PRESORTEDSTANDARD

U.S. POSTAGE PAIDHONOLULU, HI

PERMIT NO. 1023

T U R F G R A S S I S S U E

$5.00T h e V o i c e o f h A W A i i ’ S G R e e N i N D U S T R Y

shaping hawaii

TURFgRassnew

opTions

landscape policy

saving waTeR

A new array of patented turf grasses offers variety of characteristics to thrive in Hawaii’s unique climate

11 legislative bills are slated this session that will shape the landscape industry

Optimize irrigation controller schedules to save up to 30% water

MARch | APRiL 2013

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 3

803 Mapunapuna Street, Honolulu, HI 96819-2086

TEL (808) 833-4567 FAX (808) 833-9346 hiscosales.com

The proven leader in smart water management.

Public Works, Irrigation and Landscape Supplies

Hisco is the only authorized irrigation distributor of both Hunter and Rain Bird on

the islands, as well as your distributor for WeatherTRAK controllers and Atlantic

water gardens for pond products. Your one-stop shopping solution with our

complete line of Best fertilizer, Echo & Shindaiwa power equipment, landscape

lighting by FX Lighting, Vista Lighting and Auroralight. Our extensive inventory is

available to supply large or small projects. We deliver with same day delivery on

Oahu or shipping to the outer islands. Contact our friendly staff today!

Formed in June 1986, the Landscape Industry Coun-cil of Hawai‘i is a state wide alliance representing Ha-waii’s landscape associa-tions: Aloha Arborist Asso-ciation, American Society of Landscape Architects Ha-

waii Chapter, Hawaii Association of Nurserymen, Hawaii Island Landscape Association, Hawaii Landscape and Irrigation Contractors, Hawaii Society of Urban Forestry Professionals, Kauai Landscape Industry Council, Maui Association of Landscape Professionals, Professional Grounds Management Society, Big Island Association of Nurserymen, and the Hawaii Professional Gar-deners Association.

Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘iP. O. Box 22938, Honolulu HI 96823-2938

Editor Christopher A. Dacus Chris.Dacus@gmail.comAdvertising Sales Jay Deputy jaydeputy@gmail.comMembership Cheryl M. Dacus Cheryldacus@yahoo.comDesigner Darrell Ishida

Cover Photo Photo by Sod Solutions Captiva™ St. Augustine

The Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii is grateful to these businesses for their generous support.

DEPARTMENTS

4 PRESIDENT’S MEMO 4 LICH NEWS 8 PEST COLUMN 10 NATIVE COLUMN 12 TREE STORIES28 TOOL TIPS30 HAWAI-‘ICOLOGY

FEATURES

6 LOUD & CLEAR 9 PLANT PONO 14 DROUGHT MANAGEMENT 16 MOWING TIPS 18 TURfGRASS REVIEW20 LEILEHUA GOLf COURSE27 TURfGRASS CERTIfICATION

COVER STORIES

7 SHAPING HAWAII LANDSCAPE POLICY 13 IRRIGATION SCHEDULE 22 NEW TURfGRASSES

22

THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

Facebookhttp://facebook.com/hawaiiscape

Twitterhttp://twitter.com/hawaiiscape

2 0 1 3 B O A r d O f d i r e c t O r s

Chris Dacus, President Brandon Au, Vice President Matt Lyum, Treasurer Rick Quinn, Secretary

Director emeriti Boyd Ready Garrett Webb Jay Deputy Lelan Nishek Steve Nimz Directors Aaron Agsalda Chuck Chimera Karen Ostborg Carl Evensen Clifford Migita Mark Suiso Chris McCullough Edmundo Reyes Orville Baldos Christy Martin Josh Sand Randy Liu

Be Sociable!

TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S

INSIDElook

Platinum Sponsors

Website Sponsors

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 3

803 Mapunapuna Street, Honolulu, HI 96819-2086

TEL (808) 833-4567 FAX (808) 833-9346 hiscosales.com

The proven leader in smart water management.

Public Works, Irrigation and Landscape Supplies

Hisco is the only authorized irrigation distributor of both Hunter and Rain Bird on

the islands, as well as your distributor for WeatherTRAK controllers and Atlantic

water gardens for pond products. Your one-stop shopping solution with our

complete line of Best fertilizer, Echo & Shindaiwa power equipment, landscape

lighting by FX Lighting, Vista Lighting and Auroralight. Our extensive inventory is

available to supply large or small projects. We deliver with same day delivery on

Oahu or shipping to the outer islands. Contact our friendly staff today!

Formed in June 1986, the Landscape Industry Coun-cil of Hawai‘i is a state wide alliance representing Ha-waii’s landscape associa-tions: Aloha Arborist Asso-ciation, American Society of Landscape Architects Ha-

waii Chapter, Hawaii Association of Nurserymen, Hawaii Island Landscape Association, Hawaii Landscape and Irrigation Contractors, Hawaii Society of Urban Forestry Professionals, Kauai Landscape Industry Council, Maui Association of Landscape Professionals, Professional Grounds Management Society, Big Island Association of Nurserymen, and the Hawaii Professional Gar-deners Association.

Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘iP. O. Box 22938, Honolulu HI 96823-2938

Editor Christopher A. Dacus Chris.Dacus@gmail.comAdvertising Sales Jay Deputy jaydeputy@gmail.comMembership Cheryl M. Dacus Cheryldacus@yahoo.comDesigner Darrell Ishida

Cover Photo Photo by Sod Solutions Captiva™ St. Augustine

The Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii is grateful to these businesses for their generous support.

DEPARTMENTS

4 PRESIDENT’S MEMO 4 LICH NEWS 8 PEST COLUMN 10 NATIVE COLUMN 12 TREE STORIES28 TOOL TIPS30 HAWAI-‘ICOLOGY

FEATURES

6 LOUD & CLEAR 9 PLANT PONO 14 DROUGHT MANAGEMENT 16 MOWING TIPS 18 TURfGRASS REVIEW20 LEILEHUA GOLf COURSE27 TURfGRASS CERTIfICATION

COVER STORIES

7 SHAPING HAWAII LANDSCAPE POLICY 13 IRRIGATION SCHEDULE 22 NEW TURfGRASSES

22

THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

Facebookhttp://facebook.com/hawaiiscape

Twitterhttp://twitter.com/hawaiiscape

2 0 1 3 B O A r d O f d i r e c t O r s

Chris Dacus, President Brandon Au, Vice President Matt Lyum, Treasurer Rick Quinn, Secretary

Director emeriti Boyd Ready Garrett Webb Jay Deputy Lelan Nishek Steve Nimz Directors Aaron Agsalda Chuck Chimera Karen Ostborg Carl Evensen Clifford Migita Mark Suiso Chris McCullough Edmundo Reyes Orville Baldos Christy Martin Josh Sand Randy Liu

Be Sociable!

TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S

INSIDElook

Platinum Sponsors

Website Sponsors

4 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 5THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

LIC.ABC-10825

808-245-7747

Mon. - Fri. 7:30-5 / Sat. 7:30-4WEB: www.kauainursery.comMAIL: knl@kauanursery.com

Toll Free: 888-345-7747 Fax: 808-245-9289

3-1550 Kaumualii HwyLihue, Kauai, HI 96766

CERTIFIED EXPORT NURSERYINTERISLAND SHIPPING

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE& DESIGN/BUILD

RESORT, COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIALINSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE

CCERTIFIED LANDSCAPE TECHNICIANSARBORISTS

IRRIGATION DESIGNINSTALLATION/REPAIR

KAUAI NURSEY &LANDSCAPING, INC.

60,000 SF Greenhouses 150 Acres of Plants & MaterialLARGEST NURSERY SELECTION ON KAUAI

Aloha,

LICH is off to a great start this year!

The new 2013 LICH Board of Directors is an energetic mix of industry titans and young pro-fessionals from a broad cross-section of the industry and the

state. It’s the best leadership team in many years. Look out for some great results this year.

Which comes first the nursery growing a new plant or a designer specifying a new plant? Well LICH is going to break the cycle and have an exciting evening event featuring new non-invasive plants at the LICH Runway Plant show with an actual fashion show runway and real models! Designers and nurseryman can both enjoy the evening. Don’t miss the big an-nouncement in the next issue.

The UH College of Tropical Agriculture and Hu-man Resources invited LICH to participate in the UH CTAHR Advisory Council. The council consists of green industry business leaders to provide guid-ance to the college. LICH presented a 5-point action plan of working with the landscape industry to Dean Gallo which was well received. More strategic meet-ings will take place in 2013.

A new LICH website is under construction and should be online in a couple of months. It will be super interactive and easy to navigate. The next issue will have more information.

Keep up to date on all the events with our active Twitter feed at @hawaiiscape or “Like” us on Face-book at http://facebook.com/hawaiiscape.

Enjoy the issue and keep on reading :)

Chris DacusPresident

phot

o: S

haun

Tok

unag

a

phot

o: C

arol

Kw

an

phot

o: M

icha

el O

'Har

aph

oto:

Dar

ren

Mill

er

President'sCOLUMN

March 2Puna ‘Ulu (Breadfruit) FestivalPuna, Big Island

March 6-72013 National Preservation Institute SeminarUH Historic Preservation, Oahu

March 7Recordkeeping Requirements For Certified ApplicatorsCrop Production Services, Oahu

March 9Trees From the Ground DownPearl City Urban Garden Center, Oahu

March 14Recordkeeping Requirements For Certified ApplicatorsHawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company Conference RoomPuunene, Maui

March 21-22Pesticide Risk Reduction EducationMolokai Education Center, Molokai

March 30The Secrets of Growing Hono Hono OrchidsFoster Botanical Garden, Oahu

April 5-6Kauai Orchid & Art FestivalHanapepe, Kauai

April 13Certified Arborist & Certified Tree Worker ExamsHonolulu, Oahu

April 15-16Pesticide Risk Reduction EducationMaui Community College, Maui

April 19Irrigation BasicsWahiawa Botanical Garden, Oahu

CaLendar of evenTS LandscapeHawaii.org (Check website for details)

Aloha Arborist Association (AAA) presented a Prun-ing Young Trees and Shrubs workshop for the Friends of Honolulu Botanical Gar-

dens on Saturday, November 17, 2012, at Ho‘omaluhia Botanical Garden. Certified Arborists Dudley Hulbert and Carol Kwan spoke on behalf of AAA and did demonstra-tions of proper pruning techniques.

Carol Kwan is the President of Carol Kwan Consulting, a Certified Arborist, and the Secre-tary of Aloha Arborist Association.

LICH WINS DOA $10,000 GRANT

LICH was awarded with $10,000 grant from the Department of Agriculture to produce a native plant poster for the DOA Buy Local, It Matters. Poster will be

inserted free in the September / October magazine.

pRUning woRkshop nov. 17

lobaTe lac scale RevisiTedlich diRecToR emeRiTi

lich annoUnces The RUnway planT show

W H A T S H A P P E N I N G

NEWSlich

By cArOl KwAn

By cArOl KwAn

Dudley Hulbert points out a poor branch attachment and explains how to prune to correct the problem and make a proper pruning cut.

IONA Contemporary Dance Theatre. www.iona360.com

The members unanimously approved of the selection of Boyd Ready, Steve Nimz, Garrett Webb, Lelan Nishek and Jay Deputy as Director Emeritus. A formal ceremony will be held

at the LICH Conference on October 10th.

April 20-22American Society of Irrigation ConsultantsAnnual ConferenceScottsdale, Arizona

April 30 – May 1Pesticide Risk Reduction EducationDivision of Forestry & Wildlife, Big Island

June 14LICH Runway Plant ShowKapiolani Community College Culinary School, Oahu

October 10LICH Conference Blaisdell Exhibition Hall, Oahu

MAY/JUNETheme: Edible Landscaping

Story Deadline: April 19th

SEP/OCT Theme: Native Plants / LICH Conference

Story Deadline: August 9th

JUL/AUGTheme: Sustainability & Conservation

Story Deadline: June 14th

UPCOMiNG ISSUES:Tell a great story! Email the editor at chris.dacus@gmail.com.

Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) has requested that the green waste generated from pruning or removing

a Lobate Lac Scale (LLS) infested plant be left at the site where it originated to reduce the risk of spreading this pest around Oahu. For example, chipped green waste from a tree can be left as mulch under the tree that was pruned. Smaller green waste, like hibiscus branches, can be bagged in dark plastic and left in the sun in an out-of-the-way corner of the property for a few days. The heat gener-ated in the bag will hopefully be sufficient to “cook” the LLS. Leaving any of the

green waste out in the sun for a month or so would probably work as well. Unfortunately, research on the life cycle of LLS and how long the different stages last doesn’t exist, so this is just a best guess. It is certainly better than doing nothing. LLS is sufficiently estab-lished on Oahu to be impossible to eradi-cate, but landscape professionals are the first line of defense in slowing it down.

Most importantly, because LLS has only been found on Oahu thus far, DO NOT MOVE INFESTED MATERIALS BE-TWEEN ISLANDS. As a reminder, all plants and propagative plant material require in-spection by the HDOA Quarantine Branch before moving between islands. If found infested with LLS, it will require treatment to exterminate the pest before it can be shipped.

Experience 50 new non-invasive plants like never before at the LICH Run-way Plant Show with the creations of IONA Con-

temporary Dance Theatre on June 14th at the Kapiolani Community College Culinary School sponsored by Alii Turf Company, D.R. Horton, and Hawaiian Turfgrass. An evening not to be missed featuring models walking the runway with promis-ing non-invasive plants, a rare plant silent auction, cocktails and pupus made from locally grown produce. Nurseries should submit plants for consideration by April 19th by email Chris.Dacus@gmail.com for more information. Check the website and the next issue for more details on ticket information.

(L to R): Boyd Ready, Steve Nimz, Garrett Webb, Lelan Nishek and Jay Deputy.

4 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 5THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

LIC.ABC-10825

808-245-7747

Mon. - Fri. 7:30-5 / Sat. 7:30-4WEB: www.kauainursery.comMAIL: knl@kauanursery.com

Toll Free: 888-345-7747 Fax: 808-245-9289

3-1550 Kaumualii HwyLihue, Kauai, HI 96766

CERTIFIED EXPORT NURSERYINTERISLAND SHIPPING

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE& DESIGN/BUILD

RESORT, COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIALINSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE

CCERTIFIED LANDSCAPE TECHNICIANSARBORISTS

IRRIGATION DESIGNINSTALLATION/REPAIR

KAUAI NURSEY &LANDSCAPING, INC.

60,000 SF Greenhouses 150 Acres of Plants & MaterialLARGEST NURSERY SELECTION ON KAUAI

Aloha,

LICH is off to a great start this year!

The new 2013 LICH Board of Directors is an energetic mix of industry titans and young pro-fessionals from a broad cross-section of the industry and the

state. It’s the best leadership team in many years. Look out for some great results this year.

Which comes first the nursery growing a new plant or a designer specifying a new plant? Well LICH is going to break the cycle and have an exciting evening event featuring new non-invasive plants at the LICH Runway Plant show with an actual fashion show runway and real models! Designers and nurseryman can both enjoy the evening. Don’t miss the big an-nouncement in the next issue.

The UH College of Tropical Agriculture and Hu-man Resources invited LICH to participate in the UH CTAHR Advisory Council. The council consists of green industry business leaders to provide guid-ance to the college. LICH presented a 5-point action plan of working with the landscape industry to Dean Gallo which was well received. More strategic meet-ings will take place in 2013.

A new LICH website is under construction and should be online in a couple of months. It will be super interactive and easy to navigate. The next issue will have more information.

Keep up to date on all the events with our active Twitter feed at @hawaiiscape or “Like” us on Face-book at http://facebook.com/hawaiiscape.

Enjoy the issue and keep on reading :)

Chris DacusPresident

phot

o: S

haun

Tok

unag

a

phot

o: C

arol

Kw

an

phot

o: M

icha

el O

'Har

aph

oto:

Dar

ren

Mill

er

President'sCOLUMN

March 2Puna ‘Ulu (Breadfruit) FestivalPuna, Big Island

March 6-72013 National Preservation Institute SeminarUH Historic Preservation, Oahu

March 7Recordkeeping Requirements For Certified ApplicatorsCrop Production Services, Oahu

March 9Trees From the Ground DownPearl City Urban Garden Center, Oahu

March 14Recordkeeping Requirements For Certified ApplicatorsHawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company Conference RoomPuunene, Maui

March 21-22Pesticide Risk Reduction EducationMolokai Education Center, Molokai

March 30The Secrets of Growing Hono Hono OrchidsFoster Botanical Garden, Oahu

April 5-6Kauai Orchid & Art FestivalHanapepe, Kauai

April 13Certified Arborist & Certified Tree Worker ExamsHonolulu, Oahu

April 15-16Pesticide Risk Reduction EducationMaui Community College, Maui

April 19Irrigation BasicsWahiawa Botanical Garden, Oahu

CaLendar of evenTS LandscapeHawaii.org (Check website for details)

Aloha Arborist Association (AAA) presented a Prun-ing Young Trees and Shrubs workshop for the Friends of Honolulu Botanical Gar-

dens on Saturday, November 17, 2012, at Ho‘omaluhia Botanical Garden. Certified Arborists Dudley Hulbert and Carol Kwan spoke on behalf of AAA and did demonstra-tions of proper pruning techniques.

Carol Kwan is the President of Carol Kwan Consulting, a Certified Arborist, and the Secre-tary of Aloha Arborist Association.

LICH WINS DOA $10,000 GRANT

LICH was awarded with $10,000 grant from the Department of Agriculture to produce a native plant poster for the DOA Buy Local, It Matters. Poster will be

inserted free in the September / October magazine.

pRUning woRkshop nov. 17

lobaTe lac scale RevisiTedlich diRecToR emeRiTi

lich annoUnces The RUnway planT show

W H A T S H A P P E N I N G

NEWSlich

By cArOl KwAn

By cArOl KwAn

Dudley Hulbert points out a poor branch attachment and explains how to prune to correct the problem and make a proper pruning cut.

IONA Contemporary Dance Theatre. www.iona360.com

The members unanimously approved of the selection of Boyd Ready, Steve Nimz, Garrett Webb, Lelan Nishek and Jay Deputy as Director Emeritus. A formal ceremony will be held

at the LICH Conference on October 10th.

April 20-22American Society of Irrigation ConsultantsAnnual ConferenceScottsdale, Arizona

April 30 – May 1Pesticide Risk Reduction EducationDivision of Forestry & Wildlife, Big Island

June 14LICH Runway Plant ShowKapiolani Community College Culinary School, Oahu

October 10LICH Conference Blaisdell Exhibition Hall, Oahu

MAY/JUNETheme: Edible Landscaping

Story Deadline: April 19th

SEP/OCT Theme: Native Plants / LICH Conference

Story Deadline: August 9th

JUL/AUGTheme: Sustainability & Conservation

Story Deadline: June 14th

UPCOMiNG ISSUES:Tell a great story! Email the editor at chris.dacus@gmail.com.

Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) has requested that the green waste generated from pruning or removing

a Lobate Lac Scale (LLS) infested plant be left at the site where it originated to reduce the risk of spreading this pest around Oahu. For example, chipped green waste from a tree can be left as mulch under the tree that was pruned. Smaller green waste, like hibiscus branches, can be bagged in dark plastic and left in the sun in an out-of-the-way corner of the property for a few days. The heat gener-ated in the bag will hopefully be sufficient to “cook” the LLS. Leaving any of the

green waste out in the sun for a month or so would probably work as well. Unfortunately, research on the life cycle of LLS and how long the different stages last doesn’t exist, so this is just a best guess. It is certainly better than doing nothing. LLS is sufficiently estab-lished on Oahu to be impossible to eradi-cate, but landscape professionals are the first line of defense in slowing it down.

Most importantly, because LLS has only been found on Oahu thus far, DO NOT MOVE INFESTED MATERIALS BE-TWEEN ISLANDS. As a reminder, all plants and propagative plant material require in-spection by the HDOA Quarantine Branch before moving between islands. If found infested with LLS, it will require treatment to exterminate the pest before it can be shipped.

Experience 50 new non-invasive plants like never before at the LICH Run-way Plant Show with the creations of IONA Con-

temporary Dance Theatre on June 14th at the Kapiolani Community College Culinary School sponsored by Alii Turf Company, D.R. Horton, and Hawaiian Turfgrass. An evening not to be missed featuring models walking the runway with promis-ing non-invasive plants, a rare plant silent auction, cocktails and pupus made from locally grown produce. Nurseries should submit plants for consideration by April 19th by email Chris.Dacus@gmail.com for more information. Check the website and the next issue for more details on ticket information.

(L to R): Boyd Ready, Steve Nimz, Garrett Webb, Lelan Nishek and Jay Deputy.

