, wf/f, kf6Lkf}jf, bf]efg, lqj]0fL
;fF:s[lts hfqf
s'nb]jtf b]jL bz{g
73
;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?
Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture, 2073/74, 2074 BS, Ministry
of Agriculture and Livestock, Kathmandu
Mineral Resources of Nepal, 2017, Department of Mines and Geology,
Kathmandu
Annual household survey 2015/16, 2016, Central Bureau of Statistics,
Kathmandu Nepal
Industrial Survey 2011/12, 2012, Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu
Nepal
Regional (Provincial) National Accounts, 2019, Central Bureau of Statistics,
Kathmandu Nepal
Web site visited
www. Trademap.org
www.macmap.org
www.wikipedia.com
http://www.worldsrichestcountries.com/top_mango_importers.html _
http://www.forbesindia.com/article/work-in-progress/a-pilot-project-to-increase-ups-sugarcane-
yields/36881/1
https://www.statista.com/statistics/740444/corn-yield-brazil/
https://www.mapsofindia.com/top-ten/india-crops/potato.html
www.faostat.com
www.cbs.gov.np