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,,lideris fenomeni”,,lideris fenomeni”,,lideris fenomeni”,,lideris fenomeni” saxelmZRvaneloSi Tavmoyrilia samecniero konferenciis masalebi, saxelmZRvaneloSi Tavmoyrilia samecniero konferenciis masalebi, saxelmZRvaneloSi Tavmoyrilia samecniero konferenciis masalebi, saxelmZRvaneloSi Tavmoyrilia samecniero konferenciis masalebi, romelic gaimarTa 2005 wlis 9 dekembers grigol robaqiZis saxelobis romelic gaimarTa 2005 wlis 9 dekembers grigol robaqiZis saxelobis romelic gaimarTa 2005 wlis 9 dekembers grigol robaqiZis saxelobis romelic gaimarTa 2005 wlis 9 dekembers grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universitetSi.universitetSi.universitetSi.universitetSi.

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sazogadoeba, Tundac Zlierebisgan Semdgari sustia, Tu mas Zlieri ar sazogadoeba, Tundac Zlierebisgan Semdgari sustia, Tu mas Zlieri ar sazogadoeba, Tundac Zlierebisgan Semdgari sustia, Tu mas Zlieri ar sazogadoeba, Tundac Zlierebisgan Semdgari sustia, Tu mas Zlieri ar hyavs saTaveSi. (seneka)hyavs saTaveSi. (seneka)hyavs saTaveSi. (seneka)hyavs saTaveSi. (seneka) Tumca:Tumca:Tumca:Tumca: "martoka erTi ras izams, Tundac cecxls hyrides piriTa"(vaJa) wigni eZRvneba lideris fenomenis Seswavlas sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoSi. gvsurs Cvenma sociumma ukeT gaigos lideris mniSvneloba da funqciebi da is, rom lideroba mxolod rCeulTa xvedria, isini qmnian epoqebs da epoqebi qmnian maT.

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ნიკოლოზ ჯანელიძენიკოლოზ ჯანელიძენიკოლოზ ჯანელიძენიკოლოზ ჯანელიძე.... grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti.grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti.grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti.grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti. fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifos marTvis.fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifos marTvis.fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifos marTvis.fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifos marTvis. specialoba: samarTalmcodneoba.specialoba: samarTalmcodneoba.specialoba: samarTalmcodneoba.specialoba: samarTalmcodneoba. “lideris fenomeni sxvadasxva “lideris fenomeni sxvadasxva “lideris fenomeni sxvadasxva “lideris fenomeni sxvadasxva Teoriebis mixeTeoriebis mixeTeoriebis mixeTeoriebis mixeddddviT.”viT.”viT.”viT.” blondeli wers: lideroba- es aris Zalaufleba. igi warmoadgens “mwvervalze” myofi adamianis unars aiZulos sxva gaakeTos is, rasac Tavad ar gaakeTebda arcerT SemTxvevaSi. es avtoris subieqturi TvalTaxedvaa da SeiZleba ar daveTanxmoT. liderze saubars ian SCepanski miznobrivi jgufis cnebis SemotaniT iwyebs. miznobrivi gaerTianeba moicavs im erTnairi miznebis mqone adamianebs, romlebic SeiZleba erTobis miznebad iqcnen. aqve xazgasmiT aRvniSnoT gansxvaveba “erTnairsa” da “saerTos” Soris. saerTo mizans safuZvlad udevs adamianTa pirovnuli urTierTobebi. xolo roca piraduli kontaqtebi qreba mizani “saerTodan” icvleba “erTnairisken”. miznobriv jgufSi umniSvnelovanes da SeiZleba vTqvaT gadamwyet rolsac ki TamaSobs lideri. gaerTianebis Seqmnis periodSi is xels uwyobs jgufis wevrebis mier, TavianTi interesebis gacnobierebas da amrigad ubiZgebs maT gaerTianebisken. lideri xelmZRvanelobs Tavis xelqveiT personals, agreTve gaerTianebis wevrebs, romlebTac uCvenebs gaerTianebis realizaciis gzebs. lideris mizania wevrebs Seuqmnas da SeunarCunos pozitiuri ganwyobebi mTlianad gaerTianebisadmi, misi miznebisadmi, institutebisa da faseulobebis mimarT. lideris gansakuTrebuli niSan Tvisebebi damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogoria gaerTianebis interesebis xasiaTi da Sinaarsobrivi amocana. yvela miznobriv jgufSi warmoiSoba konfliqtis movlenebi, romelsac axorcielebs an yvela wevri (mcire gaerTaneba) an xelisuflebis saTaveSi myofo jgufi(didi gaerTianeba). lideris rolSi dafarulia imis safrTxe, rom igi gadaiqceva gaerTianebis miznis SezRudul fanatikosad, romelic sakuTari Tavisganac da wevr-ebisganac ukompromisod moiTxovs statusiT Camoyalibebuli principebisa da miznebis realizacias, ar Seswevs moqnili moqmedebis unari, raTa arsebuli mdgomareoba gamoiyenos Tavis sasikeTod. igi mTel saqmianobas warmarTavs iseTi mimarTulebiT, romelic Secvlis gaerTianebis principul miznebs. amitom brZola liderebsa da sxadasxva koncefciisa da miznebis interpretaciebs Soris sayovelTao movlenaa miznobriv gaerTianebaSi. Tumca konfliqtebi SeiZleba warmoiSvas ara marto liderebs Soris, aramed jgufis wevrebs Sorisac, amitom wevrTa Sinagani SekavSirebis da integraciis problema, interesTa erTobis xazgasma, wevrebis pozitiur ganwyobaTa da miswrafebaTa mobilizacia liderTa upirveles da uaxloess mizans warmoadgens. is am miznis ganxorcielebas cdilobs sxvadasxva gzebiT. Tumca yvelaze aprobirebuli da warmatebuli meTodia stimulebis erTiani sistemis Camoyalibeba. es stimulebi ki SeiZleba iyos: lozungebi, frazebi, mowodebani, garkveul

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movlenebisTvis simboluri xasiaTis miniWeba, sapatio titulebisa da ordenebis gadacema da a.S. am yvelaferis kargad warmosadgenad dagvexmareba gavixenoT Cven sociumSi arsebuli organizaciebi da institutebi aqtivobis amaRlebisTvis ra sistemiT moqmedeben. raze amaxvileben yuradRebas da ras miiCneven iseTad, rac namdvilad warmatebulad moqmedebs sazogadoebaze. lideroba iseTive Zveli cnebaa rogorc kacobrioba. igi universaluri da gardauvalia, arsebobs yvelgan, sadac ki ramdenime adamiania gaerTianebuli saerToO interesebiTa da miznebiT, araformalur organizaciebSi, kompaniebsa Tu quCis bandebSi. imisaTvis raTa iarsebos liderma, aucilebelia jgufis arseboba da logikuria rom ar arsebobs lideri jgufis gareSe da jgufi lideris gareSe. arsebobs sxvadasxva Teoriebi, romlebic Taviseburad aRiqvamen lideris fenomens, amtkiceben sakuTar mosazrebas argumentebiT da zogjer winaaRmdegobaSic modian erTmaneTTan rac absoluturad normaluria, radgan azrTa diferenciacia da indeividualizmi xom yvelaze didi da faqizi monapovaria Tnamedrove demokratiis. niSanniSanniSanniSan----Tvisebebis TeoriaTvisebebis TeoriaTvisebebis TeoriaTvisebebis Teoria niSan-Tvisebebis Teoriis mixedviT lideri aris adamiani, romelic flobs iseT gansazRvrul TvisebaTa erTobliobas, rac gamoarCevs mas Cveulebrivi adamianebisgan. es Teoria adamianis gamorCeuli Tvisebebis safuzvelze cdilobs liderobis fenomeni axsnas. liderisTvis aRniSnuli Teoria damaxasiaTeblad Tvlis: inteleqts, yuradRebis miqcevis unars, komunikabelobas, oratorul niWs, iumoris grZnobas, maxvilgonierebas, mizanswrafulobas, mCqefare energias, organizaciul niWs, Tavis Tavze pasuxismgeblobis aRebis unars, garkveulwilad fizikur aRnagobas, admianebSi ndobis mopovebis unars. xSirad TviT es Tvisebebic wianaaRndegobaSi modian erTmaneTTan. magaliTad, erTni Tvlian, rom lideri unda flobdes did inteleqts, gamWriaxobas, fundameturi azrovnebis unars vidre jgufis sxva wevrebi. meoreni ki piriqiT, xazs usvamen, rom brwyinvale goneba srulebiTac ar aris aucilebeli, vinaidan mas Cvevia daeWveba, damoukideblad moazrovne adamianebs ki ZaluZT win aRudgnen jgufis zewolas da amdenad liderni sazogadoebidan gariyulnic ki SeiZleba gaxdnen radgan isini arian ara moazrovneni, aramed uprincipo konformistebi. niSan-Tvisebebis Teoria ver iTvaliswinebs imas, rom sxadasxva epoqaSi, gansxvavebuli socialur-politikuri Zalebi moiTxoven liderebs, romlebic am zogad niSnebTan erTad specifikur Tvisebebsac unda flobdes. am TvisebebTa erToblioba mniSvnelovnad icvleba imis da mixedviT, Tu romeli istoriuli epoqaa, romel qveyanasTan Tu konkretul situaciasTan gvaqvs saqme. dResac ki is pirovnuli Tu socialuri Tvisebebi, romelic iZleva politikuri Tu ara politikuri warmatebis Sans arsebiaTad gansxvavdeba. magaliTad germaniaSi, TurqeTSi, saqarTvelosa da Sua aziis qveynebSi. garda amisa monawileoba axal procesebSi TvisTavad iwvevs axali Tvisebebis formirebas da ganmtkicebas, romelic aucilebelia lideris rolis