6 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 7THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

While we’re all aware of a num-ber of recognized economic indica-tors, probably the most conspicu-

ous for the Kona side of the Big Island is the number of private aircraft now parking at our airport.

What this means to us in the landscape industry is not just the arrival of a well-heeled clientele, but even more impor-tantly the basis upon which to confirm a vital message to our elected officials.

These visitors and part time residents will not accept a second class setting to invest either their time or money on, and they will go elsewhere in the future if we do not provide for their expectations.

It is critical that the landscape indus-try build on this message and convey its significance to those who are elected to determine the future of these islands.

If there is one certainty we need to remember about legislative activity it’s that elected officials almost always give their attention to issues they believe affect or concern the majority of their con-stituents. This often involves perspective rather than numbers, with the “loudest voice” usually getting the most response. What gets lost is that catering to the wants of affluence is often a pretty good idea in fueling a growing economy.

Our industry generally has not spoken with that ‘loud voice’ and our message historically has failed to gain support from a government that lately seems fo-

cused only on a cost and budget applica-tion to the issues.

No one disputes the need for respon-sible spending however very few of our legislators seem to grasp the concept of investing through strategic spending or long term vision.

We need to consider that the vision of Hawaii in the eyes of people who have never been here is of a tropical para-dise. Unfortunately an expectation met all too often with at least some level of disappointment. Not that the landscape industry hasn’t tried to respond to this situation, but more so in that we are not sufficiently recognized by either the elected leadership or by so many of those who live here and have come to accept an often substandard level of aesthetics no-toriously displayed in our public domain.

If anyone is now in an opportune posi-tion to change this dynamic it is us, the people who deal with clients that demand and can afford a level of aesthetics that complies with their vision of what Hawaii should be. We must therefore shoulder the responsibility and adopt the mission to restore and maintain an environment worthy of our island home. It is the land-scape industry who in so doing will focus legislative spending in a direction that both restores and preserves the appropri-ate and desired future for us all.

Our place should be to work toward developing a higher profile in the com-munity, insisting that our parks, road-sides, open spaces, beaches, harbors, airports and other public places become

recognized worldwide for beauty and ac-cessibility, and that the vision of Hawaii is based on what will then be real.

If we act now, there can be federal funding available for creative and imagi-native legislation designed to not only strengthen our economy, but promote sustainable and appropriate growth as well. Our course of action would be to meet with the legislature, as the LICH and as individuals to explain the value of aes-thetics to building and maintaining this healthy environment, and to join forces with other like-minded groups to form a coalition of private sector representatives in getting the word out to the community whose members ultimately determine who fills the seats at the legislature. Specifically we need to target projects that require undeniable attention and lobby for spending on these needs. This will then be seen as responsible spending by legislators and will become the basis for federal allocations that apply to the effort.

Perhaps an immediate opportunity in getting up to speed is to initiate debate on the introduced legislative propos-als (SB648 and SB649) to ban the use of glyphosate i.e. Roundup in landscape management. If we lose our tools, our ability to work efficiently diminishes and our voice will have lost much of its needed impact. (Follow these and future initiatives at www.capitol.hawaii.gov)

Kelly Greenwell is Owner of Hawaiian Gardens.

loUd & cleaR

shape hawaii’sFUTURe & yoURsin 5 minUTes

By Kelly Greenwell

By cHris dAcUs

The legislative session opened January 16th and LICH is tracking and testifying on 11 legislative bills that could benefit or harm our island environ-

ment and the landscape industry. The bills propose changes to the laws for nui-sance trees, leaf blowers, landscape archi-tect’s license, graywater usage, permeable paving and irrigation water conservation.

As an expert on these issues, legislators want to hear from you on these impor-tant issues. If not you, then who? It’s up to each of us to be engaged and take time during the legislative session too weigh in on these issues.

“Healthy citizens are the greatest asset any country can have.”

– Winston Churchill

LICH is testifying on the legislative bills below. By the time you receive this maga-zine these bills may have changed or died.

LICH supports the following bills:▪ GRAY WATER – Senate Bill 454

Encourages the department of health and the counties to promote widespread use of gray water in the interests of water conservation. Clarifies that guidelines for the use of gray water for irrigation pur-poses shall be liberally construed so as to allow widespread use of gray water. LICH Supports Senate Bill 454 with the amend-ment to exempt single-family residential use from permit requirements for washer water usage.

▪ WATER CONSERVATION BMPS – House Bill 1017 & Senate Bill 803

Establishes a one-year pilot program requiring DAGS, DOT, and DLNR to implement irrigation water conservation best management practices, as established by the Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii. LICH Supports House Bill 1017 and Senate Bill 803.

▪ PERMEABLE PAVING - House Bill 1394 and Senate Bill 1305

Establishes an income tax credit for taxpayers who maintain permeable sur-faces on their property. Permits a taxpayer to deduct from state income taxes the costs of certifying an organic agricultural operation or determining a qualifying property’s net water infiltration. LICH supports House Bill 1394 and Senate Bill 1305.

LICH opposes the following bills:▪ NUISANCE TREES - House Bill 69.

Codifies civil liability for nuisance trees. Endangers all property line trees state-wide with civil liability language includ-ing “…an overhanging branch that drops leaves, flowers, or fruit shall be deemed to constitute a danger or cause damage for purposes of this section.” LICH opposes House Bill 69.

▪ LEAF BLOWERS - House Bill 1041Restricts the use of leaf blowers to two

hours between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. on any day. Makes it illegal to operate a gasoline powered leaf blower within a residential

zone unless the operator is personnel of a licensed business.

LICH Opposes House Bill 1041.

▪ LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT LICENSE - House Bill 326 and Senate Bill 57

Requires professional architects, engineers, land surveyors, and landscape architects to present a tax clearance certificate to licensing agency prior to issuance or renewal of the license. LICH Opposes House Bill 326 and Senate Bill 57. LICH was instrumental in getting both of these bills to be deferred and probably will not be heard again this year.

▪ GLYPHOSATE – Senate Bill 648 & 649Prohibits the sale, distribution, transfer,

and use of pesticides containing glypho-sate (RoundUp herbicide active ingre-dient) for cosmetic application. LICH Opposes Senate Bills 648 & 649.

Ready to give it a try? Providing input has never been easier than now. You can testify at a hearing or just submit testi-mony online. Online testimony can be as a simple as just saying “Support” or “Op-pose.” First, check our FaceBook page at http://facebook.com/hawaiiscape for the latest news on which bills are being heard. Then visit http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov, search for the bill (i.e. HC69), click on button near top “Submit Testimony”, and complete a seven question form. In 5 min-utes, you will shape our island’s future by sharing your expertise on issues that are important to you.

Chris Dacus is a landscape architect and arborist for the Hawaii Department of Transportation and the president of LICH.

6 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 7THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

While we’re all aware of a num-ber of recognized economic indica-tors, probably the most conspicu-

ous for the Kona side of the Big Island is the number of private aircraft now parking at our airport.

What this means to us in the landscape industry is not just the arrival of a well-heeled clientele, but even more impor-tantly the basis upon which to confirm a vital message to our elected officials.

These visitors and part time residents will not accept a second class setting to invest either their time or money on, and they will go elsewhere in the future if we do not provide for their expectations.

It is critical that the landscape indus-try build on this message and convey its significance to those who are elected to determine the future of these islands.

If there is one certainty we need to remember about legislative activity it’s that elected officials almost always give their attention to issues they believe affect or concern the majority of their con-stituents. This often involves perspective rather than numbers, with the “loudest voice” usually getting the most response. What gets lost is that catering to the wants of affluence is often a pretty good idea in fueling a growing economy.

Our industry generally has not spoken with that ‘loud voice’ and our message historically has failed to gain support from a government that lately seems fo-

cused only on a cost and budget applica-tion to the issues.

No one disputes the need for respon-sible spending however very few of our legislators seem to grasp the concept of investing through strategic spending or long term vision.

We need to consider that the vision of Hawaii in the eyes of people who have never been here is of a tropical para-dise. Unfortunately an expectation met all too often with at least some level of disappointment. Not that the landscape industry hasn’t tried to respond to this situation, but more so in that we are not sufficiently recognized by either the elected leadership or by so many of those who live here and have come to accept an often substandard level of aesthetics no-toriously displayed in our public domain.

If anyone is now in an opportune posi-tion to change this dynamic it is us, the people who deal with clients that demand and can afford a level of aesthetics that complies with their vision of what Hawaii should be. We must therefore shoulder the responsibility and adopt the mission to restore and maintain an environment worthy of our island home. It is the land-scape industry who in so doing will focus legislative spending in a direction that both restores and preserves the appropri-ate and desired future for us all.

Our place should be to work toward developing a higher profile in the com-munity, insisting that our parks, road-sides, open spaces, beaches, harbors, airports and other public places become

recognized worldwide for beauty and ac-cessibility, and that the vision of Hawaii is based on what will then be real.

If we act now, there can be federal funding available for creative and imagi-native legislation designed to not only strengthen our economy, but promote sustainable and appropriate growth as well. Our course of action would be to meet with the legislature, as the LICH and as individuals to explain the value of aes-thetics to building and maintaining this healthy environment, and to join forces with other like-minded groups to form a coalition of private sector representatives in getting the word out to the community whose members ultimately determine who fills the seats at the legislature. Specifically we need to target projects that require undeniable attention and lobby for spending on these needs. This will then be seen as responsible spending by legislators and will become the basis for federal allocations that apply to the effort.

Perhaps an immediate opportunity in getting up to speed is to initiate debate on the introduced legislative propos-als (SB648 and SB649) to ban the use of glyphosate i.e. Roundup in landscape management. If we lose our tools, our ability to work efficiently diminishes and our voice will have lost much of its needed impact. (Follow these and future initiatives at www.capitol.hawaii.gov)

Kelly Greenwell is Owner of Hawaiian Gardens.

loUd & cleaR

shape hawaii’sFUTURe & yoURsin 5 minUTes

By Kelly Greenwell

By cHris dAcUs

The legislative session opened January 16th and LICH is tracking and testifying on 11 legislative bills that could benefit or harm our island environ-

ment and the landscape industry. The bills propose changes to the laws for nui-sance trees, leaf blowers, landscape archi-tect’s license, graywater usage, permeable paving and irrigation water conservation.

As an expert on these issues, legislators want to hear from you on these impor-tant issues. If not you, then who? It’s up to each of us to be engaged and take time during the legislative session too weigh in on these issues.

“Healthy citizens are the greatest asset any country can have.”

– Winston Churchill

LICH is testifying on the legislative bills below. By the time you receive this maga-zine these bills may have changed or died.

LICH supports the following bills:▪ GRAY WATER – Senate Bill 454

Encourages the department of health and the counties to promote widespread use of gray water in the interests of water conservation. Clarifies that guidelines for the use of gray water for irrigation pur-poses shall be liberally construed so as to allow widespread use of gray water. LICH Supports Senate Bill 454 with the amend-ment to exempt single-family residential use from permit requirements for washer water usage.

▪ WATER CONSERVATION BMPS – House Bill 1017 & Senate Bill 803

Establishes a one-year pilot program requiring DAGS, DOT, and DLNR to implement irrigation water conservation best management practices, as established by the Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii. LICH Supports House Bill 1017 and Senate Bill 803.

▪ PERMEABLE PAVING - House Bill 1394 and Senate Bill 1305

Establishes an income tax credit for taxpayers who maintain permeable sur-faces on their property. Permits a taxpayer to deduct from state income taxes the costs of certifying an organic agricultural operation or determining a qualifying property’s net water infiltration. LICH supports House Bill 1394 and Senate Bill 1305.

LICH opposes the following bills:▪ NUISANCE TREES - House Bill 69.

Codifies civil liability for nuisance trees. Endangers all property line trees state-wide with civil liability language includ-ing “…an overhanging branch that drops leaves, flowers, or fruit shall be deemed to constitute a danger or cause damage for purposes of this section.” LICH opposes House Bill 69.

▪ LEAF BLOWERS - House Bill 1041Restricts the use of leaf blowers to two

hours between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. on any day. Makes it illegal to operate a gasoline powered leaf blower within a residential

zone unless the operator is personnel of a licensed business.

LICH Opposes House Bill 1041.

▪ LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT LICENSE - House Bill 326 and Senate Bill 57

Requires professional architects, engineers, land surveyors, and landscape architects to present a tax clearance certificate to licensing agency prior to issuance or renewal of the license. LICH Opposes House Bill 326 and Senate Bill 57. LICH was instrumental in getting both of these bills to be deferred and probably will not be heard again this year.

▪ GLYPHOSATE – Senate Bill 648 & 649Prohibits the sale, distribution, transfer,

and use of pesticides containing glypho-sate (RoundUp herbicide active ingre-dient) for cosmetic application. LICH Opposes Senate Bills 648 & 649.

Ready to give it a try? Providing input has never been easier than now. You can testify at a hearing or just submit testi-mony online. Online testimony can be as a simple as just saying “Support” or “Op-pose.” First, check our FaceBook page at http://facebook.com/hawaiiscape for the latest news on which bills are being heard. Then visit http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov, search for the bill (i.e. HC69), click on button near top “Submit Testimony”, and complete a seven question form. In 5 min-utes, you will shape our island’s future by sharing your expertise on issues that are important to you.

Chris Dacus is a landscape architect and arborist for the Hawaii Department of Transportation and the president of LICH.

8 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 9THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

LINDA BURNHAM LARISH

COLUMNpest

The Monkeypod (Sa-manea saman), is a popular landscape tree in Hawaii. It grows in many other tropical areas

of the world, although it‘s native range is the northern region of South America and Central America south of El Salvador. The Monkeypod is recognized for its umbrella-like canopy and leaflet closure which allows sunlight and rain to filter down to its roots so that the grass grows right up to its massive trunk. Be-cause of the tree’s dominant place in the landscape, it becomes readily apparent if this giant is under siege and looses its foli-age. Unfortunately, since the 1970’s, this is what occurs nearly every year somewhere in Hawaii’s landscape when the Monkey-pod defoliators strike.

The triad of defoliators which attack the Monkeypod tree are the Monkeypod Kiawe Caterpillar (Melipotis indomita (Walker)), the Black Witch Caterpillar (Ascalapha odorata (L.)) and the caterpil-lar of the Kiawe Caterpillar (Polydesma umbricola Boisduval). Of the three, the most severe pest of Monkeypod is the Monkeypod-Kiawe Caterpillar which usually makes up more than 98% of the larvae collected on Monkeypod. Trees can remain defoliated for as long as two years but sometimes die due to prolonged leaf-loss.

The life cycle of these three defolia-tors is very similar in habit and duration. Female moths lay their eggs in crevices in the tree’s bark and upon hatching, the larvae crawl up to the tree’s foliage to feed at night. In the early morning hours, the larvae migrate back down the trunk of the tree and hide under the bark or in the

soil at the base of the tree during the day. Development from egg to adult can take from one to two months for the three defoliators.

In order to disrupt this cycle, in a 1987 study, Tamashiro and Mitchell of the University of Hawaii sprayed the trunk of Monkeypod trees with five different insecticides and then tied carpet around the trunk to collect the larvae. Of the insecticides which proved effective, only two are available for use today; carbaryl and diazinon. Today, when an outbreak of Monkeypod defoliators occurs, the remedy is to apply carbaryl (Sevin®) as a dust to a swath of carpet and tie it around the trunk of the Monkeypod tree so that the dusty side of the carpet is facing the tree’s bark. The top of the carpet is tied loosely so that the caterpillars can crawl in to hide early in the morning while the bottom of the carpet is tied tightly to

secure it to the trunk. Sevin is refreshed bi-weekly and usually if the remedy is applied for six weeks, it is sufficient to control the caterpillar attack.

Linda Burnham Larish is a Survey Ento-mologist with the Pacific Cooperative Stud-ies Unit, the Hawaii Department of Forestry and Wildlife and the Hawaii Department of Agriculture.

References:Staples, G.W., and C.R. Elevitch. Sama-

nea saman (rain tree). Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. April, 2006. www.traditionaltree.org.

Tamashiro, M. and W.C. Mitchell. Control of three species of caterpillars that attack Monkeypod trees. College of Tropical Agriculture, Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, Misc. Publications 123. 1987.

sTRikeagainFemale Monkeypod-kiawe moth

(Melipotis indomita)

Photo courtesy of the Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Branch

Damage to Monkeypod caused by caterpillar defoliators

photo: Maury Heiman

laRval deFoliaToRsdoing oUR paRT ToplanT ponooF monkeypod

By cHristy mArtin

It used to be that the Hawaiian ecosystems with the highest diversity of plant species were moist and wet forests. Today, the highest plant diversity can be found in our yards and botanical

gardens, and the number of plant species introduced to Hawaii grows each year. Although the vast majority of Earth’s 250,000+ plant species would not be invasive if imported and grown in our islands, a small percentage would be superweeds that alter the ecosystem or natural resources. Plants are not checked for their potential to become invasive when they are imported, and our nox-ious seed and weed rules regulate less than 100 species of plants, most of which are already present in Hawai‘i.

Now, there is a new website that can help everyone make informed plant choices. Plant Pono (www.plantpono.org) provides planting information on non-invasive ornamental plants (pono plants), to help you select the right plant for your yard. These pono plants were selected by noted horticulturist Heidi Bornhorst, and were screened by the Hawaii-Pacific Weed Risk Assessment (HPWRA) system, a highly-accurate pre-dictor of invasiveness.

The website also allows users to search the more than 1400 plants that have been screened by the HPWRA to date. The HPWRA is like a free background check for plants, which uses professional plant screeners to research published in-formation to answer 49 questions about the plant, resulting in a prediction that is more than 90% accurate at flagging invasive plants.

If you want to know whether a plant is invasive or not, just type in the common or Latin name, or part of the name to automatically search the database. If the plant has not yet been screened, you can request this free service by filling out our online form.

The Plant Pono Forum is also a feature of the new site. The forum is a moder-ated page for questions and answers on invasive plants, and we hope it will be-come a valuable resource to see archived discussions.

Fountain grass, Miconia, Australian tree fern, Pampas grass: each of these plants were imported and sold as orna-mentals, and each have spread far beyond their intended ornamental setting. Some threaten the watershed, others are fire promoters, and all of them are replacing native ecosystems. When these plants

were imported and promoted, we didn’t have online resources or the HPWRA to alert us to the threat. Today, with www.plantpono.org, we have the tools to significantly reduce the importation and use of invasive plants, and that’s pono.

Christy Martin is the Public Informa-tion Officer for the Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species, a voluntary public-pri-vate partnership working to protect Hawaii from invasive species and a member of the LICH Board of Directors.

8 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 9THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

LINDA BURNHAM LARISH

COLUMNpest

The Monkeypod (Sa-manea saman), is a popular landscape tree in Hawaii. It grows in many other tropical areas

of the world, although it‘s native range is the northern region of South America and Central America south of El Salvador. The Monkeypod is recognized for its umbrella-like canopy and leaflet closure which allows sunlight and rain to filter down to its roots so that the grass grows right up to its massive trunk. Be-cause of the tree’s dominant place in the landscape, it becomes readily apparent if this giant is under siege and looses its foli-age. Unfortunately, since the 1970’s, this is what occurs nearly every year somewhere in Hawaii’s landscape when the Monkey-pod defoliators strike.

The triad of defoliators which attack the Monkeypod tree are the Monkeypod Kiawe Caterpillar (Melipotis indomita (Walker)), the Black Witch Caterpillar (Ascalapha odorata (L.)) and the caterpil-lar of the Kiawe Caterpillar (Polydesma umbricola Boisduval). Of the three, the most severe pest of Monkeypod is the Monkeypod-Kiawe Caterpillar which usually makes up more than 98% of the larvae collected on Monkeypod. Trees can remain defoliated for as long as two years but sometimes die due to prolonged leaf-loss.

The life cycle of these three defolia-tors is very similar in habit and duration. Female moths lay their eggs in crevices in the tree’s bark and upon hatching, the larvae crawl up to the tree’s foliage to feed at night. In the early morning hours, the larvae migrate back down the trunk of the tree and hide under the bark or in the

soil at the base of the tree during the day. Development from egg to adult can take from one to two months for the three defoliators.

In order to disrupt this cycle, in a 1987 study, Tamashiro and Mitchell of the University of Hawaii sprayed the trunk of Monkeypod trees with five different insecticides and then tied carpet around the trunk to collect the larvae. Of the insecticides which proved effective, only two are available for use today; carbaryl and diazinon. Today, when an outbreak of Monkeypod defoliators occurs, the remedy is to apply carbaryl (Sevin®) as a dust to a swath of carpet and tie it around the trunk of the Monkeypod tree so that the dusty side of the carpet is facing the tree’s bark. The top of the carpet is tied loosely so that the caterpillars can crawl in to hide early in the morning while the bottom of the carpet is tied tightly to

secure it to the trunk. Sevin is refreshed bi-weekly and usually if the remedy is applied for six weeks, it is sufficient to control the caterpillar attack.

