lich landscape hawaii magazine - november/december 2013 issue
DESCRIPTION
LICH Landscape Hawaii Magazine - November/December 2013 Issue Stories: Sustainability Awards, Conference Features Student Work, NOAA Pacific Regional Center, Mango Relatives, Plant Pono, Pesticides vs Biocontrols, Turfgrass Selection, Tree Diversity, The mission of the LICH Landscape Hawaii magazine is to support LICH’s mission to build industry unity by promoting high standards and professionalism through education, training, and certification and by providing a forum for the sharing of information and celebrating the success of its members. www.hawaiiscape.com www.facebook.com/hawaiiscape www.twitter.com/hawaiiscapeTRANSCRIPT
Landscape Industry Council of Hawai’iP. O. Box 22938 Honolulu HI 96823-2938
Landscape Industry Council of Hawai’iP. O. Box 22938 Honolulu HI 96823-2938
PRESORTEDSTANDARD
U.S. POSTAGE PAIDHONOLULU, HI
PERMIT NO. 1023NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013
T h E V O i C E O f h A W A i i ’ S G R E E N i N D U S T R Y $5.00
NOAA PAcific RegiONAl ceNteRADAPTIVE REUSE, GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE, CULTURE, AND NATIVE PLANTS COME TOGETHER
cONfeReNce feAtuRes studeNtReseARch
sustAiNAbility AwARds
MORe MANgOs!
FIRST STUDENT POSTER COMPETITION ENDS IN A TIE
FOUR INDUSTRy LEADERS HONORED AT THE LICH SUSTAINAbILITy AwARDS
MEET THE MANGO RELATIVES
2 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 3THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
PERMEABLE PAVERS MAKE PROJECTS POSSIBLE
GO GREEN WITH THE AQUAPAVE PERMEABLE ON SITE STORMWATER SOURCE CONTROL SYSTEM
WHEN IT POURS …… IT STORES
BENEFITS NO SLOPING REQUIRED INFILTRATES UP TO 354 INCHES OF RUNOFF AN
HOUR ROOF WATER MANAGEMENT GROUNDWATER TABLE RECHARGING WATER HARVESTING OIL CONTAMINATES MANAGEMENT FILTERING & TREATMENT OF POLLUTANTS LOWER CONSTRUCTION & LIFE CYCLE COSTS 30-40 YEAR LIFESPAN SLIP AND SKID RESISTANT UP TO 12 LEED POINTS GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS CONSIDERED A BMP COMPLIES WITH NPDES PAVERS CAN BE ENGRAVED FOR FUNDRAISING
APPLICATIONS PARKING LOTS RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS COMMERCIAL ENTRANCES SIDEWALKS PLAZAS LOW SPEED RESIDENTIAL ROADS
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT FUTURA STONE OF HAWAII
WWW.FUTURASTONEHAWAII.COM
841-7433 C23741
WWW.NETAFIMUSA.COM
BUY PROVEN RELIABILITYWith millions of miles of Netafi m subsurface dripline installed in the U.S., why buy an unproven product?Techline® CV emitters provide reliable, worry-free operation. Here’s why:■ Continuous self-fl ushing design and anti-siphon feature prevent clogging■ Physical root barrier eliminates chemical additives; can be buried
■ Flow rates for every soil type■ Built-in check valve for high or low pressures■ Use one dripline for all installations
BUILT-IN PHYSICAL ROOT BARRIER NO CHEMICALS, NO COPPER GIMMICKS
BUILT-IN PHYSICAL ROOT BARRIERNO CHEMICALS, NO COPPER GIMMICKS
IT’S WHAT’S INSIDE THAT COUNTS
Hawaii.Lndscp_6.875x4.625_11-13.indd 1 9/25/13 11:24 AM
DEPARTMENTS
4 PRESIDENT’S MEMO
4 LICH NEWS
23 NATIVE PEST
24 TURFGRASS
27 TOOL TIPS
30 HAWAII-ICOLOGY
FEATURES
10 SUSTAIABILITY AWARDS
15 KAURI TREE
17 HORTICULTURE MEETS HAWAIIAN CULTURE
21 PLANT PONO
26 HAWAII’S BERMUDA TRIANGLE
28 EXPANDING TREE DIVERSITY
COVER STORIES
6 LICH CONFERENCE AND TRADE SHOW
12 NOAA
18 MORE MANGOS!
15
Formed in June 1986, the Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘i is a state wide alliance representing Hawaii’s landscape associations: Aloha Arborist Association, American Society of Landscape Architects Hawaii Chapter, Hawaii Association of Nurserymen, Hawaii Island Landscape Association, Hawaii Landscape and Irrigation Contractors, Hawaii Society of Urban Forestry Professionals, Kauai Landscape Industry Council, Maui Association of Landscape Professionals, Professional Grounds Management Society, Big Island Association of Nurserymen, and the Hawaii Professional Gardeners Association.
Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘iP. O. Box 22938, Honolulu HI 96823-2938
EditorChristopher A. [email protected]
Advertising SalesMichael [email protected]: 595-4124
MembershipCheryl M. [email protected]
DesignerDarrell Ishida
Cover PhotoPhoto by Orville Baldos
2 0 1 3 b O A R D O F D I R E C T O R S
Chris Dacus Brandon AuPresident Vice PresidentMatt Lyum Rick QuinnTreasurer Secretary
Aaron Agsalda Chris McCulloughOrville Baldos Clifford MigitaChuck Chimera Karen OstborgCarl Evensen Edmundo ReyesRandy Liu Mark SuisoChristy Martin Josh Sand
Director EmeritusJay Deputy Steve NimzLelan Nishek Boyd ReadyGarrett Webb
Website SponsorsSharon’s Nursery, Ltd. Geotech Solutions, Inc.
Platinum SponsorHawaiian Turfgrass.
MAHALO TO LICH SPONSORS
2 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 3THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
PERMEABLE PAVERS MAKE PROJECTS POSSIBLE
GO GREEN WITH THE AQUAPAVE PERMEABLE ON SITE STORMWATER SOURCE CONTROL SYSTEM
WHEN IT POURS …… IT STORES
BENEFITS NO SLOPING REQUIRED INFILTRATES UP TO 354 INCHES OF RUNOFF AN
HOUR ROOF WATER MANAGEMENT GROUNDWATER TABLE RECHARGING WATER HARVESTING OIL CONTAMINATES MANAGEMENT FILTERING & TREATMENT OF POLLUTANTS LOWER CONSTRUCTION & LIFE CYCLE COSTS 30-40 YEAR LIFESPAN SLIP AND SKID RESISTANT UP TO 12 LEED POINTS GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS CONSIDERED A BMP COMPLIES WITH NPDES PAVERS CAN BE ENGRAVED FOR FUNDRAISING
APPLICATIONS PARKING LOTS RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS COMMERCIAL ENTRANCES SIDEWALKS PLAZAS LOW SPEED RESIDENTIAL ROADS
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT FUTURA STONE OF HAWAII
WWW.FUTURASTONEHAWAII.COM
841-7433 C23741
WWW.NETAFIMUSA.COM
BUY PROVEN RELIABILITYWith millions of miles of Netafi m subsurface dripline installed in the U.S., why buy an unproven product?Techline® CV emitters provide reliable, worry-free operation. Here’s why:■ Continuous self-fl ushing design and anti-siphon feature prevent clogging■ Physical root barrier eliminates chemical additives; can be buried
■ Flow rates for every soil type■ Built-in check valve for high or low pressures■ Use one dripline for all installations
BUILT-IN PHYSICAL ROOT BARRIER NO CHEMICALS, NO COPPER GIMMICKS
BUILT-IN PHYSICAL ROOT BARRIERNO CHEMICALS, NO COPPER GIMMICKS
IT’S WHAT’S INSIDE THAT COUNTS
Hawaii.Lndscp_6.875x4.625_11-13.indd 1 9/25/13 11:24 AM
DEPARTMENTS
4 PRESIDENT’S MEMO
4 LICH NEWS
23 NATIVE PEST
24 TURFGRASS
27 TOOL TIPS
30 HAWAII-ICOLOGY
FEATURES
10 SUSTAIABILITY AWARDS
15 KAURI TREE
17 HORTICULTURE MEETS HAWAIIAN CULTURE
21 PLANT PONO
26 HAWAII’S BERMUDA TRIANGLE
28 EXPANDING TREE DIVERSITY
COVER STORIES
6 LICH CONFERENCE AND TRADE SHOW
12 NOAA
18 MORE MANGOS!
15
Formed in June 1986, the Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘i is a state wide alliance representing Hawaii’s landscape associations: Aloha Arborist Association, American Society of Landscape Architects Hawaii Chapter, Hawaii Association of Nurserymen, Hawaii Island Landscape Association, Hawaii Landscape and Irrigation Contractors, Hawaii Society of Urban Forestry Professionals, Kauai Landscape Industry Council, Maui Association of Landscape Professionals, Professional Grounds Management Society, Big Island Association of Nurserymen, and the Hawaii Professional Gardeners Association.
Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘iP. O. Box 22938, Honolulu HI 96823-2938
EditorChristopher A. [email protected]
Advertising SalesMichael [email protected]: 595-4124
MembershipCheryl M. [email protected]
DesignerDarrell Ishida
Cover PhotoPhoto by Orville Baldos
2 0 1 3 b O A R D O F D I R E C T O R S
Chris Dacus Brandon AuPresident Vice PresidentMatt Lyum Rick QuinnTreasurer SecretaryAaron Agsalda Chris McCulloughOrville Baldos Clifford MigitaChuck Chimera Karen OstborgCarl Evensen Edmundo ReyesRandy Liu Mark SuisoChristy Martin Josh Sand
Director EmeritusJay Deputy Steve NimzLelan Nishek Boyd ReadyGarrett Webb
Website SponsorsSharon’s Nursery, Ltd. Geotech Solutions, Inc.
Platinum SponsorHawaiian Turfgrass.
MAHALO TO LICH SPONSORS
4 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 5THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
LIC.ABC-10825
808-245-7747
Mon. - Fri. 7:30-5 / Sat. 7:30-4WEB: www.kauainursery.comMAIL: [email protected]
Toll Free: 888-345-7747 Fax: 808-245-9289
3-1550 Kaumualii HwyLihue, Kauai, HI 96766
CERTIFIED EXPORT NURSERYINTERISLAND SHIPPING
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE& DESIGN/BUILD
RESORT, COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIALINSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE
CCERTIFIED LANDSCAPE TECHNICIANSARBORISTS
IRRIGATION DESIGNINSTALLATION/REPAIR
KAUAI NURSEY &LANDSCAPING, INC.
60,000 SF Greenhouses 150 Acres of Plants & MaterialLARGEST NURSERY SELECTION ON KAUAI
2013 was a year to celebrate, with nu-merous events and activities at LICH.
The year started with the annual board meeting and the nomination of five industry icons as LICH Director Emeri-tus. Before the dust had settled LICH was writing testimonies and testifying at the state legislature. LICH introduced an irrigation conservation bill and it made it to the final stage. LICH also played a big role in supporting Senator Malama’s Gray Water bill that was signed into law. In March, led by board members Rick Quinn and Josh Sand LICH participated in the Hawaii Farm Bureau Ag Day at the Capitol talking to legislators and provid-ing native plants to legislative offices provided by Kauai Nursery & Landscape, Hui Ku Maoli Ola and Ultimate Innova-tions. March was also the launch of our new logo featuring the Ohi’a flower. In April LICH began the planning for the Native plant poster led by two master gardener candidates, Jadine Lee and Marla Musick. April was also the launch of the LICH website sponsored by Hawaiian Turfgrass, Sharon’s Nursery and Geotech Solutions. LICH planted over 200 native loulu as seedbanks for future industry collections at various sites. Then May and June quickly became a blur with the LICH Project Greenway, a plant fashion show, directed by Steve Sue showcasing sixty new plants, and clothing fashions designed by juniors and seniors in the UH College of Tropi-cal Agriculture and Human Resources Fashion Design and Merchandising Pro-gram, with the models’ hair and makeup by cosmetology students from Honolulu Community College, local-grown food prepared by culinary arts students from Kapiolani Community College. The
Notice RegaRdiNg the LaNdscape aRchitectuRaL RegistRatioN exam
LaNdscape hawaii sigNs ad saLes agReemeNt
JAN/FEB 2014Theme: ArboricultureStory Deadline: December 20th
MAR/APR 2014Theme: Erosion ControlStory Deadline: February 24th
MAY/JUN 2014Theme: LICT & Landscape ToolsStory Deadline: April 18th
Upcoming ISSUES:Tell a great story! Email the editor at [email protected].
Please be informed that the Council of Landscape Architectural Registra-tion Boards (“CLARB”) has instituted a new exam registration process for the computer-based exams. Besides filing an application for exam approval with the Board of Professional Engineers, Archi-tects, Surveyors and Landscape Archi-tects (“Board”), exam candidates will be required to start a CLARB Council Record in order to sit for the exams. For more detailed information, please go online and visit the CLARB’s website at www.clarb.org.
Landscape Hawaii is please to intro-duce Michael Roth, president of Roth Communications as the new sales repre-sentative. RC is a Honolulu based ad sales firm that represents trade and consumer publishers in Hawaii. Opened in 1992 they have a long history of professional representation for magazine publishers who do not have their own staff.
“Helping our publishers reach out
to new advertisers while maintaining the current core advert-ing base is our focus every day. Landscape Hawaii is an impor-tant publication that deserves professional representation and we look forward to work-
ing with them and introducing them to media buyers and clients in Hawaii and across the United States. There is an untapped market that will benefit by do-ing business with the Hawaii landscape professionals. It is our job to make sure they all know about Landscape Hawaii magazine” said Roth.
Call Michael to inquire about advertis-ing in Landscape Hawaii at 595-4124.
event really brought together the indus-try with fantastic volunteers and great sponsors including Neiman Marcus, Hawaiian Turfgrass, D.R. Horton, Ali‘i Turf Company, Wilhemina Models, and Hawaii Floriculture and Nursery Asso-ciation. July and August LICH conducted successful LICT examinations on the Big Island and O‘ahu. It was also the begin-ning of a LICT committee to focus on the improving the training and the test.
I get tired just thinking of all LICH accomplished this year. And we ended the year with a bang with the wonder-ful conference featuring native plants, sustainability awards, native plant poster, student research posters. One board member really shined this year, Randy Liu. Coming full circle from the Janu-ary board meeting we recognized at the conference four of the new LICH Direc-tor Emeritus – Steve Nimz, Jay Deputy, Garrett Webb and Lelan Nishek. And the industry stepped up with a record num-ber of sponsors which are highlighted in Randy’s article. The LICH Conference is an event that really brings the industry together, that’s after all what LICH is all about… bringing a wonderful and diverse industry together. A perfect ending to a very busy year.
We’re lucky to be in the original green industry and to have the best board of directors in the islands bar none.
May you have a great holidays and an even better year ahead
Chris DacusPresident
President'sCOLUMNHappy Holidays!
Michael Roth
what iNspiRed me to become a LaNdscape pRofessioNaL?by RObIN LEE GyORGyFALVy, OREGON ASLA
My best friend is Brenda Lam, a long-time leading landscape architect in Hawai‘i. We were the first all-women landscape architecture and planning firm in Hawai‘i. Brenda is also a landscape contractor and an active builder with Habitat for Humanity. She has been in-volved with the Hawai‘i State Agricultural Leadership Program as an orchid farmer and organizer for Kona Outdoor Circle’s Hawai‘i Native Plants conferences. She has been a huge inspiration to me as she was the one who encouraged me to attend an accredited graduate program in landscape architecture. We were both mentored by Beatrice Krauss of Lyon Arboretum, the foremost ethnobotanist in Hawai‘i, and hiked many mountains and valleys in search of Hawai‘i’s native plants. Our years of playing on Hawai’i’s first women’s soccer teams together were valuable in terms of appreciating well-designed sports venues and discussing our future roles in shaping and improv-ing outdoor recreational spaces. Not everyone has a best friend who is also a landscape architect, so I have been lucky from the very beginning.
Wishing you a Happy
New Year in 2014!
Thank you for all of your support throughout the years.I have enjoyed working in this wonderful profession of
landscape architecture.It has been a pleasure helping to create beautiful
landscapes for our magnificent Hawai`i.
‘Ōhi‘a Lehua Tree, Wiliwilinui Ridge Trail, Hawai‘i.Original photo and silkscreen print. Dana Anne Yee, 2013.
Dana Anne Yee, FASLA, ISA CA, LEED APDana Anne Yee, Landscape Architect, LLC
Email: [email protected]
W h A t S h A p p E N i N G
NEWSlich
03-10-09/0000229489
KOOLAU SEEDS & SUPPLY R 2.00 X 2.00
3009 PMP-PENARO Proofed By: jmahoney
Susan OwenManager
Contact
(808) 239-1280 Office
(808) 239-2151 Fax
48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744
Susan OwenManager
Contact
(808) 239-1280 Office
(808) 239-2151 Fax
48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744
4 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 5THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
LIC.ABC-10825
808-245-7747
Mon. - Fri. 7:30-5 / Sat. 7:30-4WEB: www.kauainursery.comMAIL: [email protected]
Toll Free: 888-345-7747 Fax: 808-245-9289
3-1550 Kaumualii HwyLihue, Kauai, HI 96766
CERTIFIED EXPORT NURSERYINTERISLAND SHIPPING
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE& DESIGN/BUILD
RESORT, COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIALINSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE
CCERTIFIED LANDSCAPE TECHNICIANSARBORISTS
IRRIGATION DESIGNINSTALLATION/REPAIR
KAUAI NURSEY &LANDSCAPING, INC.
60,000 SF Greenhouses 150 Acres of Plants & MaterialLARGEST NURSERY SELECTION ON KAUAI
2013 was a year to celebrate, with nu-merous events and activities at LICH.
The year started with the annual board meeting and the nomination of five industry icons as LICH Director Emeri-tus. Before the dust had settled LICH was writing testimonies and testifying at the state legislature. LICH introduced an irrigation conservation bill and it made it to the final stage. LICH also played a big role in supporting Senator Malama’s Gray Water bill that was signed into law. In March, led by board members Rick Quinn and Josh Sand LICH participated in the Hawaii Farm Bureau Ag Day at the Capitol talking to legislators and provid-ing native plants to legislative offices provided by Kauai Nursery & Landscape, Hui Ku Maoli Ola and Ultimate Innova-tions. March was also the launch of our new logo featuring the Ohi’a flower. In April LICH began the planning for the Native plant poster led by two master gardener candidates, Jadine Lee and Marla Musick. April was also the launch of the LICH website sponsored by Hawaiian Turfgrass, Sharon’s Nursery and Geotech Solutions. LICH planted over 200 native loulu as seedbanks for future industry collections at various sites. Then May and June quickly became a blur with the LICH Project Greenway, a plant fashion show, directed by Steve Sue showcasing sixty new plants, and clothing fashions designed by juniors and seniors in the UH College of Tropi-cal Agriculture and Human Resources Fashion Design and Merchandising Pro-gram, with the models’ hair and makeup by cosmetology students from Honolulu Community College, local-grown food prepared by culinary arts students from Kapiolani Community College. The
Notice RegaRdiNg the LaNdscape aRchitectuRaL RegistRatioN exam
LaNdscape hawaii sigNs ad saLes agReemeNt
JAN/FEB 2014Theme: ArboricultureStory Deadline: December 20th
MAR/APR 2014Theme: Erosion ControlStory Deadline: February 24th
MAY/JUN 2014Theme: LICT & Landscape ToolsStory Deadline: April 18th
Upcoming ISSUES:Tell a great story! Email the editor at [email protected].
Please be informed that the Council of Landscape Architectural Registra-tion Boards (“CLARB”) has instituted a new exam registration process for the computer-based exams. Besides filing an application for exam approval with the Board of Professional Engineers, Archi-tects, Surveyors and Landscape Archi-tects (“Board”), exam candidates will be required to start a CLARB Council Record in order to sit for the exams. For more detailed information, please go online and visit the CLARB’s website at www.clarb.org.
Landscape Hawaii is please to intro-duce Michael Roth, president of Roth Communications as the new sales repre-sentative. RC is a Honolulu based ad sales firm that represents trade and consumer publishers in Hawaii. Opened in 1992 they have a long history of professional representation for magazine publishers who do not have their own staff.
“Helping our publishers reach out
to new advertisers while maintaining the current core advert-ing base is our focus every day. Landscape Hawaii is an impor-tant publication that deserves professional representation and we look forward to work-
ing with them and introducing them to media buyers and clients in Hawaii and across the United States. There is an untapped market that will benefit by do-ing business with the Hawaii landscape professionals. It is our job to make sure they all know about Landscape Hawaii magazine” said Roth.
Call Michael to inquire about advertis-ing in Landscape Hawaii at 595-4124.
event really brought together the indus-try with fantastic volunteers and great sponsors including Neiman Marcus, Hawaiian Turfgrass, D.R. Horton, Ali‘i Turf Company, Wilhemina Models, and Hawaii Floriculture and Nursery Asso-ciation. July and August LICH conducted successful LICT examinations on the Big Island and O‘ahu. It was also the begin-ning of a LICT committee to focus on the improving the training and the test.
I get tired just thinking of all LICH accomplished this year. And we ended the year with a bang with the wonder-ful conference featuring native plants, sustainability awards, native plant poster, student research posters. One board member really shined this year, Randy Liu. Coming full circle from the Janu-ary board meeting we recognized at the conference four of the new LICH Direc-tor Emeritus – Steve Nimz, Jay Deputy, Garrett Webb and Lelan Nishek. And the industry stepped up with a record num-ber of sponsors which are highlighted in Randy’s article. The LICH Conference is an event that really brings the industry together, that’s after all what LICH is all about… bringing a wonderful and diverse industry together. A perfect ending to a very busy year.
We’re lucky to be in the original green industry and to have the best board of directors in the islands bar none.
May you have a great holidays and an even better year ahead
Chris DacusPresident
President'sCOLUMNHappy Holidays!
Michael Roth
what iNspiRed me to become a LaNdscape pRofessioNaL?by RObIN LEE GyORGyFALVy, OREGON ASLA
My best friend is Brenda Lam, a long-time leading landscape architect in Hawai‘i. We were the first all-women landscape architecture and planning firm in Hawai‘i. Brenda is also a landscape contractor and an active builder with Habitat for Humanity. She has been in-volved with the Hawai‘i State Agricultural Leadership Program as an orchid farmer and organizer for Kona Outdoor Circle’s Hawai‘i Native Plants conferences. She has been a huge inspiration to me as she was the one who encouraged me to attend an accredited graduate program in landscape architecture. We were both mentored by Beatrice Krauss of Lyon Arboretum, the foremost ethnobotanist in Hawai‘i, and hiked many mountains and valleys in search of Hawai‘i’s native plants. Our years of playing on Hawai’i’s first women’s soccer teams together were valuable in terms of appreciating well-designed sports venues and discussing our future roles in shaping and improv-ing outdoor recreational spaces. Not everyone has a best friend who is also a landscape architect, so I have been lucky from the very beginning.
Wishing you a Happy
New Year in 2014!
Thank you for all of your support throughout the years.I have enjoyed working in this wonderful profession of
landscape architecture.It has been a pleasure helping to create beautiful
landscapes for our magnificent Hawai`i.
‘Ōhi‘a Lehua Tree, Wiliwilinui Ridge Trail, Hawai‘i.Original photo and silkscreen print. Dana Anne Yee, 2013.
Dana Anne Yee, FASLA, ISA CA, LEED APDana Anne Yee, Landscape Architect, LLC
Email: [email protected]
W h A t S h A p p E N i N G
NEWSlich
03-10-09/0000229489
KOOLAU SEEDS & SUPPLY R 2.00 X 2.00
3009 PMP-PENARO Proofed By: jmahoney
Susan OwenManager
Contact
(808) 239-1280 Office
(808) 239-2151 Fax
48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744
Susan OwenManager
Contact
(808) 239-1280 Office
(808) 239-2151 Fax
48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744
6 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 7THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Lich 11th aNNuaL coNfeReNce aNd tRade show
by RANDy LIU
The 11th Annual LICH Conference and Trade Show turned out to be a success. The air that day was filled with synergy as nearly 300 conference
participants, including property managers and 40 trade show vendors, converged at the Neal Blaisdell Exhibition Hall for the LICH annual conference and trade show.
