liam earney - constraining the total cost of ownership the uk experience

Constraining the total cost of ownership in the UK

Waiting for the Great Leap Forward

03/05/2023UK & Offsetting JIBS 080716 1

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»Background› APC based gold and the total cost of ownership › Offsetting agreements

»Challenges»Opportunities› Market indicators› Sustainability and how we might promote it› Open access in one country

»Beyond APC based gold open access?UK & Offsetting JIBS 080716

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The total cost of ownership

UK & Offsetting JIBS 080716

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018£0

£10,000

£20,000

£30,000

£40,000

£50,000

£60,000

£70,000

APCsSubscription

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 -

500,000.00

1,000,000.00

1,500,000.00

2,000,000.00

2,500,000.00

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 -

50,000.00

100,000.00

150,000.00

200,000.00

250,000.00

300,000.00

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 -

100,000.00

200,000.00

300,000.00

400,000.00

500,000.00

600,000.00 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

-

500,000.00

1,000,000.00

1,500,000.00

2,000,000.00

2,500,000.00 Elsevier - total APC cost

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 -

50,000.00 100,000.00 150,000.00 200,000.00 250,000.00 300,000.00 350,000.00 400,000.00

Nature - total APC cost

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 -

100,000.00

200,000.00

300,000.00

400,000.00

500,000.00

600,000.00

Oxford University Press - total APC cost2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

- 50,000.00

100,000.00 150,000.00 200,000.00 250,000.00 300,000.00 350,000.00 400,000.00 450,000.00 500,000.00

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 -

50,000.00 100,000.00 150,000.00 200,000.00 250,000.00 300,000.00 350,000.00 400,000.00

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 -

20,000.00

40,000.00

60,000.00

80,000.00

100,000.00

120,000.00

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Offsetting agreements

»Priorities1.Cost efficiency - minimise/remove additional costs to

institution2.Compliance - help/enable institutions to comply with

funder policies regardless of whether they are choosing gold or green

3.Administrative efficiency - minimise the burden on institutions of implementing and managing OA payment schemes

4.Transition - implementing schemes that facilitate a real and sustainable transition to open access

One response to the actual increase in expenditure


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Political support for gold and offsetting

“I am also keen to see progress in offsetting arrangements and better value obtained for higher

education institutions”

Jo Johnson MPMinister of State for Universities and Science

11th February 2016

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Challenges


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Challenges

»PR exercise or genuinely effective on costs and admin?


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Sustainability?


“Article processing charges (APCs) and subscriptions - Monitoring open access costs” May 2016 Katie Shamashhttps://www.jisc.ac.uk/reports/apcs-and-subscriptions© Jisc Published under the CC BY 4.0 licence creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

https://www.jisc.ac.uk/reports/apcs-and-subscriptions


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Challenges

»PR exercise or genuinely effective on costs and admin?

»Transparency or just a bigger big deal?


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Bigger big deal?


2013 2014 2015£0.00

£500,000.00

£1,000,000.00

£1,500,000.00

£2,000,000.00

£2,500,000.00

£3,000,000.00

£3,500,000.00

28 institutions

39 institutions

40 institutions

Total APC expenditure

Elsevier Wiley-Blackwell Nature Publishing Group Oxford University PressSpringer PLOS BioMed Central American Chemical SocietyBMJ Taylor & Francis Frontiers

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Challenges»PR exercise or genuinely effective on costs and admin?»Transparency or just a bigger big deal?»Too many and/ineffective workflows

› Too much human interaction› Poor communication – both to authors and OA managers› Uncertainty over take up and use

»Cost allocation within and across institutions»Is there any evidence of price sensitivity from authors?»What penalties are there for no offsetting agreement?»Tensions between efficiency/transparency/cost?


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OpportunitiesSustainability and how we might promote it


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The journal market





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Indicators of a market


2013 2014 2015£0.00

£500,000.00

£1,000,000.00

£1,500,000.00

£2,000,000.00

£2,500,000.00

£3,000,000.00

£3,500,000.00

28 institutions

39 institutions

40 institutions

Total APC expenditure

Elsevier Wiley-Blackwell Nature Publishing Group Oxford University PressSpringer PLOS BioMed Central American Chemical SocietyBMJ Taylor & Francis Frontiers

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Indicators of a market





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A flipped modelThe Springer Compact agreement


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A flipped model


Standard Model Flipped Model0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Subscriptions Publishing/APCs

Unlim-ited?

Capped

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Transition to OA?


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Promoting sustainability


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Challenges in the journals market

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Steps to promote sustainability?

»Limit use of research funding to pure gold?› Or place conditions on use of funds in hybrid journals

»Encourage greater participation in negotiations»Preference in negotiations/purchasing for models that

shift to OA»Greater support for Green in OA policies»Development and adopt a fuller range of quality

indicators»Support small, society publishers, close to the

academic community, explore innovative business modelsUK & Offsetting JIBS 080716

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The importance of international cooperationFrom open access in one country to large scale transition


Market transformed(Open Access)

After an OA transformation

Global level view

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The global scholarly journal market and its financial dimensions

Scenario of transformation based on current global operating numbers per year

An OA transformation seems to be possible without financial risks

Market today(subscription)

Total budget7.6 bn €

1.5 M scholarly articles in WoS;

up to ~2 M overall

5,000 €/article WoS;3,800 €/article overall

Base budget4 bn € plus~45% buffer

2 M scholary articles 2,000 €/article1)

based on realistic APC expectations1) available for new & improved services, remaining subscriptions etc.


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7.6 bn EUR

Remaining subscription budget 10%(~0.8 bn EUR)

Open Access volume: ~14% of articles;

~4% of budget

Global level view

25

Transformation means re-allocation of budgets and conversion of journals and processes

2.8 bn EUR buffer for new & improved

services etc.(without remaining

subscriptions)

Global open access journal

base budget4 bn EUR p.a.

(2,000 €/article)

Assuming 90% conversion

Globalsubscription journal

budget7.6 bn EUR p.a.

(≥3,800 EUR/article)

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Should APC-based Gold open access be the target?

»One target in the near/medium term»Is APC narrative and experience harmful to OA?

»Should APCs be regarded as transitional/experimental?

»Do APCs address the fundamental issue of ‘control’?

»Could membership models be more sustainable and attractive?›What does membership include?›How do ‘we’ participate in governance?


jisc.ac.uk

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Thank you

Liam Earney

Director, Jisc Collections

[email protected]


http://www.jisc.ac.uk/

liam earney - constraining the total cost of ownership the uk experience

Education