Linda Burnham Larish is a Survey Ento-mologist with the Pacific Cooperative Stud-ies Unit, the Hawaii Department of Forestry and Wildlife and the Hawaii Department of Agriculture.

References:Staples, G.W., and C.R. Elevitch. Sama-

nea saman (rain tree). Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. April, 2006. www.traditionaltree.org.

Tamashiro, M. and W.C. Mitchell. Control of three species of caterpillars that attack Monkeypod trees. College of Tropical Agriculture, Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, Misc. Publications 123. 1987.

sTRikeagainFemale Monkeypod-kiawe moth

(Melipotis indomita)

Photo courtesy of the Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Branch

Damage to Monkeypod caused by caterpillar defoliators

photo: Maury Heiman

laRval deFoliaToRsdoing oUR paRT ToplanT ponooF monkeypod

By cHristy mArtin

It used to be that the Hawaiian ecosystems with the highest diversity of plant species were moist and wet forests. Today, the highest plant diversity can be found in our yards and botanical

gardens, and the number of plant species introduced to Hawaii grows each year. Although the vast majority of Earth’s 250,000+ plant species would not be invasive if imported and grown in our islands, a small percentage would be superweeds that alter the ecosystem or natural resources. Plants are not checked for their potential to become invasive when they are imported, and our nox-ious seed and weed rules regulate less than 100 species of plants, most of which are already present in Hawai‘i.

Now, there is a new website that can help everyone make informed plant choices. Plant Pono (www.plantpono.org) provides planting information on non-invasive ornamental plants (pono plants), to help you select the right plant for your yard. These pono plants were selected by noted horticulturist Heidi Bornhorst, and were screened by the Hawaii-Pacific Weed Risk Assessment (HPWRA) system, a highly-accurate pre-dictor of invasiveness.

The website also allows users to search the more than 1400 plants that have been screened by the HPWRA to date. The HPWRA is like a free background check for plants, which uses professional plant screeners to research published in-formation to answer 49 questions about the plant, resulting in a prediction that is more than 90% accurate at flagging invasive plants.

If you want to know whether a plant is invasive or not, just type in the common or Latin name, or part of the name to automatically search the database. If the plant has not yet been screened, you can request this free service by filling out our online form.

The Plant Pono Forum is also a feature of the new site. The forum is a moder-ated page for questions and answers on invasive plants, and we hope it will be-come a valuable resource to see archived discussions.

Fountain grass, Miconia, Australian tree fern, Pampas grass: each of these plants were imported and sold as orna-mentals, and each have spread far beyond their intended ornamental setting. Some threaten the watershed, others are fire promoters, and all of them are replacing native ecosystems. When these plants

were imported and promoted, we didn’t have online resources or the HPWRA to alert us to the threat. Today, with www.plantpono.org, we have the tools to significantly reduce the importation and use of invasive plants, and that’s pono.

Christy Martin is the Public Informa-tion Officer for the Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species, a voluntary public-pri-vate partnership working to protect Hawaii from invasive species and a member of the LICH Board of Directors.

10 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 11THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

pRopagaTion oF

Using vegeTaTivecUTTings

ohia, J A N I C E U C H I D A & C H R I S K A D O O K A

COLUMNnative

At the University of Hawaii in Manoa, we operate a fungal disease laboratory and confirm the pathoge-nicity of new fungi on lo-cal plants. Healthy disease

free plants are needed for these tests and plants are propagated by employing clean seeds or cuttings. These healthy plants are required to test the infectivity of new fungi, to document early symptoms and to record disease progress.

For Ohia or Metrosideros polymorpha, we commonly use seeds for propagation. However, it takes many years to produce a plant ready for pathogenicity testing, as well as for retail or for out planting for commercial operations. Alternatively, by using vegetative cuttings, propagation is faster and clones can be made from valu-able plants. The following describes basic procedures used to propagate ohia from cuttings.

Gathering cuttings: When going into the field to obtain cuttings of Ohia plants, it is important to keep the cut-tings hydrated and vigorous. Thus bring a bucket of water to place the cut ends of the cuttings in it. If specific trees are se-lected, bring newspaper to the field, place cuttings on the newspaper with the stem ends together, wrap cuttings in a bundle, tie or tape, label, and place cut ends in the water.

Cuttings are taken from the tips of plants and are cut into pieces about 5 to 10 inches (7 to 12 cm) in length. Avoid tips with flowers or young growth. Tips with expanded mature leaves are the best. If tips with flowers, buds, or young leaves are gathered, then remove them, at

medium should fill about ¾ of the pot. Insert the cuttings into these pots. Place numerous cuttings in each pot (about 10-15). The greater the number of cuttings, the higher the humidity will be. This will discourage water loss and help the cuttings to retain water and initiate new roots (Fig. 3).

Location: Place cuttings in a cool location, with light, and preferably on a completely clean bench at least 24 to 30 inches above the ground. We grow the Ohia cutting and plants in a glass greenhouse with a solid roof and screen walls located in Manoa valley. Fans keep the temperature under 30 C during the hottest periods but overall, 25 C would be better. Cuttings should be placed in a shade house or under solid cover. Gently water the cuttings at least once a day. Avoid areas that are windy as this will increase water loss from the cuttings. Some growers will also place the pots of cuttings into a tray then place the tray into a large clear plastic bag that is cut about 4 to 6” above the plant. The walls of the bag, keep humidity high although, the top is open. The bag is clear and does not interfere with light transmis-sion. Drainage should be excellent and holes should be made on the bottom of the plastic bag to allow for good drain-age.

the time when cuttings are prepared for planting (Figs. 1 and 2)

Preparing cuttings for planting: Take each cutting, gathered from the field and cut into smaller pieces, each with about 8 to 12 leaves. Seven to 10 leaves per cut-ting will be common. The lowest leaves on the cuttings are removed, as well as any buds, flowers or young shoots. The remaining leaves are cut in half to reduce

Sanitation: The bench should be clean with no algal or moss growth. If there is such growth then scrub off the material and be sure to also scrub the under sur-face of the bench. Drench the bench with 10% bleach (one cup bleach and 9 cups of water). Following the bleach treat-ment, allow the bench to dry then rinse if needed. Clean the legs of the bench also. Clean the ground to remove algae, moss, fern and any weeds. Cover with new gravel, cinders, or weed mat.

Avoid pests: Be sure that there are no insects (ants, millipedes, fungal gnats) or snails or slugs. These pests will move pathogens into the pots and the cuttings will be contaminated. Even weak patho-gens will cause problems for these tender cuttings. Thus, use new potting mix, clean pots, and clean benches. Environ-ments that are slug and snail free are highly recommended. Growers can also use mist benches. However, be sure that there is no moss or algal growth on the bench or in the surrounding area. Ad-equate light is also needed. Clean the area that will be used for the Ohia cuttings. Again keep slugs and insects out.

Transplanting: Cuttings are frequently rooted in 3 to 4 months. Remove the entire pot of cuttings, by laying the pot in its side, holding the cuttings and move the entire mass outwards. Pull all

transpiration from the cutting. The cut stem ends are dipped into Hormex Root-ing Powder that contains indole-3-butyric acid at 0.3%. Cuttings are then inserted in Sunshine Mix Blend #4. For the potting mix, placed it in a clean, large container, add water, and mixed until the medium is wet. Place the mix into pots (e. g. 4” in diameter), filling the pots then press-ing the medium into a firm layer. The

cuttings out, side-wards. Do not pull upwards or roots will be lost. Proceed slowly and avoid breaking or injuring any of the roots. Healthy roots are white. If any are brown, discard all the cuttings in that pot. Use Sunshine Blend 4 for trans-planting the cuttings and pre-moisten the medium as before. Add about ¼ pot of moist medium to bottom of each pot and hold the cutting in the center while filling the edges of the pot. Fill each pot to ¾ filled with one cutting per pot. Add a small amount of fertilizer to a corner surface of the pot. The fertilizer used is Osmocote Slow Release fertilizer at triple 14. Water and return to an environment with at least 65% shade. As cuttings are established in 2-3 weeks, move them to an environment with more light. Once the root system expands, growth will be rapid. After a month or two, plants can be grown in higher levels of light. After a few months if they are getting too large for the 4” pot (Fig. 4), transplant to 6” pots, and eventually into 10” pots.

Janice Y. Uchida, PhD and Chris Y. Kadooka, Research Associate, both are with the Department of Plant and Environmen-tal Protection Sciences at the University of Hawaii College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources.

Figs. 1

Figs. 2

Figs. 3 Figs. 4

10 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 11THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

pRopagaTion oF

Using vegeTaTivecUTTings

ohia, J A N I C E U C H I D A & C H R I S K A D O O K A

COLUMNnative

At the University of Hawaii in Manoa, we operate a fungal disease laboratory and confirm the pathoge-nicity of new fungi on lo-cal plants. Healthy disease

free plants are needed for these tests and plants are propagated by employing clean seeds or cuttings. These healthy plants are required to test the infectivity of new fungi, to document early symptoms and to record disease progress.

For Ohia or Metrosideros polymorpha, we commonly use seeds for propagation. However, it takes many years to produce a plant ready for pathogenicity testing, as well as for retail or for out planting for commercial operations. Alternatively, by using vegetative cuttings, propagation is faster and clones can be made from valu-able plants. The following describes basic procedures used to propagate ohia from cuttings.

Gathering cuttings: When going into the field to obtain cuttings of Ohia plants, it is important to keep the cut-tings hydrated and vigorous. Thus bring a bucket of water to place the cut ends of the cuttings in it. If specific trees are se-lected, bring newspaper to the field, place cuttings on the newspaper with the stem ends together, wrap cuttings in a bundle, tie or tape, label, and place cut ends in the water.

Cuttings are taken from the tips of plants and are cut into pieces about 5 to 10 inches (7 to 12 cm) in length. Avoid tips with flowers or young growth. Tips with expanded mature leaves are the best. If tips with flowers, buds, or young leaves are gathered, then remove them, at

medium should fill about ¾ of the pot. Insert the cuttings into these pots. Place numerous cuttings in each pot (about 10-15). The greater the number of cuttings, the higher the humidity will be. This will discourage water loss and help the cuttings to retain water and initiate new roots (Fig. 3).

Location: Place cuttings in a cool location, with light, and preferably on a completely clean bench at least 24 to 30 inches above the ground. We grow the Ohia cutting and plants in a glass greenhouse with a solid roof and screen walls located in Manoa valley. Fans keep the temperature under 30 C during the hottest periods but overall, 25 C would be better. Cuttings should be placed in a shade house or under solid cover. Gently water the cuttings at least once a day. Avoid areas that are windy as this will increase water loss from the cuttings. Some growers will also place the pots of cuttings into a tray then place the tray into a large clear plastic bag that is cut about 4 to 6” above the plant. The walls of the bag, keep humidity high although, the top is open. The bag is clear and does not interfere with light transmis-sion. Drainage should be excellent and holes should be made on the bottom of the plastic bag to allow for good drain-age.

the time when cuttings are prepared for planting (Figs. 1 and 2)

Preparing cuttings for planting: Take each cutting, gathered from the field and cut into smaller pieces, each with about 8 to 12 leaves. Seven to 10 leaves per cut-ting will be common. The lowest leaves on the cuttings are removed, as well as any buds, flowers or young shoots. The remaining leaves are cut in half to reduce

Sanitation: The bench should be clean with no algal or moss growth. If there is such growth then scrub off the material and be sure to also scrub the under sur-face of the bench. Drench the bench with 10% bleach (one cup bleach and 9 cups of water). Following the bleach treat-ment, allow the bench to dry then rinse if needed. Clean the legs of the bench also. Clean the ground to remove algae, moss, fern and any weeds. Cover with new gravel, cinders, or weed mat.

Avoid pests: Be sure that there are no insects (ants, millipedes, fungal gnats) or snails or slugs. These pests will move pathogens into the pots and the cuttings will be contaminated. Even weak patho-gens will cause problems for these tender cuttings. Thus, use new potting mix, clean pots, and clean benches. Environ-ments that are slug and snail free are highly recommended. Growers can also use mist benches. However, be sure that there is no moss or algal growth on the bench or in the surrounding area. Ad-equate light is also needed. Clean the area that will be used for the Ohia cuttings. Again keep slugs and insects out.

Transplanting: Cuttings are frequently rooted in 3 to 4 months. Remove the entire pot of cuttings, by laying the pot in its side, holding the cuttings and move the entire mass outwards. Pull all

transpiration from the cutting. The cut stem ends are dipped into Hormex Root-ing Powder that contains indole-3-butyric acid at 0.3%. Cuttings are then inserted in Sunshine Mix Blend #4. For the potting mix, placed it in a clean, large container, add water, and mixed until the medium is wet. Place the mix into pots (e. g. 4” in diameter), filling the pots then press-ing the medium into a firm layer. The

cuttings out, side-wards. Do not pull upwards or roots will be lost. Proceed slowly and avoid breaking or injuring any of the roots. Healthy roots are white. If any are brown, discard all the cuttings in that pot. Use Sunshine Blend 4 for trans-planting the cuttings and pre-moisten the medium as before. Add about ¼ pot of moist medium to bottom of each pot and hold the cutting in the center while filling the edges of the pot. Fill each pot to ¾ filled with one cutting per pot. Add a small amount of fertilizer to a corner surface of the pot. The fertilizer used is Osmocote Slow Release fertilizer at triple 14. Water and return to an environment with at least 65% shade. As cuttings are established in 2-3 weeks, move them to an environment with more light. Once the root system expands, growth will be rapid. After a month or two, plants can be grown in higher levels of light. After a few months if they are getting too large for the 4” pot (Fig. 4), transplant to 6” pots, and eventually into 10” pots.

Janice Y. Uchida, PhD and Chris Y. Kadooka, Research Associate, both are with the Department of Plant and Environmen-tal Protection Sciences at the University of Hawaii College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources.

Figs. 1

Figs. 2

Figs. 3 Figs. 4

12 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 13

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C A L L O N E O F O U R LOA N O F F I C E R S AT :

Oahu Office 2850 Pa‘a Street, Suite 100 Honolulu, HI 96819 Phone: 808-836-8009 Fax: 808-836-8610 www.hawaiifarmcredit.com

Hilo Office 988 Kinoole Street Hilo, HI 96720 Phone: 808-961-3708 Fax: 808-961-5494

From the Neighbor Islands Call Toll Free 1-800-894-4996

FCS of Hawaii, ACA is part of the Farm Credit System, a nationwide system of leading agricultural financial institutions which started in 1917. FCS of Hawaii, ACA has been doing business in Hawaii since 1966 through its subsidiary the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA. The FCS of Hawaii, ACA is not a Federal Agency of the Federal Government.

LOAN?LOAN?AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALNEED ANNEED AN

Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCAHawaii Production Credit Association

FARM CREDIT SERVICES OF HAWAII, ACA

J O S I E H O H

STORIEStree

Recently, 22 stately trees at Waimea Valley were approved by the Arborist Advisory Committee to be listed as Exceptional Trees. This program was founded

by the State of Hawaii in 1975 to mandate each county to establish a County Arbor-ist Advisory Committee which enacts regulations to protect trees of exceptional stature. Exceptional trees must meet one or more of the following criteria: historic or cultural value, age, rarity, location, size, esthetic quality and endemic status.

At Waimea Valley, the new Exceptional Trees include two Monkeypod (Samanea saman); two Ohe-makai (Reynoldsia sandwicensis); and 18 Wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis) trees. These century-old monkey pod trees with 9 feet diameter trunks awe our guests at the visitor center. These endemic Ohe-makai and Wiliwili trees were used culturally by the Hawaiians. Ohe-makai was used to play a game called kukulu‘ae‘o (stilts). The soft light wood of the wiliwili is still used for outriggers and occasionally surfboards and was used as fishnet floats. These ex-ceptional trees existed in the Valley before the Waimea Arboretum and Botanical Garden was created in 1972.

These trees live in an area steep with cultural features and spiritual signifi-cance, Waimea Valley has 78 recorded archaeological surface sites. Two large he-iau, Puu O Mahuka and Kupopolo, guard the entrance to the Valley with fishing shrines dotting the coastal edges. House lots and agricultural terraces are found along the valley floor. Waimea Valley and the adjacent ridge of Pupukea remained important centers of religion and spiri-tuality until 1819 and were presided over through the centuries by kāhuna nui who were direct descendants of Pa‘ao.

Josie Hoh is a trained horticulturist and is the botanical group manager for Hi‘ipaka LLC dba Waimea Valley.

Photo courtesy of Waimea Valley

Century-old Monkeypod trees at the visitor center.

How long do you run your control-ler for?

It’s amazing how often I walk up to an irrigation controller and look at how long each station is scheduled to operate. Re-gretfully, it’s more of the norm to see spray heads set to water 15, 20, even 30 minutes every day, applying up to an inch of water, when they only need to run 6 or 7 minutes per day.

So how long should you run your systems: Today, most spray-type sprin-klers apply 1.5” to 2” of water per hour? The average evaporative losses on Oahu are about 0.18” so on an average day, in theory you need to irrigate less than 7 minutes per day to replenish the full ET. However, not all plants need full ET and not all areas will be the same.

A protected shady area of your property may only have losses of 0.12” or less while a dry, windy area that exposed to full sun will be higher. Each plant type has a different crop co-efficient. For example, a cool-season turf grass may have a crop co-efficient of 0.9 to 1.0 which means it needs 90% to 100% of ET to survive. Warm season turf grasses however are happy with 65% to 75% of ET. Like most hard wood shrubs only need 40% to 60% of ET, but tropical ornamental plans can be as much as the cool season turf.

We also see most controllers set to irrigate every day or every-other day, but is this best for the plantings? Perhaps, if it’s a sandy well-drained soil, but most of Hawaii soils are clay or loam soils which would be better to irrigate every three or four days. The trick is to water deep enough to encourage the roots to grow

deeper. This not only allows for healthier plants, but will also allow the soil to act as a reservoir to supply the root zone during drier periods.

Computing this out can be difficult, but there is new technology, which will allow it to be automated in the future.

In the 1920’s the first irrigation con-trollers were introduced into the mar-ketplace. These were expensive and did little more than turn on or off the valve at a given time. While crude, they were an improvement over the manual night watering man, it replaced.

Today’s new “Smart Controllers” do so much more and can actually pay for themselves in water savings within the first year.

Typically these new controllers use ei-ther on-site data, from NOAA stations or from soil moisture sensors, to collect the data for the site, and then automatically compute the run time for each station, based upon the actual site conditions.

Initially when you set up the controller, it does take slightly longer, as you must supply the controller with some basic data. The basic set-up includes program-ming in the sprinkler type for each valve (sprays, rotors, drip), the plant material you’re irrigating (turf, shrubs, trees, etc.)

the soil type (clay, loam, sandy) the solar exposure (full sun, part sun, shade) and the slope condition and the computer automatically will program each station on a daily basis, depending upon the actual climatological data for the site.

For those desiring to even save more water, you can do advanced programming to customize the actual precipitation rate, the desired root depth of the plants,

location on slope (top of slope needs more water than bottom of slope) and the amount of effective rainfall you want the controller to utilize.

Historically, these Smart Controllers save anywhere from 30% to 50% of the amount of irrigation used on a site over conventional control systems.

As with any controller, the cost of the controller varies depending upon the brand and features, but we’ve seen eight-station models with a list price of less than $200 on up to very sophisti-cated versions which sell for twice that or more. As with anything you would get more features with the more expensive ones, but even the less expensive models will save you money.

Today, you can hire a professional to program your irrigation system and then retain him on a monthly basis to fine tune it as the climatological conditions change….or you can use a Smart Control-ler, which easily walks you through the programming and will save both you and your client money.

Mr. Schildknecht is the President of Ir-rigation Hawaii, Ltd and is a Professional Member of the American Society of Irriga-tion Consultants (ASIC), an Irrigation As-sociation certified irrigation designer (CID), Hawaii’s first EPA Water Sense Partner.

12 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 13

excepTional TRees

north shore of oa‘huaT waimea valley iRRigaTion

pRogRammingFoR 2013By AllAn scHildKnecHt

Purchase open land, build a dwelling, operating loans, line of credit, equipment purchase, truck or automobile purchase, refinance a mortgage or agree-ment of sale, etc.

Both the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA and Hawaii Production Credit association can custom design a

loan to meet your needs.

We offer: Long term loans, short term loans, competitive interest rate programs, flexible repayment schedules, excellent loan servicing options, etc. We also have programs for Young, Beginning, Small and Minority Farmers.