Attendees were greeted at the registra-tion desk with smiles, hot coffee and pas-tries for a great start to what was an event packed day. Our President spoke, and put together, along with the awards commit-tee, the first ever sustainable awards, that were given to well-deserved landscape professionals, teams and projects that exemplified sustainable practices. He also surprised nearly everyone by a heartfelt honoring of four Director Emeritus for their long term contributions to the LICH and the landscape community. Gar-rett Webb, Lelan Nishek, Steve Nimz and Jay Deputy were all given the highest level of prestige in the Landscape council, and the emotions, thankfulness and apprecia-tion were felt through the standing room only crowd.
This year’s theme was an in depth look at growing native plants, and the day was filled with interesting sessions and panel sessions.
Lunch time sessions included two sessions geared to our property manag-ers and their specific challenges they may face in their work. And the vendor track this year was geared to the benefits of smart irrigation. Hunter industries, Motorola Solutions, Tucor and Weather Trak all gave talks about smart timers, the benefits of water savings and how to best achieve this goal.
During lunch, we had a gathering of Hawaii’s best and brightest university students posting their horticultural and agricultural research on the trade show floor. Their posters were displayed through the day for all to see. They were
judged by some of Hawaii’s prominent professors and authorities in the industry. Two were picked as the overall winners, but all showed great effort and knowledge on their projects.
The trade show floor seemed alive this year with a layout that allowed for inquisitive browsing, impromptu meet-ings and social gatherings all in a relaxed and casual setting right out on the trade show floor. Tables were abundant, the snack bar was open, and it seemed that there was a nice flow throughout the day. There were a total of 44 vendors this year with lots to show.
And then came the afternoon social, a time of celebration, thankfulness, food, drinks and prizes! But probably to me, the best part was the awesome entertainment from someone right in our own lanscape industry, Aaron Agsalda. His soothing contemporary folk music lifted the trade show floor and everyone had a good time. The food was great, the music was awe-some, the drinks were flowing, and the door prizes were giving.
And on the second day, the day after tour to some of the notable native land-scapes on the island was an enjoyable adventure as always. If you can make it to the tour on the second day, you should make it a point to sign up as they are always a hit with the attendees. This year
GOLD SPONSORS SILVER SPONSORS
BRONZE SPONSORS
B Hayman Co.
DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife
Netafim USA
Focus Industries
Hunter Industries
Dura Plastics
T Christy
Waipahu Lawn Equipment Sales and Services
HISCO
Atlantic Water Gardens
Certified Hydropoint Manufactur-ers Rep US & Hawaii
Hawaiian Earth Products
Hawaii Geophysical Services, LLC
Rainbird
CCH-Env. Storm Water Quality
Motorola Water Management
Paige Electronics
Container Storage Company
Pacific Agricultural / Hawaii Grower Products
LCC Plant Biology & Tropical Agriculture/LCC Native Plants Hawaii
Geobunga
Crop Production Services
Rooftop MicroFarms, LLC
Hui Ku Maoli Ola
Hawaiian Turf Grass
Leilani Nursery
Valent Professional Products
Hawaiian Sunshine Nursery
Tucor Inc
A To Z Rentals And Equipment
Ness Turf Equipment
Diamond Head Sprinkler
Hawaii Landscape and Irrigation Contractors Association
Spec Management Group/ Eco Spec Products
Aloha Arborist Association
Pacific Pipe Company
Sharon’s Plants
ONGA Oahu Nursery Growers Association
Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species (CGAPS)/ Plant Pono/WRA
LICH Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii
Kona Irrigation Supply LTD
Niu Nursery
DÉCOR SPONSORS
a big mahaLo to aLL of ouR spoNsoRs of the 2013 Lich coNfeReNce & tRade show!
Standing room only at this year’s conference.
Phot
o: O
Rv
ILLe
BA
LDO
S
they visited UH Manoa’s C More Hale, built with special energy efficient features and drought resistant native plantings. The C&C’s native planting on the edge of Waikiki on Monsarrat Avenue and Papahana Kualoa, a non-profit organiza-tion that is connecting the Haiku Valley’s history with a sustainable future.
With all of these great happenings this year, I can only imagine that next year will be equally exciting if not more so. For those that attended this year, we want to thank you for spending the day with us, and hopefully you came away with a few ideas, inspirations, or connections. For the vendors, we also want to thank you for your support and participation; I hope you as well found some merit to our annual event.
And lastly to our Sponsors, a big Ma-halo Nui for your exceptional generosity and kindness. None of this would have happened without your commitment to Hawaii’s Landscape community. We hope you all enjoyed yourselves and look forward to seeing you all in 2014 with renewed vigour and the successes of this year in mind.
Randy Liu is the Grounds Manager for the Starwood Hotels & Resorts in Waikiki and a member of the LICH Board of Directors.
6 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 7THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Lich 11th aNNuaL coNfeReNce aNd tRade show
by RANDy LIU
The 11th Annual LICH Conference and Trade Show turned out to be a success. The air that day was filled with synergy as nearly 300 conference
participants, including property managers and 40 trade show vendors, converged at the Neal Blaisdell Exhibition Hall for the LICH annual conference and trade show.
Attendees were greeted at the registra-tion desk with smiles, hot coffee and pas-tries for a great start to what was an event packed day. Our President spoke, and put together, along with the awards commit-tee, the first ever sustainable awards, that were given to well-deserved landscape professionals, teams and projects that exemplified sustainable practices. He also surprised nearly everyone by a heartfelt honoring of four Director Emeritus for their long term contributions to the LICH and the landscape community. Gar-rett Webb, Lelan Nishek, Steve Nimz and Jay Deputy were all given the highest level of prestige in the Landscape council, and the emotions, thankfulness and apprecia-tion were felt through the standing room only crowd.
This year’s theme was an in depth look at growing native plants, and the day was filled with interesting sessions and panel sessions.
Lunch time sessions included two sessions geared to our property manag-ers and their specific challenges they may face in their work. And the vendor track this year was geared to the benefits of smart irrigation. Hunter industries, Motorola Solutions, Tucor and Weather Trak all gave talks about smart timers, the benefits of water savings and how to best achieve this goal.
During lunch, we had a gathering of Hawaii’s best and brightest university students posting their horticultural and agricultural research on the trade show floor. Their posters were displayed through the day for all to see. They were
judged by some of Hawaii’s prominent professors and authorities in the industry. Two were picked as the overall winners, but all showed great effort and knowledge on their projects.
The trade show floor seemed alive this year with a layout that allowed for inquisitive browsing, impromptu meet-ings and social gatherings all in a relaxed and casual setting right out on the trade show floor. Tables were abundant, the snack bar was open, and it seemed that there was a nice flow throughout the day. There were a total of 44 vendors this year with lots to show.
And then came the afternoon social, a time of celebration, thankfulness, food, drinks and prizes! But probably to me, the best part was the awesome entertainment from someone right in our own lanscape industry, Aaron Agsalda. His soothing contemporary folk music lifted the trade show floor and everyone had a good time. The food was great, the music was awe-some, the drinks were flowing, and the door prizes were giving.
And on the second day, the day after tour to some of the notable native land-scapes on the island was an enjoyable adventure as always. If you can make it to the tour on the second day, you should make it a point to sign up as they are always a hit with the attendees. This year
GOLD SPONSORS SILVER SPONSORS
BRONZE SPONSORS
B Hayman Co.
DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife
Netafim USA
Focus Industries
Hunter Industries
Dura Plastics
T Christy
Waipahu Lawn Equipment Sales and Services
HISCO
Atlantic Water Gardens
Certified Hydropoint Manufactur-ers Rep US & Hawaii
Hawaiian Earth Products
Hawaii Geophysical Services, LLC
Rainbird
CCH-Env. Storm Water Quality
Motorola Water Management
Paige Electronics
Container Storage Company
Pacific Agricultural / Hawaii Grower Products
LCC Plant Biology & Tropical Agriculture/LCC Native Plants Hawaii
Geobunga
Crop Production Services
Rooftop MicroFarms, LLC
Hui Ku Maoli Ola
Hawaiian Turf Grass
Leilani Nursery
Valent Professional Products
Hawaiian Sunshine Nursery
Tucor Inc
A To Z Rentals And Equipment
Ness Turf Equipment
Diamond Head Sprinkler
Hawaii Landscape and Irrigation Contractors Association
Spec Management Group/ Eco Spec Products
Aloha Arborist Association
Pacific Pipe Company
Sharon’s Plants
ONGA Oahu Nursery Growers Association
Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species (CGAPS)/ Plant Pono/WRA
LICH Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii
Kona Irrigation Supply LTD
Niu Nursery
DÉCOR SPONSORS
a big mahaLo to aLL of ouR spoNsoRs of the 2013 Lich coNfeReNce & tRade show!
Standing room only at this year’s conference.
Phot
o: O
Rv
ILLe
BA
LDO
S
they visited UH Manoa’s C More Hale, built with special energy efficient features and drought resistant native plantings. The C&C’s native planting on the edge of Waikiki on Monsarrat Avenue and Papahana Kualoa, a non-profit organiza-tion that is connecting the Haiku Valley’s history with a sustainable future.
With all of these great happenings this year, I can only imagine that next year will be equally exciting if not more so. For those that attended this year, we want to thank you for spending the day with us, and hopefully you came away with a few ideas, inspirations, or connections. For the vendors, we also want to thank you for your support and participation; I hope you as well found some merit to our annual event.
And lastly to our Sponsors, a big Ma-halo Nui for your exceptional generosity and kindness. None of this would have happened without your commitment to Hawaii’s Landscape community. We hope you all enjoyed yourselves and look forward to seeing you all in 2014 with renewed vigour and the successes of this year in mind.
Randy Liu is the Grounds Manager for the Starwood Hotels & Resorts in Waikiki and a member of the LICH Board of Directors.
8 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 9THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
CONGRATULATIONS TO:
And to all awards winners from O‘ahu, Maui, Big Island, and Kaua‘i for their outstanding gardens.http://scenichawaii.org • P.O. Box 10501 , Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96816
PRIVATE GARDENSTony and Linda Keeling Residence
Chip and Alice Matsushima ResidenceMarilyn Nagel and Wayne Hodges Residence
Harry and Jeannie Yee Residence
PROFESSIONAL GARDENSKamehameha Schools Middle School
Kapalama Campus
Manoa Falls Viewing Area Renovation
VOLUNTEER/COMMUNITY GARDENSFreeman Seabird Preserve
Native Hawaiian Campus ArboretumKawananakoa Middle School
Palolo School Rainforest GardenStorybook Theatre Hawaii
AWARDS OF EXCELLENCE
SCENIC HAWAI‘I, INC. IS VERY APPRECIATIVE TO OUR MANY SPONSORS OF THE 11th ANNUAL 2013 BETTY CROCKER LANDSCAPE AWARDS EVENT
Congratulations to:Foster Botanical Garden – Legacy Award Paul Weissich – Volunteer of the Year
PLATINUMFriends of Halawa Xeriscape GardenDR Horton-Hawaii/Schuler HomesOld Republic Title Escrow of Hawaii
GreenThumb, Inc.
DIAMONDThe Crocker Family
HONBLUE PBR Hawaii
United Laundry
posteR competitioNfiRst studeNt
by CHRISTy MARTIN AND ORVILLE bALDOS
Two tie for top prize in LICH’s inaugural student contest
Ten students from the University of Hawai‘i (UH) at Mānoa entered LICH’s 1st Student Poster Competition during the 13th Annual LICH Green
Industry Conference and Trade Show. Their posters were displayed during this daylong event, and the student authors were on hand to discuss their find-ings and answer questions about their landscape-and nursery-oriented research.
Two top posters tied and were awarded first prize based on five judging criteria, which included an assessment of utility to the landscape industry.
Jay Bost’s poster entitled, “Investigating the agronomic and landscape potential of Hawaiian heirloom sweet potato (‘uala) varieties,” (authors: Jay Bost and Ted Ra-dovich. Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, UH Mānoa), is a wonder-ful example of the intersection between culture and food, with an eye towards utility in landscaping and a reconnection of people to plants.
“We are assembling the many varieties of ‘uala, including Hawaiian heirloom and others that are being grown across Hawai‘i,” said Jay. “So far, we have col-lected and planted around 90 varieties in a plot in Waimanalo, and we are docu-menting their different forms, shapes, colors and textures in a database. Those showing the most potential for contribut-ing to Hawaii’s food security in agricul-tural settings, home gardens, and edible landscape installations will receive further attention via replicated trials, virus testing and nutritional analysis.”
Jay received his undergraduate degree from Prescott College in Arizona, and master’s from the University of Florida. When asked how he chose to work on ‘uala for his PhD, he replied, “I love the idea of having plant diversity in people’s gardens. It is a much better way to preserve diversity, especially of heirloom
varieties, and it helps people build a real relationship and understanding of these plants. There is a lot of research and documentation being done on heirloom taro and bananas, but not much on ‘uala.”
Thinking ahead a couple years, Jay envi-sions hosting a field day in Waimanalo to showcase the different ‘uala varieties, have a discussion about the project and encourage people to plant ‘uala. He said, “The more people that can grow these, the better!”
Sharing first place with Jay was Nathan Ortiz who presented his poster entitled, “Landscape mapping and inventory project,” (authors: Nathan Ortiz, Austin Stankus, Roxanne Adams. Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, UH Mānoa, Buildings and Grounds Manage-ment, UH Mānoa). This poster provided a look at how a mapping and data invento-ry project can help quantify time and cost of landscape maintenance and present an environmental value of that landscape, while also serving as an accessible infor-mation tool for all.
For this project, Google Earth™ was used to provide the map and satellite
image of the 257-acre UH Mānoa cam-pus. Nate and his colleagues digitally outlined each plant canopy on the map and identified all 3,155 plants on campus to the species level using information provided by Drs. Rich Criley and Gerald Carr. They then developed a searchable web-interface that allows the public to display plants by location, species name or inherent characteristics (e.g. medicinal, native, endangered, etc.). Lost freshmen on campus can even click on the “Where am I?” button to display their current location.
“That’s a cool feature,” said Nate, “But this was also set up as a management tool. Roxanne really wanted to quantify the man-hours and resources needed for each area. We are severely understaffed and there is a hiring freeze, yet this is a big campus with a lot of trees, bushes, hedges, grass and irrigation, and every-thing need care and attention if we want to have respect as a University.”
The internal data associated with this project allows the UH Mānoa Buildings and Grounds Management staff to plan ahead for additional work. “There are
different needs for different species, and even a seasonality for fruiting trees such as monkey pods, where we spend a lot of time keeping the pathways swept off sticky pods and seeds certain times of the year,” said Nate.
“Because we had all of the tree data mapped and identified, we were able to assess the environmental value of a por-tion of the campus tree inventory using i-Tree, the USDA’s urban tree analysis and benefits assessment software tool,” said Nate.
Managers of hotel grounds and golf courses know how long it takes and what it costs to maintain different parts of the landscape at different times of the year, but quantifying and passing the informa-tion along is key.
“There are so many other pieces of information that we are keeping. For example, we have a map of storm drains and waterways, which we use for main-tenance to avert another campus flood,” said Nate.
When asked what sort of training he had for this job, Nate laughed. “I’m a non-traditional student. I’ve worked in solar, had my own business automat-
Front row: Jonathan Lance, Alberto Ricordi, Xinxin Li, Shikha Srivastava, Minhee Kim, Kalani Matsumura. Back row: Jay Bost, Douglas Hunefeld, Scott LucasNathan Ortiz.
‘uala leaves by Jay Bost
ing homes, and now I’m back at school working on my undergraduate degree in Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences. But I was lured by this job description, said Nate, as he pointed to a laminated paper on his cubicle wall. It said, “Huge, EXTREMELY VALUABLE project. Real world experi-ence! CHANGE the way UH operates FOREVER!”
“That’s the best written job description,
ever.” For a look at the project to date, go to http://manoa.hawaii.edu/landscaping/plantmap.html.
LICH Board members Christy Martin and Orville Baldos are the organizers of the 1st Student Poster Competition at the 2013 LICH Green Industry Conference & Trade-show.
8 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 9THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
CONGRATULATIONS TO:
And to all awards winners from O‘ahu, Maui, Big Island, and Kaua‘i for their outstanding gardens.http://scenichawaii.org • P.O. Box 10501 , Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96816
PRIVATE GARDENSTony and Linda Keeling Residence
Chip and Alice Matsushima ResidenceMarilyn Nagel and Wayne Hodges Residence
Harry and Jeannie Yee Residence
PROFESSIONAL GARDENSKamehameha Schools Middle School
Kapalama Campus
Manoa Falls Viewing Area Renovation
VOLUNTEER/COMMUNITY GARDENSFreeman Seabird Preserve
Native Hawaiian Campus ArboretumKawananakoa Middle School
Palolo School Rainforest GardenStorybook Theatre Hawaii
AWARDS OF EXCELLENCE
SCENIC HAWAI‘I, INC. IS VERY APPRECIATIVE TO OUR MANY SPONSORS OF THE 11th ANNUAL 2013 BETTY CROCKER LANDSCAPE AWARDS EVENT
Congratulations to:Foster Botanical Garden – Legacy Award Paul Weissich – Volunteer of the Year
PLATINUMFriends of Halawa Xeriscape GardenDR Horton-Hawaii/Schuler HomesOld Republic Title Escrow of Hawaii
GreenThumb, Inc.
DIAMONDThe Crocker Family
HONBLUE PBR Hawaii
United Laundry
posteR competitioNfiRst studeNt
by CHRISTy MARTIN AND ORVILLE bALDOS
Two tie for top prize in LICH’s inaugural student contest
Ten students from the University of Hawai‘i (UH) at Mānoa entered LICH’s 1st Student Poster Competition during the 13th Annual LICH Green
Industry Conference and Trade Show. Their posters were displayed during this daylong event, and the student authors were on hand to discuss their find-ings and answer questions about their landscape-and nursery-oriented research.
Two top posters tied and were awarded first prize based on five judging criteria, which included an assessment of utility to the landscape industry.
Jay Bost’s poster entitled, “Investigating the agronomic and landscape potential of Hawaiian heirloom sweet potato (‘uala) varieties,” (authors: Jay Bost and Ted Ra-dovich. Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, UH Mānoa), is a wonder-ful example of the intersection between culture and food, with an eye towards utility in landscaping and a reconnection of people to plants.
“We are assembling the many varieties of ‘uala, including Hawaiian heirloom and others that are being grown across Hawai‘i,” said Jay. “So far, we have col-lected and planted around 90 varieties in a plot in Waimanalo, and we are docu-menting their different forms, shapes, colors and textures in a database. Those showing the most potential for contribut-ing to Hawaii’s food security in agricul-tural settings, home gardens, and edible landscape installations will receive further attention via replicated trials, virus testing and nutritional analysis.”
Jay received his undergraduate degree from Prescott College in Arizona, and master’s from the University of Florida. When asked how he chose to work on ‘uala for his PhD, he replied, “I love the idea of having plant diversity in people’s gardens. It is a much better way to preserve diversity, especially of heirloom
varieties, and it helps people build a real relationship and understanding of these plants. There is a lot of research and documentation being done on heirloom taro and bananas, but not much on ‘uala.”
Thinking ahead a couple years, Jay envi-sions hosting a field day in Waimanalo to showcase the different ‘uala varieties, have a discussion about the project and encourage people to plant ‘uala. He said, “The more people that can grow these, the better!”
Sharing first place with Jay was Nathan Ortiz who presented his poster entitled, “Landscape mapping and inventory project,” (authors: Nathan Ortiz, Austin Stankus, Roxanne Adams. Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, UH Mānoa, Buildings and Grounds Manage-ment, UH Mānoa). This poster provided a look at how a mapping and data invento-ry project can help quantify time and cost of landscape maintenance and present an environmental value of that landscape, while also serving as an accessible infor-mation tool for all.
For this project, Google Earth™ was used to provide the map and satellite
image of the 257-acre UH Mānoa cam-pus. Nate and his colleagues digitally outlined each plant canopy on the map and identified all 3,155 plants on campus to the species level using information provided by Drs. Rich Criley and Gerald Carr. They then developed a searchable web-interface that allows the public to display plants by location, species name or inherent characteristics (e.g. medicinal, native, endangered, etc.). Lost freshmen on campus can even click on the “Where am I?” button to display their current location.
“That’s a cool feature,” said Nate, “But this was also set up as a management tool. Roxanne really wanted to quantify the man-hours and resources needed for each area. We are severely understaffed and there is a hiring freeze, yet this is a big campus with a lot of trees, bushes, hedges, grass and irrigation, and every-thing need care and attention if we want to have respect as a University.”
The internal data associated with this project allows the UH Mānoa Buildings and Grounds Management staff to plan ahead for additional work. “There are
different needs for different species, and even a seasonality for fruiting trees such as monkey pods, where we spend a lot of time keeping the pathways swept off sticky pods and seeds certain times of the year,” said Nate.
“Because we had all of the tree data mapped and identified, we were able to assess the environmental value of a por-tion of the campus tree inventory using i-Tree, the USDA’s urban tree analysis and benefits assessment software tool,” said Nate.
Managers of hotel grounds and golf courses know how long it takes and what it costs to maintain different parts of the landscape at different times of the year, but quantifying and passing the informa-tion along is key.
“There are so many other pieces of information that we are keeping. For example, we have a map of storm drains and waterways, which we use for main-tenance to avert another campus flood,” said Nate.
When asked what sort of training he had for this job, Nate laughed. “I’m a non-traditional student. I’ve worked in solar, had my own business automat-
Front row: Jonathan Lance, Alberto Ricordi, Xinxin Li, Shikha Srivastava, Minhee Kim, Kalani Matsumura. Back row: Jay Bost, Douglas Hunefeld, Scott LucasNathan Ortiz.
‘uala leaves by Jay Bost
ing homes, and now I’m back at school working on my undergraduate degree in Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences. But I was lured by this job description, said Nate, as he pointed to a laminated paper on his cubicle wall. It said, “Huge, EXTREMELY VALUABLE project. Real world experi-ence! CHANGE the way UH operates FOREVER!”
“That’s the best written job description,
ever.” For a look at the project to date, go to http://manoa.hawaii.edu/landscaping/plantmap.html.
LICH Board members Christy Martin and Orville Baldos are the organizers of the 1st Student Poster Competition at the 2013 LICH Green Industry Conference & Trade-show.
10 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 11THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
The first LICH Landscape Sustainability Awards were held at the 2013 LICH Conference on October 10th. It rec-ognizes advocates of
sustainability and landscape projects that demonstrate a high degree of innova-tion, commitment and achievement in increasing our understanding of the com-plex interactions between constructed and natural systems and are in harmony with the natural environment, result-ing in ecological regeneration, social and improving public health outcomes. The awards additionally recognize that sustainability is everyone’s business and the need to share sustainable innovations and techniques within our industry.
There were two levels of awards were given the La‘au Ku Kahi Award for Excel-lence and Mohalu Honor Award. One La‘au Ku Kahi Award for Excellence may be awarded in each category, if deter-mined by the judges. Any number of Mohalu Honor Awards may be given in each category. The awards were named by Kekuhi Kealiikanakaoleohaililani. Six awards were provided representing five award categories including Sustainability Award, Native Plant Design Award, Na-tive Plant Advocacy & Research Award, Plant Pono Invasive Species Advocacy Award, and Water Conservation Award.
The La‘au Ku Kahi Award for Excel-lence – Sustainability was awarded to the NOAA Pacific Regional Center designed by Ki Concepts LLC. NOAA is located on a national historic landmark site on Ford Island in Pearl Harbor. It features the adaptive reuse of two World War II-era aircraft hangars and their adjacent tarmac. The new campus design features high-performance architectural and land-scape architectural elements with a focus on adaptive re-use, green infrastructure, Hawaiian culture, native plants, and the
lic on the modem practices of sustainabil-ity in the landscape. A collection of sus-tainable landscape practices are meant to mitigate the impact of development and to work as a tool to inspire the average homeowner to adopt low impact devel-opment practices. Bernice Fielding from Lyon Arboretum and Wayne Baldwin of Ki Concepts LLC accepted the award.