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Sesasruleblad, amasTan, lideris qcevis stili da manera garkveuli socialuri pirobebis zegavlenas ganicdis. situaciuri koncefciis Teoriasituaciuri koncefciis Teoriasituaciuri koncefciis Teoriasituaciuri koncefciis Teoria situaciuri koncefciis Teoriis warmomadgenlebs miaCniaT, rom lideri yalibdeba da moqmedebs situaciis Sesabamisad, romelic qmnis kidev moTxovnilebebs, dabrkolebebsa da SesaZleblobebs liderisa da misi mimdevrebisTvis. situaciuri Teoria amodis liderobis fardobiTobisa da mravalgvarobisagn. lideri gansazRvruli situaciis funqciaa. lideroba socialur situaciazea damokidebuli, amitom adamiani, romelic erT situaciaSi aRmoCnda lideris ampluaSi, savaldebulo ar aris iyos aseve lideri sxva situaciebSic. swored konkretuli garemoeba da viTareba ganapirobebs politikur liderTa SerCevas. qveynis ekonomikuri, kulturuli, ideologiuri situacia didad gansazRvravs imas Tu rogori tipis liderebs eqnebaT upiratesoba. situacia, romelic iyo saqarTveloSi 1987-1991 qlebSi, moiTxovda ufro Zveli totaluri reJimis winaaRmdeg mebrZol liders, romelic xalxs erovnul damoukideblobas mianiWebda. erovnuli damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg Secvlilma viTrebam moiTxova ara mebrZoli, aramed situaciis mastabilerebeli da aRmSenebeli liderebi. rasakvirvelia yvelaferi situacis ar unda "gadavabraloT". es koncefcia ar iTvaliswinebs im faqts, rom ara mxolod situacia badebs liders aramd Zlier pirovnebebsac ZaluZT situaciis Seqmna. didi lideri "grZnobs" situacias da icis rodis SeiZleba misi gamoyeneba. mas aqvs unari sworad da Tavis droze Seafasos da Secvalos situacia, ipovos mwvave problemis gadaWris gzebi da saSualebebi. sakiTxavia 90-iani wlebis bolos Cveni qveynis "Cveni lideri" marTlac am misiiT iyo movlenili qveyanas, rom stabilizaciisTvis Seewyo xeli da "asec gaakeTa" Tu ubralod amgvarad iyo dagegmili iq, sadRac (bunebrivia gangeba ar igulisxmeba) SeerCiaT vinme, ganurCevlad misi lideruli potencialisa, qarizmisa da a.S. idealistebi (an misi "lideristebi") Tu ityvian, rom samSoblom moiTxova is. ara ubralod es didi politikaa. patara qveyanaSi didi qveynis didi politika, ramac es patara qveyana kidev ufro daapatarava did qveyanas ki saSualeba misca "gaTiSe da ibatones" principiT exelmZRvanela. Semdegi da bolo lideri jer-jerobiT... misi xasiaTi qarizma da energia Cveni qveynis pirveli legitimuri mTavrobis liders mogvagonebs. msgavsi radikalizmi, brbos fsiqologiis warmatebuli Seswavla (gamoyenebisTvis), uSreti mWevrmetyveleba, konformizmis sastiki uaryofa, magram naklebi patriotizmi (albaT). ai ra axasiaTebs mas. zemoT aRniSnuli Teoriis kidev erTi dadastureba, situaciam moiTxova, xalxma airCia, Tumca wina periodisgan gansxvavebiT aq sxva saxelmwifos aseve "sxvagvari" didi politikaa. samwuxarod es yvelaferi qarTveli xalxis mravaltanjul mxrebze gadadis.

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analogiuri magaliTi SeiZleba moviyvanoT msoflio istoriis nebismieri ori (droiTi gagebiT daSorebuli) etapis Sedarebisas. namdvili lideria kofi anani... humanizmis, kacTmoyvareobis, solidarobis erTgvari simbolo. kaci romelmac umciresidan umaRles miaRwia... magram misi warmodgena me-10, me-11, an Tundac napoleonis epoqaSi mxolodamxolod Rimils iwvevs, radgan am epoqebs ar sWirdeboda is, ar arsebobda moTxovnileba msoflio sazogadoebisa erT pirs exelmZRvanela saerTaSoriso organizaciisTvis, romelsac ufleba eqneboda nebismier qveyanaSi emoqmeda, radgan Tavis mxriv yvela qveyana valdebulia am organizaciis wevri iyos. zemoT aRniSnuli Teoria erT-erTi yvelaze axlosaa realobasTan. es Cemi subieqturi TvalTaxedvaa da gamoxatuleba sakuTari individualizmis. ase rom SeiZleba arc dameTanxmoT. konstituekonstituekonstituekonstituennnntebis da mimdevarTa Teoriatebis da mimdevarTa Teoriatebis da mimdevarTa Teoriatebis da mimdevarTa Teoria konstituentebis da mimdevarTa Teoria liderobis saidumlos eZebs ara pirovnebaSi, aramed mimdevarTa molodinSi da moTxovnebSi, romlebic am molodinebis Sesabamisad mxars uWeren an uaryofen realur liderebs. lideri xdeba adamiani, romelic yvelaze ukeT axorcielebs orientacias sxvebze. swored rom jgufi irCevs liders, romelic mis ineteresebsa da orientacias Tu msoflmxedvelobas Seesabameba. liders xelmZRvaneloben da Zalas aZleven misi momxreebi da mimdevrebi. konstituentTa analizi saSualebas gvaZlevs gavigoT viwinaswarmetyveloT politikuri lideris qceva, romelic xSirad sakuTari politikuri simpatiebis an antipatiebis sapirispirod moqmedebs. konstituentebis meSveobiT vlindeba gabatonebuli politikuri kulturis da upirveles yovlisa, amomrCevelTa RirebulebiTi orientaciebisa da molodinebis zemoqmedeba politikaze. demokratiul saxelmwifoSi politikuri liderebis rolis mosurne pretendentebs SeuZliaT hqondeT warmatebis imedi mxolod xalxis umravlesobis molodinebTan maTi imijis damTxvevis SemTxvevaSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT mkvlevalebi aRniSnaven, rom lideris aseTi gageba ver gvixsnis lideris mier gamovlenil inovaciebs, damoukideblobasa da aqtiurobas. Tvlian, rom Tanamedrove pirobebSi lideri xdeba moxerxebuli konformisti da Semguebeli "tipi", anu karieristi, romelic Tavis TavSi ayalibebs im Tvisebebs, romelic koniuqturas Seesabameba. igi Tavis Tavs epyroba, rogorc saqonels, romelic rac SeiZleba sarfianad unda gayidos. aseT liderebs "flugerebs" uwodeben. swored mimdevarTa moTxovnilebebsa da ganwyobilebaTa mimarT SemgueblobaSi, jgufuri zewolis wianaaRmdegobis gauwevlobaSi xedavs mravali mkvlevari Tanamedrove pirobebSi liderobis faqtoris Sesustebis erT-erT mTavar mizezs. sinTezuri Teoria moiTxovs gaviTvaliswinoT rogorc pirovnebis Tvisebebi da specifikuri pirobebi, romelSic igi moqmodebs, ise jgufisa da misi wevrebis xasiaTic.