C A L L O N E O F O U R LOA N O F F I C E R S AT :

Oahu Office 2850 Pa‘a Street, Suite 100 Honolulu, HI 96819 Phone: 808-836-8009 Fax: 808-836-8610 www.hawaiifarmcredit.com

Hilo Office 988 Kinoole Street Hilo, HI 96720 Phone: 808-961-3708 Fax: 808-961-5494

From the Neighbor Islands Call Toll Free 1-800-894-4996

FCS of Hawaii, ACA is part of the Farm Credit System, a nationwide system of leading agricultural financial institutions which started in 1917. FCS of Hawaii, ACA has been doing business in Hawaii since 1966 through its subsidiary the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA. The FCS of Hawaii, ACA is not a Federal Agency of the Federal Government.

LOAN?LOAN?AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALNEED ANNEED AN

Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCAHawaii Production Credit Association

FARM CREDIT SERVICES OF HAWAII, ACA

J O S I E H O H

STORIEStree

Recently, 22 stately trees at Waimea Valley were approved by the Arborist Advisory Committee to be listed as Exceptional Trees. This program was founded

by the State of Hawaii in 1975 to mandate each county to establish a County Arbor-ist Advisory Committee which enacts regulations to protect trees of exceptional stature. Exceptional trees must meet one or more of the following criteria: historic or cultural value, age, rarity, location, size, esthetic quality and endemic status.

At Waimea Valley, the new Exceptional Trees include two Monkeypod (Samanea saman); two Ohe-makai (Reynoldsia sandwicensis); and 18 Wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis) trees. These century-old monkey pod trees with 9 feet diameter trunks awe our guests at the visitor center. These endemic Ohe-makai and Wiliwili trees were used culturally by the Hawaiians. Ohe-makai was used to play a game called kukulu‘ae‘o (stilts). The soft light wood of the wiliwili is still used for outriggers and occasionally surfboards and was used as fishnet floats. These ex-ceptional trees existed in the Valley before the Waimea Arboretum and Botanical Garden was created in 1972.

These trees live in an area steep with cultural features and spiritual signifi-cance, Waimea Valley has 78 recorded archaeological surface sites. Two large he-iau, Puu O Mahuka and Kupopolo, guard the entrance to the Valley with fishing shrines dotting the coastal edges. House lots and agricultural terraces are found along the valley floor. Waimea Valley and the adjacent ridge of Pupukea remained important centers of religion and spiri-tuality until 1819 and were presided over through the centuries by kāhuna nui who were direct descendants of Pa‘ao.

Josie Hoh is a trained horticulturist and is the botanical group manager for Hi‘ipaka LLC dba Waimea Valley.

Photo courtesy of Waimea Valley

Century-old Monkeypod trees at the visitor center.

How long do you run your control-ler for?

It’s amazing how often I walk up to an irrigation controller and look at how long each station is scheduled to operate. Re-gretfully, it’s more of the norm to see spray heads set to water 15, 20, even 30 minutes every day, applying up to an inch of water, when they only need to run 6 or 7 minutes per day.

So how long should you run your systems: Today, most spray-type sprin-klers apply 1.5” to 2” of water per hour? The average evaporative losses on Oahu are about 0.18” so on an average day, in theory you need to irrigate less than 7 minutes per day to replenish the full ET. However, not all plants need full ET and not all areas will be the same.

A protected shady area of your property may only have losses of 0.12” or less while a dry, windy area that exposed to full sun will be higher. Each plant type has a different crop co-efficient. For example, a cool-season turf grass may have a crop co-efficient of 0.9 to 1.0 which means it needs 90% to 100% of ET to survive. Warm season turf grasses however are happy with 65% to 75% of ET. Like most hard wood shrubs only need 40% to 60% of ET, but tropical ornamental plans can be as much as the cool season turf.

We also see most controllers set to irrigate every day or every-other day, but is this best for the plantings? Perhaps, if it’s a sandy well-drained soil, but most of Hawaii soils are clay or loam soils which would be better to irrigate every three or four days. The trick is to water deep enough to encourage the roots to grow

deeper. This not only allows for healthier plants, but will also allow the soil to act as a reservoir to supply the root zone during drier periods.

Computing this out can be difficult, but there is new technology, which will allow it to be automated in the future.

In the 1920’s the first irrigation con-trollers were introduced into the mar-ketplace. These were expensive and did little more than turn on or off the valve at a given time. While crude, they were an improvement over the manual night watering man, it replaced.

Today’s new “Smart Controllers” do so much more and can actually pay for themselves in water savings within the first year.

Typically these new controllers use ei-ther on-site data, from NOAA stations or from soil moisture sensors, to collect the data for the site, and then automatically compute the run time for each station, based upon the actual site conditions.

Initially when you set up the controller, it does take slightly longer, as you must supply the controller with some basic data. The basic set-up includes program-ming in the sprinkler type for each valve (sprays, rotors, drip), the plant material you’re irrigating (turf, shrubs, trees, etc.)

the soil type (clay, loam, sandy) the solar exposure (full sun, part sun, shade) and the slope condition and the computer automatically will program each station on a daily basis, depending upon the actual climatological data for the site.

For those desiring to even save more water, you can do advanced programming to customize the actual precipitation rate, the desired root depth of the plants,

location on slope (top of slope needs more water than bottom of slope) and the amount of effective rainfall you want the controller to utilize.

Historically, these Smart Controllers save anywhere from 30% to 50% of the amount of irrigation used on a site over conventional control systems.

As with any controller, the cost of the controller varies depending upon the brand and features, but we’ve seen eight-station models with a list price of less than $200 on up to very sophisti-cated versions which sell for twice that or more. As with anything you would get more features with the more expensive ones, but even the less expensive models will save you money.

Today, you can hire a professional to program your irrigation system and then retain him on a monthly basis to fine tune it as the climatological conditions change….or you can use a Smart Control-ler, which easily walks you through the programming and will save both you and your client money.

Mr. Schildknecht is the President of Ir-rigation Hawaii, Ltd and is a Professional Member of the American Society of Irriga-tion Consultants (ASIC), an Irrigation As-sociation certified irrigation designer (CID), Hawaii’s first EPA Water Sense Partner.

pRepaRing yoUR

doUghTmanagemenT plan

In the past decade, we’ve seen and heard a lot of new “Buzzwords” in the landscape industry. Words such as LEED, sustainability, low-impact, urban sprawl, being green, and many more have become

commonplace.Another “buzzword” which has been

around for a while, but has never really discussed much in Hawaii is “Drought Management Plan”.

Ancient Hawaiian’s had drought man-agement plans, which date back hundreds

of years. These laws that governed water usage were known as the Kanawai or “laws of water” and were enforced by a strict Kapu. Damaging an irrigation system or harming a water source was punishable by death in cases. Water con-servation was the preeminent law of the land and was very successful in support-ing Hawaii’s population.

Officially, The State of Hawaii imple-mented the development of their initial modern day “Hawaii Drought Plan” in 2000 and this was updated in 2005, but has really never been implemented on a statewide level. Prior to then, drought was addressed as a temporary emergency and

actions that were taken in response to these emergencies.

The first recorded drought took place in the 1890’s, due to a com-

plete lack of long-range planning, which continued into the 1920 when the Honolulu Water Commission (now BWS) took over the management of water in the Nuuanu area of Honolulu. Ironically, almost 100 years ago, they faced some of the same issues that we face today. Antiquated systems, haphazard usage and perhaps most important of all, a lack of

planning, not so much on a Kingdom, State or Municipal level, but by the

individual user.Historically, the key item

with all Drought Management Plans is to develop and imple-

ment these ideas before the drought occurs. Key elements include;▪ A comprehensive

rainfall pattern and cli-mate monitoring system

▪ A network of people and organiza-tions who can effectively assess evolving shortages▪ Clear plans on how to immedi-

ately address both short and long term droughts before they occur.

The landscape industry cannot do much in predicting or changing rainfall but we can monitor it and we do have access to historical climatic conditions which we should take advantage of. We also are a network of people who have not only the capability but also their duty to assess future shortages and implement contingency plans before the shortages occur.

Basically, this means we need to priori-tize the usage of water before and during drought periods. The State of Hawaii Administrative Rules of the State Water Code HRS 174C-62, indicates the highest priority of water usage should be Domes-tic usage, followed by municipal, military, Ag, Industrial and lastly Golf, Recreation-al and Landscape applications.

While restrictions vary by County, the Honolulu Board of Water supply has three warning levels, Caution, Alert and Critical. ▪ Under a Caution Level, users will be

requested to voluntary conserve water es-pecially the reduction of irrigation usage. ▪ Under an Alert Level mandatory

water use restrictions may be placed upon customers, with the possibility of fines, surcharges or disconnection to the water service.▪ Under Critical Levels mandatory

water use restrictions will be implement-ed and an aggressive water conservation program will be essential.

Obviously, the priority that you would want to reduce first would be your lowest priority areas. If you’re asked to volun-tary conserve water, you may want to re-duce your water usage by 25%. Depend-ing upon the type of landscape you’re maintaining, you’re going to first look at the back of house, side yards or roughs to meet this requirement. If the warning increases to an Alert level with manda-tory 50% cut back you’re going to look at reducing your usage at those areas plus some of the higher priority levels but minimizing the cut back in your highest priorities until absolutely needed.

While water reductions may be re-quired there are other things you as the landscape manager need to consider:▪ Most Important: Know your water

needs for your site and the application rate of your system and apply the water properly. Do this now before any drought.▪ Prepare a drought plan and imple-

ment it early, before it’s mandatory.

▪ If this is a public area, post the drought notices so your clients know why you’re doing what you’re doing. It’s better to warn the users before it gets to the “Shock and Awe stage, and it will help you keep your job.▪ Use your as-built irrigation plans to

highlight the areas selected for reduction.▪ If looking long range, consider planting

a more drought tolerant turf/plantings.▪ Aerate your turf areas to improve the

efficiency that the water being applied▪ Adjust your watering times often.

Daily is best, but monthly as a minimum for commercial sites.▪ Apply wetting agents to also improve

the efficiency of the water being applied▪ Budget for more hand watering of

“Hot spots” Don’t irrigate the entire area when only a 20’ x 20’ area is dry.▪ Maintain your equipment to top

shape. A sharp blade causes less damage to the turf than a dull blade and the turf will not require as much water to recover.

▪ Consider a less frequent mowing and fertilization schedule.▪ New sprinklers are far more efficient

than older versions. Consider up-grading your system either on a circuit-by-circuit basis or everything. Do not however re-place only one sprinkler at a time, do all of them on the same zone at the same time.▪ Upgrade your control system. Many

new control systems can save 30% to 50% of the water applied through better management.▪ Ask for help from a qualified consultant.Best Advice – Be Prepared. It’s not if,

but when the next drought will happen.

Mr. Schildknecht is the President of IrrigationHawaii, Ltd and is a Profes-sionalMember of the American Society of IrrigationConsultants (ASIC), an Irrigation Associationcertified irrigation designer (CID),Hawaii’s first EPA Water Sense Partner.

Priority Res/Com Water use Hotel/Resort Water use Golf Water use

1 Front/Entry 20% Entry 13% Greens 2%

2 Lanai Areas 7% Pool/Rec Area 15% Grn Sur/Approach 3%

3 Child Play area 10% Formal Garden 15% Tees 5%

4 Rear Yard 35% Open Space 30% Fairways 40%

5 Side Yard 20% Side Areas 15% Roughs 35%

6 Back of House 5% Back of House 10% Practice 10%

7 Other 3% Other 2% Other 5%

Total 100% 100% 100%

By AllAn scHildKnecHt

As a user or landscaper, how can you prepare a Drought Management Plan for your property? The first step is to prioritize your site both from a maintenance level as well as from the user’s respective; Examples may be;

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 15THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY14 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013

pRepaRing yoUR

doUghTmanagemenT plan

In the past decade, we’ve seen and heard a lot of new “Buzzwords” in the landscape industry. Words such as LEED, sustainability, low-impact, urban sprawl, being green, and many more have become

commonplace.Another “buzzword” which has been

around for a while, but has never really discussed much in Hawaii is “Drought Management Plan”.

Ancient Hawaiian’s had drought man-agement plans, which date back hundreds

of years. These laws that governed water usage were known as the Kanawai or “laws of water” and were enforced by a strict Kapu. Damaging an irrigation system or harming a water source was punishable by death in cases. Water con-servation was the preeminent law of the land and was very successful in support-ing Hawaii’s population.

Officially, The State of Hawaii imple-mented the development of their initial modern day “Hawaii Drought Plan” in 2000 and this was updated in 2005, but has really never been implemented on a statewide level. Prior to then, drought was addressed as a temporary emergency and

actions that were taken in response to these emergencies.

The first recorded drought took place in the 1890’s, due to a com-

plete lack of long-range planning, which continued into the 1920 when the Honolulu Water Commission (now BWS) took over the management of water in the Nuuanu area of Honolulu. Ironically, almost 100 years ago, they faced some of the same issues that we face today. Antiquated systems, haphazard usage and perhaps most important of all, a lack of

planning, not so much on a Kingdom, State or Municipal level, but by the

individual user.Historically, the key item

with all Drought Management Plans is to develop and imple-

ment these ideas before the drought occurs. Key elements include;▪ A comprehensive

rainfall pattern and cli-mate monitoring system

▪ A network of people and organiza-tions who can effectively assess evolving shortages▪ Clear plans on how to immedi-

ately address both short and long term droughts before they occur.

The landscape industry cannot do much in predicting or changing rainfall but we can monitor it and we do have access to historical climatic conditions which we should take advantage of. We also are a network of people who have not only the capability but also their duty to assess future shortages and implement contingency plans before the shortages occur.

Basically, this means we need to priori-tize the usage of water before and during drought periods. The State of Hawaii Administrative Rules of the State Water Code HRS 174C-62, indicates the highest priority of water usage should be Domes-tic usage, followed by municipal, military, Ag, Industrial and lastly Golf, Recreation-al and Landscape applications.

While restrictions vary by County, the Honolulu Board of Water supply has three warning levels, Caution, Alert and Critical. ▪ Under a Caution Level, users will be

requested to voluntary conserve water es-pecially the reduction of irrigation usage. ▪ Under an Alert Level mandatory

water use restrictions may be placed upon customers, with the possibility of fines, surcharges or disconnection to the water service.▪ Under Critical Levels mandatory

water use restrictions will be implement-ed and an aggressive water conservation program will be essential.

Obviously, the priority that you would want to reduce first would be your lowest priority areas. If you’re asked to volun-tary conserve water, you may want to re-duce your water usage by 25%. Depend-ing upon the type of landscape you’re maintaining, you’re going to first look at the back of house, side yards or roughs to meet this requirement. If the warning increases to an Alert level with manda-tory 50% cut back you’re going to look at reducing your usage at those areas plus some of the higher priority levels but minimizing the cut back in your highest priorities until absolutely needed.

While water reductions may be re-quired there are other things you as the landscape manager need to consider:▪ Most Important: Know your water

needs for your site and the application rate of your system and apply the water properly. Do this now before any drought.▪ Prepare a drought plan and imple-

ment it early, before it’s mandatory.

▪ If this is a public area, post the drought notices so your clients know why you’re doing what you’re doing. It’s better to warn the users before it gets to the “Shock and Awe stage, and it will help you keep your job.▪ Use your as-built irrigation plans to

highlight the areas selected for reduction.▪ If looking long range, consider planting

a more drought tolerant turf/plantings.▪ Aerate your turf areas to improve the

efficiency that the water being applied▪ Adjust your watering times often.

Daily is best, but monthly as a minimum for commercial sites.▪ Apply wetting agents to also improve

the efficiency of the water being applied▪ Budget for more hand watering of

“Hot spots” Don’t irrigate the entire area when only a 20’ x 20’ area is dry.▪ Maintain your equipment to top

shape. A sharp blade causes less damage to the turf than a dull blade and the turf will not require as much water to recover.

▪ Consider a less frequent mowing and fertilization schedule.▪ New sprinklers are far more efficient

than older versions. Consider up-grading your system either on a circuit-by-circuit basis or everything. Do not however re-place only one sprinkler at a time, do all of them on the same zone at the same time.▪ Upgrade your control system. Many

new control systems can save 30% to 50% of the water applied through better management.▪ Ask for help from a qualified consultant.Best Advice – Be Prepared. It’s not if,

but when the next drought will happen.

Mr. Schildknecht is the President of IrrigationHawaii, Ltd and is a Profes-sionalMember of the American Society of IrrigationConsultants (ASIC), an Irrigation Associationcertified irrigation designer (CID),Hawaii’s first EPA Water Sense Partner.

Priority Res/Com Water use Hotel/Resort Water use Golf Water use

1 Front/Entry 20% Entry 13% Greens 2%

2 Lanai Areas 7% Pool/Rec Area 15% Grn Sur/Approach 3%

3 Child Play area 10% Formal Garden 15% Tees 5%

4 Rear Yard 35% Open Space 30% Fairways 40%

5 Side Yard 20% Side Areas 15% Roughs 35%

6 Back of House 5% Back of House 10% Practice 10%

7 Other 3% Other 2% Other 5%

Total 100% 100% 100%

By AllAn scHildKnecHt

As a user or landscaper, how can you prepare a Drought Management Plan for your property? The first step is to prioritize your site both from a maintenance level as well as from the user’s respective; Examples may be;

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 15THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY14 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013

16 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 17THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

• Specimen Trees in Boxes• Fruiting Trees• Palms• Topiaries• everything else

in Kona329-5702

mowingTips

Proper mowing height is im-portant in maintaining the health and overall appear-ance of turf grasses. Each kind of turf grass has its own recommended range of

upper and lower mowing height.Mowing near the lower end of the

range in some species can be beneficial by causing an increase in the growth of the stolons and rhizomes, resulting in increased turf density. However, mowing too low will reduce the amount of leaf area, which will decrease photosynthesis. This will decrease the root mass resulting in a reduced tolerance to foot traffic and to heat and water stress, resulting in a brown lawn. Mowing near the lower end of the recommended range is tolerated better during the summer months in Hawaii when our warm season grasses are at their highest growth rate. Home lawns should not be cut lower than ½ inch, very low mowing at ¼ inch or below should be restricted to golf greens and tee boxes, where turf species adapted to low

mowing and special professional care and equipment is required.

Raise the height a little during the winter months when the growth rate is much slower. Even a small increase in height can produce significant benefits by allowing more leaf area resulting in deeper roots and higher stress resistance. However, mowing above the upper end of the range often results in a loose tufty appearance and a rapid growth of the thatch. This gives the lawn a spongy feel, which will lead to scalping during mow-ing and other problems.

The actual mowing height you use should depend on the mowing height tolerance of your particular type of grass, how often you mow, and its location. In shaded areas, for example, raise the mowing height by 30 to 50 % to com-pensate for the lower rate of pho-tosynthesis of the leaf blades under low light.

A second consideration is selec-tion of mower. The mowing tolerance of your individual turf species will be

the main factor in determining the type of mower to use. The two basic types of power mowers are the reel and rotary mowers.

A reel mower is best to use on lawns cut at one inch or less. A reel mower cuts with a shearing action as mul-tiple blades (7 to 11) turn against a stationary bed knife. The reel mower produces a better lawn appearance when the blades are kept sharp and aligned with the bed knife. Reel mowers

have disadvantages in that they are more expensive to purchase, more difficult to maintain in good working condition, not very maneuverable around corners and in tight places and on uneven terrain. They do best on relatively open level lawns cut at less than one inch.

Rotary mowers should be used on lawns cut at one inch or higher.

A well-designed rotary mower lifts the grass by creating suction and gives a uniform crew

cut type look. A mulching rotary mower keeps the clippings in suspension long enough to re-cut them

several times and discharge them directly down into the thatch. The blade must be kept sharp. As the rotary blade becomes dull it tends to produce a frayed leaf edge that dries out, giving a brown or yellow cast to the lawn. Rotary mowers are less expensive than reel mowers and are far more versatile. They handle weeds and thick grass with ease and are much more maneuverable. They can also be used to mulch and bag leaves and other small yard debris as a substitute for raking.

Mow often enough so that you do not remove more than 1/3 of the leaf growth at a time, the lower the cutting height the more often you will mow. If you follow the recommended mowing frequency, clippings should not cause a problem and should be left on the lawn. This will recycle much of the nu-trients that would otherwise be lost if clippings are bagged. As much as 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer you put onto the lawn can be retained in this manner.

Jay Deputy is the state administrator for the Certified Land-scape Technician program and a Director Emeritus of the LICH Board of Directors.