The 2013 Mohalu Honor Award - Native Plant Project was award to the Wai‘anae Boys & Girls Club of Hawai‘i designed by the Dana Anne Yee, Land-scape Architect, LLC. The emphasis was in the planting of endemic Native Hawaiian plants, indigenous Hawai-ian plants, and Polynesian plants used in the Hawaiian Culture. Plants were specified and obtained from local Native
site’s layered history. Vivian Arita from Ki Concepts LLC accepted the O‘o Stick for the LICH 2013 La‘au Ku Kahi Award for Excellence – Sustainability.
The 2013 Mohalu Honor Award - Sus-tainability was awarded to the Punahou School Omidyar K-1 Neighborhood designed by PBR Hawaii & Associates, Inc. The Omidyar K-1 Neighborhood at Punahou School was designed to provide an interactive, hands-on learn-ing experience focused on educating students about natural science, sustain-ability, and environmental stewardship from an early age in the convenience and safety of their school neighborhood. Stan Duncan and Julia Harrison accepted the award on behalf of PBR Hawaii & As-sociates, Inc, The project team included Micah McMillan, Marc Shimatsu, and Chris Billete
plant growers, creating cultural signifi-cances and cultural diversity with plants already found growing in the Wai‘anae region.
The 2013 Native Plant Advocacy Award was awarded to Heidi Leianuenue Born-horst.
Heidi is an Oahu horticultural icon. She wrote the first book on native plants - 2005 book “Growing Native Hawai-ian Plants.” Heidi’s passion has always centered around Native Hawaiian Plants and her love of trees. Currently she works as the Landscape manager at UH Manoa and as the Oahu coordinator for the Breadfruit Institute. Heidi has been a popular contributor to the Honolulu Ad-vertiser with her gardening column. She writes exactly the way she talks; with pas-
The 2013 Plant Pono / Invasive Plant Advocacy Award was awarded to the Kaulunani Urban and Community Forestry Program. Since its inception in 1991, Kaulunani has awarded $1 million to over 190 organizations across the state, in the form of cost-share grants that were matched with $3.7 million in cash and in-kind contributions. Key to the success of this grassroots program is the unique blend of partners, people and projects – partners who donate their time, resources and skills and people from all walks of life, ethnic backgrounds and ages who share a concern and need to improve their environment by taking on tree planting projects
The 2013 Mohalu Honor Award - Water Conservation was awarded to the Ulu Garden at the Harold L. Lyon Arboretum & Ki Concepts LLC. The Ulu Garden was designed to inform and educate the pub-
sion and verve! For a time, she appeared weekly on KITV Channel 4’s early-bird morning news with her television feature “The Morning Garden”.
LICH recognized four Director Emeri-tus - Jay Deputy, Garrett Webb, Lelan Nishek and contributions to the Land-scape Industry Council Steve Nimz. Di-rector Emeritus recognizes LICH board members who have made significant of Hawaii. It was very humbling to recog-nize these four incredible individuals who have been pioneers in the industry.
Chris Dacus is the President of the Land-scape Industry Council of Hawaii.
Lich sustaiNabiLity iNauguRaL
awaRdsby CHRIS DACUS
Recognizing Great Leaders and Great Projects
Photo: KI CONCePTS
The La‘au Ku Kahi Award for Excellence – Sustainability awarded to NOAA Pacific Regional Center designed by Ki Concepts.
Photo: ORvILLe BALDOS
Top: Left to Right: Garrett Webb, Lelan Nishek, Jay Deputy and Steve Nimz. Left: The 2013 Mohalu Honor Award - Sustainability awarded to Punahou School Omidyar K-1 Neighborhood designed by PBR Hawaii & Associates, Inc.
10 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 11THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
The first LICH Landscape Sustainability Awards were held at the 2013 LICH Conference on October 10th. It rec-ognizes advocates of
sustainability and landscape projects that demonstrate a high degree of innova-tion, commitment and achievement in increasing our understanding of the com-plex interactions between constructed and natural systems and are in harmony with the natural environment, result-ing in ecological regeneration, social and improving public health outcomes. The awards additionally recognize that sustainability is everyone’s business and the need to share sustainable innovations and techniques within our industry.
There were two levels of awards were given the La‘au Ku Kahi Award for Excel-lence and Mohalu Honor Award. One La‘au Ku Kahi Award for Excellence may be awarded in each category, if deter-mined by the judges. Any number of Mohalu Honor Awards may be given in each category. The awards were named by Kekuhi Kealiikanakaoleohaililani. Six awards were provided representing five award categories including Sustainability Award, Native Plant Design Award, Na-tive Plant Advocacy & Research Award, Plant Pono Invasive Species Advocacy Award, and Water Conservation Award.
The La‘au Ku Kahi Award for Excel-lence – Sustainability was awarded to the NOAA Pacific Regional Center designed by Ki Concepts LLC. NOAA is located on a national historic landmark site on Ford Island in Pearl Harbor. It features the adaptive reuse of two World War II-era aircraft hangars and their adjacent tarmac. The new campus design features high-performance architectural and land-scape architectural elements with a focus on adaptive re-use, green infrastructure, Hawaiian culture, native plants, and the
lic on the modem practices of sustainabil-ity in the landscape. A collection of sus-tainable landscape practices are meant to mitigate the impact of development and to work as a tool to inspire the average homeowner to adopt low impact devel-opment practices. Bernice Fielding from Lyon Arboretum and Wayne Baldwin of Ki Concepts LLC accepted the award.
The 2013 Mohalu Honor Award - Native Plant Project was award to the Wai‘anae Boys & Girls Club of Hawai‘i designed by the Dana Anne Yee, Land-scape Architect, LLC. The emphasis was in the planting of endemic Native Hawaiian plants, indigenous Hawai-ian plants, and Polynesian plants used in the Hawaiian Culture. Plants were specified and obtained from local Native
site’s layered history. Vivian Arita from Ki Concepts LLC accepted the O‘o Stick for the LICH 2013 La‘au Ku Kahi Award for Excellence – Sustainability.
The 2013 Mohalu Honor Award - Sus-tainability was awarded to the Punahou School Omidyar K-1 Neighborhood designed by PBR Hawaii & Associates, Inc. The Omidyar K-1 Neighborhood at Punahou School was designed to provide an interactive, hands-on learn-ing experience focused on educating students about natural science, sustain-ability, and environmental stewardship from an early age in the convenience and safety of their school neighborhood. Stan Duncan and Julia Harrison accepted the award on behalf of PBR Hawaii & As-sociates, Inc, The project team included Micah McMillan, Marc Shimatsu, and Chris Billete
plant growers, creating cultural signifi-cances and cultural diversity with plants already found growing in the Wai‘anae region.
The 2013 Native Plant Advocacy Award was awarded to Heidi Leianuenue Born-horst.
Heidi is an Oahu horticultural icon. She wrote the first book on native plants - 2005 book “Growing Native Hawai-ian Plants.” Heidi’s passion has always centered around Native Hawaiian Plants and her love of trees. Currently she works as the Landscape manager at UH Manoa and as the Oahu coordinator for the Breadfruit Institute. Heidi has been a popular contributor to the Honolulu Ad-vertiser with her gardening column. She writes exactly the way she talks; with pas-
The 2013 Plant Pono / Invasive Plant Advocacy Award was awarded to the Kaulunani Urban and Community Forestry Program. Since its inception in 1991, Kaulunani has awarded $1 million to over 190 organizations across the state, in the form of cost-share grants that were matched with $3.7 million in cash and in-kind contributions. Key to the success of this grassroots program is the unique blend of partners, people and projects – partners who donate their time, resources and skills and people from all walks of life, ethnic backgrounds and ages who share a concern and need to improve their environment by taking on tree planting projects
The 2013 Mohalu Honor Award - Water Conservation was awarded to the Ulu Garden at the Harold L. Lyon Arboretum & Ki Concepts LLC. The Ulu Garden was designed to inform and educate the pub-
sion and verve! For a time, she appeared weekly on KITV Channel 4’s early-bird morning news with her television feature “The Morning Garden”.
LICH recognized four Director Emeri-tus - Jay Deputy, Garrett Webb, Lelan Nishek and contributions to the Land-scape Industry Council Steve Nimz. Di-rector Emeritus recognizes LICH board members who have made significant of Hawaii. It was very humbling to recog-nize these four incredible individuals who have been pioneers in the industry.
Chris Dacus is the President of the Land-scape Industry Council of Hawaii.
Lich sustaiNabiLity iNauguRaL
awaRdsby CHRIS DACUS
Recognizing Great Leaders and Great Projects
Photo: KI CONCePTS
The La‘au Ku Kahi Award for Excellence – Sustainability awarded to NOAA Pacific Regional Center designed by Ki Concepts.
Photo: ORvILLe BALDOS
Top: Left to Right: Garrett Webb, Lelan Nishek, Jay Deputy and Steve Nimz. Left: The 2013 Mohalu Honor Award - Sustainability awarded to Punahou School Omidyar K-1 Neighborhood designed by PBR Hawaii & Associates, Inc.
12 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 13THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Located on a national historic landmark site on Ford Island in Pearl Harbor, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-tion’s (NOAA) new Pacific
Regional Center will soon open, featur-ing the adaptive reuse of two World War II-era aircraft hangars and its surrounding airfield. The 22-acre campus consoli-dates two massive adjacent hangars by constructing a new building in the space between, thereby creating a new 350,000 square foot administrative headquar-ters and research center. All of NOAA’s administrative functions for the Pacific region will be housed on the campus complex; this includes the Pacific Tsuna-mi Warning Center, the National Marine Sanctuaries, and various other offices and laboratories. Local landscape architecture and urban design firm Ki Concepts led the site design effort, collaborating with a team led by architects from HOK San Francisco. The new campus design fea-tures high-performance architectural and landscape architectural elements with a focus on native plants, Hawaiian culture, and the site’s layered history. This project represents a promising and evolving design ethic in Hawai‘i.
Using landscape as a medium, the de-sign artfully reveals the many facets of the historic site and its regional and cultural context. To achieve this, the site is orga-nized along a strong central axis that can be drawn from the distant Wai‘anae and Ko‘olau Mountains, across Pearl Harbor, through the heart of the building and out the other side, across the parking area to a restored compass rose in the historic former runway. The entry promenade is anchored by the restored compass rose and welcomes visitors as it slices through the bullet-strafed former airfield tarmac, recalling the 1941 attack on Pearl Har-bor and the site’s military history. The NOAA Pier, the waterfront park’s outdoor
the tarmac and entry promenade, visitors will pass through the building’s expansive central lobby space, which contains inter-pretive displays and exhibits. Immediately beyond the lobby on the mauka side of the building is Wasp Boulevard and the outdoor terrace area. Wasp Boulevard functions as a fire access route, but is paved with porous gravel and reinforced grass paving, which reduces and treats storm water runoff. Concrete bands tran-sect the porous paving, running from the building’s rainwater downspouts, across Wasp Boulevard and the large pedestrian path, where they visually and symbolically flow out into the landscape. The bands of concrete allude to the fact that the water from the down spouts is used to irrigate the landscape. These concrete bands also bear the Hawaiian names of correspond-ing traditional land division units, called ahupua‘a, which can be observed in the distant mountain landscape. The simple act of indicating the ahupua‘a in the ground plane helps connect the site to the mountain watersheds that feed into Pearl Harbor, while also speaking to the native cultural practices of the Hawaiian people. Interpretive signage and other design features highlight the movement of water and man-made interventions, inviting reflection on modern and ancient approaches to resource management.
The diverse native plant palette is criti-cal to the successful performance of the landscape systems. The dry coastal envi-ronment of the site informed the plant selections. The landscape planting is com-prised of roughly 85% native plants, in-cluding trees, shrubs, and groundcovers. The selected species included Kou (Cordia subcordata), Hala (Pandanus tectorius), Variegated Hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus), Milo (Thespesia populnea), Loulu (Pritchardia spp.), Naupaka (Scaevola sericea), Koki‘o ‘ula (Hibiscus kokio), ‘Ilima papa (Sida fal-lax), Naio papa (Myoporum sandwicense), Pōhinahina (Vitex rotundifolia), ‘Akia (wikstroemia uva-ursi), ‘Uki‘uki (Dianella sandwicensis), ‘Aki‘aki (Sporobolus virgin-icus), Mau‘u ‘aki‘aki (Fimbristylis cymosa), and Pili grass (Heteropogon contortus).
Between Wasp Boulevard and the na-tive grass meadows, architectonic bands of low shrubs, groundcover, gravel and concrete form an undulating landscape buffer whose edge traces the original, his-toric shoreline of Ford Island. The wispy, fine textured, reddish-green upright foliage of Pili grass is layered against the coarse, drooping, shiny green leaves of ‘Uki‘uki and the dense, grey-green mass-
terrace, and the amphitheater are all com-ponents along this central axis. The new pavilion between the renovated aircraft hangars is primarily glass and steel, which allows the various elements of the linear design axis to be visually connected, even through the building.
The project expresses the strong envi-ronmental ethos of NOAA and that of the indigenous Hawaiian culture. The tarmac has been repurposed, serving simultane-ously as vehicular parking, a wartime artifact and green infrastructure. The expansive concrete surface is peeled away in strategic places following the remnant 20’ x 20’ grid which is still visible in the former tarmac. These interventions allow
ings of ‘Akia, creating a bold edge along Wasp Boulevard. Kou trees punctuate the ground plane of contrasting textures, color and plant habitat. The entire system works to filter storm water runoff and provide a visually appealing, partially shaded, kinesthetic foreground to frame distant views. The central spine that extends from Wasp Boulevard features an outdoor dining terrace on alternat-ing areas of paving and lawn. A double allee of Loulu palms provides structure and spatial definition to the terrace. The shoreline zone is planted with Milo, Niu (Cocos nucifera), Hala, Naupaka, Pōhinahina, Pili, and other coastal plants, providing a distinct edge and erosion protection. The large open meadows on each side of the terrace are planted with the same native grasses utilized in the parking lot’s green infrastructure systems. These native grasses have excellent salt and wind tolerance, ease of maintenance, and a naturalized aesthetic.
Adjacent to the outdoor terrace is the site’s focal point: an amphitheater with a bronze Hawaiian star compass at its cen-ter. The compass is set into cut lava and
the site to perform storm water mitiga-tion via constructed native grass bio-swales that detain, cleanse and infiltrate rainwater runoff from the impervious parking surface. The bio-retention areas were planted with a rugged native grass mixture of Mau‘u ‘aki‘aki and ‘Aki‘aki, to withstand drought, periodic flood inundation, salt spray, and high soil salinity. They are also well suited to filter sediment and pollutants from the storm water runoff generated by the vast tarmac surface. Trees were intentionally omit-ted from the repurposed historic airfield area in deference to the historic cultural landscape character.
Continuing along the central axis from
concrete paving, surrounded by repur-posed concrete salvaged from the partial demolition of the historic tarmac. As visitors take in the view of Pearl Harbor, they are invited to pause and contemplate the relationships between the ancient Ha-waiian mariners and the NOAA scientists whose stories are so important to this landscape. On one hand, there are those who skillfully navigated the vast Pacific Ocean using stars, currents, wind, and careful observation as their instruments. On the other hand are those who employ extremely sensitive instruments and other cutting edge modern technology to make their observations and understand the environments of the Pacific and be-yond. This relationship between ancient and modern is one of the underlying themes expressed throughout the design of this project.
Water is a strong theme in the design of the NOAA Pacific Regional Center. The design team utilized the movement, transport, and treatment of water as another opportunity to express the blend-ing of ancient and modern practices. The relatively flat site required careful
the Noaapacific RegioNaL ceNteR
by wAyNE bALDwIN, bRIAN STUHR AND bRAD KUROKAwA
How Adaptive Reuse, Green Infrastructure, Culture, and Native Plants Come Together at a National
Historic Landmark
Photos courtesy: KI CONCePTS LLC
Front entrance to NOAA Pacific Regional Center
Bands of native Hawaiian plants along Wasp Boulevard. Note pervious paving and flush concrete bands with ahupua‘a names.
12 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 13THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Located on a national historic landmark site on Ford Island in Pearl Harbor, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-tion’s (NOAA) new Pacific
Regional Center will soon open, featur-ing the adaptive reuse of two World War II-era aircraft hangars and its surrounding airfield. The 22-acre campus consoli-dates two massive adjacent hangars by constructing a new building in the space between, thereby creating a new 350,000 square foot administrative headquar-ters and research center. All of NOAA’s administrative functions for the Pacific region will be housed on the campus complex; this includes the Pacific Tsuna-mi Warning Center, the National Marine Sanctuaries, and various other offices and laboratories. Local landscape architecture and urban design firm Ki Concepts led the site design effort, collaborating with a team led by architects from HOK San Francisco. The new campus design fea-tures high-performance architectural and landscape architectural elements with a focus on native plants, Hawaiian culture, and the site’s layered history. This project represents a promising and evolving design ethic in Hawai‘i.
Using landscape as a medium, the de-sign artfully reveals the many facets of the historic site and its regional and cultural context. To achieve this, the site is orga-nized along a strong central axis that can be drawn from the distant Wai‘anae and Ko‘olau Mountains, across Pearl Harbor, through the heart of the building and out the other side, across the parking area to a restored compass rose in the historic former runway. The entry promenade is anchored by the restored compass rose and welcomes visitors as it slices through the bullet-strafed former airfield tarmac, recalling the 1941 attack on Pearl Har-bor and the site’s military history. The NOAA Pier, the waterfront park’s outdoor
the tarmac and entry promenade, visitors will pass through the building’s expansive central lobby space, which contains inter-pretive displays and exhibits. Immediately beyond the lobby on the mauka side of the building is Wasp Boulevard and the outdoor terrace area. Wasp Boulevard functions as a fire access route, but is paved with porous gravel and reinforced grass paving, which reduces and treats storm water runoff. Concrete bands tran-sect the porous paving, running from the building’s rainwater downspouts, across Wasp Boulevard and the large pedestrian path, where they visually and symbolically flow out into the landscape. The bands of concrete allude to the fact that the water from the down spouts is used to irrigate the landscape. These concrete bands also bear the Hawaiian names of correspond-ing traditional land division units, called ahupua‘a, which can be observed in the distant mountain landscape. The simple act of indicating the ahupua‘a in the ground plane helps connect the site to the mountain watersheds that feed into Pearl Harbor, while also speaking to the native cultural practices of the Hawaiian people. Interpretive signage and other design features highlight the movement of water and man-made interventions, inviting reflection on modern and ancient approaches to resource management.
The diverse native plant palette is criti-cal to the successful performance of the landscape systems. The dry coastal envi-ronment of the site informed the plant selections. The landscape planting is com-prised of roughly 85% native plants, in-cluding trees, shrubs, and groundcovers. The selected species included Kou (Cordia subcordata), Hala (Pandanus tectorius), Variegated Hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus), Milo (Thespesia populnea), Loulu (Pritchardia spp.), Naupaka (Scaevola sericea), Koki‘o ‘ula (Hibiscus kokio), ‘Ilima papa (Sida fal-lax), Naio papa (Myoporum sandwicense), Pōhinahina (Vitex rotundifolia), ‘Akia (wikstroemia uva-ursi), ‘Uki‘uki (Dianella sandwicensis), ‘Aki‘aki (Sporobolus virgin-icus), Mau‘u ‘aki‘aki (Fimbristylis cymosa), and Pili grass (Heteropogon contortus).
Between Wasp Boulevard and the na-tive grass meadows, architectonic bands of low shrubs, groundcover, gravel and concrete form an undulating landscape buffer whose edge traces the original, his-toric shoreline of Ford Island. The wispy, fine textured, reddish-green upright foliage of Pili grass is layered against the coarse, drooping, shiny green leaves of ‘Uki‘uki and the dense, grey-green mass-
terrace, and the amphitheater are all com-ponents along this central axis. The new pavilion between the renovated aircraft hangars is primarily glass and steel, which allows the various elements of the linear design axis to be visually connected, even through the building.
The project expresses the strong envi-ronmental ethos of NOAA and that of the indigenous Hawaiian culture. The tarmac has been repurposed, serving simultane-ously as vehicular parking, a wartime artifact and green infrastructure. The expansive concrete surface is peeled away in strategic places following the remnant 20’ x 20’ grid which is still visible in the former tarmac. These interventions allow
ings of ‘Akia, creating a bold edge along Wasp Boulevard. Kou trees punctuate the ground plane of contrasting textures, color and plant habitat. The entire system works to filter storm water runoff and provide a visually appealing, partially shaded, kinesthetic foreground to frame distant views. The central spine that extends from Wasp Boulevard features an outdoor dining terrace on alternat-ing areas of paving and lawn. A double allee of Loulu palms provides structure and spatial definition to the terrace. The shoreline zone is planted with Milo, Niu (Cocos nucifera), Hala, Naupaka, Pōhinahina, Pili, and other coastal plants, providing a distinct edge and erosion protection. The large open meadows on each side of the terrace are planted with the same native grasses utilized in the parking lot’s green infrastructure systems. These native grasses have excellent salt and wind tolerance, ease of maintenance, and a naturalized aesthetic.
Adjacent to the outdoor terrace is the site’s focal point: an amphitheater with a bronze Hawaiian star compass at its cen-ter. The compass is set into cut lava and
the site to perform storm water mitiga-tion via constructed native grass bio-swales that detain, cleanse and infiltrate rainwater runoff from the impervious parking surface. The bio-retention areas were planted with a rugged native grass mixture of Mau‘u ‘aki‘aki and ‘Aki‘aki, to withstand drought, periodic flood inundation, salt spray, and high soil salinity. They are also well suited to filter sediment and pollutants from the storm water runoff generated by the vast tarmac surface. Trees were intentionally omit-ted from the repurposed historic airfield area in deference to the historic cultural landscape character.
Continuing along the central axis from
concrete paving, surrounded by repur-posed concrete salvaged from the partial demolition of the historic tarmac. As visitors take in the view of Pearl Harbor, they are invited to pause and contemplate the relationships between the ancient Ha-waiian mariners and the NOAA scientists whose stories are so important to this landscape. On one hand, there are those who skillfully navigated the vast Pacific Ocean using stars, currents, wind, and careful observation as their instruments. On the other hand are those who employ extremely sensitive instruments and other cutting edge modern technology to make their observations and understand the environments of the Pacific and be-yond. This relationship between ancient and modern is one of the underlying themes expressed throughout the design of this project.
Water is a strong theme in the design of the NOAA Pacific Regional Center. The design team utilized the movement, transport, and treatment of water as another opportunity to express the blend-ing of ancient and modern practices. The relatively flat site required careful
the Noaapacific RegioNaL ceNteR
by wAyNE bALDwIN, bRIAN STUHR AND bRAD KUROKAwA
How Adaptive Reuse, Green Infrastructure, Culture, and Native Plants Come Together at a National
Historic Landmark
Photos courtesy: KI CONCePTS LLC
Front entrance to NOAA Pacific Regional Center
Bands of native Hawaiian plants along Wasp Boulevard. Note pervious paving and flush concrete bands with ahupua‘a names.
14 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 15THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
engineering of bio-retention areas and porous paving which treat, infiltrate and transport storm water before it flows into Pearl Harbor. These green infrastructure strategies are derived from processes found in nature and ancient techniques, very similar to the intricate engineering and ingenuity of the Hawaiian ‘auwai. The ‘auwai were systems of stone water channels that tapped into streams and directed fresh water, primarily to irrigate lo‘i kalo, taro fields. The ‘auwai controlled flooding, moderated microclimates and recycled nutrient flows. The landscape and building work together to harvest water from three primary sources; rain-water runoff from the roof, grey water from the building, and condensate from
the building’s cooling system. The water from these various collection networks is reused in the high performance, evapotranspiration-based central control irrigation system to water the landscape. In this way, the project provides a con-temporary response to the native wisdom of the Hawaiian culture while honoring the cultural significance of the site.