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fsiqologiuri Teoriafsiqologiuri Teoriafsiqologiuri Teoriafsiqologiuri Teoria fsiqologiuri Teoriis momxreebi Tvlian, rom adamianis fsiqika pirveladia. igi devs sazogadoebis cxovrebis safuZvlebSi da gansazRvravs mas. zigmund froidis azriT, liderobis safuZvelia daTrgunuli libido, rogorc upiratesad seqsualuri xasiaTis aracnobieri ltolva. sublimaciis periodSi igi vlindeba Semoqmedebisadmi da maT Soris liderobisken miswrafebaSi. liderobis subieqturi miReba jer kidev bavSvobaSi iwyeba, rodesac sWirdeba mfarveloba da mSobelTa avtoriteti. am azriT saxelmwifos xelmZRvanelis avtoriteti ojaxis mamis avtoritets emsgavseba. fsiqoanalitikosebi liderobas ganixilaven rogorc nevrozis gansazRvrul saxes. maTi azriT, sazogadoeba iyofa fsiqikurad normalur da aranormalur adamianebad. swored am ukanasknels hqoniaT liderobis unari. Tu gamoCenili adamianebis biografiebs yuradRebiT SeviswavliT naTlad davinaxavT rom TiToeuli maTgani bavSvobaSi (an Semdeg) itanjeboda ama Tu im fsiqikuri gadaxriT. aseTi midgomisas pirovnebis fsiqikuri Taviseburebebis arc absolutizireba da arc daufasebloba SeiZleba. metad mniSvnelovani da amave dros ucnauri sakiTxia adamianis fizikuri SesaZleblobebis gamo kompleqsebis gaCena risi Sedegic xSirad liderobisken swrafviT gamoixateba. fsiqologebi am moments akavSireben potenciuri lideris CagvriT damokidebulebaSi sazogadoebisgan. adreul asakSi maT cnobierebaSi arasrulfasovnebis kompleqsis gaCenis gamo uyalibdebodaT maxinji fsiqika, rasac Semdeg sazogadoebis mimarT arnaxuli agresiiT gamoxatavdnen. kompleqsis mizezi uamravi SeiZleba yofiliyo. umetesad socialur niadagze Cagvra an diskriminacia qonebrivi cenzis gamo. rac Seexeba fizikur nakls is SeiZleba yofiliyo Tundac pirovnebis simaRle. Tu gadavxedavT msoflio istorias davinaxavT rom diqtatorTa umravlesoba mokrZalebuli simaRlisa iyo. vfiqrob zemoT aRniSnuli yvela Teorias aqvT ufleba iarsebon, aqvT ufleba hyavdT mxardamWerni, rameTu WeSmaritebis garkveul aspeqts yoveli maTgani avlens, Tumca ara mTlian WeSmaritebas. bunebrivia Cndeba survili oTxive Teoriis gaerTianebis, raTa CamovayaliboT, erTiani universaluri gageba Tu aRqma lideris metad saintereso da rTuli fenomenisa. unda vTqvaT rom amis mcdelobas vawydebiT da miRebuli Sedegi cnobilia interaqcionaluri analizis saxeliT. Tumca mas araferi moucia garda zemoT aRniSnuli Teoriebis meqanikuri jamisa.

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gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura: 1. ian SCepanski_"sociologiis elementaruli cnebebi" 2. eduard kodua_"sociologia" 3. niko berZeniSvili_"politika da sociologia" 4. Enciklopedy 97;Enkarta(R);Microsoft production(1995-2000);

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baqar verulaSvilibaqar verulaSvilibaqar verulaSvilibaqar verulaSvili saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti.saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti.saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti.saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti. fakulteti: humanitafakulteti: humanitafakulteti: humanitafakulteti: humanitarulrulrulrul----teqnikuri.teqnikuri.teqnikuri.teqnikuri. specialoba: saxelmwifos marTvis moxele.specialoba: saxelmwifos marTvis moxele.specialoba: saxelmwifos marTvis moxele.specialoba: saxelmwifos marTvis moxele. “politikuri lideri"“politikuri lideri"“politikuri lideri"“politikuri lideri" politikis raobis garkveva erT-erTi urTulesi analitikuri problemaa. es cneba araCveulebrivad farToa da rogorc m. veberi ityoda, “moRvaweobis yvela nairsaxeobas moicavs.” xSirad politikuris cnebiT moiazreban mizandasaxul saqmianobas, qmedebas, iqneba es saxelmwifos meTauris, partiisa Tu firmis moqmedeba. ufro metic, masSi aigiveben Wkviani qalis moqmedebasac ki, romelic cdilobs, marTos Tavisi qmari. zogjer politikuris qveS agreTve moiazreben “SesaZleblis xelovnebas”, xSirad ki mas axasiaTeben, rogorc “binZur saqmes.” platoni xazgasmiT aRniSnavda, rom politika esaa adamianis mier adamianTa marTvis sfero, romlis safuZveli erTdroulad aris rogorc samefo codna, ise xelovneba. aristoteles azriT, politika es aris adamianuri saqmianobis umaRlesi forma, ramdenadac misi meSveobiT adamianur urTierTobebSi yalibdeba samarTlianoba da miiRweva saerTo sikeTe. politika da politikuri urTierTobebi warmoudgenelia Zalauflebis fenomenis gareSe. aRsaniSnavia, rom politika es aris sfero, romelSic swored Zalauflebrivi urTierTobebi xorcieldeba. politika qmedebaa, romelic mimarTulia Zalauflebis mopovebis, SenarCunebisa da gamoyenebisaken. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia n. makiavelis da m. veberis Sexedulebebi. n. makiaveli yuradRebas amaxvilebs ZalauflebisTvis brZolisa da misi gamoyenebis xelovnebaze, teqnikaze, xerxebsa da saSualebebze. igi politikas axasiaTebs, rogorc “saSualebaTa erTobliobas, romelic aucilebelia imisTvis, raTa moxvide xelisuflebaSi, ganimtkico Zalaufleba da sasargeblod gamoiyeno igi.” m. veberis mixedviT, “politika sxva araferia, Tu ara miswrafeba ZalauflebaSi monawileobisken, an mis ganawilebaze zegavlenis mopovebisken; sulerTia, iqneba es Zalauflebis gadanawileba sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebs Soris, Tu erTi saxelmwifos SigniT sxvadasxva jgufebs Soris.” politikis sazRvrebs veberi mxolod saxelmwifoTi sazRvravs, rameTu miaCnia, rom “politikis mTavari saSualeba Zaladobaa“. Zaladobaze legitimuri da aRiarebuli ufleba ki mxolod saxelmwifos aqvs. marto iseTi socialuri warmonaqmnebi rom arsebuliyo, romelTaTvisac ucnobia Zaladoba, maSin, veberis azriT, ukugdebuli iqneboda “saxelmwifos” cneba da daisadgurebda isaTi ram, rasac “anarqias” uwodeben. Zaladoba ki saxelmwifos specifikuri RonisZiebaa. politika, rogorc Teoriuli disciplina, mowodebulia, naTlad gansazRvros sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sxvadasxva aspeqtebs Soris arsebuli rTuli kavSirebi da mimarTebebi, iseTebi, rogoricaa: saxelmwifoebrivi agebuleba, ekonomika da socialuri struqtura. d. heldis azriT, “politika aris socialur jgufTa, institutTa da sazogadoebaTa sayovelTao urTierTkavSiris (Sinaganis da gareganis)