Recommended Preferred Approximate Mowing Height Mower frequency (inches) (days)

TuRf sPeCies

Common Bermudagrass 1 to 2 rotary 7

Improved common Bermudagrass 3/4 to 1 1/2 reel/rotary 7

Hybrid Bermudagrass 1/2 to 3/4 reel 5 to 7

Seashore & other varieties of paspalum 1/2 to 3/4 reel 5 to 7

Emerald Zoysia 1/2 to 3/4 reel 7

Z3 & newer varieties of semi dwarf Zoysia 5/8 to 1 reel 7

El Toro Zoysia 3/4 to 1 1/2 reel/rotary 7

Centipedegrass 1 1/4 to 2 rotary 7 to 14

St Augustingrass 2 to 3 1/2 rotary 7 to 14

TABLE OF MOwInG InFORMATIOn

By jAy depUty

16 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 17THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

• Specimen Trees in Boxes• Fruiting Trees• Palms• Topiaries• everything else

in Kona329-5702

mowingTips

Proper mowing height is im-portant in maintaining the health and overall appear-ance of turf grasses. Each kind of turf grass has its own recommended range of

upper and lower mowing height.Mowing near the lower end of the

range in some species can be beneficial by causing an increase in the growth of the stolons and rhizomes, resulting in increased turf density. However, mowing too low will reduce the amount of leaf area, which will decrease photosynthesis. This will decrease the root mass resulting in a reduced tolerance to foot traffic and to heat and water stress, resulting in a brown lawn. Mowing near the lower end of the recommended range is tolerated better during the summer months in Hawaii when our warm season grasses are at their highest growth rate. Home lawns should not be cut lower than ½ inch, very low mowing at ¼ inch or below should be restricted to golf greens and tee boxes, where turf species adapted to low

mowing and special professional care and equipment is required.

Raise the height a little during the winter months when the growth rate is much slower. Even a small increase in height can produce significant benefits by allowing more leaf area resulting in deeper roots and higher stress resistance. However, mowing above the upper end of the range often results in a loose tufty appearance and a rapid growth of the thatch. This gives the lawn a spongy feel, which will lead to scalping during mow-ing and other problems.

The actual mowing height you use should depend on the mowing height tolerance of your particular type of grass, how often you mow, and its location. In shaded areas, for example, raise the mowing height by 30 to 50 % to com-pensate for the lower rate of pho-tosynthesis of the leaf blades under low light.

A second consideration is selec-tion of mower. The mowing tolerance of your individual turf species will be

the main factor in determining the type of mower to use. The two basic types of power mowers are the reel and rotary mowers.

A reel mower is best to use on lawns cut at one inch or less. A reel mower cuts with a shearing action as mul-tiple blades (7 to 11) turn against a stationary bed knife. The reel mower produces a better lawn appearance when the blades are kept sharp and aligned with the bed knife. Reel mowers

have disadvantages in that they are more expensive to purchase, more difficult to maintain in good working condition, not very maneuverable around corners and in tight places and on uneven terrain. They do best on relatively open level lawns cut at less than one inch.

Rotary mowers should be used on lawns cut at one inch or higher.

A well-designed rotary mower lifts the grass by creating suction and gives a uniform crew

cut type look. A mulching rotary mower keeps the clippings in suspension long enough to re-cut them

several times and discharge them directly down into the thatch. The blade must be kept sharp. As the rotary blade becomes dull it tends to produce a frayed leaf edge that dries out, giving a brown or yellow cast to the lawn. Rotary mowers are less expensive than reel mowers and are far more versatile. They handle weeds and thick grass with ease and are much more maneuverable. They can also be used to mulch and bag leaves and other small yard debris as a substitute for raking.

Mow often enough so that you do not remove more than 1/3 of the leaf growth at a time, the lower the cutting height the more often you will mow. If you follow the recommended mowing frequency, clippings should not cause a problem and should be left on the lawn. This will recycle much of the nu-trients that would otherwise be lost if clippings are bagged. As much as 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer you put onto the lawn can be retained in this manner.

Jay Deputy is the state administrator for the Certified Land-scape Technician program and a Director Emeritus of the LICH Board of Directors.

Recommended Preferred Approximate Mowing Height Mower frequency (inches) (days)

TuRf sPeCies

Common Bermudagrass 1 to 2 rotary 7

Improved common Bermudagrass 3/4 to 1 1/2 reel/rotary 7

Hybrid Bermudagrass 1/2 to 3/4 reel 5 to 7

Seashore & other varieties of paspalum 1/2 to 3/4 reel 5 to 7

Emerald Zoysia 1/2 to 3/4 reel 7

Z3 & newer varieties of semi dwarf Zoysia 5/8 to 1 reel 7

El Toro Zoysia 3/4 to 1 1/2 reel/rotary 7

Centipedegrass 1 1/4 to 2 rotary 7 to 14

St Augustingrass 2 to 3 1/2 rotary 7 to 14

TABLE OF MOwInG InFORMATIOn

By jAy depUty

18 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 19THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

EKO Compost is made in Hawaii . It ’s an integral part of theislands ’ ecosystem. It ’s also one of the Founding Members of the

U.S. Composting Council ’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program.

You can find EKO Compost at :Maui EKO ’s Plant

Central Maui Landfill - Pulehu Rd . Puunene8 0 8 - 5 7 2 - 8 8 4 4

Hawaii Grower ProductsMaui , Lanai & Molokai : 8 0 8 - 8 7 7 - 6 6 3 6

Big Island : 8 0 8 - 3 2 6 - 7 5 5 5

Pacific Agricultural Sales & ServiceOahu & Kauai : 8 0 8 - 6 8 2 - 5 1 1 3

MadeOn

Maui

C O M P O S T I N GC O U N C I LUS

Seal of Testing Assurance rubens.mauieko@gmail.comPuunene, Maui

There are two general kinds of turf grasses available. They are called Cool Season and Warm Season for obvious reasons. Only the Warm Season grasses

can be used in Hawaii. Cool Season spe-cies like Kentucky bluegrass, fescue and rye will not survive the hot summers in Hawaii even though the seed is sold here as shade grass.

The Warm Season species are Bermu-dagrass, Paspalum (Seashore and some newer varieties), Zoysia (several varieties), Centipede and St Augustine.

Bermuda grass was once the most popular choice for home lawns in Hawaii. The traditional common Bermuda grass was widely used until the late 1960s when the first hybrid, Sunturf Bermuda, was introduced. Decades later other Bermuda hybrids became more popular.

Common Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) can be grown from seed. There

are many new improved seeded selec-tions that are of much higher density and better color than the original type used several decades ago. However these seeded selections do not yet compete with the hybrids for top quality. The main advantage with these seeded types is the lower cost and ease of planting. All hybrid Bermuda varieties do not produce viable seed and must be planted by vegetative methods, usually by spreading stolons.

There is now a nice variety of Bermuda hybrids available. Until recently Tifsport and Tifway 419 were the best choices for sports fields and home lawns. Several new introductions , notably Celebration and Tif GRAND, have recently become available that have higher density and better color and are also reported to have better shade tolerance than the other Bermuda hybrids. Several dwarf varieties are also available, but they are best suited for use on high maintenance golf courses and high end homes and resorts.

All Bermuda grasses, both hybrids and common seeded varieties, require a higher fertilizer program than any of the other warm season grasses and show the least shade tolerance. Mowing is best with a reel mower at one half to three fourths inch mowing height for most hybrids and one to two inches for the common Bermudas.

There are several types of Zoysia (Zoy-sia japonica) available in Hawaii. El Toro, Z3 and emerald are the most common. El Toro has the widest blade, very similar to centipede grass. It grows much more rapidly than the other types and can be mowed at heights from three fourths to one inch with a reel mower or one to one and one half inches with a rotary mower. Z3 and emerald should be mowed lower, one half to three fourths inch. Emerald Zoysia blades have a very fine texture, often referred to as “pokey grass” and can develop a thick thatch and form mounds when cut above an inch. Emerald devel-ops thick thatch much more rapidly than

Z3 or El Toro. Z3 has smaller, thinner blades than El Toro.

All Zoysias have good shade tolerance and very high wear tolerance, but because of their slow growth, Z3 and emerald will recover very slowly when once worn down. All Zoysia varieties are normally planted from small squares of sod planted at about one foot intervals. The time for full establishment can vary from four to five months to longer than one year de-pending on the time of year, variety and planting distance.

Some newer varieties of Zoysia have recently been introduced. Zeon has a combination of a fine-textured look, very low irrigation requirements, substantially less fertilizer requirements, and very low thatch production. JaMur Zoysia is a me-dium textured grass, similar in look to El Toro grass, but it’s a lot easier to manage, needing less water and less fertilizer.

Geo Zoysia has a fine texture similar to Emerald, but with a much softer feel and lower thatch development and can be mowed below one half inch. Empire is a blue-green turf with a blade width slightly wider than El Toro and can be mowed from one half inch to two inches.

Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vagina-tum) has been widely used in Hawaii for

its salt tolerance. Zoysia is also salt toler-ant, but it handles salt in a completely different way. Where paspalum must be flushed with fresh water to move the salts through the soil column, Zoysia stores the salt in its leaf tissue. So, to remove salt from Zoysiagrass, all you have to do is mow it and remove the clippings.

Several varieties of paspalum are available. Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is the most common and the newest is Sea Isle 2000. Sea Isle 2000 is rapidly becoming the choice for golf courses, replacing the traditional Bermuda turf. The most outstanding characteristics of these paspalums are a fast growth rate and very high salt toler-ance. On the down side, it builds thatch rapidly and is not very tolerant of many of the commonly used herbicides and is not very shade tolerant. Both varieties are best mowed under one inch with a reel mower. It is normally planted by spread-ing stolons or by plugs.

Saint Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) is the coarsest of all of the warm season grasses used here. It must be mowed above 2 and one half inches and requires a heavy duty rotary mower. It can build a very thick thatch layer which will eventually lead to difficulty in mow-

ing. It’s most endearing trait is very good shade tolerance along with fairly high salt tolerance. Planting is usually from rooted sprigs of sod. Several new dwarf type varieties such as Captiva St Augustine are now available which have finer, shorter blades, build less thatch, and tolerate lower mowing heights.

Centipede grass (Eremochloa ophiu-roides) is the other choice available for Hawaii lawns. It is normally planted from seed and will establish in two to three months. Centipede has good shade toler-ance but has very poor wear tolerance and requires more water than all other warm season grasses. It grows rather slowly and requires less maintenance than most of the other grasses.

For more information on any of the these grasses see the ads in this issue and for general landscape information visit the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources website at www.ctahr.hawaii.edu. Click on publications on the home page.

Jay Deputy is the state administrator for the Certified Landscape Technician program and a Director Emeritus on the LICH Board of Directors.TURFgRasses

Used in hawaii

a Review oF

By jAy depUty

BermudagrassSeashore Paspalum Centipede

Zoysia St. Augustine

Phot

os: U

nive

rsity

of H

awai

i CTA

HR

18 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 19THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

EKO Compost is made in Hawaii . It ’s an integral part of theislands ’ ecosystem. It ’s also one of the Founding Members of the

U.S. Composting Council ’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program.

You can find EKO Compost at :Maui EKO ’s Plant

Central Maui Landfill - Pulehu Rd . Puunene8 0 8 - 5 7 2 - 8 8 4 4

Hawaii Grower ProductsMaui , Lanai & Molokai : 8 0 8 - 8 7 7 - 6 6 3 6

Big Island : 8 0 8 - 3 2 6 - 7 5 5 5

Pacific Agricultural Sales & ServiceOahu & Kauai : 8 0 8 - 6 8 2 - 5 1 1 3

MadeOn

Maui

C O M P O S T I N GC O U N C I LUS

Seal of Testing Assurance rubens.mauieko@gmail.comPuunene, Maui

There are two general kinds of turf grasses available. They are called Cool Season and Warm Season for obvious reasons. Only the Warm Season grasses

can be used in Hawaii. Cool Season spe-cies like Kentucky bluegrass, fescue and rye will not survive the hot summers in Hawaii even though the seed is sold here as shade grass.

The Warm Season species are Bermu-dagrass, Paspalum (Seashore and some newer varieties), Zoysia (several varieties), Centipede and St Augustine.

Bermuda grass was once the most popular choice for home lawns in Hawaii. The traditional common Bermuda grass was widely used until the late 1960s when the first hybrid, Sunturf Bermuda, was introduced. Decades later other Bermuda hybrids became more popular.

Common Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) can be grown from seed. There

are many new improved seeded selec-tions that are of much higher density and better color than the original type used several decades ago. However these seeded selections do not yet compete with the hybrids for top quality. The main advantage with these seeded types is the lower cost and ease of planting. All hybrid Bermuda varieties do not produce viable seed and must be planted by vegetative methods, usually by spreading stolons.

There is now a nice variety of Bermuda hybrids available. Until recently Tifsport and Tifway 419 were the best choices for sports fields and home lawns. Several new introductions , notably Celebration and Tif GRAND, have recently become available that have higher density and better color and are also reported to have better shade tolerance than the other Bermuda hybrids. Several dwarf varieties are also available, but they are best suited for use on high maintenance golf courses and high end homes and resorts.

All Bermuda grasses, both hybrids and common seeded varieties, require a higher fertilizer program than any of the other warm season grasses and show the least shade tolerance. Mowing is best with a reel mower at one half to three fourths inch mowing height for most hybrids and one to two inches for the common Bermudas.

There are several types of Zoysia (Zoy-sia japonica) available in Hawaii. El Toro, Z3 and emerald are the most common. El Toro has the widest blade, very similar to centipede grass. It grows much more rapidly than the other types and can be mowed at heights from three fourths to one inch with a reel mower or one to one and one half inches with a rotary mower. Z3 and emerald should be mowed lower, one half to three fourths inch. Emerald Zoysia blades have a very fine texture, often referred to as “pokey grass” and can develop a thick thatch and form mounds when cut above an inch. Emerald devel-ops thick thatch much more rapidly than

Z3 or El Toro. Z3 has smaller, thinner blades than El Toro.

All Zoysias have good shade tolerance and very high wear tolerance, but because of their slow growth, Z3 and emerald will recover very slowly when once worn down. All Zoysia varieties are normally planted from small squares of sod planted at about one foot intervals. The time for full establishment can vary from four to five months to longer than one year de-pending on the time of year, variety and planting distance.

Some newer varieties of Zoysia have recently been introduced. Zeon has a combination of a fine-textured look, very low irrigation requirements, substantially less fertilizer requirements, and very low thatch production. JaMur Zoysia is a me-dium textured grass, similar in look to El Toro grass, but it’s a lot easier to manage, needing less water and less fertilizer.

Geo Zoysia has a fine texture similar to Emerald, but with a much softer feel and lower thatch development and can be mowed below one half inch. Empire is a blue-green turf with a blade width slightly wider than El Toro and can be mowed from one half inch to two inches.

Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vagina-tum) has been widely used in Hawaii for

its salt tolerance. Zoysia is also salt toler-ant, but it handles salt in a completely different way. Where paspalum must be flushed with fresh water to move the salts through the soil column, Zoysia stores the salt in its leaf tissue. So, to remove salt from Zoysiagrass, all you have to do is mow it and remove the clippings.

Several varieties of paspalum are available. Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is the most common and the newest is Sea Isle 2000. Sea Isle 2000 is rapidly becoming the choice for golf courses, replacing the traditional Bermuda turf. The most outstanding characteristics of these paspalums are a fast growth rate and very high salt toler-ance. On the down side, it builds thatch rapidly and is not very tolerant of many of the commonly used herbicides and is not very shade tolerant. Both varieties are best mowed under one inch with a reel mower. It is normally planted by spread-ing stolons or by plugs.

Saint Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) is the coarsest of all of the warm season grasses used here. It must be mowed above 2 and one half inches and requires a heavy duty rotary mower. It can build a very thick thatch layer which will eventually lead to difficulty in mow-

ing. It’s most endearing trait is very good shade tolerance along with fairly high salt tolerance. Planting is usually from rooted sprigs of sod. Several new dwarf type varieties such as Captiva St Augustine are now available which have finer, shorter blades, build less thatch, and tolerate lower mowing heights.

Centipede grass (Eremochloa ophiu-roides) is the other choice available for Hawaii lawns. It is normally planted from seed and will establish in two to three months. Centipede has good shade toler-ance but has very poor wear tolerance and requires more water than all other warm season grasses. It grows rather slowly and requires less maintenance than most of the other grasses.

For more information on any of the these grasses see the ads in this issue and for general landscape information visit the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources website at www.ctahr.hawaii.edu. Click on publications on the home page.

Jay Deputy is the state administrator for the Certified Landscape Technician program and a Director Emeritus on the LICH Board of Directors.TURFgRasses

Used in hawaii

a Review oF

By jAy depUty

BermudagrassSeashore Paspalum Centipede

Zoysia St. Augustine

Phot

os: U

nive

rsity

of H

awai

i CTA

HR

20 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 21THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

Opened in 1949, Leile-hua Golf Course has always been consid-ered one of the finest military golf courses worldwide, and a

favorite to the local Hawaiian golfing community.

So one might ask, “If Leilehua is such a great golf course, why was it recently renovated?” The answer is a simple. Although the golf course layout was solid, Leilehua had been showing its age for many years and it was evident that it was time for a change. The large trees had overtaken the fairways, bunkers were holding water, putting surfaces were slow and uninteresting and more tee space was needed.

So, in 2010 a professional design/ build team was hired to work with the Army and Leilehua personnel to refurbish the golf course and bring it up to high qual-ity, modern-day standards. The team comprised of Stellar, golf course architect Mark Miller and DHR Construction, was given a “wish list” and a budget. Although the task seemed daunting, the team’s

main focus from the start was to deliver the entire wish list within the given budget.

Project ApproachThe wish list consisted of four main

items. In order of priority, the request was for new full-length concrete cart paths, the removal of 160 large trees, 18 new teeing complexes and, if at all possible, 18 new green complexes. Led by Stellar, the team quickly realized that some inventive value engineering would be required, and sacrificing the quality of the project, in any way, was not an option. Resourceful and environmentally sustainable solutions would be a primary focus as well.

Value EngineeringTree removal would to be a major

expense, so the team hired Steve Nimz, a prominent arborist in Hawaii, to consult on the project. Working closely with Steve Takashige, golf course superin-tendant, and Mark Miller, Nimz took a more detailed approach to the overall tree removal picture. Collectively, they

determined that many of the trees could be pruned and others could be saved, resulting in a major construction cost savings.

Next, the team focused on the con-crete cart paths. Danny and Joy Ramos of DHR Construction had established their business in cart path installation, and brought their valuable expertise to the table. Through minor design adjustments and creative construction techniques, ad-ditional construction costs savings were realized.

The team’s next focus was on the con-struction of USGA style greens and tees. Of which was the most significant and costly portion of the project would be the greens construction. A USGA green is considered the optimum root zone envi-ronment for growing turfgrass, and is the most widely used construction method. This method requires a very specific root zone mixture consisting of silica sand, blended with peat moss. For Hawai-ian golf courses, this can be expensive because everything must be imported. The sand for example was imported from Vietnam, the peat from the mainland.

Additionally the irrigation system needed to be remodeled to accommodate the changes in these features.

Final ResultsLeilehua’s original layout was kept

intact, bestowing its welcoming charm and calming beauty, but the course now defiantly has sharper teeth that make the course more challenging yet fun to play.

Tees, for the most part, have been rees-tablished in their original location. The most notable difference is they are now ample in size, with a wide variety of tee-ing areas, along with newly introduced forward tees on every hole.

Trees canopies are now pulled back and cart path locations are much im-proved, welcoming golfers to grip it and rip it. The difficulty of Leilehua now lies in the all-important approach shot. The new greens can be described as subtlety undulating to uniquely contoured, with a couple of surprises in store for first tim-ers (beware of holes 8 and 15). Menacing, yet delightfully shaped bunkering, guards the greens.

The turfgrass chosen for the new

Leilehua greens is MiniVerde Ultra Dwarf Bermudagrass, recently introduced to the islands. MiniVerde is considered a supe-rior turfgrass for putting greens and tees; known for its dark green color, salt and shade tolerance, and resistance to disease and rapid recovery from injury. The fine blades of this grass can be closely mowed, allowing these new greens to roll fast, if desired.

So warm up your approach game, and

come out and enjoy the newly remodeled classic, Leilehua Golf Course. You will love the new look, and the new challeng-es that compliment this timeless beauty.

Mark Miller, formerly with Belt Collins Hawaii/ Nelson and Haworth Golf Course Architects, has operated as an independent golf course architect since 1999, DBA Miller Design, LLC from his office in Arvada, Colorado.The Renaissance oF a classic -

leilehUa golF coURse

before shot 8 green

AfTer shot 8 green

By mArK miller

20 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 21THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

Opened in 1949, Leile-hua Golf Course has always been consid-ered one of the finest military golf courses worldwide, and a

favorite to the local Hawaiian golfing community.

So one might ask, “If Leilehua is such a great golf course, why was it recently renovated?” The answer is a simple. Although the golf course layout was solid, Leilehua had been showing its age for many years and it was evident that it was time for a change. The large trees had overtaken the fairways, bunkers were holding water, putting surfaces were slow and uninteresting and more tee space was needed.