Ford Island was referred to as Moku ‘ume‘ume by the ancient Hawaiians, which means “the isle of attraction”. In the time since the first westerners arrived in their ships, changes have taken place in Hawai‘i, to both the people and the land. In this project, ancient wisdom and modern technology merge to tell the complex story of water, land, climate, and
navigation. While 20th century develop-ment may have paved over and obscured many of the historic qualities of this site, doing so created yet another layer of his-tory and meaning. The restorative and regenerative design of NOAA’s Pacific Regional Center is an important first step in revealing the many nuanced layers of cultural and environmental history that are present on Ford Island. This project is a step in the right direction. It is a small contribution to a growing body of exper-tise in sustainable, sensitive, and innova-tive design projects in Hawai‘i.
Wayne Baldwin, Brian Stuhr, Brad Kuro-kawa work at Ki Concepts LLC.
sustaiNiNg a Legacy
by JOSHLyN SAND
A Historic Tree Lives On With Many Partners
NOAA Pacific Regional Center overall site plan.
In the green industry, we love trees. It’s hard to say goodbye. It’s really hard when it’s one of the great ones…historic…iconic…exceptional. We had a kauri tree (Agathis robusta) at Foster Botani-
cal Garden we said a painful goodbye to in 2007. But, this story has an unexpected bright ending. I look back at all the people involved in this tree’s story, from begin-ning to end, and think how everyone just did it right.
The tree was planted in Foster Garden between 1853-1871 by Dr. William Hil-lebrand who leased the land from Queen Kalama for his personal residence. Dr. Hillebrand was ahead of his time in the sustainability movement. He traveled the world in search of plants that could help the islands become less dependent on imports and more economically viable. He campaigned for increasing locally made goods for the people and building strong export industries. He introduced the kauri to Hawai‘i as a timber source for the new (but short-lived) shipbuilding in-dustry, as well as other lumber needs. He planted it on the Main Terrace along with his other historic introductions, which stand proudly today as Exceptional Trees; the earpod, the kapoks, and the tropical almond.
The Foster kauri was also one of the Exceptional Tree Act “pioneers”. It was nominated in 1975; just a few years after this tree preservation program began as a statewide effort to protect our urban forest from rapid development. It was nominated by The American Forestry As-sociation, who noted it at the time as the largest kauri in the United States at 105’ high, 13’8” in circumference, with a crown spread of 88’.
But, the old giant had been markedly declining for about 15 years prior to its removal. Previous pruning cuts failed to compartmentalize leaving large cavities in the canopy and trunk. It was moni-tored and repeatedly evaluated by City arboriculture staff and independent
contractors. Both resistance drill analysis and sonic tomography was used over the years. In fact, this was the first tree in the state to be evaluated using tomographic technology by consulting arborist Steve Nimz. Ultimately, the Department of Urban Forestry, in agreement with the Mayor’s Arborist Advisory Committee on Exceptional Trees, concluded the tree was a hazard due to the extensive decay and high-target location and removal was unavoidable.
The removal was performed by Trees of Hawai‘i whose contract included removal and disposal of the wood. Individual agreements with woodworkers were the sole responsibility of Trees of Hawai‘i. The wood was expertly milled and pre-served to its fullest by Bart Potter.
Enter master woodworker, Joel Bright. Joel’s craftsmanship has been recognized with numerous awards at the Hawai‘i’s Woodshow including several first place categories. Joel is a contemporary wood-worker who has even designed custom pieces for the Imperial Family of Japan. This year, Joel entered a credenza made
from the Foster Garden kauri that had the woodworking community talking. In addition to the kauri, Joel used accents of pheasant wood (Senna saimea) from trees removed from the grounds of St. Andrew’s Cathedral in 1996. These trees were planted around the cathedral’s 1867 dedication, making them roughly the same age as the kauri. At this year’s Hawai‘i’s Woodshow, Joel was awarded the Award of Excellence, Career Recogni-tion, Furniture.
Missed the 2013 Hawai‘i’s Woodshow? It’s usually held in September at the Ho-nolulu Academy of Arts at Linekona. And, you can go online anytime and be in-spired by the craftsmanship of Hawai`i’s woodworkers thanks to The Hawai‘i For-est Industry Association (HFIA) website (www.hawaiiforest.org). There’s an excel-lent photo gallery of entries dating from 1993. You’ll be astounded at the talent we have here locally. Hawai‘i has master artisans creating tropical wood pieces that hold their own against any work being done worldwide. While you’re there check out the many ways HFIA promotes
Bart Potter sawing kauri billets. Bart is the owner of C. Barton Potter, Co. Sawmill and founding member of HFIA. As musician and producer of tonewood & veneers for fine instrument builders, Bart is passionate about forest preservation and responsible stewardship.
14 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 15THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
engineering of bio-retention areas and porous paving which treat, infiltrate and transport storm water before it flows into Pearl Harbor. These green infrastructure strategies are derived from processes found in nature and ancient techniques, very similar to the intricate engineering and ingenuity of the Hawaiian ‘auwai. The ‘auwai were systems of stone water channels that tapped into streams and directed fresh water, primarily to irrigate lo‘i kalo, taro fields. The ‘auwai controlled flooding, moderated microclimates and recycled nutrient flows. The landscape and building work together to harvest water from three primary sources; rain-water runoff from the roof, grey water from the building, and condensate from
the building’s cooling system. The water from these various collection networks is reused in the high performance, evapotranspiration-based central control irrigation system to water the landscape. In this way, the project provides a con-temporary response to the native wisdom of the Hawaiian culture while honoring the cultural significance of the site.
Ford Island was referred to as Moku ‘ume‘ume by the ancient Hawaiians, which means “the isle of attraction”. In the time since the first westerners arrived in their ships, changes have taken place in Hawai‘i, to both the people and the land. In this project, ancient wisdom and modern technology merge to tell the complex story of water, land, climate, and
navigation. While 20th century develop-ment may have paved over and obscured many of the historic qualities of this site, doing so created yet another layer of his-tory and meaning. The restorative and regenerative design of NOAA’s Pacific Regional Center is an important first step in revealing the many nuanced layers of cultural and environmental history that are present on Ford Island. This project is a step in the right direction. It is a small contribution to a growing body of exper-tise in sustainable, sensitive, and innova-tive design projects in Hawai‘i.
Wayne Baldwin, Brian Stuhr, Brad Kuro-kawa work at Ki Concepts LLC.
sustaiNiNg a Legacy
by JOSHLyN SAND
A Historic Tree Lives On With Many Partners
NOAA Pacific Regional Center overall site plan.
In the green industry, we love trees. It’s hard to say goodbye. It’s really hard when it’s one of the great ones…historic…iconic…exceptional. We had a kauri tree (Agathis robusta) at Foster Botani-
cal Garden we said a painful goodbye to in 2007. But, this story has an unexpected bright ending. I look back at all the people involved in this tree’s story, from begin-ning to end, and think how everyone just did it right.
The tree was planted in Foster Garden between 1853-1871 by Dr. William Hil-lebrand who leased the land from Queen Kalama for his personal residence. Dr. Hillebrand was ahead of his time in the sustainability movement. He traveled the world in search of plants that could help the islands become less dependent on imports and more economically viable. He campaigned for increasing locally made goods for the people and building strong export industries. He introduced the kauri to Hawai‘i as a timber source for the new (but short-lived) shipbuilding in-dustry, as well as other lumber needs. He planted it on the Main Terrace along with his other historic introductions, which stand proudly today as Exceptional Trees; the earpod, the kapoks, and the tropical almond.
The Foster kauri was also one of the Exceptional Tree Act “pioneers”. It was nominated in 1975; just a few years after this tree preservation program began as a statewide effort to protect our urban forest from rapid development. It was nominated by The American Forestry As-sociation, who noted it at the time as the largest kauri in the United States at 105’ high, 13’8” in circumference, with a crown spread of 88’.
But, the old giant had been markedly declining for about 15 years prior to its removal. Previous pruning cuts failed to compartmentalize leaving large cavities in the canopy and trunk. It was moni-tored and repeatedly evaluated by City arboriculture staff and independent
contractors. Both resistance drill analysis and sonic tomography was used over the years. In fact, this was the first tree in the state to be evaluated using tomographic technology by consulting arborist Steve Nimz. Ultimately, the Department of Urban Forestry, in agreement with the Mayor’s Arborist Advisory Committee on Exceptional Trees, concluded the tree was a hazard due to the extensive decay and high-target location and removal was unavoidable.
The removal was performed by Trees of Hawai‘i whose contract included removal and disposal of the wood. Individual agreements with woodworkers were the sole responsibility of Trees of Hawai‘i. The wood was expertly milled and pre-served to its fullest by Bart Potter.
Enter master woodworker, Joel Bright. Joel’s craftsmanship has been recognized with numerous awards at the Hawai‘i’s Woodshow including several first place categories. Joel is a contemporary wood-worker who has even designed custom pieces for the Imperial Family of Japan. This year, Joel entered a credenza made
from the Foster Garden kauri that had the woodworking community talking. In addition to the kauri, Joel used accents of pheasant wood (Senna saimea) from trees removed from the grounds of St. Andrew’s Cathedral in 1996. These trees were planted around the cathedral’s 1867 dedication, making them roughly the same age as the kauri. At this year’s Hawai‘i’s Woodshow, Joel was awarded the Award of Excellence, Career Recogni-tion, Furniture.
Missed the 2013 Hawai‘i’s Woodshow? It’s usually held in September at the Ho-nolulu Academy of Arts at Linekona. And, you can go online anytime and be in-spired by the craftsmanship of Hawai`i’s woodworkers thanks to The Hawai‘i For-est Industry Association (HFIA) website (www.hawaiiforest.org). There’s an excel-lent photo gallery of entries dating from 1993. You’ll be astounded at the talent we have here locally. Hawai‘i has master artisans creating tropical wood pieces that hold their own against any work being done worldwide. While you’re there check out the many ways HFIA promotes
Bart Potter sawing kauri billets. Bart is the owner of C. Barton Potter, Co. Sawmill and founding member of HFIA. As musician and producer of tonewood & veneers for fine instrument builders, Bart is passionate about forest preservation and responsible stewardship.
16 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 thE VOiCE OF hAWAii’S GREEN iNDUStRY HAWAIISCAPE.Com 17
• Specimen Trees in Boxes• Fruiting Trees• Palms• Topiaries• everything else
in Kona329-5702
sustainable Hawaiian forests. This non-profit works hard ad-vancing programs that encourage sound forestry practices for our $30.7 billion dollar forestry industry. Hat’s off to HFIA!
So, our old kauri lives on an amazing piece of art worthy of the great tree it came from. It lives on in the young tree propa-gated from it and planted just 75’ from where it once stood. It lives on in the lessons we learned while caring for it over the years; I think everyone would agree it made them better arbor-ists. And, who knows? Maybe someday in the distant future our baby kauri will be an Exceptional Tree, too.
And, for the tree nerds out there, two other kauri trees are listed on the Register of Exceptional Trees. One is at Lyon Arboretum (always worth a visit) and the other looms large and in-charge at the Mililani St. sidewalk by the Judiciary Building. Check them out!
Joshlyn Sand is a horticulturist and arborist for the Honolulu Botanical Gardens.
(Special thanks to Diana Tusher and Bart Potter for their kind help, photo assistance, and for interpreting the kauri so beautifully at the Hawai‘i’s Woodshow).
Photo: ROByN BUNTIN OF HONOLULU
Joel Bright was honored with the Award of Excellence, Career Recognition, Furniture at the 2013 Hawai‘i’s Woodshow. The show has been sponsored for 21 years by the HFIA and features world-class woodworking by local artisans.
The Hawaii Island Land-scape Association has taken a new and inter-esting direction in 2013 due to the influence of Vice President Winston
Ka‘uhane Morton. This direction is an exploration of Hawaiian culture, par-ticularly of native plants and the natural fibers produced from them and their use in old Hawaii.
Many of you may know Ka‘uhane already, as he is a well-known Hawai-ian plant expert and educator. Ka’uhane currently works on the Kona coast as landscape assistant manager for Kukio, a private residential community and golf and beach club. In addition, he plays a role as a cultural monitor and regularly gives tours of the Kukio property high-lighting historical trails and native Ha-waiian plants to the resort membership.
Ka‘uhane’s horticultural background began at the Waimea Arboretum and Botanical Garden on the north shore of Oahu working as a plant propagator. Later he worked for the Office of Ha-waiian Affairs as an Agricultural techni-cian for the Ho‘oulu Mea Kanu project teaching Hawaiian families how to grow native plants for economic development. Ka‘uhane’s next career change came when the National Park at Honaunau offered him an opportunity to live and work on the Big Island.
Ka‘uhane is a cultural artisan and prac-titioner interested in natural fibers and the ways plants were used in old Hawaii. Ka‘uhane joined our HILA board in 2012 and has endeavored to integrate cultural use of the landscape and education.
As a result of this endeavor HILA has held two cultural learning meetings oc-curring in early March and late August at the Kaupulehu Interpretive Center at Kalaemano, Kukio Resort.
These sunset time events opened with Ku‘ulei Keakealani, the Curator of the Kaupulehu Interpretive Center at Kalae-mano, telling of the history of this aina (as
well as her own family roots in this area) followed by Gary Eoff, Flynn Baggs, Kaipo Kalua‘u and Winston Ka‘uhane Morton as the cultural presenters for our member-ship and guests.
At the first meeting these cultural prac-tioners shared their mana‘o speaking about provisions of the canoe used by people of old Hawaii. They also highlighted some of the history of Kalaemano, and told the story of the Fair American incident, which took place at Kalaemano, and had a signifi-cant effect on the history of Hawaii and Kamehameha uniting the islands.
The topic at the second cultural event was how natural fiber and culture go hand in hand when looking at history and how people evolved in an island setting isolated from other continents. The cultural pre-senters discussed some of the ways natural fiber was used in old Hawaii for fishing. The presentation also showed replicas of fish traps, cordage, and lures for catching fish and octopus, and touched on the future of shoreline conservation in West Hawaii.
Both of these events were well attended
by both HILA membership and the Kona community. The event guests enjoyed the interesting cultural presentations, the beautiful coastal views of the Kona coast from the Interpretive center, and compli-mentary pupus and beverages served by HILA.
HILA would like to thank Kukio Resort, Ku’ulei Keakealani, Gary Eoff, Flynn Baggs, Kaipo Kalua‘u, Winston Ka‘uhane Morton and all of our attendees of the event. This new direction of cultural exploration and discovery will be an interesting and ongoing HILA activity thanks to the manao of Ka‘uhane and his cultural ohana.
Christopher McCullough is the President of the Hawaii Island Landscape Association and a Board Member of the Land-
scape Industry Council of Hawaii, as well as the Head
Horticulturist for DFI Resources LLC.
hoRticuLtuRe meetshawaiiaN cuLtuRe
by CHRISTOPHER MCCULLOUGH
Photo: eRIN Lee
Gary Eoff, cultural practitioner.
16 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 thE VOiCE OF hAWAii’S GREEN iNDUStRY HAWAIISCAPE.Com 17
• Specimen Trees in Boxes• Fruiting Trees• Palms• Topiaries• everything else
in Kona329-5702
sustainable Hawaiian forests. This non-profit works hard ad-vancing programs that encourage sound forestry practices for our $30.7 billion dollar forestry industry. Hat’s off to HFIA!
So, our old kauri lives on an amazing piece of art worthy of the great tree it came from. It lives on in the young tree propa-gated from it and planted just 75’ from where it once stood. It lives on in the lessons we learned while caring for it over the years; I think everyone would agree it made them better arbor-ists. And, who knows? Maybe someday in the distant future our baby kauri will be an Exceptional Tree, too.
And, for the tree nerds out there, two other kauri trees are listed on the Register of Exceptional Trees. One is at Lyon Arboretum (always worth a visit) and the other looms large and in-charge at the Mililani St. sidewalk by the Judiciary Building. Check them out!
Joshlyn Sand is a horticulturist and arborist for the Honolulu Botanical Gardens.
(Special thanks to Diana Tusher and Bart Potter for their kind help, photo assistance, and for interpreting the kauri so beautifully at the Hawai‘i’s Woodshow).
Photo: ROByN BUNTIN OF HONOLULU
Joel Bright was honored with the Award of Excellence, Career Recognition, Furniture at the 2013 Hawai‘i’s Woodshow. The show has been sponsored for 21 years by the HFIA and features world-class woodworking by local artisans.
The Hawaii Island Land-scape Association has taken a new and inter-esting direction in 2013 due to the influence of Vice President Winston
Ka‘uhane Morton. This direction is an exploration of Hawaiian culture, par-ticularly of native plants and the natural fibers produced from them and their use in old Hawaii.
Many of you may know Ka‘uhane already, as he is a well-known Hawai-ian plant expert and educator. Ka’uhane currently works on the Kona coast as landscape assistant manager for Kukio, a private residential community and golf and beach club. In addition, he plays a role as a cultural monitor and regularly gives tours of the Kukio property high-lighting historical trails and native Ha-waiian plants to the resort membership.
Ka‘uhane’s horticultural background began at the Waimea Arboretum and Botanical Garden on the north shore of Oahu working as a plant propagator. Later he worked for the Office of Ha-waiian Affairs as an Agricultural techni-cian for the Ho‘oulu Mea Kanu project teaching Hawaiian families how to grow native plants for economic development. Ka‘uhane’s next career change came when the National Park at Honaunau offered him an opportunity to live and work on the Big Island.
Ka‘uhane is a cultural artisan and prac-titioner interested in natural fibers and the ways plants were used in old Hawaii. Ka‘uhane joined our HILA board in 2012 and has endeavored to integrate cultural use of the landscape and education.
As a result of this endeavor HILA has held two cultural learning meetings oc-curring in early March and late August at the Kaupulehu Interpretive Center at Kalaemano, Kukio Resort.
These sunset time events opened with Ku‘ulei Keakealani, the Curator of the Kaupulehu Interpretive Center at Kalae-mano, telling of the history of this aina (as
well as her own family roots in this area) followed by Gary Eoff, Flynn Baggs, Kaipo Kalua‘u and Winston Ka‘uhane Morton as the cultural presenters for our member-ship and guests.
At the first meeting these cultural prac-tioners shared their mana‘o speaking about provisions of the canoe used by people of old Hawaii. They also highlighted some of the history of Kalaemano, and told the story of the Fair American incident, which took place at Kalaemano, and had a signifi-cant effect on the history of Hawaii and Kamehameha uniting the islands.
The topic at the second cultural event was how natural fiber and culture go hand in hand when looking at history and how people evolved in an island setting isolated from other continents. The cultural pre-senters discussed some of the ways natural fiber was used in old Hawaii for fishing. The presentation also showed replicas of fish traps, cordage, and lures for catching fish and octopus, and touched on the future of shoreline conservation in West Hawaii.
Both of these events were well attended
by both HILA membership and the Kona community. The event guests enjoyed the interesting cultural presentations, the beautiful coastal views of the Kona coast from the Interpretive center, and compli-mentary pupus and beverages served by HILA.
HILA would like to thank Kukio Resort, Ku’ulei Keakealani, Gary Eoff, Flynn Baggs, Kaipo Kalua‘u, Winston Ka‘uhane Morton and all of our attendees of the event. This new direction of cultural exploration and discovery will be an interesting and ongoing HILA activity thanks to the manao of Ka‘uhane and his cultural ohana.
Christopher McCullough is the President of the Hawaii Island Landscape Association and a Board Member of the Land-
scape Industry Council of Hawaii, as well as the Head
Horticulturist for DFI Resources LLC.
hoRticuLtuRe meetshawaiiaN cuLtuRe
by CHRISTOPHER MCCULLOUGH
Photo: eRIN Lee
Gary Eoff, cultural practitioner.
18 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 19THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Ahhh Mango… easily the most ubiquitous back-yard tree of the Hawaiian Islands, and probably one of the most widely consumed tropical fruits
in the world, right up there with bananas and avocados. For many years Mango was my favorite fruit, with its sweet, rich flavor and enticing aroma. Of course that was before I discovered the wide world of fruits beyond the supermarket. But I still treasure a good mango, especially since learning to appreciate the wide diversity of cultivated varieties, or cultivars, grown in Hawaii. In fact today there are literally hundreds of different cultivars of Man-gos coming in a dazzling array of colors, textures, scents, and flavors. But all this diversity is from the same species, botani-cally speaking, Mangifera indica.
The Indian Mango, also called the Common Mango (M. indica), is native to
Southern Asia, primarily India and Burma (Myanmar).
Its cultivation stretches back
for many millennia,
and from India it spread widely across
much of tropical Asia and into Africa. After Spanish colonization of the Philip-pines in 1521, the Mango was brought to tropical Nueva España (present day Mexico and Central America). Likewise, Portugese traders carried the Mango from their African colonies to Brazil, from which it spread to the Caribbean. In a rel-atively short period of time it had become as common throughout tropical America as it was in tropical Asia. Sometime in the early nineteenth century the Mango was brought from Mexico to Hawaii, where it was received favorably. Early introduc-tions became the “common” or “Hawai-ian” mango, vigorous but small-fruited and stringy. After the initial introductions more varieties, first from the Caribbean and later from India, further enriched the Islands’ Mango selection. Over the years homegrown local varieties have been selected, while newer improved cultivars have continued to be introduced from Mango growing regions of the world and have added to the wide diversity of Mangos that now fill the backyards and markets of Hawaii.
Anyone who’s had a truly prime Mango could understand why it has often been referred to as the “King of Fruits.” But not so many people are aware that over sixty other species have been identified in the genus Mangifera, with at least twenty-six of these bearing edible fruit! If Mangifera indica is the King, surely some of these other species must qualify at least as members of the royal court, perhaps even princes (or princesses) worthy of more attention. Why have so few people ever heard of these Mango relatives? For one, many have much more restricted distributions than their kingly cousin, with the highest diversity of species in the under-explored and under-studied islands of Borneo, Sumatra, Java and in Peninsular Malaysia. Another reason is
that within the areas where these species may occur naturally they are often spread
out in otherwise very thick forest, appear-ing singly in low densities across the land-scape. Lastly, fruits of these species may be locally abundant when in season, but are seldom commercialized or exported beyond their place of origin.
However, pioneering efforts by tropical fruit collectors and explorers have started to shine some light on at least a handful of these lesser-known Mango relatives. In Hawaii, Frank Sekiya and his wife Lynn Tsuruda having been growing the follow-ing trees at their Waimanalo nursery and orchard:
Mangifera lalijiwa: known simply as Lalijiwa, just like the specific epithet, this handsome tree closely resembles the Common Mango, in appearance of plant and fruit. Indigenous to Indonesia (Suma-tra, Java, Bali) where it is highly valued in local markets, this Mango relative is only starting to get some attention among rare fruit growers and tropical fruit con-noisseurs beyond its native range. It is vigorous and bears good size fruit that are enjoyed as an excellent green Mango. If allowed to fully ripen the fruit turns from light green to yellow, and tastes very simi-lar to pure sugar cane juice. The smooth sweet flavor is widely appealing, especially to those who may not like the stronger tones of many Common Mango varieties. This tree can bear regularly every sum-mer, and sometimes even produces a sec-ond winter crop. Propagation can be by grafting, either onto seedlings of the same species, seedlings of M. indica, or perhaps even other Mangifera species. The seeds are polyembryonic and should also come true if planted directly. In its native range wild Lalijiwa trees are threatened by encroaching agriculture and logging, and the International Union for the Conser-vation of Nature (IUCN) includes the species on its Red List under the category of Data Deficient.