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fenomeni, romelic mWidrodaa asocirebuli adamianuri saqmianobis yvela socialur da kerZo sferosTan. politika warmoadgens mTeli adamianuri cxovrebis Semadgenel nawils, sazogadoebis warmoebisa da kvlavwarmoebis aucilebel ganzomilebas. politika, esaa mecniereba socialur agentTa da institutTa “gardamqmneli SesaZleblobebis“ Sesaxeb, misi sagani srulebiT araa mxolod mTavrobis an mTavrobebis saqmianoba”. k. Smiti xazs usvams politikis konfliqtur bunebas, magram nakleb yuradRebas aqcevs mis konsensusur raobas, romelic mdgomareobs wesrigisa da samarTlianobis damkvidrebaSi. mecnieris azriT, “specifikuri politikuri gansxvaveba, romelzec SeiZleba daviyvanoT politikuri moqmedeba da motivebi – aris megobrisa da mtris gansxvaveba. iseve, rogorc SeuZlebelia erTmaneTSi agverios keTilisa da borotis dapirispireba mSvenierisa da maxinjis dapirispirebaSi, aseve SeuZlebelia avurioT isini megobari-mtris dapirispirebaSi. imis swori Semecnebisa da gagebis SesaZlebloba, Tu vin aris mteri da vin – megobari, miT ufro srulfasovani monawileoba ganxilvisa da msjavris gamotanaSi gveZleva mxolod egzistencialuri monawileobiTa da TanaziarobiT. k. Smitis azriT, eqstremaluri konfliqturi SemTxveva SeuZliaT erTmaneTs Soris moagvaron mxolod Tavad monawileebma. is, “rom xalxebi jgufdebian “megobari-mteri” dapirispirebis mixedviT, rom es dapirispireba dResac namdvilia da rogorc realuri SesaZlebloba eZleva yovel politikurad arsebul xalxs - amis gonivruli wesiT uaryofa SeuZlebelia.” “politikurs SeuZlia, Tavisi Zala amoiRos adamianuri cxovrebis gansxvavebuli sferoebidan, religiuri, ekonomikuri, moraluri da sxva dapirispirebulobidan, politikuri niSnavs ara raime sakuTar sagnobriv sferos, aramed mxolod adamianTa asociaciisa da disociaciis intensiur xarisxs da dones, adamianebisa, romelTa motivebic SeiZleba iyos religiuri, erovnuli, ekonomikuri, an sxvadasxva periodSi Tavs avlendnen gansxvavebul SeerTebebsa da daSlebSi. “sanam xalxi arsebobs politikuris sferoSi, man unda damoukideblad gansazRvros mtrisa da megobris gansxvaveba. Tu mas metad aRar aqvs am gansxvavebis unari an neba, maSin igi wyvets politikurad arsebobas. amgvarad, k. Smiti “politikuris” cnebas sagareo politikis mimarTebaSi ayalibebs. Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi dapirispireba mxolod Zalian viwro gagebiT SeiZleba daxasiaTdes, rogorc politikuri. saSinao politika - am sityvis mkacri mniSvnelobiT moiazreba mxolod rogorc samoqalaqo omi. “arsad iseTi xarisxiT ar boboqrobs vnebebi, ar ejaxeba xasiaTebi, ar vlindeba mzaoba riskze wasasvlelad, rogorc politikaSi”. politika aris adamianuri praqtikis saxe, romlis meSveobiTac adamianebi zemoqmedeben socialur garemoze, xelaxla Wrian TavianT beds, icvlian Tavis statuss sazogadoebaSi. politika erTerTi urTulesi socialuri movlenaa, romelsac mravali funqcia da Tviseba aqvs. funqciebs or - “Semaval” da “gamomaval” jgufebad yofen. “Semavali” funqciebi gviCvenebs, Tu rogor zemoqmedebs sazogadoeba politikaze, xolo “gamomavali” funqciebi ki imas, Tu ra gavlenas axdens politikuri sistema sazogadoebaze.

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amgvarad, politikis sazogadoebaze gavlenis sferoebi SeuzRudavia, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom mas ar aqvs sazRvrebi. marTalia, “TiTqmis nebismieri sazogadoebrivi problema SeiZleba iqces politikurad im SemTxvevaSi, Tu, politikur liderTa azriT, igi exeba mTeli sazogadoebis interesebs da moiTxovs yvela moqalaqisaTvis savaldebulo gadawyvetilebebs. politika -esaa sazogadoebis cnobieri TviTregulirebis instrumenti, magram Tu politikas yvelgan ar aqvs sazRvrebi, maSin aseTi ram totalitarizmia da amdenad, gaumarTlebelia, magram mas aqvs sazRvrebi, romlis iqiTac igi ver Caereva. aseTi sferoebi, uwinares yovlisa, aris samoqalaqo sazogadoeba Tavisi sabazro ekonomikiT, kulturuli, religiuri, ojaxuri da Tavad politikuri cxovrebiT, adamianis uflebebiT da sxv. politikaSi yvelaze arsebiTi ZalauflebisTvis anu batonobisaTvis brZolaa. Tu isev m. vebers davesesxebiT, politika xom sxva araferia, “Tu ara miswrafeba ZalauflebaSi monawileobisaken, an mis ganawilebaze zegavlenis mopovebisTvis, sul erTia, iqneba es Zalauflebis gadanawileba sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebs Soris, Tu romelime saxelmwifos SigniT - adamianTa sxvadasxva jgufebs Soris. is, vinc politikaSia, Zalauflebisken miiswrafvis, sulerTia, rogor esaxeba mas es Zalaufleba - sxva, idealur an materialur mizanTa miRwevis saSualebad Tu Zalauflebad “mxolod Zalauflebis gulisaTvis”, raTa datkbes prestiJulobisaTvis im grZnobiT, rasac adamians igi aniWebs. politikaSi ki ZalauflebisaTvis brZolaa umTavresi. upirveles yovlisa Zalaufleba adamianTa Soris socio-fsiqologiuri damokidebulebaa, romelic gulisxmobs ormxriv valdebulebas imaT Soris, vinc Zalauflebas flobs da viszec es Zalaufleba vrceldeba. amgvarad, Zalaufleba, romelic yvelaze ukeT batonobaSi, anu garkveuli brZanebisadmi damorCilebis SansSi gamoixateba, gulisxmobs urTierTmolodins Zalauflebis mqoneTa da Zalauflebis adresatTa Soris. erTi mxriv, Zalauflebis mqone moelis, rom mis mier gacemul brZanebebs daemorCilebian, xolo adresati Tvlis, anu elodeba imas, rom brZanebas eqneba iseTi xasiaTi, rasac is moelis, anu aRiarebs. uzogadesi gagebiT, Zalaufleba, esaa individis (individebis) unari, gaakontrolos meore individis (individebis) moqmedeba. m. veberis azriT, adamiani SeiZleba arc ki eswrafodes Zalauflebas mxolod erTi _ ekonomikuri gamdidrebis mizniT. Zalian xSirad Zalauflebisken miswrafebas, SeniSnavs veberi, ganapirobebs socialuri “pativi”, romelic Tan sdevs da mohyveba Zalauflebisken swrafvas. miuxedavad amisa, ara nebismier Zalauflebas mivyavarT socialur “pativiscemasTan”. Zalaufleba arc mxolod nebaze daiyvanaba da arc mxolod misi Semadgeneli mxareebis gacnobierebuli damokidebulebebis erTobliobaze. Tu Zalaufleba mxolod Zalauflebis “nebaa”, maSin misi determinacia gamoricxulia, xolo Tu igi warmoudgenelia mmarTvelsa da morCils Soris aqtiuri da gacnobierebuli urTierTdamokidebulebebis gareSe, maSin mis Semadgenel mxareTa miznebis ganmarteba, rogorc absoluturi TviTnebobis gamoxatulebisa, SeuZlebelia. Zalaufleba mudam damokidebulia im resursebze, romelTa gamoyenebac Zalaufrebriv