So, in 2010 a professional design/ build team was hired to work with the Army and Leilehua personnel to refurbish the golf course and bring it up to high qual-ity, modern-day standards. The team comprised of Stellar, golf course architect Mark Miller and DHR Construction, was given a “wish list” and a budget. Although the task seemed daunting, the team’s

main focus from the start was to deliver the entire wish list within the given budget.

Project ApproachThe wish list consisted of four main

items. In order of priority, the request was for new full-length concrete cart paths, the removal of 160 large trees, 18 new teeing complexes and, if at all possible, 18 new green complexes. Led by Stellar, the team quickly realized that some inventive value engineering would be required, and sacrificing the quality of the project, in any way, was not an option. Resourceful and environmentally sustainable solutions would be a primary focus as well.

Value EngineeringTree removal would to be a major

expense, so the team hired Steve Nimz, a prominent arborist in Hawaii, to consult on the project. Working closely with Steve Takashige, golf course superin-tendant, and Mark Miller, Nimz took a more detailed approach to the overall tree removal picture. Collectively, they

determined that many of the trees could be pruned and others could be saved, resulting in a major construction cost savings.

Next, the team focused on the con-crete cart paths. Danny and Joy Ramos of DHR Construction had established their business in cart path installation, and brought their valuable expertise to the table. Through minor design adjustments and creative construction techniques, ad-ditional construction costs savings were realized.

The team’s next focus was on the con-struction of USGA style greens and tees. Of which was the most significant and costly portion of the project would be the greens construction. A USGA green is considered the optimum root zone envi-ronment for growing turfgrass, and is the most widely used construction method. This method requires a very specific root zone mixture consisting of silica sand, blended with peat moss. For Hawai-ian golf courses, this can be expensive because everything must be imported. The sand for example was imported from Vietnam, the peat from the mainland.

Additionally the irrigation system needed to be remodeled to accommodate the changes in these features.

Final ResultsLeilehua’s original layout was kept

intact, bestowing its welcoming charm and calming beauty, but the course now defiantly has sharper teeth that make the course more challenging yet fun to play.

Tees, for the most part, have been rees-tablished in their original location. The most notable difference is they are now ample in size, with a wide variety of tee-ing areas, along with newly introduced forward tees on every hole.

Trees canopies are now pulled back and cart path locations are much im-proved, welcoming golfers to grip it and rip it. The difficulty of Leilehua now lies in the all-important approach shot. The new greens can be described as subtlety undulating to uniquely contoured, with a couple of surprises in store for first tim-ers (beware of holes 8 and 15). Menacing, yet delightfully shaped bunkering, guards the greens.

The turfgrass chosen for the new

Leilehua greens is MiniVerde Ultra Dwarf Bermudagrass, recently introduced to the islands. MiniVerde is considered a supe-rior turfgrass for putting greens and tees; known for its dark green color, salt and shade tolerance, and resistance to disease and rapid recovery from injury. The fine blades of this grass can be closely mowed, allowing these new greens to roll fast, if desired.

So warm up your approach game, and

come out and enjoy the newly remodeled classic, Leilehua Golf Course. You will love the new look, and the new challeng-es that compliment this timeless beauty.

Mark Miller, formerly with Belt Collins Hawaii/ Nelson and Haworth Golf Course Architects, has operated as an independent golf course architect since 1999, DBA Miller Design, LLC from his office in Arvada, Colorado.The Renaissance oF a classic -

leilehUa golF coURse

before shot 8 green

AfTer shot 8 green

By mArK miller

22 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 23

Turf grasses today include an array of patented turf grasses that offer your clients unique characteristics. We asked national and local turf grass suppliers to tell us about the

latest turf grasses that are available in Hawaii and we received a great response. It’s truly amazing how traditional grasses have been optimized for more drought resistance, lower mowing height, insect resistance, different color shades, greater foot traffic tolerance, shade tolerance, and there’s a native grass that’s now available too. You name it there’s a grass that’s perfect for your project.

recovery and low surface hardness. It has an excellent recovery rate from damage and wear and has excellent sod strength due to a dense root system and tight runners. While being extremely heat tolerant, Celebration tolerates cooler temperatures while retaining its color. Celebration in both scientific studies and real life applications has a higher degree of shade tolerance than other bermudagrass variet-ies allowing it to stretch the normal limits of bermudagrass in shaded applications. From professional golf to the NFL, home lawns to sports fields, Celebration is a proven excellent choice for optimal performance and quality for Hawaii. Southern Turf in Hawaii grows Celebration Bermudagrass. For more infor- mation visit www.sodsolutions.com or www.southernturfhawaii.com.

Captiva™ St. Augustine Captiva ™ St. Augustinegrass is an im-

proved release from the University of Florida. Captiva offers a visual and dramatic improve-ment to the common St. Augustine grasses found throughout Hawaii. Captiva has a deep dark green color, shows resistance to the Southern Chinch Bug, and is very shade toler-ant. Unlike common St Augustine, Captiva is a true low-mow grass and is a slow vertical grower which greatly reduces the frequency of mowing. It grows well with minimum water once established. Captiva is a great low maintenance grass for many types of Hawai-ian landscapes. Hawaiian Turfgrass in Hawaii

MiniVerde® BermudagrassMiniVerde® Bermudagrass variety ‘P-18’ is a

high shoot density, stoloniferous bermudagrass for production of high quality golf greens. Mini-Verde tolerates continuous close mowing, has a dark green genetic color and excellent low tem-perature color retention. MiniVerde does not exhibit purple leaf coloration due to anthocyan-in production typical of Tifdwarf bermudagrass exposed to low, non-freezing temperatures.

MiniVerde will tolerate relatively high amounts of sodium and therefore is adapted for use with reclaimed water. MiniVerde also tolerates soil pH levels of from 5.5 to 9.0 but will perform best at pH 6.0 to 6.5. MiniVerde has few pest problems and tolerates close, frequent mowing. MiniVerde Bermudagrass is locally grown by Alii Turf Company. For more information visit www.aliiturf.com.

grows Captiva ™ St. Augustinegrass. For more information visit www.sodsolutions.com or www.hawaiianturfgrass.com.

BERMUDA GRASSESCelebration® Bermudagrass

Celebration® is a striking blue-green bermudagrass that offers proven excep-tional performance throughout Hawaii in a wide range of applications. Celebration ranked #1 in a comprehensive drought study and requires fewer inputs, making it an environmental-friendly grass to the sensitive Hawaiian landscape. Celebration has also received top ratings for wear tolerance, divot

Riviera BermudagrassRiviera Bermudagrass is an improved

common bermudagrass that was released in 2001. Unlike all of the hybrid selections, Riviera is grown from seed. This makes es-tablishment less labor intensive and is much less expensive. Riviera Bermuda has superior density, texture and color as compared to other improved common bermudagrass varieties. It is very wear tolerant and recov-ers quickly from damage making it an excellent choice for use on many sports field applications. Riviera has been use extensive-ly on golf courses, home lawns, roadsides, and almost every venue of sports. Riviera Bermudagrass is locally sold by Koolau Seed & Supply Co. and can be reached at (808) 239-1280.

Celebration® Bermudagrass MiniVerde® Bermudagrass

new paTenTed

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Riviera Bermudagrass EMPIRE Turf®TifGrand® Certified Bermudagrass

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 23THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

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22 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 23

Turf grasses today include an array of patented turf grasses that offer your clients unique characteristics. We asked national and local turf grass suppliers to tell us about the

latest turf grasses that are available in Hawaii and we received a great response. It’s truly amazing how traditional grasses have been optimized for more drought resistance, lower mowing height, insect resistance, different color shades, greater foot traffic tolerance, shade tolerance, and there’s a native grass that’s now available too. You name it there’s a grass that’s perfect for your project.

recovery and low surface hardness. It has an excellent recovery rate from damage and wear and has excellent sod strength due to a dense root system and tight runners. While being extremely heat tolerant, Celebration tolerates cooler temperatures while retaining its color. Celebration in both scientific studies and real life applications has a higher degree of shade tolerance than other bermudagrass variet-ies allowing it to stretch the normal limits of bermudagrass in shaded applications. From professional golf to the NFL, home lawns to sports fields, Celebration is a proven excellent choice for optimal performance and quality for Hawaii. Southern Turf in Hawaii grows Celebration Bermudagrass. For more infor- mation visit www.sodsolutions.com or www.southernturfhawaii.com.

Captiva™ St. Augustine Captiva ™ St. Augustinegrass is an im-

proved release from the University of Florida. Captiva offers a visual and dramatic improve-ment to the common St. Augustine grasses found throughout Hawaii. Captiva has a deep dark green color, shows resistance to the Southern Chinch Bug, and is very shade toler-ant. Unlike common St Augustine, Captiva is a true low-mow grass and is a slow vertical grower which greatly reduces the frequency of mowing. It grows well with minimum water once established. Captiva is a great low maintenance grass for many types of Hawai-ian landscapes. Hawaiian Turfgrass in Hawaii

MiniVerde® BermudagrassMiniVerde® Bermudagrass variety ‘P-18’ is a

high shoot density, stoloniferous bermudagrass for production of high quality golf greens. Mini-Verde tolerates continuous close mowing, has a dark green genetic color and excellent low tem-perature color retention. MiniVerde does not exhibit purple leaf coloration due to anthocyan-in production typical of Tifdwarf bermudagrass exposed to low, non-freezing temperatures.

MiniVerde will tolerate relatively high amounts of sodium and therefore is adapted for use with reclaimed water. MiniVerde also tolerates soil pH levels of from 5.5 to 9.0 but will perform best at pH 6.0 to 6.5. MiniVerde has few pest problems and tolerates close, frequent mowing. MiniVerde Bermudagrass is locally grown by Alii Turf Company. For more information visit www.aliiturf.com.

grows Captiva ™ St. Augustinegrass. For more information visit www.sodsolutions.com or www.hawaiianturfgrass.com.

BERMUDA GRASSESCelebration® Bermudagrass

Celebration® is a striking blue-green bermudagrass that offers proven excep-tional performance throughout Hawaii in a wide range of applications. Celebration ranked #1 in a comprehensive drought study and requires fewer inputs, making it an environmental-friendly grass to the sensitive Hawaiian landscape. Celebration has also received top ratings for wear tolerance, divot

Riviera BermudagrassRiviera Bermudagrass is an improved

common bermudagrass that was released in 2001. Unlike all of the hybrid selections, Riviera is grown from seed. This makes es-tablishment less labor intensive and is much less expensive. Riviera Bermuda has superior density, texture and color as compared to other improved common bermudagrass varieties. It is very wear tolerant and recov-ers quickly from damage making it an excellent choice for use on many sports field applications. Riviera has been use extensive-ly on golf courses, home lawns, roadsides, and almost every venue of sports. Riviera Bermudagrass is locally sold by Koolau Seed & Supply Co. and can be reached at (808) 239-1280.

Celebration® Bermudagrass MiniVerde® Bermudagrass

new paTenTed

oFFeR new opTions

TURF gRassesand a naTive gRass

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Riviera Bermudagrass EMPIRE Turf®TifGrand® Certified Bermudagrass

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 23THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

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LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 25THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

in-between, making it one of the most versatile options for everyone under the sun. TifGrand® is ideal for sports fields in stadiums and on school playing fields. It’s also well suited for home lawns and commercial properties where shade trees or buildings cast shadows for part of the day. Hawaiian Turfgrass is the exclusive TifGrand® certified grower in Hawaii. For more information visit www.tifgrand.com or locally www.hawaiianturfgrass.com.

ZOYSIAGRASSESWhere paspalum must be flushed with

fresh water to move the salts through the soil column, zoysia stores the salt in its leaf tissue. So, to remove salt from zoysiagrass, all you have to do is mow it and remove the clippings. It’s that easy. For its combination of low maintenance, low water, low fertilizer and easy removal of salts, Zoysia can be the future of turfgrass in Hawaii.

Geo™ Zoysia Jamur® Certified Zoysia

24 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013

EMPIRE Turf® EMPIRE Turf® is an improved medium-

bladed zoysia grass perfect for the Hawaiian climate as an alternative to El Toro and Myer zoysia, having less disease issues and a greater resistance to some problematic insects. EMPIRE Turf is known as “The Proven Zoysia Grass®” on the mainland and has been in Hawaii for several years. EMPIRE adapts to a wide range of soils and climates, is a drought tough turfgrass that grows particularly well in the soils of Hawaii. EMPIRE Turf is easy to mow and tolerates a wide range of mowing heights, as it can be mowed as low as ¼ inch and up to 2 inches

It is a standout performer for a wide variety of uses EMPIRE’s lush blue-green color and compact leaf growth make it visually ap-pealing while its hardwearing nature gives it outstanding durability. EMPIRE is the most viable medium-course zoysia for Hawaii. Southern Turf in Hawaii grows EMPIRE Turf. For more information on visit www.empire-turf.com, www.sodsolutions.com, or www.southernturfhawaii.com.

Geo™ Zoysia Geo™ Zoysia is an exciting fine-textured

Zoysia that will soon be available in Hawaii. A unique cross between a Zoysia Japonica and a Zoysia Tenuifolia, it offers an excellent alter-native to emerald zoysia. Geo has a beautiful emerald color, fine texture, is extremely wear tolerant and has minimal thatch. Geo is ex-tremely shade tolerant, it performs well with only a few hours of direct sunlight. These unique characteristics make Geo Zoysia an excellent choice for use in Hawaii from golf to homes, commercial applications and land-scapes of distinction. Geo Zoysia is grown by Southern Turf in Hawaii. For more informa-tion visit www.sodsolutions.com or www.southernturfhawaii.com.

JaMur® Certified ZoysiaJaMur Zoysia is the most drought tolerant

zoysia available. JaMur Zoysia produces a lush, dense turf and offers excellent recovery from traffic and wear. With its adaptability to full sun and moderate shade sites, JaMur is one of the most versatile turfgrass varieties available. JaMur Zoysia is a medium textured grass, similar in look to El Toro grass, but it’s a lot easier to manage, needing less water and less fertilizer. Its attractive blue-green color is the ideal choice for high visibility and high traf-fic residential and commercial applications. JaMur is considered by many to be the most versatile of all the warm-season turfgrass varieties. If there were ever a single turfgrass cultivar that every homeowner, landscape professional, and sod producer should be considering, JaMur Zoysiagrass is the one. Hawaiian Turfgrass is the exclusive JaMur Zoysia certified grower in Hawaii. For more information visit www.theturfgrassgroup.com or locally www.hawaiianturfgrass.com.

TifGrand® Certified Bermudagrass

TifGrand® is the world’s first Bermudagrass scientifically developed to produce a superior turf cover in full sun and to thrive in as little as five hours of direct sunlight per day. TifGrand® has a natural dark-green color even at lower fertility, promising to make it a very envi-ronmentally friendly grass. TifGrand® can be mowed very low, relatively high, or somewhere

Zeon® Certified Zoysia

Pili Grass SeaDwarf® Seashore Paspalum

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LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 25THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

in-between, making it one of the most versatile options for everyone under the sun. TifGrand® is ideal for sports fields in stadiums and on school playing fields. It’s also well suited for home lawns and commercial properties where shade trees or buildings cast shadows for part of the day. Hawaiian Turfgrass is the exclusive TifGrand® certified grower in Hawaii. For more information visit www.tifgrand.com or locally www.hawaiianturfgrass.com.

ZOYSIAGRASSESWhere paspalum must be flushed with

fresh water to move the salts through the soil column, zoysia stores the salt in its leaf tissue. So, to remove salt from zoysiagrass, all you have to do is mow it and remove the clippings. It’s that easy. For its combination of low maintenance, low water, low fertilizer and easy removal of salts, Zoysia can be the future of turfgrass in Hawaii.

Geo™ Zoysia Jamur® Certified Zoysia

24 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013

EMPIRE Turf® EMPIRE Turf® is an improved medium-

bladed zoysia grass perfect for the Hawaiian climate as an alternative to El Toro and Myer zoysia, having less disease issues and a greater resistance to some problematic insects. EMPIRE Turf is known as “The Proven Zoysia Grass®” on the mainland and has been in Hawaii for several years. EMPIRE adapts to a wide range of soils and climates, is a drought tough turfgrass that grows particularly well in the soils of Hawaii. EMPIRE Turf is easy to mow and tolerates a wide range of mowing heights, as it can be mowed as low as ¼ inch and up to 2 inches

It is a standout performer for a wide variety of uses EMPIRE’s lush blue-green color and compact leaf growth make it visually ap-pealing while its hardwearing nature gives it outstanding durability. EMPIRE is the most viable medium-course zoysia for Hawaii. Southern Turf in Hawaii grows EMPIRE Turf. For more information on visit www.empire-turf.com, www.sodsolutions.com, or www.southernturfhawaii.com.

Geo™ Zoysia Geo™ Zoysia is an exciting fine-textured

Zoysia that will soon be available in Hawaii. A unique cross between a Zoysia Japonica and a Zoysia Tenuifolia, it offers an excellent alter-native to emerald zoysia. Geo has a beautiful emerald color, fine texture, is extremely wear tolerant and has minimal thatch. Geo is ex-tremely shade tolerant, it performs well with only a few hours of direct sunlight. These unique characteristics make Geo Zoysia an excellent choice for use in Hawaii from golf to homes, commercial applications and land-scapes of distinction. Geo Zoysia is grown by Southern Turf in Hawaii. For more informa-tion visit www.sodsolutions.com or www.southernturfhawaii.com.

JaMur® Certified ZoysiaJaMur Zoysia is the most drought tolerant

zoysia available. JaMur Zoysia produces a lush, dense turf and offers excellent recovery from traffic and wear. With its adaptability to full sun and moderate shade sites, JaMur is one of the most versatile turfgrass varieties available. JaMur Zoysia is a medium textured grass, similar in look to El Toro grass, but it’s a lot easier to manage, needing less water and less fertilizer. Its attractive blue-green color is the ideal choice for high visibility and high traf-fic residential and commercial applications. JaMur is considered by many to be the most versatile of all the warm-season turfgrass varieties. If there were ever a single turfgrass cultivar that every homeowner, landscape professional, and sod producer should be considering, JaMur Zoysiagrass is the one. Hawaiian Turfgrass is the exclusive JaMur Zoysia certified grower in Hawaii. For more information visit www.theturfgrassgroup.com or locally www.hawaiianturfgrass.com.

TifGrand® Certified Bermudagrass

TifGrand® is the world’s first Bermudagrass scientifically developed to produce a superior turf cover in full sun and to thrive in as little as five hours of direct sunlight per day. TifGrand® has a natural dark-green color even at lower fertility, promising to make it a very envi-ronmentally friendly grass. TifGrand® can be mowed very low, relatively high, or somewhere

Zeon® Certified Zoysia

Pili Grass SeaDwarf® Seashore Paspalum

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26 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 27THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

03-10-09/0000229489

KOOLAU SEEDS & SUPPLY R 2.00 X 2.00

3009 PMP-PENARO Proofed By: jmahoney

Susan OwenManager

Contact

(808) 239-1280 Office

(808) 239-2151 Fax

E-mailowens001@hawaii.rr.com

48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744

Susan OwenManager

Contact

(808) 239-1280 Office

(808) 239-2151 Fax

E-mailowens001@hawaii.rr.com

48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744

By AlBert lOUie

WHy CerTIfICaTIon IS THe fuTure of Turf In HaWaIIBy Bill Carraway

Many industries offer consumers a variation on the Better Homes & Gardens Seal of Approval, a J.D.

Power rating, or some type of third-party verification that what they’re buying is the real deal. In the turf industry, our method is Certification. Here in Hawaii, grasses are certified by the Hawaii Department of Agriculture.

Why is this important? The hinge-pin to Certification is determining the genetic pu-rity of production fields of a given turfgrass variety.

Let’s look at El Toro Zoysia, for example, a long-time standard for lawn grass in Hawaii. Just a few years ago, the Patent for El Toro expired. Once a variety’s Patent expires there is no way to enforce Certi-fication requirements, thus any producer anywhere and at any time can expand production from any source, to any field, without the source field or the expansion field having to be inspected for off-type grasses and/or mutants within the popula-tion. Without Certification, there ceases to be any oversight as to the quality and purity of the grass that is being produced or purchased.

Several Certified turfgrass varieties are now available, or are in production, in Hawaii, for use on home laws. TifGrand Bermudagrass is available for sale now. This shade tolerant Bermuda well suited for lawns and sports fields. Zeon Zoysia is a fine textured, dense turf that will be available for sod sales in the summer of 2014. JaMur zoysia is a medium textured zoysiagreass similar in look to El Toro but requires fewer maintenance inputs.