Mangifera casturi: Referred to as Kas-turi, or in English as Kalimantan Mango (I would definitely prefer the former name so as not to confuse this with the Common Mango; Plums, Cherries, and Peaches are all in the same genus too, and we don’t call them by different variations of the same name!), this mango relative might not earn a second glance from the casual observer if you were to just see the tree without the fruit. But the fruit is noticeably different from the Common Mango. Kasturi fruits look like diminutive versions of a regular Mango, maybe half or a third of the size, with a uniform pur-
ple-black skin speckled with tiny yellow spots. The skin may have a slight glaucous covering that is easily rubbed off, reveal-ing a glossy surface. Within, the flesh is a deep orange, somewhat fibrous but very rich and aromatic, with a flavor that is reminiscent of a good Mango combined with the complexity of Passion Fruit. Sweet and juicy, it is easy to overlook the fibers when consuming one of these deli-cious rarities. Native to the far Southern tip of Borneo, within the Indonesian territory of Kalimantan, the Kasturi has a very restricted natural range and is believed to be endemic to the area around Benjarmasin. There are apparently several different types of Kasturi fruit, with vary-ing skin color and even flavor. In Hawaii the tree bears regularly in early summer. Propagation can be through grafting onto
seedlings of the same species or other Mangifera species, or by planting the polyembryonic seeds directly. The high quality of Kasturi fruits have long been recognized and it is cultivated and locally common in markets of Benjarmasin. This is fortunate, because M. casturi is listed as Extinct in the Wild on the IUCN Red List, and it is feared that due to illegal logging all natural occurrences of this tree may have been extirpated from what remains of the surrounding forests.
Bouea macrophylla: Even though its not in the genus Mangifera and may not be as closely related to the Com-mon Mango as the Lalijiwa or Kasturi, its still a Mango relative (in the same family, Anacardiaceae) worth mentioning and deserving of more attention. I was introduced to this delicious gem by the
iNfatuated with maNgo?Maybe it’s Time to Meet the Relatives
ADAM M. WiLLiAMS
FRUITlow hanging
Adam M. Williams
Kasturi (Mangifera casturi)Photo: ADAM M. WILLIAMS
18 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 19THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Ahhh Mango… easily the most ubiquitous back-yard tree of the Hawaiian Islands, and probably one of the most widely consumed tropical fruits
in the world, right up there with bananas and avocados. For many years Mango was my favorite fruit, with its sweet, rich flavor and enticing aroma. Of course that was before I discovered the wide world of fruits beyond the supermarket. But I still treasure a good mango, especially since learning to appreciate the wide diversity of cultivated varieties, or cultivars, grown in Hawaii. In fact today there are literally hundreds of different cultivars of Man-gos coming in a dazzling array of colors, textures, scents, and flavors. But all this diversity is from the same species, botani-cally speaking, Mangifera indica.
The Indian Mango, also called the Common Mango (M. indica), is native to
Southern Asia, primarily India and Burma (Myanmar).
Its cultivation stretches back
for many millennia,
and from India it spread widely across
much of tropical Asia and into Africa. After Spanish colonization of the Philip-pines in 1521, the Mango was brought to tropical Nueva España (present day Mexico and Central America). Likewise, Portugese traders carried the Mango from their African colonies to Brazil, from which it spread to the Caribbean. In a rel-atively short period of time it had become as common throughout tropical America as it was in tropical Asia. Sometime in the early nineteenth century the Mango was brought from Mexico to Hawaii, where it was received favorably. Early introduc-tions became the “common” or “Hawai-ian” mango, vigorous but small-fruited and stringy. After the initial introductions more varieties, first from the Caribbean and later from India, further enriched the Islands’ Mango selection. Over the years homegrown local varieties have been selected, while newer improved cultivars have continued to be introduced from Mango growing regions of the world and have added to the wide diversity of Mangos that now fill the backyards and markets of Hawaii.
Anyone who’s had a truly prime Mango could understand why it has often been referred to as the “King of Fruits.” But not so many people are aware that over sixty other species have been identified in the genus Mangifera, with at least twenty-six of these bearing edible fruit! If Mangifera indica is the King, surely some of these other species must qualify at least as members of the royal court, perhaps even princes (or princesses) worthy of more attention. Why have so few people ever heard of these Mango relatives? For one, many have much more restricted distributions than their kingly cousin, with the highest diversity of species in the under-explored and under-studied islands of Borneo, Sumatra, Java and in Peninsular Malaysia. Another reason is
that within the areas where these species may occur naturally they are often spread
out in otherwise very thick forest, appear-ing singly in low densities across the land-scape. Lastly, fruits of these species may be locally abundant when in season, but are seldom commercialized or exported beyond their place of origin.
However, pioneering efforts by tropical fruit collectors and explorers have started to shine some light on at least a handful of these lesser-known Mango relatives. In Hawaii, Frank Sekiya and his wife Lynn Tsuruda having been growing the follow-ing trees at their Waimanalo nursery and orchard:
Mangifera lalijiwa: known simply as Lalijiwa, just like the specific epithet, this handsome tree closely resembles the Common Mango, in appearance of plant and fruit. Indigenous to Indonesia (Suma-tra, Java, Bali) where it is highly valued in local markets, this Mango relative is only starting to get some attention among rare fruit growers and tropical fruit con-noisseurs beyond its native range. It is vigorous and bears good size fruit that are enjoyed as an excellent green Mango. If allowed to fully ripen the fruit turns from light green to yellow, and tastes very simi-lar to pure sugar cane juice. The smooth sweet flavor is widely appealing, especially to those who may not like the stronger tones of many Common Mango varieties. This tree can bear regularly every sum-mer, and sometimes even produces a sec-ond winter crop. Propagation can be by grafting, either onto seedlings of the same species, seedlings of M. indica, or perhaps even other Mangifera species. The seeds are polyembryonic and should also come true if planted directly. In its native range wild Lalijiwa trees are threatened by encroaching agriculture and logging, and the International Union for the Conser-vation of Nature (IUCN) includes the species on its Red List under the category of Data Deficient.
Mangifera casturi: Referred to as Kas-turi, or in English as Kalimantan Mango (I would definitely prefer the former name so as not to confuse this with the Common Mango; Plums, Cherries, and Peaches are all in the same genus too, and we don’t call them by different variations of the same name!), this mango relative might not earn a second glance from the casual observer if you were to just see the tree without the fruit. But the fruit is noticeably different from the Common Mango. Kasturi fruits look like diminutive versions of a regular Mango, maybe half or a third of the size, with a uniform pur-
ple-black skin speckled with tiny yellow spots. The skin may have a slight glaucous covering that is easily rubbed off, reveal-ing a glossy surface. Within, the flesh is a deep orange, somewhat fibrous but very rich and aromatic, with a flavor that is reminiscent of a good Mango combined with the complexity of Passion Fruit. Sweet and juicy, it is easy to overlook the fibers when consuming one of these deli-cious rarities. Native to the far Southern tip of Borneo, within the Indonesian territory of Kalimantan, the Kasturi has a very restricted natural range and is believed to be endemic to the area around Benjarmasin. There are apparently several different types of Kasturi fruit, with vary-ing skin color and even flavor. In Hawaii the tree bears regularly in early summer. Propagation can be through grafting onto
seedlings of the same species or other Mangifera species, or by planting the polyembryonic seeds directly. The high quality of Kasturi fruits have long been recognized and it is cultivated and locally common in markets of Benjarmasin. This is fortunate, because M. casturi is listed as Extinct in the Wild on the IUCN Red List, and it is feared that due to illegal logging all natural occurrences of this tree may have been extirpated from what remains of the surrounding forests.
Bouea macrophylla: Even though its not in the genus Mangifera and may not be as closely related to the Com-mon Mango as the Lalijiwa or Kasturi, its still a Mango relative (in the same family, Anacardiaceae) worth mentioning and deserving of more attention. I was introduced to this delicious gem by the
iNfatuated with maNgo?Maybe it’s Time to Meet the Relatives
ADAM M. WiLLiAMS
FRUITlow hanging
Adam M. Williams
Kasturi (Mangifera casturi)Photo: ADAM M. WILLIAMS
20 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 21THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
name Maprang, a Thai name, but it has several others across the range of its pres-ent cultivation. The native distribution of B. macrophylla is restricted to Northern Java, Western Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia, but it is cultivated across parts of Borneo, the Philippines and up into Thailand. It is known variously as Gan-daria (Indonesia, Philippines), Rembunia (Malay), Somprang or Maprang (Thai), as I first heard it. This tree does look a little different than the Common Mango, hav-ing smaller leaves that are arranged op-posite each other (instead of alternating in Mangifera species). Maprang fruits look kind of like small yellow Mangoes (even smaller than Kasturi, only slightly bigger than eggs), with some varieties having a typical oblong Mango shape, while others can be perfectly round. But due to a very thin skin, the Maprang can be eaten with-out peeling, bitten into directly out of hand! The flavor is sweet and lightly tart, like a combination of Plum and Mango. The texture is smooth with hardly any fibers and very juicy. In Hawaii, Maprang bears reliably in early summer, similar to the Kasturi. Propagation can be by graft-ing, but only onto seedlings of the same species; it is not graft-compatible with Mangifera species. The seeds are believed to be polyembryonic and, if sown directly, will likely come true. Maprang seedlings grow quite slow and have a long juvenile period during which they need protec-tion and pampering. As the tree matures it does become stronger, but will still benefit from sheltered, moist conditions with regular water. Maprang has become quite important as an expanding fruit crop in Thailand, which has even started to export the fruit and select cultivars for improved qualities.
Although most of the obscure and rare Mango relatives will never achieve the level of fame and fortune of their Kingly cousin, Mangifera indica, Mango lovers and growers the world ‘round would be foolish to overlook them. The Indian Mango may be widely adapted to a range of different environments, from tropical to subtropical across four continents, but its native range is primarily dominated by a monsoon climate. This means a rela-tively dry winter when flowers develop and very wet monsoon rains June through September. As anyone who’s observed Mango trees in the wetter, windward sides of Hawaii has seen, if winter rains occur while the Mango trees are flowering it will often result in ruined flowers and little to no harvest the following season.
Or, if fruits do develop, they are frequent-ly afflicted with ugly black spots. Both of these conditions are caused by Mango Anthracnose, a fungal disease that is the most serious pathogen to Mango growers all over the world. Choosing a variety of Common Mango that has been shown to have some Anthracnose resistance is help-ful, but overall this disease has restricted Mango cultivation to hot, dry, leeward sides of all the Main Islands.
However, the Lalijiwa, Kasturi, and Maprang (as well as many of the other rare Mango relatives) are all indigenous to ever-wet tropical areas and have dem-onstrated almost complete resistance to Mango Anthracnose, bearing consis-tently in Hawaii even following very wet winters. Not only do many of these trees have great potential for improvement and development as successful fruit crops on their own, there also exists a huge potential for these and other Mangifera species to be used to breed Anthracnose resistance into the Common Mango, to serve as invaluable genetic resources for the continued improvement of the “King of Fruits.” Much dedicated work remains to be done on this front, but only if the rare relatives can be preserved in their native range, saved from the destruc-tion of logging and deforestation which continues unheeded throughout much of Tropical Asia.
But breeding Mango trees, or any long-lived tropical fruit tree, is a very lengthy process that will require decades-long commitments and dedicated researchers. If you live in a wet area and wish you could grow a Mango tree but don’t want to wait for tree
crop improvement programs, perhaps you should consider planting one of these delicious alternatives. Or maybe you just want to appreciate and enjoy something different and do your part to preserve and promote the cultivation of spectacular rare fruit tree in your own backyard. To try fruits in season, acquire a grafted tree, or for more information, please contact Frankie’s Nursery in Waimanalo, Oahu, at (808)-259-8737.
References and further reading: Kostermans, Andre J.G.H, Jean-Marie
Bompard, and International Board for Plant Genetic Resources. The Mangoes: Their Botany, Nomenclature, Horticulture and Utilization. Waltham: Academic Press, 1993. Print.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Mangifera lalijiwa. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Spe-cies. Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 13 October 2013.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Mangifera casturi. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Spe-cies. Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 13 October 2013.
Adam M. Williams is an avid gardener, native plant
advocate, and tropical fruit enthusiast.
pLaNt poNo:Native pLaNt aLteRNatives
Photo courtesy: WIKIMeDIA COMMONS
Maprang (B. macrophylla)
Lalijiwa (Mangifera lalijiwa)Photo courtesy: FRANKIe’S NURSeRy
The landscaping industry in Hawaii utilizes many plants to create gorgeous landscapes across the state. While not everyone agrees on which plants are
or have the potential to become invasive and should be avoided, it is agreed that planting attractive, well suited, easy to maintain plants are universally desirable. The use of native plants in our landscapes provides many benefits: promotion of Hawai‘i’s unique plant species, native plants inability to cause harmful effects in the ecosystem if they spread, and lower fertilizer and water requirements when planted in the appropriate places.
Below are eleven commonly used landscaping plants that have received a Hawai‘i Pacific Weed Risk Assessment (HPWRA) score determining high risk for becoming invasive, and an alternative native plant to consider using instead. To learn more about the HPWRA, find ad-ditional pono plants, and to see results for screened plants, visit www.plantpono.org.
1. Wedelia (Sphagneticola trilobata),
HPWRA score 16 Wedelia is a creeping, mat-
forming groundcover often planted in poor soils. ‘Ilie‘e (Plumbago zeylanica) is a long-lived spreading ground cover that grows in partial shade to full sun and can toler-ate both wet and dry conditions. It can be planted in dry, wind prone areas and is somewhat salt tolerant. ‘Ilie‘e is a very strong groundcover and can be planted to address soil erosion, but is also attrac-tive with white flowers and wavy leaves. Growing up to 24”, it spreads easily, grows quickly and tolerates heavy pruning.
Other possibilities: Nehe (Lipochaeta succulenta; Melanthera lavarum), Koo-koolau (Bidens hillebrandiana)
2. Chinese Privot (Ligustrum sinense), HPWRA score 11
Privot is a quick growing, thick shrub often used as a privacy hedge. Alahe‘e (Psy-
drax odorata) grows in both wet and dry areas, and is noted for its resemblance to mock orange. Alahe‘e makes an excellent privacy hedge; it has glossy green leaves and bears small, white fragrant flowers. This plant will tolerate pruning and will typically grow to about 30’. While this plant is tough, it is slow growing.
Other possibilities: Naupaka huahiwi (Scaevola gaudichaudii), Aalii (Dodonaea viscose)
3. Australian Tree Fern (Sphaeropteris cooperi), HPWRA score 8
Australian Tree Ferns (ATF) were very commonly used up to 10 years ago, but due to severe impacts to watersheds in Hawaii, ATF are no longer used in the industry. Perhaps the most obvious replacement for the ATF, espe-cially for sites with partial shade and wet conditions, is the native tree fern, hapu‘u. It prefers moist areas with well-drained soil. Cibotium glaucum is perhaps the most popular and easy to grow hapu‘u, but Cibotium meniesii is also a great choice, especially for sites at higher eleva-tions.
Loulu palms (Pritchardia sp.) are also a good alternative for ATF in sunny areas; there are many native species of
Loulu and each has different needs; most require moist conditions in well-drained soils. Due to cross-pollination concerns, conservationists prefer to keep Loulus separate and on the island they originated from. Pritchardia minor is a lovely palm from the Alakai Swamp on Kaua‘i which grows to about 30’, and takes partial shade to full sun. Oahu’s Pritchardia martii can grow to 15’ with a 10’ canopy spread in partial to full sun. Pritchardia beccariana is believed to have grown on lowlands throughout the state; it is a shorter palm (15’) that requires partial to full sun. Maui’s Pritchardia glabrata is a very short palm with a canopy up to 12’; it tends to prefer partial sun, especially at sea level.
4. Black Eyed Susan (Thunbergia alata), HPWRA score 14
Thunbergia is a very popu-lar, fast growing vine offering colorful flowers grown in hanging baskets, on fences, and on trellises. Alternatively, the Nuku‘i‘iwi (Strongylodon ruber) is a vine with a stun-ning red flower that is related to the jade vine. The clusters of 1 inch red flowers look spectacular when they hang down. It pre-fers partial shade and requires well-drained soil; this vine will need to be draped on a very strong tree or other support.
Wedelia (Sphagneticola trilobata)
16
14
8
11
20 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 21THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
name Maprang, a Thai name, but it has several others across the range of its pres-ent cultivation. The native distribution of B. macrophylla is restricted to Northern Java, Western Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia, but it is cultivated across parts of Borneo, the Philippines and up into Thailand. It is known variously as Gan-daria (Indonesia, Philippines), Rembunia (Malay), Somprang or Maprang (Thai), as I first heard it. This tree does look a little different than the Common Mango, hav-ing smaller leaves that are arranged op-posite each other (instead of alternating in Mangifera species). Maprang fruits look kind of like small yellow Mangoes (even smaller than Kasturi, only slightly bigger than eggs), with some varieties having a typical oblong Mango shape, while others can be perfectly round. But due to a very thin skin, the Maprang can be eaten with-out peeling, bitten into directly out of hand! The flavor is sweet and lightly tart, like a combination of Plum and Mango. The texture is smooth with hardly any fibers and very juicy. In Hawaii, Maprang bears reliably in early summer, similar to the Kasturi. Propagation can be by graft-ing, but only onto seedlings of the same species; it is not graft-compatible with Mangifera species. The seeds are believed to be polyembryonic and, if sown directly, will likely come true. Maprang seedlings grow quite slow and have a long juvenile period during which they need protec-tion and pampering. As the tree matures it does become stronger, but will still benefit from sheltered, moist conditions with regular water. Maprang has become quite important as an expanding fruit crop in Thailand, which has even started to export the fruit and select cultivars for improved qualities.
Although most of the obscure and rare Mango relatives will never achieve the level of fame and fortune of their Kingly cousin, Mangifera indica, Mango lovers and growers the world ‘round would be foolish to overlook them. The Indian Mango may be widely adapted to a range of different environments, from tropical to subtropical across four continents, but its native range is primarily dominated by a monsoon climate. This means a rela-tively dry winter when flowers develop and very wet monsoon rains June through September. As anyone who’s observed Mango trees in the wetter, windward sides of Hawaii has seen, if winter rains occur while the Mango trees are flowering it will often result in ruined flowers and little to no harvest the following season.
Or, if fruits do develop, they are frequent-ly afflicted with ugly black spots. Both of these conditions are caused by Mango Anthracnose, a fungal disease that is the most serious pathogen to Mango growers all over the world. Choosing a variety of Common Mango that has been shown to have some Anthracnose resistance is help-ful, but overall this disease has restricted Mango cultivation to hot, dry, leeward sides of all the Main Islands.
However, the Lalijiwa, Kasturi, and Maprang (as well as many of the other rare Mango relatives) are all indigenous to ever-wet tropical areas and have dem-onstrated almost complete resistance to Mango Anthracnose, bearing consis-tently in Hawaii even following very wet winters. Not only do many of these trees have great potential for improvement and development as successful fruit crops on their own, there also exists a huge potential for these and other Mangifera species to be used to breed Anthracnose resistance into the Common Mango, to serve as invaluable genetic resources for the continued improvement of the “King of Fruits.” Much dedicated work remains to be done on this front, but only if the rare relatives can be preserved in their native range, saved from the destruc-tion of logging and deforestation which continues unheeded throughout much of Tropical Asia.
But breeding Mango trees, or any long-lived tropical fruit tree, is a very lengthy process that will require decades-long commitments and dedicated researchers. If you live in a wet area and wish you could grow a Mango tree but don’t want to wait for tree
crop improvement programs, perhaps you should consider planting one of these delicious alternatives. Or maybe you just want to appreciate and enjoy something different and do your part to preserve and promote the cultivation of spectacular rare fruit tree in your own backyard. To try fruits in season, acquire a grafted tree, or for more information, please contact Frankie’s Nursery in Waimanalo, Oahu, at (808)-259-8737.
References and further reading: Kostermans, Andre J.G.H, Jean-Marie
Bompard, and International Board for Plant Genetic Resources. The Mangoes: Their Botany, Nomenclature, Horticulture and Utilization. Waltham: Academic Press, 1993. Print.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Mangifera lalijiwa. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Spe-cies. Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 13 October 2013.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Mangifera casturi. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Spe-cies. Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 13 October 2013.
Adam M. Williams is an avid gardener, native plant
advocate, and tropical fruit enthusiast.
pLaNt poNo:Native pLaNt aLteRNatives
Photo courtesy: WIKIMeDIA COMMONS
Maprang (B. macrophylla)
Lalijiwa (Mangifera lalijiwa)Photo courtesy: FRANKIe’S NURSeRy
The landscaping industry in Hawaii utilizes many plants to create gorgeous landscapes across the state. While not everyone agrees on which plants are
or have the potential to become invasive and should be avoided, it is agreed that planting attractive, well suited, easy to maintain plants are universally desirable. The use of native plants in our landscapes provides many benefits: promotion of Hawai‘i’s unique plant species, native plants inability to cause harmful effects in the ecosystem if they spread, and lower fertilizer and water requirements when planted in the appropriate places.
Below are eleven commonly used landscaping plants that have received a Hawai‘i Pacific Weed Risk Assessment (HPWRA) score determining high risk for becoming invasive, and an alternative native plant to consider using instead. To learn more about the HPWRA, find ad-ditional pono plants, and to see results for screened plants, visit www.plantpono.org.
1. Wedelia (Sphagneticola trilobata),
HPWRA score 16 Wedelia is a creeping, mat-
forming groundcover often planted in poor soils. ‘Ilie‘e (Plumbago zeylanica) is a long-lived spreading ground cover that grows in partial shade to full sun and can toler-ate both wet and dry conditions. It can be planted in dry, wind prone areas and is somewhat salt tolerant. ‘Ilie‘e is a very strong groundcover and can be planted to address soil erosion, but is also attrac-tive with white flowers and wavy leaves. Growing up to 24”, it spreads easily, grows quickly and tolerates heavy pruning.
Other possibilities: Nehe (Lipochaeta succulenta; Melanthera lavarum), Koo-koolau (Bidens hillebrandiana)
2. Chinese Privot (Ligustrum sinense), HPWRA score 11
Privot is a quick growing, thick shrub often used as a privacy hedge. Alahe‘e (Psy-
drax odorata) grows in both wet and dry areas, and is noted for its resemblance to mock orange. Alahe‘e makes an excellent privacy hedge; it has glossy green leaves and bears small, white fragrant flowers. This plant will tolerate pruning and will typically grow to about 30’. While this plant is tough, it is slow growing.
Other possibilities: Naupaka huahiwi (Scaevola gaudichaudii), Aalii (Dodonaea viscose)
3. Australian Tree Fern (Sphaeropteris cooperi), HPWRA score 8
Australian Tree Ferns (ATF) were very commonly used up to 10 years ago, but due to severe impacts to watersheds in Hawaii, ATF are no longer used in the industry. Perhaps the most obvious replacement for the ATF, espe-cially for sites with partial shade and wet conditions, is the native tree fern, hapu‘u. It prefers moist areas with well-drained soil. Cibotium glaucum is perhaps the most popular and easy to grow hapu‘u, but Cibotium meniesii is also a great choice, especially for sites at higher eleva-tions.
Loulu palms (Pritchardia sp.) are also a good alternative for ATF in sunny areas; there are many native species of
Loulu and each has different needs; most require moist conditions in well-drained soils. Due to cross-pollination concerns, conservationists prefer to keep Loulus separate and on the island they originated from. Pritchardia minor is a lovely palm from the Alakai Swamp on Kaua‘i which grows to about 30’, and takes partial shade to full sun. Oahu’s Pritchardia martii can grow to 15’ with a 10’ canopy spread in partial to full sun. Pritchardia beccariana is believed to have grown on lowlands throughout the state; it is a shorter palm (15’) that requires partial to full sun. Maui’s Pritchardia glabrata is a very short palm with a canopy up to 12’; it tends to prefer partial sun, especially at sea level.
4. Black Eyed Susan (Thunbergia alata), HPWRA score 14
Thunbergia is a very popu-lar, fast growing vine offering colorful flowers grown in hanging baskets, on fences, and on trellises. Alternatively, the Nuku‘i‘iwi (Strongylodon ruber) is a vine with a stun-ning red flower that is related to the jade vine. The clusters of 1 inch red flowers look spectacular when they hang down. It pre-fers partial shade and requires well-drained soil; this vine will need to be draped on a very strong tree or other support.