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urTierTobaSi Semaval subieqtebs ZaluZT. saxelmwifo da Zalauflebis yoveli saxe Zaladobis aparatebia, iZulebis organizebuli formebia, magram mxolod iZulebasa da Zaladobaze yuradRebis gamaxvileba da nebayoflobiTi morCilebis ugulebelyofa an meorexarisxovnad CaTvlac ki ar aris swori da, SeiZleba iTqvas, meore ukiduresobaa Zalauflebis gagebaSi. Zalaufleba axlos dgas gavlenasTan. uwinares yovlisa, gavlena - esaa sxva individebis gadawyvetilebebsa da moqmedebaze zemoqmedebis unari, rogorc yovelgvari Zalis gamoyenebis an Zalis gamoyenebis muqaris, ise avtoritetis gareSe. erTi individi SeiZleba meoreze zegavlenas axdendes prestiJis, pativiscemis, siyvarulisa da erTgulebis safuZvelze. lideroba iseTive Zveli cnebaa, rogorc kacobrioba. igi arsebobs yvelgan, sadac ramdenime adamiani gaerTianebulia saerTo miznebiTa da interesebiT _ araformalur organizaciebSi, kompaniebsa da quCis bandebSi, masobriv demonstraciebSi. liderobis arsebibisaTvis aucilebelia jgufis arseboba da yvelgan, sadac warmoiqmneba jgufebi, vlindebian kidec liderebi. liderobis mravali saxe arsebobs, magram maTgan yvelaze gamorCeuli da mniSvnelovani politikuri liderobaa. unda aRiniSnos, rom igi arsobrivad da formiT Zalauflebis fenomenia. rogorc J. blondeli wers, “lideroba_esaa Zalaufleba, imitom, rom igi warmoadgens “mwvervalze” myofi erTi an ramdenime piris unars, aiZulos sxvebi, gaakeTon is pozitiuri an negatiuri, rasac isini gaakeTebdnen an ara, an saboloo angariSiT, SeeZloT ar gaekeTebinaT sazogadod.” am gansazRvrebaSi ar Cans, rom liderobasTan kavSiri aqvs ara yvela saxes. masTan uSualo Sexeba aqvs mxolod im Zalauflebas, romelic xorcieldeba mTels ersa Tu xalxze. politikuri lideri “mcire jgufis” liderisgan gamoirCeva distanciurobiT. mravalrolurobiT da korporaciulobiT. amgvarad, politikuri lideroba warmoadgens Zalauflebis mqone erTi an ramdenime piris mudmiv, prioriterul da legitimur gavlenas mTels sazogadoebaze, saxelmwifoze, organizaciasa da socialur jgufze. m. veberma gamoyo politikuri lideris sami tipi: tradiciuli, racionalur_legaluri da qarizmatuli. tradiciuli tipis lideris avtoriteti emyareba tradiciis siwmindesa da ucvlelobas. racionalur-legaluri tipis lideris avtoriteti dafuZnebulia arsebuli wesrigis legitimurobasa da individis saqmian kompetenciaze. aseT liderebs irCeven demokratiuli gziT. qarizma yalibdeba lideris realuri unarebisa da im Tvisebebisgan, romliTac aRWurvaven mas misi mimdevrebi. qarizmatul liders miewereba RvTaebrivi unarebi. urTierTdamokidebuleba masa da mis mimdevrebs Soris emociuri da, SeiZleba iTqvas, mistikuria. ramdenadac qarizmatuli lideri ar aris dakavSirebuli da damokidebuli warsulze, amdenad ZaluZs masebis mobilizeba sazogadoebis socialuri ganaxlebis mizniT. igi, ubralod Tavisi

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arsebobiTac ki, imedsa da rwmenas unergavs xalxs, rom gardaqmnebs warmatebebi eqneba. politikuri liderebis v. paretoseuli tipologia n. makiavelis naazrevidan momdinareobs. igi liderebs “lomebad” da “meliebad” yofda . “melias” tipis politikosi xasiaTdeba iseTi TvisebebiT, rogoricaa lavirebis, xdomilebaTa mimarTulebis winaswari gamocnobis, Tavisi WeSmariti miznebisa da zraxvebis dafarvis unari. is eSmakia, frTxili, SeuZlia misTvis dagebul xafangebs gverdi auaros. “lomis” tipis politikosi yvelaze xSirad moqmedebs ZaliT, sworxazobrivad da yvelaze xSirad ebmeva xafangSi. misi ZiriTadi principia, mowinaaRmdege daamarcxos gadamwyvet momentSi Ria brZolisas. rasakvirvalia, idealuri tipis politikosi iqnebida is, vinc orives Tvisebebs erTdroulad SeiTvisebda. saqmianobis mixedviT arCeven lideris or tips: ideolog_politikoss da romantikos_politikoss. sinamdvilisadmi damokidebulebis mixedviT axasiaTeben lideris sam tips: realistis, fanatikosisa da romantikosis tipebs, da bolos popularuli lideris tips. rogorc cnobilia, politika SesaZleblis xelovnebaa. realisti politikosi “sazogadoebrivi moTxovnilebebis adekvaturi miznebisa da amocanebis wamoyenebisas amodis obieqturi realobidan, ZalTa arsebuli Tanafardobidan, masebis Segnebulobis donidan, dasmuli amocanebis Sesasruleblad maTi momzadebulobis xarisxidan.” fanatikosi politikosi xelmZRvanelobs Tavisi ideologiuri mizanswrafvebiT, cdilobs sazogadoebisTvis ideebis Tavs moxvevas ise, rom angariSs ar uwevs realobas. igi araferze ukan ar ixevs, raTa miaRwios Tavis miznebs. lider_romantikoss dasawyisSi SeuZlia STaagonos, gaitacos xalxTa masebi naTeli da mimzidveli ideebiT, ocnebebis cxovrebaSi ganxorcielebis dapirebebiT. aseTi tipis liders ar aqvs ganviTarebuli Secvlil pirobebSi adekvaturi reagirebis da Tavisi moqmedebebis koreqtirebis unari. Secvlili pirobebi romantikoss abnevs, am SemTxvevaSi igi moqmedebs gauazreblad, zereled. populizmi da populisti politikosebi yovel drosa da yvela qveyanaSi arseboben, magram isini aqtiurdebian sazogadoebis ganviTarebis gardamtex etapze. populisti “brbos kerpia”, mis aRfrTovanebasa da udides mxardaWeras iwvevs. populisti moxerxebulad iyenebs saqmis realur viTarebas, an romelime politikuri lideriT masebis ukmayofilebas, spekulirebs romelime ideiT. xSirad amartivebs urTules problemebs da amZafrebs xalxTa ukmayofilebas, saswaulis molodins, TiTqos SesaZlebelia mizanTa swrafi miRweva martivi da umoklesi gziT. dRes yvelaze miRebul da

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gavrcelebul Sexedulebas liderTa tipebis Sesaxeb mis or _ avtoritarul da demokratiul - tipebad dayofa warmoadgens. avtoritaruli lideroba. demokratiuli liderisgan gansxvavebiT, avtoritaruli lideri xelSi iRebs Zalauflebis maqsimums. igi erTpirovnulad imuSavebs da gansazRvravs jgufis moqmedebis strategiasa da taqtikas, adgens gegmebs. mxolod is erTi aris yvela SemTxvevaSi saboloo instancia, uzenaesi msajuli. jgufis yoveli monawilis bedi lideris xelSia. avtoritaruli lideri yvelanairad aviTarebs Tavisi absoluturi Zalauflebis xerxebs da aqtiurad upirispirdeba misi absolutizmis nebismier xelyofas. avtoritaruli lideri xels uwyobs jgufuri struqturis danawevreba_dacalkevebas, rac mas saSualebas aZlevs, akontrolos jgufis wevrebis nebismieri nabiji. demokratiuli lideri, piriqiT, miiswrafvis, jgufis rac SeiZleba meti wevri CarTos koordinirebul saqmianobasa da jgufur mizanTa erTobliv gansazRvraSi. igi erT adamians ki ar akisrebs pasuxismgeblobas, aramed andobs jgufis sxva wevrebsac. Tu avtoritarul liders axasiaTebs diqtatoris niSan_Tvisebebi, maSin demokratiuli lideri SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT, rogorc jgufis ndobiT aRWurvili piri, romelic yvelas saxeliT laparakobs. demokratiul liders sjera xalxis, swams misi Zala, amitom ukeTebs organizebas Tavisi jgufis saqmianobas. jgufSi disciplinisa da wesrigis ganmtkicebisas igi moqmedebs ufro metad darwmunebis, vidre iZulebis wesiT. avtoritaruli lideri Zalauflebismoyvare da agrasiulia. igi aRmerTebs disciplinas, gamoirCeva xelqveiTTa daTrgunvis midrekilebebiT. is ar endoba xalqveiTebs da arc eswrafvis maTTan ormxrivi mudmivikavSir_urTierTobis damyarebas, mxolod gankargulebebis, brZanebebis gacemiTa da maTi Sesrulebis kontroliT Semoifargleba. amgvarad, lideri gamoxatavs socialuri jgufisa Tu mTeli xalxis azrebs, imedebsa da miswrafebebs. erTi mxriv, igi ufro Tavisufalia, vidre misi mimdevrebi, magram amave dros, mTlianad damokidebulia mimdevrebze. is arsebiT rols TamaSobs garemomcveli sinamdvilis CamoyalibebaSi, magram mniSvnelovani xarisxiT TviTonaa am sinamdvilis pirmSo. namdvili lideri, erTi mxriv, akontrolebs da marTavs garemomcvel samyaros, xolo meore mxriv, TviTonaa am samyaros morCili da msaxuri.

gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. niko berZeniSvili_"politika da sociologia" 2. e. smelzeri_"sociologia"

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daviT afridoniZe.daviT afridoniZe.daviT afridoniZe.daviT afridoniZe. grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti.grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti.grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti.grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti. fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifo marTvis.fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifo marTvis.fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifo marTvis.fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifo marTvis. specialoba: samarTalmcodneoba.specialoba: samarTalmcodneoba.specialoba: samarTalmcodneoba.specialoba: samarTalmcodneoba.

"lideri istoriul saqarTveloSi""lideri istoriul saqarTveloSi""lideri istoriul saqarTveloSi""lideri istoriul saqarTveloSi" lideris fenomeni adamianTa Tu cxovelTa yvela saxeobis jgufisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, rac albaT, bunebis kanonzomierebaa. kacobriobis ganviTarebis udables safexurze pirvelyofili Temuri wyobilebis drosac ki, roca adamianTa arsebobis istoriaSi yvelaze Tanaswori Tanacxovreba iyo arsebobdnen pirvelni TanasworTa Soris anu liderebi. es iyo beladi, uxucesi Tu sxva. lideri is pirovneba, romelsac gaaCnia ambiciac da unaric marTos da daakmayofilos socialuri jgufi da SeZlebisdagvarad, amisaTvis mas uwevs adamianis TiTqmis yvela SesaZlebloba gamoiyenos Tavisi pirvelobis SesanarCuneblad. liderebi qmnian epoqebs da epoqebi qmnian maT. ra Tqma unda, saqarTvelomac gaiara ganviTarebis safexurebi sxva sazogadoebebTan msgavsebiT Tu sakuTari TviTmyofadobiT. aq ganvixilav mxolod im qarTvel liderTa mcire nawilis moRvaweobas, romelTac gadamwyveti roli iTamaSes saqarTvelos istoriaSi da epoqaluri mniSvnelobis Rvawli miuZRviT qarTuli sazogadoebisadmi. farnavaz mefe.farnavaz mefe.farnavaz mefe.farnavaz mefe. SeiZleba iTqvas rom farnavazi qarTul xalxur cnobierebasa da saistorio wyaroebSi pirvel liderad gvevlineba, romelmac gardamtexi roli Seasrula qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis istoriaSi qr. mde IV-III saukuneebSi. saerTod unda iTqvas rom saqarTvelos istoria umetesad mefe liderTa istoriaa. strabonis aRwerilobidan Cans, rom aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gamoiyofoda wre romelic irCevda sakuTar mefes. wre romelic liders irCevda unda vigulisxmoT im socialur erTeulad, romelic mefis naTesaobas warmoadgenda. mefed imas svamdnen, vinc sagvareuloSi winandeli mefis yvelaze axlobeli iyo wlovanebiT. maSasadame mefis xelisufleba ar SeiZleba, rom mamidan ufros Svils gadascemoda. amgvarad mefis xelisuflebis wesi iberiaSi pirdapir memkvidreobaze ki ara uxucesobis kanonze yofila damyarebuli. l.mrovelis sityviT iberiis samefos saWeTmpyrobels, "mcxeTis mamasaxlisi" unda hrqmeoda da TiTqos es unda yofilifo misi sxvebisgan gamarCeveli wodeba. am yvelafris fonze kargad Cans Tu ra didi lideri iyo farnavazi. amis Tqmis uflebas gvaZlevs is rom realurad misi gamefeba iyo im droindeli tradiciis uaryofa, radgan is 27 wlis asakSi gamefda. es ki uxucesobis principis aSkara darRvevaa.

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farnavazs aRmoaCnda arnaxuli organizatorisa da samxedro saqmis niWi. patara asakis miuxedavad mas SeeZlo sakuTari gavlenis qveS hyoloda adamianebi. es ki mxolod liderTa xvedria. farnavazis mier azos damarcxeba iyo warmoudgeneli ram, rac yvela mokvdavs ar SeeZlo. mefobis erT-erTi pretendenti quji eubneba farnavazs: "Sena xar Svili TavTa mas qarTlisa da Sen gmarTebs ufloba Cemi". am sityvebidan kargad Cans Tu ramxela avtoriteti hqonda mas, imitom rom mefobis pretendenti mas ase aSkarad arafers dauTmobda. bunebrivia quji marto imitom rom farnavazi mcxeTis mamasaxlisis STamomavali iyo mas mTel qveyanas ar miscemda. "maSin farnavaz uSiS iqmna yovelTa mterTa TvisTagan da mefe iqmna yovelsa qarTlsa da egursa zeda da ganamravlna yovelni mxedarni qarTlosianni, ganawesa erisTavni rvani da spaspeti". farnavazma TanamebrZolni ki ar moicila, aramed Tanadgoma daufasa da erisTavoba mianiWa, es ki demokratiuli lideris damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa da yvelas gvaocebs amitomac es yvelaferi xom TiTqmis 24 saukunis winaT xdeboda. gasaocarma alRom da sakuTar Tavze yvelafris aRebis unarma farnavazs erTpirovnuli lideroba garantirebuli gauxada. man 92 wlis asakamde imefa. farnavazi Tavis pozicias sul ufro da ufro amyarebda. amaze metyvelebs Tundac is rom, "aman farnavaz Seqmna kerpi didi saxelsa zeda Tvissa: ,,ese ars armazi da farnavazs sparsulad armazi erqua". aqedan gamomdinare Cans rom iberiis mefe kargad grZnobs Tu ra aris saWiro sakuTari liderobis xazgasmisTvis_es ra Tqma unda, religiaa. dRevandeli gadmosaxedidan farnavazi avtoritarul liderad gvevlineba, romelmac pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT Tavi gaaRmerTa. am movlenaze iberiis mosaxleobas protesti ar gamouTqvams (yovel SemTxvevaSi istorias ar Semounaxavs amgvari faqti) rac farnavazis udavo pirvelobaze metyvelebs da xazs usvams mis marTlac da did potencials qarizmisas. Tumca es garkveulad, albaT, istoriulma periodmac ganapiroba. farnavaz mefes saistorio tradicia anbanis Seqmnasac miawers. es kidev erTi dadasturebaa Tu ramxela ram aiRo Tavis Tavze farnavazma, rac mxolod rCeulTa xvedria. istoriis mixedviT am dros qarTvelur tomebs hqondaT saerTo qarTveluri enobrivi Ziri, romelsac saxelmwifo enis funqcia eniWeboda: "da arRara iZraxeboda sxva ena qarTlsa Sina Tvinier qarTulisa". ase rom farnavazs hqonda im droisTvis da aramarto im droisTvis damaxasiaTebeli lideris Tvisebebi romlis realizacia moaxdina qveynis sasikeTod da praqtikulad safuZveli Cauyara qarTul saxelmwifoebriobasa da TviTmyofadobas. daviT IV aRmaSenebeli.daviT IV aRmaSenebeli.daviT IV aRmaSenebeli.daviT IV aRmaSenebeli.