Bill Carraway is Vice President of Marketing at The Turfgrass Group.

ceRTiFicaTion in hawaiiTURF gRass

The Hawaii Dept of Agriculture, Com-modities Branch of the Quality Assurance Division is the official designated agency

of the Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies (AOSCA) to certify vegetative propagated turf grasses such as Bermudas, Centipede, Zoysia, St. Augustine and Seashore Paspalum. The life of the stand for classes of founda-tion registered or certified turf grasses will continue as long as the varietal and mechanical purity for the class is maintained.

Why certify turf grasses? To assure buyers that they are getting the variety of turf grasses that is of genetic purity. It is usually a requirement by the licensing agency for turf grass varieties to be certified. Varieties that are certi-fied are usually Mainland certified or registered sod sprigs.

The following are procedures for the applicant to get the turf grass to be certified. The applicant will submit to the certifying agency (Hawaii Dept of Agriculture): the name and address of the applicant requesting for the service, the name of breeder of the variety, the variety name, the origin and breed-ing history of the variety, a detailed description of the morphological, physiological and other characteristics of the plants that distinguished it from other varieties, Note: This will be the description used by field inspectors to determine varietal purity, evidence (data, graphs, charts, pictures, etc.), supporting identity of the variety and any statements of claims made con-cerning its performance characteristics, (e.g. yield insect or disease tolerance, lodging). a statement delineating the geographical area of adaptation of the variety, procedure for maintaining the stock seed classes and number of

generations a variety may be multiplied, and the description of how the variety is to be constituted if a particular cycle of reproduction or multiplication is required.

Field Standards are the handling of the crop after planting and prior to in-spection, the field must be rogued and/or spot sprayed during the growing sea-son to remove (1)other varieties (2) other perennial grasses (3) most common weeds, (4) objectionable and noxious weeds in excess of agency standards.

Minimum of three inspections are required throughout the year of the same field. A field or portion of a field may be certified. Plantings of vegetative propa-gated turf grasses must be isolated from any other variety and other perennial grasses by an artificial barrier and/or strip at least six (6) feet wide to prevent mixing during the growing season and harvesting operation.

For Turf Standards Procedures – an official serially numbered certificate or tag will accompany each shipment of certified, sprigs, sod or plugs. A com-plete record on the amount of certified turf sales will be maintained and made available to the official of the Hawaii Department of Agriculture. The record will include (a) class of certified turf grass sold (Foundation, Registered or Certified), (b) kind and variety, (c) field number, (d) date of harvest, (e) amount of turf shipped (square feet, cubic feet, bushels, etc.).

Fees for this inspection include travel costs based on the current federal mile-age rate of 56.5 cents per mile and $38.00 per hour.

Albert Louie is the Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Inspection Specialist, Seed Cer-tification Director & Food Safety Auditing Coordinator for the Hawaii Department of Agriculture.

PERMEABLE PAVERS MAKE PROJECTS POSSIBLE

GO GREEN WITH THE AQUAPAVE PERMEABLE ON SITE STORMWATER SOURCE CONTROL SYSTEM

WHEN IT POURS …… IT STORES

BENEFITS NO SLOPING REQUIRED INFILTRATES UP TO 354 INCHES OF RUNOFF AN

HOUR ROOF WATER MANAGEMENT GROUNDWATER TABLE RECHARGING WATER HARVESTING OIL CONTAMINATES MANAGEMENT FILTERING & TREATMENT OF POLLUTANTS LOWER CONSTRUCTION & LIFE CYCLE COSTS 30-40 YEAR LIFESPAN SLIP AND SKID RESISTANT UP TO 12 LEED POINTS GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS CONSIDERED A BMP COMPLIES WITH NPDES PAVERS CAN BE ENGRAVED FOR FUNDRAISING

APPLICATIONS PARKING LOTS RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS COMMERCIAL ENTRANCES SIDEWALKS PLAZAS LOW SPEED RESIDENTIAL ROADS

FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT FUTURA STONE OF HAWAII

WWW.FUTURASTONEHAWAII.COM

841-7433 C23741

L1F® Certified ZoysiaL1F Zoysia is extremely fine textured,

ultra-exclusive, high-end, unique dwarf type Zoysiagrass unlike anything else com-mercially available. L1F Zoysia is extremely shade tolerant and is a great option for Sporting Fields and Golf Courses as it requires lower inputs compared to Bermuda and SeaShore Paspalum. For sports fields and golf courses requiring a fine blade Dwarf Zoysia variety, L1F Certified Zoysia is a great option. L1F is coming soon to Hawaiian Turfgrass in Hawaii. For more information visit www.theturfgrassgroup.com or locally www.hawaiianturfgrass.com.

Zeon® Certified ZoysiaA beautiful turfgrass, Zeon is a fine-bladed

Zoysiagrass, it has a beautiful dark green color and soft leaf texture making it a true “bare-foot lawn grass.” Zeon Zoysia is the golf grass of the Rio Olympics. Zeon Zoysia’s extensive root system allows it to quickly recover from drought, it can handle full sun, and has excel-lent shade tolerance only requiring as little as 3 hours of direct sunlight. Compared to Emerald, Zeon has a faster rate of spread. Ex-pect coverage from plugs on one foot centers in about twenty to twenty-four weeks which

is considerably faster than Emerald’s normal growth rate. Zeon does not produce the heavy layer of thatch, which makes Zeon easier to care for and can be mowed with a standard rotary lawnmower. If you are looking for a fine textured, dense turf with exceptional “eye appeal”, Zeon Zoysia is the grass for you. Ha-waiian Turfgrass is the exclusive Zeon Zoysia certified grower in Hawaii. For more informa-tion visit www.theturfgrassgroup.com or locally www.hawaiianturfgrass.com.

NATIVE GRASSPili Grass

Piligrass is a native grass and indigenous to Hawaii. It’s use is mainly as a no-mow type ground cover. It is an erect perennial native bunch grass and is found on all major islands. It mainly grows in arid and some-times rocky areas from sea level to over a thousand feet. Pili grass was once the main thatching material used by Polynesians for the construction of their homes. Under natural conditions in Hawaii, it grows between 1 to 3 feet in height., The long-awned seeds are sharp and pointed, forming tangled masses as they mature. This makes it very difficult to enter a mature stand of Pili grass. Pili grass is locally grown by Alii

Turf Company. For more information visit www.aliiturf.com.

PASPALUM GRASSSeaDwarf® Seashore Paspalum

SeaDwarf is the only true dwarf seashore pas-palum. SeaDwarf® is suited for use on golf cours-es tee-to-green and on sportsfields such as soccer, baseball, softball and football. If you’re looking for the finest texture, fastest ball roll, lowest mowing heights and tightest knit in a Seashore Paspalum, you’ve found it with SeaDwarf. SeaDwarf is the premium Seashore Paspalum turfgrass. SeaDwarf is locally grown by Alii Turf Company. For more information visit www.aliiturf.com.

The variety of new turf grasses offers new choices with unique characteristics. So next time you’re considering a turf grass for a proj-ect consider all the choices available today and contact the local turf grass representa-tives to help point you towards the turf grass that will work the best for your clients.

Chris Dacus compiled this article written by national and local turf grass experts and sup-pliers. Chris Dacus is a landscape architect and arborist for the Hawaii Department of Transpor-tation and the president of LICH.

26 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 27THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

03-10-09/0000229489

KOOLAU SEEDS & SUPPLY R 2.00 X 2.00

3009 PMP-PENARO Proofed By: jmahoney

Susan OwenManager

Contact

(808) 239-1280 Office

(808) 239-2151 Fax

E-mailowens001@hawaii.rr.com

48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744

Susan OwenManager

Contact

(808) 239-1280 Office

(808) 239-2151 Fax

E-mailowens001@hawaii.rr.com

48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744

By AlBert lOUie

WHy CerTIfICaTIon IS THe fuTure of Turf In HaWaIIBy Bill Carraway

Many industries offer consumers a variation on the Better Homes & Gardens Seal of Approval, a J.D.

Power rating, or some type of third-party verification that what they’re buying is the real deal. In the turf industry, our method is Certification. Here in Hawaii, grasses are certified by the Hawaii Department of Agriculture.

Why is this important? The hinge-pin to Certification is determining the genetic pu-rity of production fields of a given turfgrass variety.

Let’s look at El Toro Zoysia, for example, a long-time standard for lawn grass in Hawaii. Just a few years ago, the Patent for El Toro expired. Once a variety’s Patent expires there is no way to enforce Certi-fication requirements, thus any producer anywhere and at any time can expand production from any source, to any field, without the source field or the expansion field having to be inspected for off-type grasses and/or mutants within the popula-tion. Without Certification, there ceases to be any oversight as to the quality and purity of the grass that is being produced or purchased.

Several Certified turfgrass varieties are now available, or are in production, in Hawaii, for use on home laws. TifGrand Bermudagrass is available for sale now. This shade tolerant Bermuda well suited for lawns and sports fields. Zeon Zoysia is a fine textured, dense turf that will be available for sod sales in the summer of 2014. JaMur zoysia is a medium textured zoysiagreass similar in look to El Toro but requires fewer maintenance inputs.

Bill Carraway is Vice President of Marketing at The Turfgrass Group.

ceRTiFicaTion in hawaiiTURF gRass

The Hawaii Dept of Agriculture, Com-modities Branch of the Quality Assurance Division is the official designated agency

of the Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies (AOSCA) to certify vegetative propagated turf grasses such as Bermudas, Centipede, Zoysia, St. Augustine and Seashore Paspalum. The life of the stand for classes of founda-tion registered or certified turf grasses will continue as long as the varietal and mechanical purity for the class is maintained.

Why certify turf grasses? To assure buyers that they are getting the variety of turf grasses that is of genetic purity. It is usually a requirement by the licensing agency for turf grass varieties to be certified. Varieties that are certi-fied are usually Mainland certified or registered sod sprigs.

The following are procedures for the applicant to get the turf grass to be certified. The applicant will submit to the certifying agency (Hawaii Dept of Agriculture): the name and address of the applicant requesting for the service, the name of breeder of the variety, the variety name, the origin and breed-ing history of the variety, a detailed description of the morphological, physiological and other characteristics of the plants that distinguished it from other varieties, Note: This will be the description used by field inspectors to determine varietal purity, evidence (data, graphs, charts, pictures, etc.), supporting identity of the variety and any statements of claims made con-cerning its performance characteristics, (e.g. yield insect or disease tolerance, lodging). a statement delineating the geographical area of adaptation of the variety, procedure for maintaining the stock seed classes and number of

generations a variety may be multiplied, and the description of how the variety is to be constituted if a particular cycle of reproduction or multiplication is required.

Field Standards are the handling of the crop after planting and prior to in-spection, the field must be rogued and/or spot sprayed during the growing sea-son to remove (1)other varieties (2) other perennial grasses (3) most common weeds, (4) objectionable and noxious weeds in excess of agency standards.

Minimum of three inspections are required throughout the year of the same field. A field or portion of a field may be certified. Plantings of vegetative propa-gated turf grasses must be isolated from any other variety and other perennial grasses by an artificial barrier and/or strip at least six (6) feet wide to prevent mixing during the growing season and harvesting operation.

For Turf Standards Procedures – an official serially numbered certificate or tag will accompany each shipment of certified, sprigs, sod or plugs. A com-plete record on the amount of certified turf sales will be maintained and made available to the official of the Hawaii Department of Agriculture. The record will include (a) class of certified turf grass sold (Foundation, Registered or Certified), (b) kind and variety, (c) field number, (d) date of harvest, (e) amount of turf shipped (square feet, cubic feet, bushels, etc.).

Fees for this inspection include travel costs based on the current federal mile-age rate of 56.5 cents per mile and $38.00 per hour.

Albert Louie is the Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Inspection Specialist, Seed Cer-tification Director & Food Safety Auditing Coordinator for the Hawaii Department of Agriculture.

PERMEABLE PAVERS MAKE PROJECTS POSSIBLE

GO GREEN WITH THE AQUAPAVE PERMEABLE ON SITE STORMWATER SOURCE CONTROL SYSTEM

WHEN IT POURS …… IT STORES

BENEFITS NO SLOPING REQUIRED INFILTRATES UP TO 354 INCHES OF RUNOFF AN

HOUR ROOF WATER MANAGEMENT GROUNDWATER TABLE RECHARGING WATER HARVESTING OIL CONTAMINATES MANAGEMENT FILTERING & TREATMENT OF POLLUTANTS LOWER CONSTRUCTION & LIFE CYCLE COSTS 30-40 YEAR LIFESPAN SLIP AND SKID RESISTANT UP TO 12 LEED POINTS GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS CONSIDERED A BMP COMPLIES WITH NPDES PAVERS CAN BE ENGRAVED FOR FUNDRAISING

APPLICATIONS PARKING LOTS RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS COMMERCIAL ENTRANCES SIDEWALKS PLAZAS LOW SPEED RESIDENTIAL ROADS

FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT FUTURA STONE OF HAWAII

WWW.FUTURASTONEHAWAII.COM

841-7433 C23741

L1F® Certified ZoysiaL1F Zoysia is extremely fine textured,

ultra-exclusive, high-end, unique dwarf type Zoysiagrass unlike anything else com-mercially available. L1F Zoysia is extremely shade tolerant and is a great option for Sporting Fields and Golf Courses as it requires lower inputs compared to Bermuda and SeaShore Paspalum. For sports fields and golf courses requiring a fine blade Dwarf Zoysia variety, L1F Certified Zoysia is a great option. L1F is coming soon to Hawaiian Turfgrass in Hawaii. For more information visit www.theturfgrassgroup.com or locally www.hawaiianturfgrass.com.

Zeon® Certified ZoysiaA beautiful turfgrass, Zeon is a fine-bladed

Zoysiagrass, it has a beautiful dark green color and soft leaf texture making it a true “bare-foot lawn grass.” Zeon Zoysia is the golf grass of the Rio Olympics. Zeon Zoysia’s extensive root system allows it to quickly recover from drought, it can handle full sun, and has excel-lent shade tolerance only requiring as little as 3 hours of direct sunlight. Compared to Emerald, Zeon has a faster rate of spread. Ex-pect coverage from plugs on one foot centers in about twenty to twenty-four weeks which

is considerably faster than Emerald’s normal growth rate. Zeon does not produce the heavy layer of thatch, which makes Zeon easier to care for and can be mowed with a standard rotary lawnmower. If you are looking for a fine textured, dense turf with exceptional “eye appeal”, Zeon Zoysia is the grass for you. Ha-waiian Turfgrass is the exclusive Zeon Zoysia certified grower in Hawaii. For more informa-tion visit www.theturfgrassgroup.com or locally www.hawaiianturfgrass.com.

NATIVE GRASSPili Grass

Piligrass is a native grass and indigenous to Hawaii. It’s use is mainly as a no-mow type ground cover. It is an erect perennial native bunch grass and is found on all major islands. It mainly grows in arid and some-times rocky areas from sea level to over a thousand feet. Pili grass was once the main thatching material used by Polynesians for the construction of their homes. Under natural conditions in Hawaii, it grows between 1 to 3 feet in height., The long-awned seeds are sharp and pointed, forming tangled masses as they mature. This makes it very difficult to enter a mature stand of Pili grass. Pili grass is locally grown by Alii

Turf Company. For more information visit www.aliiturf.com.

PASPALUM GRASSSeaDwarf® Seashore Paspalum

SeaDwarf is the only true dwarf seashore pas-palum. SeaDwarf® is suited for use on golf cours-es tee-to-green and on sportsfields such as soccer, baseball, softball and football. If you’re looking for the finest texture, fastest ball roll, lowest mowing heights and tightest knit in a Seashore Paspalum, you’ve found it with SeaDwarf. SeaDwarf is the premium Seashore Paspalum turfgrass. SeaDwarf is locally grown by Alii Turf Company. For more information visit www.aliiturf.com.

The variety of new turf grasses offers new choices with unique characteristics. So next time you’re considering a turf grass for a proj-ect consider all the choices available today and contact the local turf grass representa-tives to help point you towards the turf grass that will work the best for your clients.

Chris Dacus compiled this article written by national and local turf grass experts and sup-pliers. Chris Dacus is a landscape architect and arborist for the Hawaii Department of Transpor-tation and the president of LICH.

28 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 29THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

P H Y L L I S J O N E S

TIPStool

waRRanTydoes noT meangUaRRanTy

HAPPY NEW YEAR READERS!! Are you off to a good start? Let’s all commit to becoming more knowledgeable about what we do and

how we can do it better. I’m ready to help in any way that I can, so if you have ques-tions, feel free to ask. For this issue, let’s start with everyone’s favorite topic, when is a warranty not a warranty?

WARRANTY DOES NOT MEAN

GUARRANTY

The story I am about to tell is true. Earlier this year I was making a sales call to an experienced, professional land-scaper. He had purchased a chain saw one month earlier, and I asked him how the saw was working. It is here that the story begins. After purchasing the saw, he explained that they brought it back to their shop, took it out of the box, and put fuel in it. They went to start the saw; it started but would die when they tried to “rev” it up. They tried several times and the same thing happened; no high rpms. They took it back to the dealer, explained the problem and they were told to leave the saw. It would be checked out. Three weeks later, they got a call; the saw was fixed. It was a problem with a kink in the fuel line. Situation corrected — problem solved. Warranty would cover the repair.

They picked it up and took it back to their job site.

They

started it up and could not get full throttle. Back it went to the dealer. After a few days, he got a call from the dealer—the saw is ready. It was at this point that I happened to be in the dealer’s shop, and there was a discussion about whether the second visit was warrantable. The shop found internal problems with the carburetor, and made the necessary repairs.

What do you think — was the second visit covered under war-ranty? Let’s break it down. War-ranty covers a defect in parts or workmanship from the factory. So does the second visit con-stitute a warranty situation? Should both situations be warranty? First, the saw was not started at the shop. There was no way to determine if the “fuel line problem” was a defect from the factory. If it had been started, with both

parties present, at the time of purchase,

the

first problem should have been discov-ered before the saw left. The second problem –carburetor—would also have been caught at that time, prior to the saw leaving. Once the saw left after the first repair, there were the usual ques-tions about whether carburetor failure is a legitimate warranty claim. There could be questions about other factors which may affect carbure-tor performance; fuel, application. Did anyone “play” with the adjustments? (In general, as long as the equip-ment is running correctly at the time of purchase, and there have been no service bulletins about problems with that particular model of equipment, warranty would not apply.) Of course there are times when it is a 50-50 call.

There are also situations where there are parts

replacements (recalls) even

outside the warranty pe-

riod. These are

usually safety related issues, and these are covered under warranty.

So what happens next? Is a shouting match that turns ugly, the next step? More often than not, other factors come into play — what is the customer’s history with the shop; how knowledgeable, expe-rienced, and skillful is the mechanic and/or salesperson who is dealing with the customer. Of course we are looking for a

win-win resolution. As sales people, we all want to, and need to, keep

our customers happy. But at the same time custom-

ers need to be self-protective by being

knowledgeable about what they

are buying, so that

they can justify

why they are requesting

warranty. (Dealers can only get paid by the factory

for warranty claims if they can justify the claim to the manufacturer.) For example, in this situation, if the warranty period is 2 years, and there were carburetor prob-lems 6 months after the date of purchase, I doubt that the carburetor would be cov-ered under warranty. If the same problem appeared when the equipment came out of the box, and the shop’s fuel was used, it would be more likely that the carburetor would be covered under warranty.

No customer wants to buy equipment that is broken; and no dealer is trying to sell a customer a broken piece of equip-ment. Each party must do their share and hold some responsibility. How do you think this story ended? What would have been an adequate resolution for you?

Next issue we will be looking at some of the new trends in the industry, and where does it fit in to your operation.

Phyllis Jones is with A to Z Equipment and Sales, formally A to Z Rental Center, in busi-ness for over 25 years.

28 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 29THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

P H Y L L I S J O N E S

TIPStool

waRRanTydoes noT meangUaRRanTy

HAPPY NEW YEAR READERS!! Are you off to a good start? Let’s all commit to becoming more knowledgeable about what we do and

how we can do it better. I’m ready to help in any way that I can, so if you have ques-tions, feel free to ask. For this issue, let’s start with everyone’s favorite topic, when is a warranty not a warranty?

WARRANTY DOES NOT MEAN

GUARRANTY

The story I am about to tell is true. Earlier this year I was making a sales call to an experienced, professional land-scaper. He had purchased a chain saw one month earlier, and I asked him how the saw was working. It is here that the story begins. After purchasing the saw, he explained that they brought it back to their shop, took it out of the box, and put fuel in it. They went to start the saw; it started but would die when they tried to “rev” it up. They tried several times and the same thing happened; no high rpms. They took it back to the dealer, explained the problem and they were told to leave the saw. It would be checked out. Three weeks later, they got a call; the saw was fixed. It was a problem with a kink in the fuel line. Situation corrected — problem solved. Warranty would cover the repair.