Wedelia (Sphagneticola trilobata)
16
14
8
11
22 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013
Other possibilities: ka‘e‘e (Mucuna gigantea), ‘Awikiwiki (Canavalia spp.), or Nanea (Vigna marina)
5. Bronze leaf Clerodendron (Cleroden-dron quadriloculare), HPWRA score 11
Clerodendron is a small tree with green and dark purple leaves that produces many suckers and runners. The native ebony, lama (Diospyros sandwicensis or D. hillebrandii), is a tough, attractive tree; most leaves are dark green, but new growth is a striking red color. The sapwood is white and is said to rep-resent enlightenment. Lama grows well in dryer areas and will reach a maximum height of about 35’ with a spread of about 20’. It does not do well in a pot and must be out-planted for ideal vigor.
Other possibilities: Kolea lau nui (Myrsine lessertiana), Maua (Xylosma ha-waiiense), Kulu‘i (Nototrichium spp.)
6. Lantana (Lantana camara), HPWRA score 32
Lantana is a commonly used groundcover that thrives in dry areas; flowers are arranged in small rosettes and come in multiple colors. Maiapilo (Capparis sandwichiana) grows in coastal lowlands and rocky cliffs. It has silvery leaves and produces a very large and very fragrant flower. The stunning flower opens in the evening and will fade away by midday. The plant grows to 2’ in height and can have a spread of up to 10’. Maiap-ilo will grow well in dry areas or in rock gardens and is a wonderful low-growing specimen plant.
Other possibilities: Puakiawe (Lepteco-phylla tameiameiae), Hinahina (Artemisia spp.)
7. Formosa koa (Acacia confusa), HPWRA score 11
Formosa koa is a small tree that grows to about 40’ and is drought tolerant. The native lowland koa, or koai‘a (Acacia koaia), grows well in low elevations and is smaller in stature than the koa; koai‘a grows to about 35’ with a spread of about 20’. It is fast growing and pest resistant. Koai‘a’s hard wood can be used for woodworking, and the sickle shaped leaves very much resemble those of its cousin, koa. Because of its drought tolerance and small stature, koai‘a is an ideal native tree in urban landscapes.
Other possibilities: Ohi‘a (Meteroside-
ros polymorpha), Uhiuhi (Mezoneuron kawaiensis)
8. Myer’s asparagus fern (Asparagus densiflorus), HPWRA score 15
The common asparagus fern as well as the foxtail as-paragus fern are fast-growing and aggressive, and armed with sharp spines. A better groundcover is ulei (Osteomeles anthyl-lidifolia), which has fine, attractive foliage and produces small, white flowers. This plant can thrive in a variety of environ-ments, including both wet and dry, but will best flower in a dry area. Ulei is fast growing and will spread throughout a planting bed, requiring little maintenance once established. It tolerates pruning and drought, and requires very little fertiliza-tion; ulei may grow to 2’ with a spread of 10’.
Other possibilities: Maile (Alyxia olivi-formis), ‘Ahu‘awa (Cyperus javonicus)
9. Autograph tree (Clusia rosea), HPWRA score 9
The autograph tree has been designated by DO-FAW and DLNR as one of Hawai‘i’s most invasive hor-ticultural plants. Lonomea (Sapindus oa-huensis), or the endemic soapberry tree, is a wonderful alternative. It is a large shade tree with large, dark green leaves that can also provide screening. Once established, this tree is drought resistant and requires little to no supplemental water. While it will tolerate partial shade, it grows best in full sun. Lonomea is found naturally on Kaua‘i and Oahu. Manele (Sapindus sapo-naria) is indigenous and found naturally on the Big Island and in other tropical areas; it is more capable than the lonomea to tolerate moist conditions. Both species can grow to 50’ and will need adequate space in the landscape.
Other possibilities: Hao (Rauvolfia sandwicensis); Keahi (Nesoluma polynesi-cum)
10. Purple ruellia (Ruellia tuberosa), HPWRA score 8
Ruellia is a tall, spreading groundcover known for its dark purple flowers.
Pohinahina (Vitex rotunda-folia) has a similar habit – it can grow up to 3’ and is a sprawling groundcover. It has very attractive silver foliage and purple flowers. Pohinahina is salt tolerant and grows in dry areas; it will not tolerate wet feet. Pohinahina is a common native plant found in coastal areas, but it can also make a nice cascading plant when used in a planter.
Other possibilities: ‘Uki‘uki (Dianella sandwicensis)
11. Yellow Alder (Turnera ulmifolia), HPWRA score 10
Turnera has been used in Hawai‘i for many years because it is easy to grow and has yellow flowers year-round. Ma‘o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei) is also known for having beautiful yellow flowers. It is an upright shrub with large yellow flowers sometimes containing red or maroon, and it may be grown as a shrub or be trained into a tree. This is Hawai‘i’s state flower and it makes an ex-cellent specimen. Ma‘o hau hele grows to up to 30’ and can have a spread of 25’, but is easily pruned to any height. It grows best in sunny areas and does not respond well to over watering. Soil must be well-draining for it to thrive.
Other possibilities: Any other native hibiscus, ‘Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa)
Amanda Skelton is Plant Pono and Weed Risk Assessment Liaison.
11
11
910
815
32
Myer’s asparagus fern (Asparagus densiflorus)
pesticides vs. bioLogicaL coNtRoLs
CAROL KWAN
COLUMNpest
What is better, pesti-cides or biological control agents? Well, it depends.
Most people in the green industry
know Steve Nimz. In the early days of his career back in the 1970s, Steve swore by chemicals. If there was a pest, spray it! In 1978, the spiraling whitefly was first reported on Oahu and by 1979 it had be-come a major economic pest. The infesta-tions were so heavy, the flocculent (white, waxy material) would cover the ground under infested trees so that it almost looked like snow. No amount of pesticides could control this pest as it reached epi-demic proportions, so extensive searches were made for biological controls. Five natural enemies were introduced and in 1980-1981, peak populations of whitefly were reduced by 79% at lower elevations and up to 98.8% at higher elevations. The whitefly was under control. As Steve tells the story, that experience opened his eyes to other options and made him realize that pesticides were not the only tools in the toolbox.
Those of us who were in the industry in the early 1990s may remember when Er-ineum mites were introduced to Hawaii. This pest attacks hibiscus, particularly the Chinese red hibiscus. Hibiscus was a popular plant, to the point that it was probably over-planted – a practice called “monoculture”. This made it particularly susceptible to pests because there were plenty of host plants on which to increase the pest population. The high number of hibiscus plants
also made it more noticeable that there was a major problem in the landscape, as all of the leaves were distorted and cov-ered with galls. Landscape maintenance crews had to rotate the pesticides used because the Erineum mites developed resistance fairly quickly and a pesticide would become ineffective with repeat applications. A reasonable level of control was finally achieved by predatory mites previously introduced as biological control agents of other pest mites. As with any bi-ological control agent, care must be exer-cised to avoid killing the good guys along with the pest when applying pesticides. In addition, cultural control methods helped. More resistant hibiscus varieties or different shrub species altogether were planted to replace the infested Chinese red hibiscus.
As for our original question, I think we can safely answer that pesticides and bio-logical controls both have their place. In some circumstances, pesticides may be the only way to help the plants survive until the biological control agents are released. It takes time – often years – for Hawaii Department of Agriculture to identify biological control agents, to test them to be sure they won’t harm other species in Hawaii besides the target pest, and to get government approvals for their release into the environment. That was the case for the native wiliwili (Erythrina sandwi-censis) when the
Erythrina gall wasp was at epidemic levels and millions of dollars’ worth of Erythrina sp. trees were killed. Pesticides helped the wiliwili hang on until the biological con-trol agent could come to its rescue.
Carol Kwan is the President of Carol Kwan Consulting, a Certified Arborist, and a Director of Aloha Arborist Association and the Western Chapter International Society of Arboriculture.
References:Aleurodicus dispersus (Russell), by Jayma
L. Martin Kessing and Ronald F.L. Maui, Crop Knowledge Master Spiraling White-fly, Department of Entomology, Univer-sity of Hawaii Manoa, January 1993.
Hibiscus Erineum Mite, by Arnold Hara, Dick Tsuda, James Tavares, Julie Yogi, and David Hensley. College of Tropical Agri-culture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Insect Pests April 2001, IP-7.
thE VOiCE OF hAWAii’S GREEN iNDUStRY HAWAIISCAPE.Com 23
Photo: FOReST AND KIM STARR
Pesticides helped the native wiliwili to survive the Erythrina Gall Wasp until a biological control agent could be released.
22 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013
Other possibilities: ka‘e‘e (Mucuna gigantea), ‘Awikiwiki (Canavalia spp.), or Nanea (Vigna marina)
5. Bronze leaf Clerodendron (Cleroden-dron quadriloculare), HPWRA score 11
Clerodendron is a small tree with green and dark purple leaves that produces many suckers and runners. The native ebony, lama (Diospyros sandwicensis or D. hillebrandii), is a tough, attractive tree; most leaves are dark green, but new growth is a striking red color. The sapwood is white and is said to rep-resent enlightenment. Lama grows well in dryer areas and will reach a maximum height of about 35’ with a spread of about 20’. It does not do well in a pot and must be out-planted for ideal vigor.
Other possibilities: Kolea lau nui (Myrsine lessertiana), Maua (Xylosma ha-waiiense), Kulu‘i (Nototrichium spp.)
6. Lantana (Lantana camara), HPWRA score 32
Lantana is a commonly used groundcover that thrives in dry areas; flowers are arranged in small rosettes and come in multiple colors. Maiapilo (Capparis sandwichiana) grows in coastal lowlands and rocky cliffs. It has silvery leaves and produces a very large and very fragrant flower. The stunning flower opens in the evening and will fade away by midday. The plant grows to 2’ in height and can have a spread of up to 10’. Maiap-ilo will grow well in dry areas or in rock gardens and is a wonderful low-growing specimen plant.
Other possibilities: Puakiawe (Lepteco-phylla tameiameiae), Hinahina (Artemisia spp.)
7. Formosa koa (Acacia confusa), HPWRA score 11
Formosa koa is a small tree that grows to about 40’ and is drought tolerant. The native lowland koa, or koai‘a (Acacia koaia), grows well in low elevations and is smaller in stature than the koa; koai‘a grows to about 35’ with a spread of about 20’. It is fast growing and pest resistant. Koai‘a’s hard wood can be used for woodworking, and the sickle shaped leaves very much resemble those of its cousin, koa. Because of its drought tolerance and small stature, koai‘a is an ideal native tree in urban landscapes.
Other possibilities: Ohi‘a (Meteroside-
ros polymorpha), Uhiuhi (Mezoneuron kawaiensis)
8. Myer’s asparagus fern (Asparagus densiflorus), HPWRA score 15
The common asparagus fern as well as the foxtail as-paragus fern are fast-growing and aggressive, and armed with sharp spines. A better groundcover is ulei (Osteomeles anthyl-lidifolia), which has fine, attractive foliage and produces small, white flowers. This plant can thrive in a variety of environ-ments, including both wet and dry, but will best flower in a dry area. Ulei is fast growing and will spread throughout a planting bed, requiring little maintenance once established. It tolerates pruning and drought, and requires very little fertiliza-tion; ulei may grow to 2’ with a spread of 10’.
Other possibilities: Maile (Alyxia olivi-formis), ‘Ahu‘awa (Cyperus javonicus)
9. Autograph tree (Clusia rosea), HPWRA score 9
The autograph tree has been designated by DO-FAW and DLNR as one of Hawai‘i’s most invasive hor-ticultural plants. Lonomea (Sapindus oa-huensis), or the endemic soapberry tree, is a wonderful alternative. It is a large shade tree with large, dark green leaves that can also provide screening. Once established, this tree is drought resistant and requires little to no supplemental water. While it will tolerate partial shade, it grows best in full sun. Lonomea is found naturally on Kaua‘i and Oahu. Manele (Sapindus sapo-naria) is indigenous and found naturally on the Big Island and in other tropical areas; it is more capable than the lonomea to tolerate moist conditions. Both species can grow to 50’ and will need adequate space in the landscape.
Other possibilities: Hao (Rauvolfia sandwicensis); Keahi (Nesoluma polynesi-cum)
10. Purple ruellia (Ruellia tuberosa), HPWRA score 8
Ruellia is a tall, spreading groundcover known for its dark purple flowers.
Pohinahina (Vitex rotunda-folia) has a similar habit – it can grow up to 3’ and is a sprawling groundcover. It has very attractive silver foliage and purple flowers. Pohinahina is salt tolerant and grows in dry areas; it will not tolerate wet feet. Pohinahina is a common native plant found in coastal areas, but it can also make a nice cascading plant when used in a planter.
Other possibilities: ‘Uki‘uki (Dianella sandwicensis)
11. Yellow Alder (Turnera ulmifolia), HPWRA score 10
Turnera has been used in Hawai‘i for many years because it is easy to grow and has yellow flowers year-round. Ma‘o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei) is also known for having beautiful yellow flowers. It is an upright shrub with large yellow flowers sometimes containing red or maroon, and it may be grown as a shrub or be trained into a tree. This is Hawai‘i’s state flower and it makes an ex-cellent specimen. Ma‘o hau hele grows to up to 30’ and can have a spread of 25’, but is easily pruned to any height. It grows best in sunny areas and does not respond well to over watering. Soil must be well-draining for it to thrive.
Other possibilities: Any other native hibiscus, ‘Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa)
Amanda Skelton is Plant Pono and Weed Risk Assessment Liaison.
11
11
910
815
32
Myer’s asparagus fern (Asparagus densiflorus)
pesticides vs. bioLogicaL coNtRoLs
CAROL KWAN
COLUMNpest
What is better, pesti-cides or biological control agents? Well, it depends.
Most people in the green industry
know Steve Nimz. In the early days of his career back in the 1970s, Steve swore by chemicals. If there was a pest, spray it! In 1978, the spiraling whitefly was first reported on Oahu and by 1979 it had be-come a major economic pest. The infesta-tions were so heavy, the flocculent (white, waxy material) would cover the ground under infested trees so that it almost looked like snow. No amount of pesticides could control this pest as it reached epi-demic proportions, so extensive searches were made for biological controls. Five natural enemies were introduced and in 1980-1981, peak populations of whitefly were reduced by 79% at lower elevations and up to 98.8% at higher elevations. The whitefly was under control. As Steve tells the story, that experience opened his eyes to other options and made him realize that pesticides were not the only tools in the toolbox.
Those of us who were in the industry in the early 1990s may remember when Er-ineum mites were introduced to Hawaii. This pest attacks hibiscus, particularly the Chinese red hibiscus. Hibiscus was a popular plant, to the point that it was probably over-planted – a practice called “monoculture”. This made it particularly susceptible to pests because there were plenty of host plants on which to increase the pest population. The high number of hibiscus plants
also made it more noticeable that there was a major problem in the landscape, as all of the leaves were distorted and cov-ered with galls. Landscape maintenance crews had to rotate the pesticides used because the Erineum mites developed resistance fairly quickly and a pesticide would become ineffective with repeat applications. A reasonable level of control was finally achieved by predatory mites previously introduced as biological control agents of other pest mites. As with any bi-ological control agent, care must be exer-cised to avoid killing the good guys along with the pest when applying pesticides. In addition, cultural control methods helped. More resistant hibiscus varieties or different shrub species altogether were planted to replace the infested Chinese red hibiscus.
As for our original question, I think we can safely answer that pesticides and bio-logical controls both have their place. In some circumstances, pesticides may be the only way to help the plants survive until the biological control agents are released. It takes time – often years – for Hawaii Department of Agriculture to identify biological control agents, to test them to be sure they won’t harm other species in Hawaii besides the target pest, and to get government approvals for their release into the environment. That was the case for the native wiliwili (Erythrina sandwi-censis) when the
Erythrina gall wasp was at epidemic levels and millions of dollars’ worth of Erythrina sp. trees were killed. Pesticides helped the wiliwili hang on until the biological con-trol agent could come to its rescue.
Carol Kwan is the President of Carol Kwan Consulting, a Certified Arborist, and a Director of Aloha Arborist Association and the Western Chapter International Society of Arboriculture.
References:Aleurodicus dispersus (Russell), by Jayma
L. Martin Kessing and Ronald F.L. Maui, Crop Knowledge Master Spiraling White-fly, Department of Entomology, Univer-sity of Hawaii Manoa, January 1993.
Hibiscus Erineum Mite, by Arnold Hara, Dick Tsuda, James Tavares, Julie Yogi, and David Hensley. College of Tropical Agri-culture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Insect Pests April 2001, IP-7.
thE VOiCE OF hAWAii’S GREEN iNDUStRY HAWAIISCAPE.Com 23
Photo: FOReST AND KIM STARR
Pesticides helped the native wiliwili to survive the Erythrina Gall Wasp until a biological control agent could be released.
24 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 25THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
DANNY GREEN
COLUMNturf
NO MATTER WHO YOU ARE there is a Z9 built for you.
Z900 R SERIESZ900 B SERIESZ900 M SERIES JohnDeere.com/MowPro
Meet the mowers designed with you in mind. Our new Z900 B, M, and R Series mowers are three distinctly different machines, with features aimed at every type of commercial customer. The B Series has essential features at a price that will surprise you. The M Series is for those with fleets who demand efficiency. And the R Series was created for those who want the ultimate in features.
Call your John Deere dealer today and discover which one is right for your business.
Introducing the New ZTrak 900 Series Mowers
55144
AMERICAN MACHINERY 111 SILVA STREET HILO, HI 96720 (808) 961-6673
AMERICAN MACHINERY 3651 F LALA ROAD BUILDING #2 LIHUE KAUAI, HI 96766 (808) 246-0097
AMERICAN MACHINERY 485 WAIALE ROAD WAILUKU, HI 96793 (808) 242-4664
AMERICAN MACHINERY 91-1831 FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVEL KAPOLEI, HI 96707 (808) 682-8282
B0S030FCU1B55144 -00397017
tuRfgRass seLectioN aNd gRouNd pRepaRatioN
Nitrogen is normally not tested in chemical soil tests unless requested. Nitrogen levels change quickly and are mobile therefore, N recommendations are based on the turfgrass requirement of N.
Most “red dirt” soils found in the is-lands are iron oxide type soils and tend to tie up nutrients such as phosphorus. Use of a starter type fertilizer, such as 10-30-10, at a rate of 1 pound actual P/ 1000 ft2, will allow new planting to have available phosphorus.
Ground preparation should include amending clay and sandy soils with green waste compost. Do not use material that has not been composted as this will lead to weed seed germination and nitrogen depletion in the root zone. Addition of compost improves Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), and helps buffer pH and microbial activity in the rootzone. As micro-organisms decompose the organic material, thatch material from the turf-grass will replenish and provide future organic material to the soil.
very low pH due to high levels of Ammo-nium sulfate used in production. If pH is below 6.0, a lime requirement test should be run in the test as well. A lime require-ment test will determine how much lime is required to increase the soil pH to 6.5.
A soil test should be done to determine fertilization and amendments to be used. Hawaii has an extensive number of soil types and each will have different require-ments. Many new developments are on former agricultural land and may have
Selecting a turfgrass variety for a residential lawn or commercial property is a crucial step in the process of any new installation or renovation. To be suc-
cessful, choosing the correct grass for the right location is key. In some situa-tions several different genus or species may grow well agronomically and offer the customer choices in characteristics. Soil analysis and preparation is equally important to the health and aesthetics of the grass plants.
Sunlight and length of day are an es-sential component in the decision. All of our warm season turfgrasses may be grown in full sun. As sunlight is decreased so are choices of turfgrass varieties. A tight canopy of turf is the result of healthy individual grass plants thriving. Many customers feel their property has plenty of sun because of the area, such as Kapolei or Kihei. What is not thought about is the direction of travel of the sun and obstructions such as homes, walls, trees and plantings. Usually an area with the least sunlight will determine the variety selection for the property. For example, Punchbowl Cemetery decided bermudagrass was required for their renovation. Large trees shaded out exist-ing Tifway Bermuda and grassy weeds dominated the dripline areas under these trees. When I met with representatives of the Veterans Administration this was a key concern. Celebration, a new shade tolerant bermudagrass, was chosen and maintains coverage.
organic material and breaks up clay soil allowing better water and nutrient retention.
■ Rake tilled soil smooth and water level. This means saturating the area and letting air pockets settle.
■ Allow the surface to dry, then rake smooth and to the desired grade.
This takes an extra day or two but, greatly improves final grade.
■ Roll the surface smooth with a water filled roller.
■ Fertilize with starter fertilizer such as 10-30-10. Sod will be laid over the fertilized soil.
■ Sod should be laid beginning with the longest straight edges working out to areas that will require cutting and trim-ming to fit the perimeter.
■ Water after completing the sod installation. The first day of watering may take several applications to push the water down into the soil, to a depth of 2”.
■ Daily watering of sod for the first
2 weeks will be required. Pop up spray heads will need to water 20 to 30 minutes depending on time of year.
■ Reduce water frequency after 2 weeks. Gradually reduce until watering 2 to 3 times per week, as necessary.
■ The goal is to have deep, infrequent watering cycles.
■ After 2 weeks apply a good slow release turf fertilizer every 3 months.
■ Once a year, or as needed, de-thatch the lawn to remove excess dead material above the soil surface.
This will improve water infiltration and limit disease susceptibility.
Much of this is common knowledge to the experienced landscape contractor. Each per-son has a favored way of installing a lawn and each situation brings its’ own set of challeng-es to the job. Following the basics ensures your success and the clients’ satisfaction.
Danny Green is the Managing Partner for Southern Turf Hawaii.
General guidelines for minimum light requirements:
Dwarf St. Augustine 2-3 hoursZoysias, Centipede, some new Bermuda varieties 4-5 hoursSeashore paspalum 6 hoursBermudagrass, Bahia, Buffalo 8+ hours
Suggested Ranges for Mehlich-I Extractable Soil Nutrient Level
MACRONUTRIeNTS MICRONUTRIeNTS P K Mg Mn Zn Cu
ppm 16-30 36-60 20-30 3-9 0.5-3 0.1-0.5
A system of preparation will include:
■ Spray non-selective herbicide, glyphosate product such as RoundUp with spreader/sticker.
■ 41% active ingredient concentrate should be mixed in a 5 % solution with water.
■ ( 6.5 oz. per gallon)
■ Wait 10 – 14 days. ■ Allows the herbicide to be taken
up by the roots and translocated throughout the plant. Kills roots, stolons and leaves
■ Repeat application on any remain-ing green weeds or grasses.
■ Remove dead plant material from the soil surface. Wait several days until planting.
■ Spread 1” - 2” of soil conditioner over the area to be planted.
■ Rototill the soil conditioner into the rootzone. If soil is heavy clay add gypsum at this time.
■ Helps to create a rootzone higher in
24 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 25THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
DANNY GREEN
COLUMNturf
NO MATTER WHO YOU ARE there is a Z9 built for you.
Z900 R SERIESZ900 B SERIESZ900 M SERIES JohnDeere.com/MowPro
Meet the mowers designed with you in mind. Our new Z900 B, M, and R Series mowers are three distinctly different machines, with features aimed at every type of commercial customer. The B Series has essential features at a price that will surprise you. The M Series is for those with fleets who demand efficiency. And the R Series was created for those who want the ultimate in features.
Call your John Deere dealer today and discover which one is right for your business.
Introducing the New ZTrak 900 Series Mowers
55144
AMERICAN MACHINERY 111 SILVA STREET HILO, HI 96720 (808) 961-6673
AMERICAN MACHINERY 3651 F LALA ROAD BUILDING #2 LIHUE KAUAI, HI 96766 (808) 246-0097
AMERICAN MACHINERY 485 WAIALE ROAD WAILUKU, HI 96793 (808) 242-4664
AMERICAN MACHINERY 91-1831 FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVEL KAPOLEI, HI 96707 (808) 682-8282
B0S030FCU1B55144 -00397017
tuRfgRass seLectioN aNd gRouNd pRepaRatioN
Nitrogen is normally not tested in chemical soil tests unless requested. Nitrogen levels change quickly and are mobile therefore, N recommendations are based on the turfgrass requirement of N.