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saqarTvelos udidesi xelmwife(1089-1125), ubrwyinvalesi mxedarmTavari, mravalmxrivi reformatori da organizatori, uganaTlebulesi mwignobari da poeti. es aris arasruli CamonaTvali im yvelafrisa rasac saboolod erT did niWamde mivyavarT_es aris udidesi niWi liderobisa. daviTi gamefda mamis sicocxleSive, rac garkveul eWvs badebs saxelmwifo gadatrialebis Sesaxeb. Tu marTlac moaxdina 16 wlis daviTma gadatrialeba es kidev ufro miuTiTebs mis ududes oganizatorul niWze rac mxolod liderebs aqvT (Tumca isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT rom mas, ra Tqma unda, uZlieresi zurgi eyoleboda. sxvagvarad warmoudgeneli da afsurdia). daviTma saqarTvelo Caibara katastroful mdgomareobaSi. Turq-selCukebisgan miwasTan gasworebuli, feodalurad daqucmacebuli da dakninebuli. ,,amieriTgan iwyes niavTa cxovrebisaTa mobervad da RrubelTa macxovrebisaTa aRmofxvrobad, vinaTgan aTormet wel amaT saxeTa WirTa gangrZobiTa bnelsa ukunsa Sina iwyo aRmociskrebad mzeman yovelTa mefobaTaman, didman saxeliTa da udidesma saqmiTa, saxel-modgmaman, daviT, RmerTisa mamisaman, da TvT sameocdameaTermeteman Svilman amis daviTisman, daviR"... amgvarad aRgviwers daviT aRmaSeneblis gamefebas misi istorikosi. mefem qarTveli patriotebisgan Seadgina sakuTari jari-gvardia(mona-spa) da daiwyo brZola TurqTa gasadevnad. gaanadgura uZlieresi kldekaris erisTavebi liparit da rati ivanes Ze, aseve Zagan erisTavi. reformatuli niWi marTlac uxvad aRmoaCnda daviTs. is swored im dros moRvaweobda roca mxolod reforma ixsnida qveyanas gasaWiridan. udidesi politikuri Tu moraluri mniSvneloba mieniWa ruis-urbnisis krebas, sadac xazi gaesva mefis uzenaesobas da aRikveTa yovelgvari "uRirsi saqmeni". Tanamdebobebze ganawesa ara warmomavlobiT aramed TavianTi saqmeTa mixedviT, rac marTlac warmoudgeneli iyo radgan is ar moeqca sxvaTa zegavlenis qveS, es ki mxold Seupovar liderTa xvedria. daviTi iyo mefe "afxazTa, qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa da somexTa, SarvanSah da SahinSah da yovlisa aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTisa TviTmpyrobelobiT mpyrobeli". misi, rogorc winamZRolis Tu lideris funqcia aramarto saqarTveloSi, aramed mis sazRvrebs miRmac metad mniSvnelovani iyo. daviTi pirovnuladac lideri iyo da ar surda bizantiuri titulebis tareba. is iyo pirveli vinc am titulze uari Tqva. daviT aRmaSenebeli "mesiis maxvilad" iwodeboda-es ki mis qarizmze metyvelebs. SemorCenili cnobebiT is Tavisi jariT ierusalimis gasaTavisuflebladac ibrZoda, amiT ki mis saxels kidev ufro saqveynod cnobils xdida. daviT aRmaSenebeli Tavisi epoqis progresuli lideri iyo. metad sainteresoa misi ilia WavWavaZiseuli Sefaseba. "daviT aRmaSenebeli sadidebelia Cvengan ara marto saxelovani mefobiTa, aramed Tavisi didbunovani kacobiTac. igi Tavgadadebuli moyvare Tavis eris da marTlmadidebeli sarwmuneobisa, didi pativismcemeli iyo sxvisi erovnebebisac da sarwmuneobisa, amisTana Semwynarebeli sxvisa maSin, roca igi yovladSemZlebel mbrZaneblad Seiqmna sxvadasxva Teslis da sxvadasxva sarwmuneobis erisa im droSi, roca kaci kacs SesaWmeladac ar hzogavda, amisTana kacTmoyvaruli pativiscema sxvisi erovnebisa, sxvisi sarwmuneobisa

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nuTu sakvirveli da saocari magaliTi ar aris meTormete saukunis kacisagan". swored am saocari pirovnuli TvisebebiT iyo gamowveuli daviTis liderobis Seuryeveli pozicia. qarTulma marTlmadidebelma eklesiam daviT aRmaSenebeli wmindanad aRiara da misi mosaxsenebel dRed 26 ianvari daawesa. istorikosebi daviTis aseT warmatebas istoriul periods ukavSireben. saerTaSoriso viTareba qarTvelis sasikeTod iyo, Tumca rom ara daviTis udidesi niWi da potenciali liderobisa araferi gamovidoda. daviTi udidesia udidesTa Soris. man mTeli epoqa Seqmna. Tamar mefeTamar mefeTamar mefeTamar mefe Tamar mefe asuli giorgi III - isa, saqarTvelos udidesi xelmwife 1178(84)-1210ww. ganqmuli legendaruli simSvenieriT uzenaesi sibrZniTa da uspetakesi zneobiT. giorgi III-m orbelTa ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg Seasrula feodaluri saqarTvelosTvis uprecendento aqti _ saqarTvelos taxtze aiyvana Tavisi qali _ Tamari. ,,ganrCeviTa da gamorCeviTa, gangebiTa da gagonebiTa zenisa mis xvedrisa SaravandedTa mnebelisaTa mefe hyo Tamar, TanadgomiTa yovelTa patriarqTa da episkoposTa, didebulTa imierTa da amierTa, vazirTa da spasalarTa”. pirvelad hyavda saqarTevlos qali lideri, amis gamo feodalebisaTvis miuRebeli iqneboda Tamaris gamefeba da swored amitom giorgi mesamem Tavisive sicocxleSi gaamefa Tamari. SoTa rusTaveli qalis gamefebas amarTlebs am sityvebiT ,,lekvi lomisa sworia, Zu iyos Tunda xvadia”. Tamars Tavisi gonierebiT da lideris xasiaTiT adreve miuqcevia TanamedroveTa yuradReba. xazgasmiT aRuniSnavT Tanamedroveebs, rom Tamari, mcire asakis miuxedavad, gamoirCeoda ,,gonebiTa ara yrmebriviTa, aramed mecnieriTa, cnobieriTa, gonieriTa da SuenieriTa”. amitom iyo rom orbelTa amboxebis CaxSobis Semdeg giorgi III-m Tamari TanammarTvelad gaixada. giorgi III gardacvalebis Semdeg didgvarovnebma Tamaris xelaxla kurTxeva moindomes maTi upiratesobis ganmtkicebisTvis. Tamari am SemTxvevaSi daTmobaze wavida. Tamaris winaaRmdeg gamovida yuTlu-arslanis dasi, romelic sakanonmdeblo organo ,,karavis” Seqmnas da mefisaTvis mxolod aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis datovebas moiTxovda. Tamarma es winaaRmdegoba dasZlia da amis Semdgom axalgazrda mefe _ qalma mtkiced mohkida xeli saxelmwifos marTva _ gamgeobas. misi, rogorc qveynis lideris mizani iyo Seeqmna Zlieri fodaluri monarqia. Tamari mtkice nebisyofiT, maRali politikuri niWiTa da Sorsgamiznuli diplomatiuri gamWriaxobiT iyo dajildoebuli, rac aSkaraa rom liderisaTvis saukeTeso Tvisebebia. Tamarma mniSvnelovani politikuri xasiaTis gadawyvetilebebi miiRo. misi brZanebiT mwignobarTuxucesi Wyondidelisa da vaziris Tanamdeboba gaaerTiana da sasuliero pirebi da saydrebi aRavso SesawiraviTa gaaTavisufla eklesiebi yovelgvari xarjiTa da begrisagan, riTac maTi mxardaWera moipova da pozicia gaimagra. Tamari iyo wamomwyebi da uSualo monawile saxelmwifos yoveli ,,didi da mcire” saqmisa da ganzraxvisa. samxedro