They picked it up and took it back to their job site.

They

started it up and could not get full throttle. Back it went to the dealer. After a few days, he got a call from the dealer—the saw is ready. It was at this point that I happened to be in the dealer’s shop, and there was a discussion about whether the second visit was warrantable. The shop found internal problems with the carburetor, and made the necessary repairs.

What do you think — was the second visit covered under war-ranty? Let’s break it down. War-ranty covers a defect in parts or workmanship from the factory. So does the second visit con-stitute a warranty situation? Should both situations be warranty? First, the saw was not started at the shop. There was no way to determine if the “fuel line problem” was a defect from the factory. If it had been started, with both

parties present, at the time of purchase,

the

first problem should have been discov-ered before the saw left. The second problem –carburetor—would also have been caught at that time, prior to the saw leaving. Once the saw left after the first repair, there were the usual ques-tions about whether carburetor failure is a legitimate warranty claim. There could be questions about other factors which may affect carbure-tor performance; fuel, application. Did anyone “play” with the adjustments? (In general, as long as the equip-ment is running correctly at the time of purchase, and there have been no service bulletins about problems with that particular model of equipment, warranty would not apply.) Of course there are times when it is a 50-50 call.

There are also situations where there are parts

replacements (recalls) even

outside the warranty pe-

riod. These are

usually safety related issues, and these are covered under warranty.

So what happens next? Is a shouting match that turns ugly, the next step? More often than not, other factors come into play — what is the customer’s history with the shop; how knowledgeable, expe-rienced, and skillful is the mechanic and/or salesperson who is dealing with the customer. Of course we are looking for a

win-win resolution. As sales people, we all want to, and need to, keep

our customers happy. But at the same time custom-

ers need to be self-protective by being

knowledgeable about what they

are buying, so that

they can justify

why they are requesting

warranty. (Dealers can only get paid by the factory

for warranty claims if they can justify the claim to the manufacturer.) For example, in this situation, if the warranty period is 2 years, and there were carburetor prob-lems 6 months after the date of purchase, I doubt that the carburetor would be cov-ered under warranty. If the same problem appeared when the equipment came out of the box, and the shop’s fuel was used, it would be more likely that the carburetor would be covered under warranty.

No customer wants to buy equipment that is broken; and no dealer is trying to sell a customer a broken piece of equip-ment. Each party must do their share and hold some responsibility. How do you think this story ended? What would have been an adequate resolution for you?

Next issue we will be looking at some of the new trends in the industry, and where does it fit in to your operation.

Phyllis Jones is with A to Z Equipment and Sales, formally A to Z Rental Center, in busi-ness for over 25 years.

30 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 31THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

The new website is available on your mobile device, taking the ease of doing business to a whole new level. It provides the highest quality support at your convenience – anytime, anywhere, when you need it!

Obtain a Quick Quote / Browse Equipment /

Find a Local Rental Store

800-543-6916

Equipment Rental Just Got Even

EASIER from

HAWTHORNE Rent-It Service

www.catrentalstore.com/hawthorne-rent-it-service

All the information you need is

RIGHT AT YOUR FINGERTIPS.

quick session: 1cReaTingmeaningFRom namesBy KeKUHi KeAli‘iKAnAKA‘OleOHAililAni

We’re going to have a quick sesh (session) and debrief here be-fore we jump into the real article.

So, who rushed out and searched Puku‘i & Handy’s Hawaiian Dictionary or wehewehe.org to understand the notion of “Mahina Lā‘au”? No worries. We’ll do it together. Let’s see what WE can conjure up in terms of a broad image and nomenclature (image not so much definition) for Mahina Lā‘au. (btw: Lā‘au is spelled with a macron over the first “a”). Go to wehewehe.org as we step through this.

mahi - to cultivate; a farm; a farmer; planta-tion patch; Cf. mahi‘ai, mahina, mahiku (hint: always good to look up the Cf.’s)

mahina -moon, month, moonlight; 2. crescent shaped fishhook; 3. eye of the snail at the end of its horn; 4. farm, plantation, patch; 5. variety of onion similar to silver onion; 6. a variety of sweet potato (you see, I didn't know this one!)

Lā‘au - tree, plant, timber, wood, stick, pole, rod, splinter, thicket, club, blow of a club, strength, rigidness, hardness, male erection, to have formed mature wood as of a seedling, woody, wooden, stiff as wood; 2. medicine, medical; 3. lump or knot in the flesh, to feel such a knot or stiffness; 4. picture frame; 5. general word for canoe endpiece; 6. for nights of the moon beginning with Lā‘au, see malo, 31, 35(la'aukukahi, Lā‘aukulua, Lā‘aupau)

Now, here’s OUR broader image. You with me?

Mahina Lā‘au - cultivator of plants/trees....kay, straight forward enough. Here’s where we start broadening. Having fun now...

Mahina Lā‘au - cultivator of medicine (to ingest, for the mind, body, for the land). Now, you see the potential implications of the name. All of sudden we’re not only beau-tifying or designing for the visual aesthetic or the functional aesthetic. Now we’re co-cre-ating for the purpose of healing mind, body, spirit, of both the kanaka and the land-sky-ocean connection. NO WONDER Lā‘au also means a lump or to feel a knot and stiffness! You’re working two honua-s (bodies) at once! Go get that lomi you sooooo deserve!!

Mahina Lā‘au - to farm with the intent to strengthen like a tree.

Mahina Lā‘au - the Lā‘au moon phases.

Mahina Lā‘au - medicine cultivated in the reflection of the moon. To cultivate Lā‘au, which is a very MALE image, (if you missed that one) in the reflection of the moon, which is a very female image, brings the “doer”, you, into a wonderful balance while creating balance. Now, that’s good stuff! And, lastly, for now,

Mahina Lā‘au - trees, plants, medicine, Lā‘au moons

So who is the Mahina Lā‘au? The cultiva-tor of plants, trees, medicine, who pulls from and depends on both the male energies of the image of Lā‘au (this is not to say that all Lā‘au are male, the visual representation is) and the female energies of the moon, for the purpose of ________; you fill in the rest.

You see, to grasp the Hawai‘i-ness of the term, this process is necessary. It is THE #2 priority investment when creating your intimate and embodied relationship with the Hawai'i uni-verse. Ultimately, when you are curious enough to investigate, deconstruct, and reconstruct the

nomenclature or story of a Hawai‘i name for a plant, person, place, or elemen-tal phenomenon, even at the most rudimentary level, what magically happens is the emergence of a bigger, brighter image of the name. This process of deconstruction and rebuilding is called “makawalu” (by my Mom, Pua Kanahele). Makawalu means to engage multiple perspectives. Try it! Try it with plant names, wind names, place names. I know you want to! See told you it was a quick one. Now, the real article.

Rick Quinn provides the prompt for this issue’s Hawai-‘icology thoughts. Mahalo Rick and Heidi Bornhorst for your inquiries.

Chris,

I really like the column by Kekuhi Keali’ikanaka‘oleohaililani at the back of the Jan/Feb LICH mag. Now I know I’m a Mahina lā‘au !

Using plants in landscaping with an under-standing of their connection to the current and past culture of Hawaii is important to me, and the new column looks like it will provide some great information along those lines.

I think we should be using more native ferns in our landscapes. Can you please pass on to Kekuhi to consider including some discussion of native Hawaiian ferns and their place in Hawaiian culture and use.

Thanks.

Rick Quinn

ICOLOGYhawai‘-

EMBODyING THE HAWAII UNIvERSE

Our Palai CommunityWho is the first plant to pop up on a lava

flow? Who are the plants you might find in and around fresh water sources, whether a spring, a river, a cave, big cracks, or the side of a water worn pali? Who are the plants most used by hula people (watch Merrie Monarch kahiko night)? Who is one of the significant seed nurseries of the forest? And, here’s the $1,000.00 Jeopardy question: She was Hi‘iaka-i-ka-poli-o-Pele’s companion and totem in the story of Pele and Hi‘iaka. Answer: “Who is Pa‘u o Palai”.

Palai, the fern. The appear-er, disappear-er, and reappear-er of all manner of forest. They are the dinosaurs of our plant communities...well, maybe except for some fungi or mosses. These monocots (is that right?) pack some punch in terms of Hawai‘i practice, func-tion, and veneration. In the Hawai‘i family

system, if you are the first born, you’re the hiapo, the eldest, the boss of the family.

No difference with our plant family. I wonder if we’ve considered the palai

or the fern to be THE HIAPO of the forest because she/he is the first to appear on a lava flow? Most times we don’t. She’s not the biggest, doesn't have attractive flowers, and doesn’t get the headlines in terms of lists, yet, the palai IS the HIAPO, the elder sibling of all

the major forest communities on the ‘aina, landscape. The exception

might be the higher and lower “wao” or natural land divisions, but of course I

don’t know EVERYTHING :)The palai is the initiator and the

invigorator and has more longevity then some of the other vegetation that we use in hula, which is why we use palai. The idea of palai is to make soft, flexible, malleable. The magic of the palapalai, pala‘a, ‘iwa‘iwa is that their softness and the subtlety of their scent is deceiving. They are prolific in their reproduction. Which is the reason we use palai in ritual: in hula rituals, in farming, planting and harvesting rituals, in revivification, at funerals, in Makahiki rituals, in healing rituals. In ritual, to have the fern present, is just like having your family’s oldest Aunty at the dinner table. It’s a recognition of the genesis, the rigor, and the fragility of life. In our traditions, we have very strict harvesting rules for ferns because my negligence in the treatment of the palai will have serious repercussions on the health of the forest, not to mention my spirit. Whoa!

The palai people, whether you’re working with hapu‘u or kupukupu or ‘ekaha or amau‘u, peahi, or moa, have multi-functional uses. Aside from the instilling the ideas of profundity, flexibility,

and origins, we also use the fern people for weaving, for dyeing for scent, for medicine, for bandaids, for lei making, for food, and for cloth printing. We've indigenized some of the introduced ferns into our practices because...well, why not. And because of their general usefulness in attracting metaphysical outcomes, as well as functional outcomes.

So, is the fern significant in Hawai'i prac-tice? YES, undoubtedly! If you want to at-tract or impose the characteristics of the fern that I mentioned above into your landscape, go out and simply observe how this unas-suming plant community interacts with the other people of ka (the) nahele (bushes). Get the digest sized Fern Book. I looooove that one. Keep it in my car.

Anyway, remember the $1,000.00 Jeopardy question about Hi‘iaka and Pa‘uopalai? We’ll, there’s a great story! But, I’ve gone over my word limit. I’ll leave you with a smidgin of the importance of Pa‘uopalai to Hi‘iaka. The Pele is the lava. So there’s your landscape. She is the older sister of Hi‘iaka which means, the land is required for Hi‘iaka to do her job. Hi‘iaka’s function is the green-ing of the landscape. Pa‘uopalai or the “clothing of ferns” is the totem and companion of Hi‘iaka. Which means Pa‘uopalai is a necessary com-panion of Hi‘iaka because________? Why?

If you have inquiries to prompt our next topic of discussion, you may send them directly to me, at ohaililani@gmail.com.

I am Kekuhi Kanae Kanahele Keali'ikanakaoleohaililani. My paternal family ties are to Keleikini of Kaua‘i, Nauoho of Hana, Maui. My maternal family ties are to Ahiena of Puna, Keali‘ikanakaole of Ka‘u, and

Kanaele-Kenao of Kohala. Learning about and engaging with my relations in nature, from Hawaiinui, Hawaii-iki, Hawaiipamamao (this Hawaii, the Hawaii within, and the Hawaii beyond the horizon), thoroughly excites me. Cultivating relationships and

making ecological connections for myself and others is my gift and my

passion.

30 LANDSCAPE HAWAII MARCH | APRIL 2013 LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 31THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

The new website is available on your mobile device, taking the ease of doing business to a whole new level. It provides the highest quality support at your convenience – anytime, anywhere, when you need it!

Obtain a Quick Quote / Browse Equipment /

Find a Local Rental Store

800-543-6916

Equipment Rental Just Got Even

EASIER from

HAWTHORNE Rent-It Service

www.catrentalstore.com/hawthorne-rent-it-service

All the information you need is

RIGHT AT YOUR FINGERTIPS.

quick session: 1cReaTingmeaningFRom namesBy KeKUHi KeAli‘iKAnAKA‘OleOHAililAni

We’re going to have a quick sesh (session) and debrief here be-fore we jump into the real article.

So, who rushed out and searched Puku‘i & Handy’s Hawaiian Dictionary or wehewehe.org to understand the notion of “Mahina Lā‘au”? No worries. We’ll do it together. Let’s see what WE can conjure up in terms of a broad image and nomenclature (image not so much definition) for Mahina Lā‘au. (btw: Lā‘au is spelled with a macron over the first “a”). Go to wehewehe.org as we step through this.

mahi - to cultivate; a farm; a farmer; planta-tion patch; Cf. mahi‘ai, mahina, mahiku (hint: always good to look up the Cf.’s)

mahina -moon, month, moonlight; 2. crescent shaped fishhook; 3. eye of the snail at the end of its horn; 4. farm, plantation, patch; 5. variety of onion similar to silver onion; 6. a variety of sweet potato (you see, I didn't know this one!)

Lā‘au - tree, plant, timber, wood, stick, pole, rod, splinter, thicket, club, blow of a club, strength, rigidness, hardness, male erection, to have formed mature wood as of a seedling, woody, wooden, stiff as wood; 2. medicine, medical; 3. lump or knot in the flesh, to feel such a knot or stiffness; 4. picture frame; 5. general word for canoe endpiece; 6. for nights of the moon beginning with Lā‘au, see malo, 31, 35(la'aukukahi, Lā‘aukulua, Lā‘aupau)

Now, here’s OUR broader image. You with me?

Mahina Lā‘au - cultivator of plants/trees....kay, straight forward enough. Here’s where we start broadening. Having fun now...

Mahina Lā‘au - cultivator of medicine (to ingest, for the mind, body, for the land). Now, you see the potential implications of the name. All of sudden we’re not only beau-tifying or designing for the visual aesthetic or the functional aesthetic. Now we’re co-cre-ating for the purpose of healing mind, body, spirit, of both the kanaka and the land-sky-ocean connection. NO WONDER Lā‘au also means a lump or to feel a knot and stiffness! You’re working two honua-s (bodies) at once! Go get that lomi you sooooo deserve!!

Mahina Lā‘au - to farm with the intent to strengthen like a tree.

Mahina Lā‘au - the Lā‘au moon phases.

Mahina Lā‘au - medicine cultivated in the reflection of the moon. To cultivate Lā‘au, which is a very MALE image, (if you missed that one) in the reflection of the moon, which is a very female image, brings the “doer”, you, into a wonderful balance while creating balance. Now, that’s good stuff! And, lastly, for now,

Mahina Lā‘au - trees, plants, medicine, Lā‘au moons

So who is the Mahina Lā‘au? The cultiva-tor of plants, trees, medicine, who pulls from and depends on both the male energies of the image of Lā‘au (this is not to say that all Lā‘au are male, the visual representation is) and the female energies of the moon, for the purpose of ________; you fill in the rest.

You see, to grasp the Hawai‘i-ness of the term, this process is necessary. It is THE #2 priority investment when creating your intimate and embodied relationship with the Hawai'i uni-verse. Ultimately, when you are curious enough to investigate, deconstruct, and reconstruct the

nomenclature or story of a Hawai‘i name for a plant, person, place, or elemen-tal phenomenon, even at the most rudimentary level, what magically happens is the emergence of a bigger, brighter image of the name. This process of deconstruction and rebuilding is called “makawalu” (by my Mom, Pua Kanahele). Makawalu means to engage multiple perspectives. Try it! Try it with plant names, wind names, place names. I know you want to! See told you it was a quick one. Now, the real article.

Rick Quinn provides the prompt for this issue’s Hawai-‘icology thoughts. Mahalo Rick and Heidi Bornhorst for your inquiries.

Chris,

I really like the column by Kekuhi Keali’ikanaka‘oleohaililani at the back of the Jan/Feb LICH mag. Now I know I’m a Mahina lā‘au !

Using plants in landscaping with an under-standing of their connection to the current and past culture of Hawaii is important to me, and the new column looks like it will provide some great information along those lines.

I think we should be using more native ferns in our landscapes. Can you please pass on to Kekuhi to consider including some discussion of native Hawaiian ferns and their place in Hawaiian culture and use.

Thanks.

Rick Quinn

ICOLOGYhawai‘-

EMBODyING THE HAWAII UNIvERSE

Our Palai CommunityWho is the first plant to pop up on a lava

flow? Who are the plants you might find in and around fresh water sources, whether a spring, a river, a cave, big cracks, or the side of a water worn pali? Who are the plants most used by hula people (watch Merrie Monarch kahiko night)? Who is one of the significant seed nurseries of the forest? And, here’s the $1,000.00 Jeopardy question: She was Hi‘iaka-i-ka-poli-o-Pele’s companion and totem in the story of Pele and Hi‘iaka. Answer: “Who is Pa‘u o Palai”.

Palai, the fern. The appear-er, disappear-er, and reappear-er of all manner of forest. They are the dinosaurs of our plant communities...well, maybe except for some fungi or mosses. These monocots (is that right?) pack some punch in terms of Hawai‘i practice, func-tion, and veneration. In the Hawai‘i family

system, if you are the first born, you’re the hiapo, the eldest, the boss of the family.

No difference with our plant family. I wonder if we’ve considered the palai

or the fern to be THE HIAPO of the forest because she/he is the first to appear on a lava flow? Most times we don’t. She’s not the biggest, doesn't have attractive flowers, and doesn’t get the headlines in terms of lists, yet, the palai IS the HIAPO, the elder sibling of all

the major forest communities on the ‘aina, landscape. The exception

might be the higher and lower “wao” or natural land divisions, but of course I

don’t know EVERYTHING :)The palai is the initiator and the

invigorator and has more longevity then some of the other vegetation that we use in hula, which is why we use palai. The idea of palai is to make soft, flexible, malleable. The magic of the palapalai, pala‘a, ‘iwa‘iwa is that their softness and the subtlety of their scent is deceiving. They are prolific in their reproduction. Which is the reason we use palai in ritual: in hula rituals, in farming, planting and harvesting rituals, in revivification, at funerals, in Makahiki rituals, in healing rituals. In ritual, to have the fern present, is just like having your family’s oldest Aunty at the dinner table. It’s a recognition of the genesis, the rigor, and the fragility of life. In our traditions, we have very strict harvesting rules for ferns because my negligence in the treatment of the palai will have serious repercussions on the health of the forest, not to mention my spirit. Whoa!

The palai people, whether you’re working with hapu‘u or kupukupu or ‘ekaha or amau‘u, peahi, or moa, have multi-functional uses. Aside from the instilling the ideas of profundity, flexibility,

and origins, we also use the fern people for weaving, for dyeing for scent, for medicine, for bandaids, for lei making, for food, and for cloth printing. We've indigenized some of the introduced ferns into our practices because...well, why not. And because of their general usefulness in attracting metaphysical outcomes, as well as functional outcomes.

So, is the fern significant in Hawai'i prac-tice? YES, undoubtedly! If you want to at-tract or impose the characteristics of the fern that I mentioned above into your landscape, go out and simply observe how this unas-suming plant community interacts with the other people of ka (the) nahele (bushes). Get the digest sized Fern Book. I looooove that one. Keep it in my car.

Anyway, remember the $1,000.00 Jeopardy question about Hi‘iaka and Pa‘uopalai? We’ll, there’s a great story! But, I’ve gone over my word limit. I’ll leave you with a smidgin of the importance of Pa‘uopalai to Hi‘iaka. The Pele is the lava. So there’s your landscape. She is the older sister of Hi‘iaka which means, the land is required for Hi‘iaka to do her job. Hi‘iaka’s function is the green-ing of the landscape. Pa‘uopalai or the “clothing of ferns” is the totem and companion of Hi‘iaka. Which means Pa‘uopalai is a necessary com-panion of Hi‘iaka because________? Why?

If you have inquiries to prompt our next topic of discussion, you may send them directly to me, at ohaililani@gmail.com.

I am Kekuhi Kanae Kanahele Keali'ikanakaoleohaililani. My paternal family ties are to Keleikini of Kaua‘i, Nauoho of Hana, Maui. My maternal family ties are to Ahiena of Puna, Keali‘ikanakaole of Ka‘u, and

Kanaele-Kenao of Kohala. Learning about and engaging with my relations in nature, from Hawaiinui, Hawaii-iki, Hawaiipamamao (this Hawaii, the Hawaii within, and the Hawaii beyond the horizon), thoroughly excites me. Cultivating relationships and

making ecological connections for myself and others is my gift and my

passion.

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