Most “red dirt” soils found in the is-lands are iron oxide type soils and tend to tie up nutrients such as phosphorus. Use of a starter type fertilizer, such as 10-30-10, at a rate of 1 pound actual P/ 1000 ft2, will allow new planting to have available phosphorus.
Ground preparation should include amending clay and sandy soils with green waste compost. Do not use material that has not been composted as this will lead to weed seed germination and nitrogen depletion in the root zone. Addition of compost improves Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), and helps buffer pH and microbial activity in the rootzone. As micro-organisms decompose the organic material, thatch material from the turf-grass will replenish and provide future organic material to the soil.
very low pH due to high levels of Ammo-nium sulfate used in production. If pH is below 6.0, a lime requirement test should be run in the test as well. A lime require-ment test will determine how much lime is required to increase the soil pH to 6.5.
A soil test should be done to determine fertilization and amendments to be used. Hawaii has an extensive number of soil types and each will have different require-ments. Many new developments are on former agricultural land and may have
Selecting a turfgrass variety for a residential lawn or commercial property is a crucial step in the process of any new installation or renovation. To be suc-
cessful, choosing the correct grass for the right location is key. In some situa-tions several different genus or species may grow well agronomically and offer the customer choices in characteristics. Soil analysis and preparation is equally important to the health and aesthetics of the grass plants.
Sunlight and length of day are an es-sential component in the decision. All of our warm season turfgrasses may be grown in full sun. As sunlight is decreased so are choices of turfgrass varieties. A tight canopy of turf is the result of healthy individual grass plants thriving. Many customers feel their property has plenty of sun because of the area, such as Kapolei or Kihei. What is not thought about is the direction of travel of the sun and obstructions such as homes, walls, trees and plantings. Usually an area with the least sunlight will determine the variety selection for the property. For example, Punchbowl Cemetery decided bermudagrass was required for their renovation. Large trees shaded out exist-ing Tifway Bermuda and grassy weeds dominated the dripline areas under these trees. When I met with representatives of the Veterans Administration this was a key concern. Celebration, a new shade tolerant bermudagrass, was chosen and maintains coverage.
organic material and breaks up clay soil allowing better water and nutrient retention.
■ Rake tilled soil smooth and water level. This means saturating the area and letting air pockets settle.
■ Allow the surface to dry, then rake smooth and to the desired grade.
This takes an extra day or two but, greatly improves final grade.
■ Roll the surface smooth with a water filled roller.
■ Fertilize with starter fertilizer such as 10-30-10. Sod will be laid over the fertilized soil.
■ Sod should be laid beginning with the longest straight edges working out to areas that will require cutting and trim-ming to fit the perimeter.
■ Water after completing the sod installation. The first day of watering may take several applications to push the water down into the soil, to a depth of 2”.
■ Daily watering of sod for the first
2 weeks will be required. Pop up spray heads will need to water 20 to 30 minutes depending on time of year.
■ Reduce water frequency after 2 weeks. Gradually reduce until watering 2 to 3 times per week, as necessary.
■ The goal is to have deep, infrequent watering cycles.
■ After 2 weeks apply a good slow release turf fertilizer every 3 months.
■ Once a year, or as needed, de-thatch the lawn to remove excess dead material above the soil surface.
This will improve water infiltration and limit disease susceptibility.
Much of this is common knowledge to the experienced landscape contractor. Each per-son has a favored way of installing a lawn and each situation brings its’ own set of challeng-es to the job. Following the basics ensures your success and the clients’ satisfaction.
Danny Green is the Managing Partner for Southern Turf Hawaii.
General guidelines for minimum light requirements:
Dwarf St. Augustine 2-3 hoursZoysias, Centipede, some new Bermuda varieties 4-5 hoursSeashore paspalum 6 hoursBermudagrass, Bahia, Buffalo 8+ hours
Suggested Ranges for Mehlich-I Extractable Soil Nutrient Level
MACRONUTRIeNTS MICRONUTRIeNTS P K Mg Mn Zn Cu
ppm 16-30 36-60 20-30 3-9 0.5-3 0.1-0.5
A system of preparation will include:
■ Spray non-selective herbicide, glyphosate product such as RoundUp with spreader/sticker.
■ 41% active ingredient concentrate should be mixed in a 5 % solution with water.
■ ( 6.5 oz. per gallon)
■ Wait 10 – 14 days. ■ Allows the herbicide to be taken
up by the roots and translocated throughout the plant. Kills roots, stolons and leaves
■ Repeat application on any remain-ing green weeds or grasses.
■ Remove dead plant material from the soil surface. Wait several days until planting.
■ Spread 1” - 2” of soil conditioner over the area to be planted.
■ Rototill the soil conditioner into the rootzone. If soil is heavy clay add gypsum at this time.
■ Helps to create a rootzone higher in
26 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 27THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Purchase open land, build a dwelling, operating loans, line of credit, equipment purchase, truck or automobile purchase, refinance a mortgage or agree-ment of sale, etc.
Both the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA and Hawaii Production Credit Association can custom design a
loan to meet your needs.
We offer: Long term loans, short term loans, competitive interest rate programs, flexible repayment schedules, excellent loan servicing options, etc. We also have programs for Young, Beginning, Small and Minority Farmers.
C A L L O N E O F O U R LOA N O F F I C E R S AT :
Oahu Office 99-860 Iwaena Street, Suite A Aiea, HI 96701 Phone: 808-836-8009 Fax: 808-836-8610 www.hawaiifarmcredit.com
Hilo Office 988 Kinoole Street Hilo, HI 96720 Phone: 808-961-3708 Fax: 808-961-5494
From the Neighbor Islands Call Toll Free 1-800-894-4996
FCS of Hawaii, ACA is part of the Farm Credit System, a nationwide system of leading agricultural financial institutions which started in 1917. FCS of Hawaii, ACA has been doing business in Hawaii since 1966 through its subsidiary the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA. The FCS of Hawaii, ACA is not a Federal Agency of the Federal Government.
LOAN?LOAN?AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALNEED ANNEED AN
Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCAHawaii Production Credit Association
FARM CREDIT SERVICES OF HAWAII, ACA
hawaii’sbeRmuda tRiaNgLe
by bRANDON AU
A homeowner decides to landscape their property to include the frontage of their O‘ahu prop-erty. Most homeowners believe that the frontage
is their property. Unfortunately, they are usually mistaken. On City streets, it is the property of the City and County of Honolulu.
The portion between the road pave-ment and the adjacent property line is defined as the sidewalk area of the City’s right-of-way. The sidewalk area is intend-ed for pedestrian use, access for utilities, and any setback areas acquired by the City for road widening purposes. The sidewalk area varies in measurement, ranging from three to twenty feet, depending on the area or neighborhood.
Typically in the sidewalk area, there is grass and a tree. Usually, the tree is under the maintenance jurisdiction of the Division of Urban Forestry (DUF), Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR), and is considered a “street tree”. At times, there are trees, shrubs and/or other plants, irrigation systems, cement, rocks, etc. in the sidewalk area that are not City-maintained. These are unauthorized plantings or installations unless the prop-erty owner has a Surface Encroachment Variance (SEV) approved by the Depart-ment of Planning of Permitting (DPP). Unauthorized plantings or installations are still the maintenance responsibility of the property owner, even if they were planted or installed by prior owners.
A property owner may be issued a Notice of Violation by DPP for unauthor-ized plantings or installations in the City sidewalk area. It is the responsibility of the property owner to correct the viola-tion within the specified amount of time. During this time, the property owner can apply for an SEV to possibly retain the trees, plants, or other features. However, there are standards and guidelines that must be met for an SEV to be approved. If the violation is not corrected within the allotted time frame, the work is contract-ed and the property owner will be billed
for the work performed.Under DPR’s Park Rules and Regu-
lations, it is the responsibility of the abutting property owner to maintain the sidewalk area to include watering and weeding around the trees. It is unlaw-ful for any person to plant, prune, spray, injure, or remove trees in the sidewalk area without prior approval from DPR or DPP. Any person conducting any of these actions will be subject to prosecution by the City and County of Honolulu.
In addition, the Revised Ordinances of Honolulu, Chapter 14, Article 20, Section 14-20.1 Cleaning of Sidewalks, requires that “Every property owner whose land abuts or adjoins a public street shall continually maintain, and keep clean,
passable and free from weeds and noxious growths, the sidewalk and gutter area which abuts or adjoins the property owner’s property…”
The sidewalk area may appear to be land belonging to the property owner, but it belongs to the City for public and utility access. Landscape contractors should make sure that the property owner has the necessary permits and approvals when performing work in the sidewalk area.
Brandon Au is the head of the Nursery and Landscape Section for the City’s Depart-ment of Parks and Recreation, Division of Urban Forestry, O‘ahu Co-Chair for the LICT program, and Vice President for LICH.
Photo courtesy: THe DePARTMeNT OF PLANNING AND PeRMITTING
Above: Unauthorized plants in the planting strip.
Photo: BRANDON AU
Right: Authorized street tree in the City’s right-of-way
p h Y L L i S J O N E S
TIPStool
When you go to the doctor, do you expect him to take out his instruments—his tools—and
examine you and give you a diagnosis? Why would you expect any less from your mechanic? Without the proper tools your mechanic cannot do his job. If you expect him to do his job in a correct and timely manner get him the tools he needs. (Re-cently, we needed to check the oiler sys-tem on a particular brand of chain saw. In order to check the part, we needed to remove the clutch using a clutch removal tool. We were surprised to learn that the dealer did not have the tool. )
Here is a basic list of tools that should be on your bench. The tools will vary depending in the types of equipment that you use, and some tools are brand specific and will only fit particular brands.
■ SCREWDRIVERS—flat head, Phillips, Torx, allen head (metric and/or standard)
■ PLIERS—needle nose (small and large), wire cutters
■ WRENCHES—crescent, open end, box (metric and standard)
■ SOCKETS—standard/metric) ■ COMPRESSION TESTOR ■ SPARK PLUG TESTER ■ FEELER GAUGE ■ CONTINUITY TESTER ■ CLUTCH REMOVAL TOOL ■ GREASE GUN ■ MOWER BLADE BALANCER ■ BENCH MOUNTED ELECTRIC
CHAIN SHARPENER ■ PISTON PIN REMOVA/INSTALLER
TOOL
How many of these tools are on your bench? What would you think if your
surgeon holds up a kitchen knife and tongs and tells you that he is ready to do your surgery? Why should you expect your mechanic to repair your equipment with only a hammer and a nail?
GET THE CORRECT TOOLS FOR THE JOB? (If you are having problems locating the tool, email me at [email protected] and we will help you.) That’s my tool tip to you. Happy holidays to you and your family.
Thanks to all those who stopped by the
booth at the LICH Conference, particu-larly the women who shared words of support. It is wonderful to be able to share knowledge with people who can put it to use. And a big MAHALO to all those who put the conference together—what a great event!!
Phyllis Jones is with A to Z Equipment and Sales, formally A to Z Rental Center, in business for over 25 years.
tRadetooLs of the
26 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 27THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Purchase open land, build a dwelling, operating loans, line of credit, equipment purchase, truck or automobile purchase, refinance a mortgage or agree-ment of sale, etc.
Both the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA and Hawaii Production Credit Association can custom design a
loan to meet your needs.
We offer: Long term loans, short term loans, competitive interest rate programs, flexible repayment schedules, excellent loan servicing options, etc. We also have programs for Young, Beginning, Small and Minority Farmers.
C A L L O N E O F O U R LOA N O F F I C E R S AT :
Oahu Office 99-860 Iwaena Street, Suite A Aiea, HI 96701 Phone: 808-836-8009 Fax: 808-836-8610 www.hawaiifarmcredit.com
Hilo Office 988 Kinoole Street Hilo, HI 96720 Phone: 808-961-3708 Fax: 808-961-5494
From the Neighbor Islands Call Toll Free 1-800-894-4996
FCS of Hawaii, ACA is part of the Farm Credit System, a nationwide system of leading agricultural financial institutions which started in 1917. FCS of Hawaii, ACA has been doing business in Hawaii since 1966 through its subsidiary the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA. The FCS of Hawaii, ACA is not a Federal Agency of the Federal Government.
LOAN?LOAN?AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALNEED ANNEED AN
Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCAHawaii Production Credit Association
FARM CREDIT SERVICES OF HAWAII, ACA
hawaii’sbeRmuda tRiaNgLe
by bRANDON AU
A homeowner decides to landscape their property to include the frontage of their O‘ahu prop-erty. Most homeowners believe that the frontage
is their property. Unfortunately, they are usually mistaken. On City streets, it is the property of the City and County of Honolulu.
The portion between the road pave-ment and the adjacent property line is defined as the sidewalk area of the City’s right-of-way. The sidewalk area is intend-ed for pedestrian use, access for utilities, and any setback areas acquired by the City for road widening purposes. The sidewalk area varies in measurement, ranging from three to twenty feet, depending on the area or neighborhood.
Typically in the sidewalk area, there is grass and a tree. Usually, the tree is under the maintenance jurisdiction of the Division of Urban Forestry (DUF), Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR), and is considered a “street tree”. At times, there are trees, shrubs and/or other plants, irrigation systems, cement, rocks, etc. in the sidewalk area that are not City-maintained. These are unauthorized plantings or installations unless the prop-erty owner has a Surface Encroachment Variance (SEV) approved by the Depart-ment of Planning of Permitting (DPP). Unauthorized plantings or installations are still the maintenance responsibility of the property owner, even if they were planted or installed by prior owners.
A property owner may be issued a Notice of Violation by DPP for unauthor-ized plantings or installations in the City sidewalk area. It is the responsibility of the property owner to correct the viola-tion within the specified amount of time. During this time, the property owner can apply for an SEV to possibly retain the trees, plants, or other features. However, there are standards and guidelines that must be met for an SEV to be approved. If the violation is not corrected within the allotted time frame, the work is contract-ed and the property owner will be billed
for the work performed.Under DPR’s Park Rules and Regu-
lations, it is the responsibility of the abutting property owner to maintain the sidewalk area to include watering and weeding around the trees. It is unlaw-ful for any person to plant, prune, spray, injure, or remove trees in the sidewalk area without prior approval from DPR or DPP. Any person conducting any of these actions will be subject to prosecution by the City and County of Honolulu.
In addition, the Revised Ordinances of Honolulu, Chapter 14, Article 20, Section 14-20.1 Cleaning of Sidewalks, requires that “Every property owner whose land abuts or adjoins a public street shall continually maintain, and keep clean,
passable and free from weeds and noxious growths, the sidewalk and gutter area which abuts or adjoins the property owner’s property…”
The sidewalk area may appear to be land belonging to the property owner, but it belongs to the City for public and utility access. Landscape contractors should make sure that the property owner has the necessary permits and approvals when performing work in the sidewalk area.
Brandon Au is the head of the Nursery and Landscape Section for the City’s Depart-ment of Parks and Recreation, Division of Urban Forestry, O‘ahu Co-Chair for the LICT program, and Vice President for LICH.
Photo courtesy: THe DePARTMeNT OF PLANNING AND PeRMITTING
Above: Unauthorized plants in the planting strip.
Photo: BRANDON AU
Right: Authorized street tree in the City’s right-of-way
p h Y L L i S J O N E S
TIPStool
When you go to the doctor, do you expect him to take out his instruments—his tools—and
examine you and give you a diagnosis? Why would you expect any less from your mechanic? Without the proper tools your mechanic cannot do his job. If you expect him to do his job in a correct and timely manner get him the tools he needs. (Re-cently, we needed to check the oiler sys-tem on a particular brand of chain saw. In order to check the part, we needed to remove the clutch using a clutch removal tool. We were surprised to learn that the dealer did not have the tool. )
Here is a basic list of tools that should be on your bench. The tools will vary depending in the types of equipment that you use, and some tools are brand specific and will only fit particular brands.
■ SCREWDRIVERS—flat head, Phillips, Torx, allen head (metric and/or standard)
■ PLIERS—needle nose (small and large), wire cutters
■ WRENCHES—crescent, open end, box (metric and standard)
■ SOCKETS—standard/metric) ■ COMPRESSION TESTOR ■ SPARK PLUG TESTER ■ FEELER GAUGE ■ CONTINUITY TESTER ■ CLUTCH REMOVAL TOOL ■ GREASE GUN ■ MOWER BLADE BALANCER ■ BENCH MOUNTED ELECTRIC
CHAIN SHARPENER ■ PISTON PIN REMOVA/INSTALLER
TOOL
How many of these tools are on your bench? What would you think if your
surgeon holds up a kitchen knife and tongs and tells you that he is ready to do your surgery? Why should you expect your mechanic to repair your equipment with only a hammer and a nail?
GET THE CORRECT TOOLS FOR THE JOB? (If you are having problems locating the tool, email me at [email protected] and we will help you.) That’s my tool tip to you. Happy holidays to you and your family.
Thanks to all those who stopped by the
booth at the LICH Conference, particu-larly the women who shared words of support. It is wonderful to be able to share knowledge with people who can put it to use. And a big MAHALO to all those who put the conference together—what a great event!!
Phyllis Jones is with A to Z Equipment and Sales, formally A to Z Rental Center, in business for over 25 years.
tRadetooLs of the
28 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 29THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
by DR. RICHARD CRILEy AND JOHN MONTOyA
expanding tree species in Hawaii’s landscape
Part 1 part 2 in Jan/Feb issue
diveRsitytRee
Hawaii’s green land-scapes are comprised of relatively few tree species. A drive along Kalakaua Avenue in Waikiki reveals mostly
coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) and rain-bow shower trees (Cassia × nealiae) with occasional kukui (Aleurites moluccana), Clusia rosea, satinleaf (Chrysophyllum oliviforme), and variegated hau (Hibiscus tileaceus) trees. Elsewhere, Honolulu’s street trees include Chinese banyan (Ficus microcarpa), Hong Kong orchid tree (Bauhinia blakeana), rainbow shower trees, monkeypod (Samanea saman), fiddlewood (Citharexylum spinosum), royal poinci-ana (Delonix regia), fern tree (Filicium decipiens), and perhaps a dozen others. In 2005-06, the common coral tree (Erythrina variegata) was mostly eliminated from parks and streets by the Erythrina Gall Wasp (Quadrastichus erythrinae). Periodi-cally, the monkeypod tree comes under attack from a caterpillar that defoliates them and damages growing points until parasitic and predatory insects bring it under control. Another insect pest, the spiraling whitefly, also causes defoliation and unsightly masses of white fibers on a number of tree species, fiddlewood being one of the more severely attacked. In 2007, plumeria (Plumeria obtusa, P. rubra) trees were attacked by the papaya mealybug.
New insect pests are being identified in the South and in California landscapes that could have severe effects in Hawaii should (when) they arrive here. Hawaii has been fortunate to have escaped, so far, the loss of coconut palms due to the lethal yellowing disease that has all but eliminated coconut palms in Florida and Texas landscapes or the red palm weevil that is becoming a worldwide pest. Hawaii’s native loulu palms are susceptible to Lethal Yellowing. If an insect were to enter Hawaii that at-tacks the rainbow shower, it would have a very great impact, particularly in Honolulu, where the cultivar Wilhelmina Tenney is a
principal street and park tree. The Lobate Lac Scale on weeping banyan and a new stem gall-forming wasp on Chinese banyan are the most recently reported insect chal-lenges to Hawaii’s landscapes. As a result of a limited palette of tree species used in Hawaii landscapes, we are vulnerable to loss of green canopies when an epidemic of insects can causes losses in the landscape.
While Hawaii enjoys a green landscape, there is need to expand the palette of tree species employed in residential and public landscapes and street and highway plantings. Urban tree trends include a call for columnar and native trees, smaller trees, adaptability to varied urban growing conditions, and trees that can modify the urban environment. Large trees are recom-mended for reducing stormwater runoff, improving air quality and maximizing shade along streets, in parking lots, and in commercial areas. Producers look for new plants to keep up with consumer demand for unique landscape plants. A number of underutilized and exotic species have been identified, but information on their production (propagation, growth rates), environmental requirements/ tolerances, and functional uses needs to be devel-oped. A CTAHR project proposes to fulfill these needs by identifying new (to Hawaii landscape use) or underutilized species and providing this information. Bringing a new urban tree to market may take 20 years or more, including the time that it takes for success “in the landscape setting” to stimulate demand for it; thus, this project has a long timeline.
Landscape architects and designers tend to specify plants that they are familiar with, and the result has been hotel landscapes with much the same package of plants and residential developments with the same trees used throughout. They are less likely to try new trees because their firms’ repu-tation depends on success of their plant-ings. While the movement towards using native plants in landscapes is growing, there are few truly native trees employed in
local landscapes. The “Expanding Tree Di-versity in Hawaii’s Landscapes” project has enabled the evaluation of species beyond the few identified in Heidi Bornhorst’s Growing Native Hawaiian Plants (2005) and Kerin Lilleeng-Rosenberger’s Growing Hawaii’s Native Plants (2005), especially their propagation.
The Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences Department at the University of Hawaii has composed a list of suitable trees to help expand urban tree diversity in Hawaii. These trees have been selected with special attention to natives, although some trees are introduced. The trees have a wide range of use in the landscape. The follow-ing trees are in the first list to be released while others are being worked on to meet a goal of 30 trees. These were presented at the 2012 LICH Conference.
Look for downloadable descriptions of underutilized trees that can expand tree diversity in Hawaii’s landscapes on the free publications website of the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resourc-es: http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/site/Pubs.aspx?key=free+publications
Dr. Richard Criley and John Montoya are with the Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa.
Native to Madagascar, Colville’s Glory is a medium-sized tree up to 50 feet tall (mature crown diameter of 35-40 feet) with showy fall blooms and becomes deciduous in January-March. It can be used as a color accent or specimen tree in public open spaces and courtyards or along streets, in both residen-tial or commercial settings. It attracts bees, but there is little seedpod set, unlike Royal Poinciana. It is propagated from seed, and the WRA (Weed Risk Assessment) value is -3. It is moderately salt and drought tolerant and should be planted in full sun in a rich, well-drained soil. Its chief disadvantages are surface roots that can protrude above sur-rounding turf and the flowering branches that die back and fall to the ground in high winds. Otherwise, it has proved wind tolerant.
This compact evegreen banyan from Java, Borneo and Malaya first found use in the interior foliage trade as the cultivar Ali‘i, but it has proven to be an attractive landscape component as well. With time it can become a tree up to 50 feet tall with a rounded crown about the same diameter. It does not seem to have the aggressive root system of other banyans and has not yet been observed to set fruits (WRA = -1). Uses include hedges or screens, large containers, interiorscapes and plaza plantings for shade. Its leaf retention is good and the long leaves convey a weeping effect. It responds well to pruning and grows well in partial shade as well as full sun. It has moderate salt tolerance and some drought tolerance. The principal disadvantages are susceptibility to mites and scale.
Perhaps the best known example of this tree is the specimen at the Queen’s Hospital in Honolulu, but this Central American member of the Bombax family can be used in xeriscapes, coastal areas, as well as in public spaces and as a street tree. With time it will reach 35 ft in height and spread. It is deciduous, and the pink or white flowers appear in late winter (often February in Honolulu) before refolia-tion occurs, and seed is seldom set (WRA = -2). The new foliage is a reddish bronze. An-other plus is attractive gray bark streaked with green, and its branching is architecturally handsome. Since it must be propagated by air layers, it is less available in the nurseries. The principal disadvantage is when the flowers are shed and litter the ground. Plant in well-drained locations, and train when young for best structure. The tree tolerates light shade, but does best in full sun and is drought, wind, and moderately salt tolerant.
A possible alternative to monkeypod, the banuyo hails from the Philippines and Indo-nesia. It can become a very large tree, up to 230 feet tall with a spread to 150 feet, so its best uses would be in parks, other public open spaces, possibly along wide streets (but not under power lines) and hotel grounds. In UH experiments, its seeds were slow to ger-minate with a low percentage of germination, perhaps substantiating its WRA score of 0. It is said to be very salt tolerant. Unlike mon-keypod, it does not have a deciduous period. The flowers are white and fluffy like the mon-keypod and the seedpods are flat and dark brown, but without the sticky insides of mon-keypod; they can be a source of litter, how-ever. Plant in full sun to light shade. Seedlings were slow growing in UH experiments, reach-ing 30 inches in about 3 years. It may require a fertile soil and fertilization to do really well.
Native to mesic and dryland forests in Ha-waii Lonomea is a medium-tall tree with an open canopy, growing up to 50 feet tall (about 35-40 feet in diameter) with small flowers and fruits. It can be used for shade, as a street tree, or specimen plant and in native plant landscaping and xeriscapes. Tolerant of partial shade, but preferring full sun, it also will tolerate dry conditions, wind, and heavy soils. Mature trees can produce a lot of seed, which can be messy, and it is susceptible to the black twig borer. Otherwise it is long-lived and easy to maintain.
There are a number of Pittosporum species endemic to Hawaii that grow to be small trees when managed by pruning and training. Pit-tosporum hosmeri is a moderate grower up to 30 feet in height with a dense canopy (per-haps 25 feet wide) that can be used as a small shade tree in a residential yard or courtyard or as a screen or hedge. Clusters of small, fragrant white flowers are borne close to the branch in the interior of the tree with occa-sional seedpod production. Difficult to propa-gate by cuttings, ho’awa is mostly grown from seed. Best growth (albeit it slow) is obtained in full sun in well-drained soils, as it is not very tolerant of soggy conditions; nor does it toler-ate salt and drought. Insect problems such as scale, mealybugs, aphids, and spider mites are prevalent in urban conditions.
Also known under the botanical name Podo-carpus gracilior, in cultivation this east African native can become a medium sized tree up to 50 feet tall with equal spread although very old trees reach 100 feet with an 80 ft. spread. With dense, soft green foliage, it finds use as an ac-cent or specimen tree, shade tree, and screen along streets, in parking lots, and other urban sites that allow it to spread its canopy. It has a WRA score of 0 and is fairly pest-resistant, although twig borers have been reported. Although it is generally low maintenance, pruning is needed to manage size and shape. Among its virtues are tolerance to air pollu-tion, most soil types compacted soils, drought, seacoast exposure, and cold. Female trees can produce fruit litter if there is a male tree nearby to pollinate the inconspicuous flowers.
Colvillea racemosaCommon name – Colville’s Glory
Ficus binnendijkiiCommon name – Alii, Amstel King
Pseudobombax ellipticumCommon name – Shaving-Brush Tree
Wallaceodendron celebicumCommon name – Banuyo
Sapindus oahuensisCommon name – Hawaiian soapberry; Hawaiian name – Lonomea, Aulu
Pittosporum hosmeriHawaiian name – Ho‘awa
Afrocarpus graciliorCommon name – Weeping Afrocarpus
28 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 HAWAIISCAPE.Com 29THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
by DR. RICHARD CRILEy AND JOHN MONTOyA
expanding tree species in Hawaii’s landscape
Part 1 part 2 in Jan/Feb issue
diveRsitytRee
Hawaii’s green land-scapes are comprised of relatively few tree species. A drive along Kalakaua Avenue in Waikiki reveals mostly
coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) and rain-bow shower trees (Cassia × nealiae) with occasional kukui (Aleurites moluccana), Clusia rosea, satinleaf (Chrysophyllum oliviforme), and variegated hau (Hibiscus tileaceus) trees. Elsewhere, Honolulu’s street trees include Chinese banyan (Ficus microcarpa), Hong Kong orchid tree (Bauhinia blakeana), rainbow shower trees, monkeypod (Samanea saman), fiddlewood (Citharexylum spinosum), royal poinci-ana (Delonix regia), fern tree (Filicium decipiens), and perhaps a dozen others. In 2005-06, the common coral tree (Erythrina variegata) was mostly eliminated from parks and streets by the Erythrina Gall Wasp (Quadrastichus erythrinae). Periodi-cally, the monkeypod tree comes under attack from a caterpillar that defoliates them and damages growing points until parasitic and predatory insects bring it under control. Another insect pest, the spiraling whitefly, also causes defoliation and unsightly masses of white fibers on a number of tree species, fiddlewood being one of the more severely attacked. In 2007, plumeria (Plumeria obtusa, P. rubra) trees were attacked by the papaya mealybug.
New insect pests are being identified in the South and in California landscapes that could have severe effects in Hawaii should (when) they arrive here. Hawaii has been fortunate to have escaped, so far, the loss of coconut palms due to the lethal yellowing disease that has all but eliminated coconut palms in Florida and Texas landscapes or the red palm weevil that is becoming a worldwide pest. Hawaii’s native loulu palms are susceptible to Lethal Yellowing. If an insect were to enter Hawaii that at-tacks the rainbow shower, it would have a very great impact, particularly in Honolulu, where the cultivar Wilhelmina Tenney is a
principal street and park tree. The Lobate Lac Scale on weeping banyan and a new stem gall-forming wasp on Chinese banyan are the most recently reported insect chal-lenges to Hawaii’s landscapes. As a result of a limited palette of tree species used in Hawaii landscapes, we are vulnerable to loss of green canopies when an epidemic of insects can causes losses in the landscape.
While Hawaii enjoys a green landscape, there is need to expand the palette of tree species employed in residential and public landscapes and street and highway plantings. Urban tree trends include a call for columnar and native trees, smaller trees, adaptability to varied urban growing conditions, and trees that can modify the urban environment. Large trees are recom-mended for reducing stormwater runoff, improving air quality and maximizing shade along streets, in parking lots, and in commercial areas. Producers look for new plants to keep up with consumer demand for unique landscape plants. A number of underutilized and exotic species have been identified, but information on their production (propagation, growth rates), environmental requirements/ tolerances, and functional uses needs to be devel-oped. A CTAHR project proposes to fulfill these needs by identifying new (to Hawaii landscape use) or underutilized species and providing this information. Bringing a new urban tree to market may take 20 years or more, including the time that it takes for success “in the landscape setting” to stimulate demand for it; thus, this project has a long timeline.
Landscape architects and designers tend to specify plants that they are familiar with, and the result has been hotel landscapes with much the same package of plants and residential developments with the same trees used throughout. They are less likely to try new trees because their firms’ repu-tation depends on success of their plant-ings. While the movement towards using native plants in landscapes is growing, there are few truly native trees employed in
local landscapes. The “Expanding Tree Di-versity in Hawaii’s Landscapes” project has enabled the evaluation of species beyond the few identified in Heidi Bornhorst’s Growing Native Hawaiian Plants (2005) and Kerin Lilleeng-Rosenberger’s Growing Hawaii’s Native Plants (2005), especially their propagation.
The Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences Department at the University of Hawaii has composed a list of suitable trees to help expand urban tree diversity in Hawaii. These trees have been selected with special attention to natives, although some trees are introduced. The trees have a wide range of use in the landscape. The follow-ing trees are in the first list to be released while others are being worked on to meet a goal of 30 trees. These were presented at the 2012 LICH Conference.
Look for downloadable descriptions of underutilized trees that can expand tree diversity in Hawaii’s landscapes on the free publications website of the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resourc-es: http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/site/Pubs.aspx?key=free+publications
Dr. Richard Criley and John Montoya are with the Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa.
Native to Madagascar, Colville’s Glory is a medium-sized tree up to 50 feet tall (mature crown diameter of 35-40 feet) with showy fall blooms and becomes deciduous in January-March. It can be used as a color accent or specimen tree in public open spaces and courtyards or along streets, in both residen-tial or commercial settings. It attracts bees, but there is little seedpod set, unlike Royal Poinciana. It is propagated from seed, and the WRA (Weed Risk Assessment) value is -3. It is moderately salt and drought tolerant and should be planted in full sun in a rich, well-drained soil. Its chief disadvantages are surface roots that can protrude above sur-rounding turf and the flowering branches that die back and fall to the ground in high winds. Otherwise, it has proved wind tolerant.
This compact evegreen banyan from Java, Borneo and Malaya first found use in the interior foliage trade as the cultivar Ali‘i, but it has proven to be an attractive landscape component as well. With time it can become a tree up to 50 feet tall with a rounded crown about the same diameter. It does not seem to have the aggressive root system of other banyans and has not yet been observed to set fruits (WRA = -1). Uses include hedges or screens, large containers, interiorscapes and plaza plantings for shade. Its leaf retention is good and the long leaves convey a weeping effect. It responds well to pruning and grows well in partial shade as well as full sun. It has moderate salt tolerance and some drought tolerance. The principal disadvantages are susceptibility to mites and scale.
Perhaps the best known example of this tree is the specimen at the Queen’s Hospital in Honolulu, but this Central American member of the Bombax family can be used in xeriscapes, coastal areas, as well as in public spaces and as a street tree. With time it will reach 35 ft in height and spread. It is deciduous, and the pink or white flowers appear in late winter (often February in Honolulu) before refolia-tion occurs, and seed is seldom set (WRA = -2). The new foliage is a reddish bronze. An-other plus is attractive gray bark streaked with green, and its branching is architecturally handsome. Since it must be propagated by air layers, it is less available in the nurseries. The principal disadvantage is when the flowers are shed and litter the ground. Plant in well-drained locations, and train when young for best structure. The tree tolerates light shade, but does best in full sun and is drought, wind, and moderately salt tolerant.
A possible alternative to monkeypod, the banuyo hails from the Philippines and Indo-nesia. It can become a very large tree, up to 230 feet tall with a spread to 150 feet, so its best uses would be in parks, other public open spaces, possibly along wide streets (but not under power lines) and hotel grounds. In UH experiments, its seeds were slow to ger-minate with a low percentage of germination, perhaps substantiating its WRA score of 0. It is said to be very salt tolerant. Unlike mon-keypod, it does not have a deciduous period. The flowers are white and fluffy like the mon-keypod and the seedpods are flat and dark brown, but without the sticky insides of mon-keypod; they can be a source of litter, how-ever. Plant in full sun to light shade. Seedlings were slow growing in UH experiments, reach-ing 30 inches in about 3 years. It may require a fertile soil and fertilization to do really well.
Native to mesic and dryland forests in Ha-waii Lonomea is a medium-tall tree with an open canopy, growing up to 50 feet tall (about 35-40 feet in diameter) with small flowers and fruits. It can be used for shade, as a street tree, or specimen plant and in native plant landscaping and xeriscapes. Tolerant of partial shade, but preferring full sun, it also will tolerate dry conditions, wind, and heavy soils. Mature trees can produce a lot of seed, which can be messy, and it is susceptible to the black twig borer. Otherwise it is long-lived and easy to maintain.
There are a number of Pittosporum species endemic to Hawaii that grow to be small trees when managed by pruning and training. Pit-tosporum hosmeri is a moderate grower up to 30 feet in height with a dense canopy (per-haps 25 feet wide) that can be used as a small shade tree in a residential yard or courtyard or as a screen or hedge. Clusters of small, fragrant white flowers are borne close to the branch in the interior of the tree with occa-sional seedpod production. Difficult to propa-gate by cuttings, ho’awa is mostly grown from seed. Best growth (albeit it slow) is obtained in full sun in well-drained soils, as it is not very tolerant of soggy conditions; nor does it toler-ate salt and drought. Insect problems such as scale, mealybugs, aphids, and spider mites are prevalent in urban conditions.
Also known under the botanical name Podo-carpus gracilior, in cultivation this east African native can become a medium sized tree up to 50 feet tall with equal spread although very old trees reach 100 feet with an 80 ft. spread. With dense, soft green foliage, it finds use as an ac-cent or specimen tree, shade tree, and screen along streets, in parking lots, and other urban sites that allow it to spread its canopy. It has a WRA score of 0 and is fairly pest-resistant, although twig borers have been reported. Although it is generally low maintenance, pruning is needed to manage size and shape. Among its virtues are tolerance to air pollu-tion, most soil types compacted soils, drought, seacoast exposure, and cold. Female trees can produce fruit litter if there is a male tree nearby to pollinate the inconspicuous flowers.
Colvillea racemosaCommon name – Colville’s Glory
Ficus binnendijkiiCommon name – Alii, Amstel King
Pseudobombax ellipticumCommon name – Shaving-Brush Tree
Wallaceodendron celebicumCommon name – Banuyo
Sapindus oahuensisCommon name – Hawaiian soapberry; Hawaiian name – Lonomea, Aulu
Pittosporum hosmeriHawaiian name – Ho‘awa
Afrocarpus graciliorCommon name – Weeping Afrocarpus
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What does it mean to create A-KUA potential in land-scaping? First of all, you’ll have to define AKUA and
A-KUA? Go ahead. I’ll give a few minutes to look it up the same way we defined “Mahina La‘au”. Remember? Return to this article when you feel you’ve got something. Hint: what we’re looking for is a STATE...not geographical:)
Minute 1...Minute 2... Minute 3... Minute
4...This is
an important skill in your trade. I’ll wait. Don’t just wait till I give you my answer. Go look! (Humming “I just called to say I Love You” by Stevie Wonder...hum-hum-hum, hum-hum, hum-hum-hum...). Minute 5...Minute 6. Ok. What have you come up with?
Akua: Now, a-kua:Actually you could have just looked to
the title. A-Kua is potentiality, a state of being ones own deity. By intentionally creating landscape that pulls in particu-
lar energies we can co-create the possibility for the A-Kua to come through. Let me give an analogy. Whenever someone asks me to
bless a house, an office, land, etc., the first thing I ask them is “what is
the potential you want to manifest in your business or home?” Well sometimes
the answer is growth, spiritual growth, growth of relationships, or financial growth. Sometimes people want a pro-fundity of growth. Sometimes people want enlightenment. Sometime they want a sense of ‘Ohana in the business and so on. It is at that point I begin to imagine the design the piko, the navel of the home, building, office to be blessed/dedicated. And what do you suppose the piko is made up of? YUP! That’s right! The piko is created from vegetable mat-ter or La‘au. The La‘au we use in piko can be cultivated or mahi and sometimes the La‘au can be weuweu or wild. Use of both makes for great outcomes. In my experience as a house blesser person [I suppose with a name like Kekuhi-kuhipuuone...cannot help. See David Malo for reference.], the piko is made of either a single material like la‘i or hau, or ‘aha, or wauke. Or the piko can be made with a number of vegetable ele-ments, like a lei. Essentially this type IS a lei made in proportion to the entry or main post of the building. So what does making a piko have to do with landscap-ing? Well...here it is. Of course there is the aesthetics of the whole thing. But beyond aesthetics, what carries more weight in term of the mana the piko has is WHO gets included in the piko. Yes, who...which plant people. The energy of particular La‘au people, sometimes clearly sometimes subtly indicated in the la‘au’s name, determines WHO we include in the piko.
In landscaping, who we kanu or plant determines the energy of the space and whether or not people are able to draw a particular energy from a space. In the Hawai‘i mindset to bring about the highest state of potentiality, or A-Kua, is to intentionally draw upon a diversity of elements. Remember the chant, ‘O Wakea Noho Ia Papahanaumoku from the last article? Well that’s a great ex-ample of how space (Wakea), Papa who is earth, Hoohokukalani who is stars, kalo who is Haloa are bound together in the
birthing of a new reality. That reality is the domestic populace wherein
the meeting and interacting of 4 of our most primal elements produces, for that moment, an
A-Kua state through which the kanaka could enter the world.
How do we apply this mythic image to bring about
an A-Kua potential for the cus-tomer? Easy...plant the right La‘au people, in relationship to the ele-
ments that support them and then the La‘au will do the rest of the work. Ohi‘a is foundational. It is the water-gathering tree. Ohi‘a is the ascension. Kupukupu for profundity. ‘Ulu for growth. Ko or sugar cane not only come in a variety of color, but also adds movement to a space. Ko means to support (ko-kua), or carry out (hoo-ko). Palai or ferns for pliability or flexibility. Hapu‘u to encourage nurturing. Kukui or Lama for enlightenment. ‘A‘ali‘i for steadfastness and durability. Kokoolau for super-sup-port. Ka-mani for the money....haha-haha! Nah! Only joking...but it might work:). Many kalo varieties have their own types of characteristics and energy. And the list goes on and on and on.
Essentially what I intend when I de-sign a piko is to bring about the desired outcomes for the home/building owner. Hint: This type of alchemy is most ef-fective when the customer/homeowner are oriented to the why’s and the what’s and the how’s of each plant. In other words, dont only plant the la‘au, plant the intention of how each La‘au helps in attaining certain outcomes. I find that informed people find meaning they need in the space through the la‘au if they’re oriented. And the La‘au are much happier when they are commu-nicated with. THIS interaction is what bringing about the A-Kua potential is all about...purposefully connecting kanaka to the more than kanaka part of our-selves present in the plant people and related phenomenon. That’s a wrap!
Kekuhi Keali‘ikanaka‘oleohaililani is one of three Kumu Hula at
Halau O Kekuhi. She is the Executive Director of the Edith Kanaka’ole Foundation and Associ-
ate Professor of Hawaiian Studies at Hawai’i Communi-
ty College where she co-founded the pres-ent two-year degrees in hula, fishing and farming. Kekuhi teaches Hawai‘i culture and Language. She is involved in numer-ous local and global movements in ecol-ogy and spirituality. She has co-produced Halau O Kekuhi’s most outstanding hula performances and chant recordings. She is also a recording artist and is currently working on her fourth recording project with her son Kaumakiwa Kealiikanakaole. She is the Senior Scholar at the Kohala Center and owns her own business called Lonoa Honua.
cReatiNg the
poteNtiaL iN LaNdscapiNga-Kua
30 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 thE VOiCE OF hAWAii’S GREEN iNDUStRY
EMBODyING THE HAWAII UNIvERSE
ICOLOGYhawai‘-
by KEKUHI KEALI‘IKANAKA‘OLEOHAILILANI
HAWAIISCAPE.Com 31
YOU’RE MAKING A LIVING. WE’RE
MAKING IT EASIER.
0%FOR 48 MONTHS
NO DOWN PAYMENTNO PAYMENT FOR 90 DAYS
*Offer valid from October 1, 2013 to February 28, 2014 on select new models of machines manufactured by Caterpillar Building Construction Products Division. Flexible payment terms available. Offer excludes Cat-erpillar Telehandlers. Offer cannot be combined with any other offers. Financing and published rate are subject to credit approval through Cat Financial. Offer subject to machine availability. Offer may change with-out prior notice and additional terms and conditions may apply. © 2013 Caterpillar. All Rights Reserved. CAT, CATERPILLAR, BUILT FOR IT, their respective logos, “Caterpillar Yellow,” the “Power Edge” trade dress as well as corporate and product identity used herein, are trade-marks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission.
800.437.4228hawthornecat.com
What does it mean to create A-KUA potential in land-scaping? First of all, you’ll have to define AKUA and
A-KUA? Go ahead. I’ll give a few minutes to look it up the same way we defined “Mahina La‘au”. Remember? Return to this article when you feel you’ve got something. Hint: what we’re looking for is a STATE...not geographical:)
Minute 1...Minute 2... Minute 3... Minute
4...This is
an important skill in your trade. I’ll wait. Don’t just wait till I give you my answer. Go look! (Humming “I just called to say I Love You” by Stevie Wonder...hum-hum-hum, hum-hum, hum-hum-hum...). Minute 5...Minute 6. Ok. What have you come up with?
Akua: Now, a-kua:Actually you could have just looked to
the title. A-Kua is potentiality, a state of being ones own deity. By intentionally creating landscape that pulls in particu-
lar energies we can co-create the possibility for the A-Kua to come through. Let me give an analogy. Whenever someone asks me to
bless a house, an office, land, etc., the first thing I ask them is “what is
the potential you want to manifest in your business or home?” Well sometimes
the answer is growth, spiritual growth, growth of relationships, or financial growth. Sometimes people want a pro-fundity of growth. Sometimes people want enlightenment. Sometime they want a sense of ‘Ohana in the business and so on. It is at that point I begin to imagine the design the piko, the navel of the home, building, office to be blessed/dedicated. And what do you suppose the piko is made up of? YUP! That’s right! The piko is created from vegetable mat-ter or La‘au. The La‘au we use in piko can be cultivated or mahi and sometimes the La‘au can be weuweu or wild. Use of both makes for great outcomes. In my experience as a house blesser person [I suppose with a name like Kekuhi-kuhipuuone...cannot help. See David Malo for reference.], the piko is made of either a single material like la‘i or hau, or ‘aha, or wauke. Or the piko can be made with a number of vegetable ele-ments, like a lei. Essentially this type IS a lei made in proportion to the entry or main post of the building. So what does making a piko have to do with landscap-ing? Well...here it is. Of course there is the aesthetics of the whole thing. But beyond aesthetics, what carries more weight in term of the mana the piko has is WHO gets included in the piko. Yes, who...which plant people. The energy of particular La‘au people, sometimes clearly sometimes subtly indicated in the la‘au’s name, determines WHO we include in the piko.
In landscaping, who we kanu or plant determines the energy of the space and whether or not people are able to draw a particular energy from a space. In the Hawai‘i mindset to bring about the highest state of potentiality, or A-Kua, is to intentionally draw upon a diversity of elements. Remember the chant, ‘O Wakea Noho Ia Papahanaumoku from the last article? Well that’s a great ex-ample of how space (Wakea), Papa who is earth, Hoohokukalani who is stars, kalo who is Haloa are bound together in the
birthing of a new reality. That reality is the domestic populace wherein
the meeting and interacting of 4 of our most primal elements produces, for that moment, an
A-Kua state through which the kanaka could enter the world.
How do we apply this mythic image to bring about
an A-Kua potential for the cus-tomer? Easy...plant the right La‘au people, in relationship to the ele-
ments that support them and then the La‘au will do the rest of the work. Ohi‘a is foundational. It is the water-gathering tree. Ohi‘a is the ascension. Kupukupu for profundity. ‘Ulu for growth. Ko or sugar cane not only come in a variety of color, but also adds movement to a space. Ko means to support (ko-kua), or carry out (hoo-ko). Palai or ferns for pliability or flexibility. Hapu‘u to encourage nurturing. Kukui or Lama for enlightenment. ‘A‘ali‘i for steadfastness and durability. Kokoolau for super-sup-port. Ka-mani for the money....haha-haha! Nah! Only joking...but it might work:). Many kalo varieties have their own types of characteristics and energy. And the list goes on and on and on.
Essentially what I intend when I de-sign a piko is to bring about the desired outcomes for the home/building owner. Hint: This type of alchemy is most ef-fective when the customer/homeowner are oriented to the why’s and the what’s and the how’s of each plant. In other words, dont only plant the la‘au, plant the intention of how each La‘au helps in attaining certain outcomes. I find that informed people find meaning they need in the space through the la‘au if they’re oriented. And the La‘au are much happier when they are commu-nicated with. THIS interaction is what bringing about the A-Kua potential is all about...purposefully connecting kanaka to the more than kanaka part of our-selves present in the plant people and related phenomenon. That’s a wrap!
Kekuhi Keali‘ikanaka‘oleohaililani is one of three Kumu Hula at
Halau O Kekuhi. She is the Executive Director of the Edith Kanaka’ole Foundation and Associ-
ate Professor of Hawaiian Studies at Hawai’i Communi-
ty College where she co-founded the pres-ent two-year degrees in hula, fishing and farming. Kekuhi teaches Hawai‘i culture and Language. She is involved in numer-ous local and global movements in ecol-ogy and spirituality. She has co-produced Halau O Kekuhi’s most outstanding hula performances and chant recordings. She is also a recording artist and is currently working on her fourth recording project with her son Kaumakiwa Kealiikanakaole. She is the Senior Scholar at the Kohala Center and owns her own business called Lonoa Honua.
cReatiNg the
poteNtiaL iN LaNdscapiNga-Kua
30 LANDSCAPE HAWAII NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013 thE VOiCE OF hAWAii’S GREEN iNDUStRY
EMBODyING THE HAWAII UNIvERSE
ICOLOGYhawai‘-
by KEKUHI KEALI‘IKANAKA‘OLEOHAILILANI
803 Mapunapuna Street, Honolulu, HI 96819-2086
TEL (808) 833-4567 FAX (808) 833-9346 hiscosales.com
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