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eqspediciebsac zogjer piradad miuZRoda, rogorc mxedarTmTavari an da Cvevad hqonda: galaSqrebis win jars dalocavda, mTavarsardals saxelmwifo droSas Caabarebda da laSqars erTxans fexSiSvela gauZRveboda brZolis velisaken, mobrundeboda da locvad dadgeboda, laSqris mSvidobiT da Zlevamosilad dabrunebamde. mefe Tamari gansakuTerbiT elvarebiT Cans saqarTvelos istoriaSi. progresulad moazrovne qarTvelma sazogadoebam gadaWra Sua saukuneebisaTvis metad rTuli da mniSvnelovani sakiTxi _ qalis xelisuflebis problema. samefo taxtze aiyvanes qali, rogorc qveynisa da saxelmwifos sruluflebiani saWeTmpyobeli da mefeT-mefe Tamaris naTelma pirovnebam, misma Zlevamosilma mefobam, windaxedulma politikam da gamWriaxobam, TanamedroveTa azriT, didad Seuwyo xeli saqarTvelos politikur da kulturul ayvavebas. yovelive amis gamo xalxma xotba Seasxa Tavis saTayvanebel dedofals. `afxazTa da qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa da somexTa mefe da dedofali, SarvanSa da SahanSa da yovlisa aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTisa TviTmflobeli~ _ AAase iwodeboda sruliad saqarTvelos mefe, Tamari, romelmac Tavisi zeobis periodSi, aqtiuri saSinao da sagareo politikis gatarebiT, qmediTi saxelmwifoebrivi RonisZiebebiT, ganagrZo is magistraluri gza qveynis ganviTareba _ aRmavlobisa, romelsac ase warmatebiT Cauyara safuZveli daviT aRmaSenebelma. mis warmatebul liderobaze miuTiTebs is faqti, rom masze uamravi legenda Seiqmna, romelTa mixedviTac Tamari msoflios mpyrobelia. saingiloSi arsebobs Tqmuleba saqarTvelos mefe _ qalis mier ispahanis, stambolisa da sxva qalaqebis mis moxarked gaxdis Sesaxeb. mesxuri gadmocemiT, mefe Tamaris SiSiT TaTrebi Zalzed iyvnen Sewuxebulni. imereTSi Cawerili legendis Sesabamisad, Tamaris SiSiT xonTqari da Sahi Zrwodnen. bunebrivia, es gadmocemebi Tamar mefis Zlevamosili brZolebis da gamarjvebis Semdeg iqmneboda. mefe Tamari Tavisi cxovrebiTa da SemoqmedebiT progresis Semoqmedi da misi matarebeli iyo. igi, miuxedavad simtkice _ TviTmyrobelobisa, lmobieri da mSvidobiani lideri iyo. mefe Tamari miuxedavad feodalTa ara erTi winaaRmdegobisa axerxebs maTze samefo xelisuflebis realuri upiratesobis SenarCunebas, risTvisac aSkaraa saWiro erTpirovnuli lideris politika. is mTlianad emsaxureboda saxelmwifos siZlierisa da misi xelisuflebis centralizaciis saqmes. istoria iqmneba sworad im liderTa moqmedebisagan, romlebic WeSmariti moRvaweni arian. mefe Tamari msoflio WeSmarit moRvaweTa Sorisaa. amdenad, igi im liderTa ricxvs ekuTvnis, romlebic realurad qmnidnen istorias. Tamaris moRvaweobam saqarTvelos udidesi warmateba moutana da igi mtkiced daamkvidra wina aziis da maxlobeli aRmosavleTis uZlieres qveyanaTa ricxvSi. qarTvelma xalxma, qarTulma marTlmadidebelma eklesiam Tamari wmindanad Seracxa, ,,dedofali dedofalTa, mSveneba qveynisa da sarwmunoebisa ... mesiis Tayvanismcemeli”. feodalur saqarTvelos istoriaSi mxolod mefeebi ar gvevlinebian liderebad. mefeebisaTvis lideroba xom isedac Tanmdevi movlenaa, es maT pasuxismgeblobas da valdebulebas warmoadgens. swored amitom

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ufro metad dasafasebelia iseTi pirebis lideroba, romelic TavianTi moRvaweobis Sedegad miaRwies pirvelobas. giorgi saakaZegiorgi saakaZegiorgi saakaZegiorgi saakaZe gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia qarTul istoriul sinamdvileSi giorgi saakaZis fenomeni. giorgi saakaZe da misi winaprebi samefo aznaurebi iyvnen. giorgi sauSis Ze saakaZe daibada 1570 wels. mas, rogorc maRali samoxeleo aristokratiis ojaxis Svils, im dros Sesaferisi ganaTleba unda mieRo. saakaZem icoda sparsuli da Turquli enebi gamoirCeoda samxedro saqmis didi codniTa da gansakuTrebuli niWiT, ramac ganapiroba giorgi saakaZis mZlavri lideroba. saakaZis Tanamedrove italieli misioneri kasteli, romelmac giorgis portreti daxata, werda: ,,didi mouravi, sardali saqarTvelos mxedrobisa, kaci warCinebuli, didad SemZle da yovelTa umamacesi, mravali sasaxelo saqme moaxdina iberiis samefoSi sparsTa mefis winaaRmdeg brZolis dros”. saakaZe luarsabis gamefebisTanave misi uaxloesi TanamSromeli da mrCeveli Seiqna. male igi Tbilisis mouravad, anu amirT-amirad daniSna mefem. is Tbilisis mouravi samefo sabWos wevri da mefesTan axlomdgomi didi moxele iyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom mouravze ufro didi moxeleebi sxvebi iyvnen saakaZe Tavidanve did gavlenas axdenda saxelmwifo saqmeebze. es iyo Sedegi saakaZis piradi niWisa, unarisa da lideris sulisa, romelic ufro farTo sarbiels moiTxovda. misi azriT, saWiro iyo centraluri xelisuflebis ganmtkiceba da Tavadebis alagvma, Sinafeodaluri omebis aRkveTa, glexobis normaluri pirobebSi Cayeneba, raTa qveyanas ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da Tavdacvis saSualeba hqonda. saakaZe mfarvelobda da awinaurebda ,,dabal kacs”, ,,aravis sWirda greloba”, xels uwyobda gabneuli glexobis Tavis samkvidroze mobrunabas da sxva. saakaZem Tavisi moRvaweobiT daCrdila mefe, qarTlis centraluri xelisuflebis ganmtkicebisaTvis brZola mTeli saqarTvelos gaerTianebisaTvis brZolis winamZRoli iyo. am ideis yvelaze realuri ganmxorcielebeli ara mefe, aramed giorgi saakaZe iyo. saakaZis uSualo TanamSromelni wvrili aznaurebi da glexebi iyvnen, romelTa marTvasac saakaZe advilad SeZlebda. saakaZe am Zalaze dayrdnobiT apirebda did feodalTa alagmvas da saqarTvelos gaerTianebas. es iyo saqarTvelos gaerTianebis aznauruli idea. Tavadebs ki saqarTvelos gaerTianeba mefe-mTavarTa kavSirad hqondaT warmodgenili. Tavadebisa da saakaZis gegmebi erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego iyo. swored es gaxda umTavresi mizezi Tavadebis saakaZesTan mtrobisa, romlis gamo is iZulebuli gaxda orjer gadaxvewiliyo samSoblodan saakaZis momxreebi did feodalTa wreSic moiZebneboda. maT qarTul wyaroebSi saakaZis ,,mokidebulni kacni” ewodebodaT. saakaZis dis gadedoflebam da mouravis gandidebam misi mowinaaRmdege TavadTa jgufis moTminebis fiala sabolood aavso ,,maSin, _ mogviTxrobs beri egnataSvili, _ TavadTa da didebulTa qarTlisaTa da romelic ara iyo mouravis moyuare iwyines da dauwyes bezRoba mouravs...“. saakaZes misi mtrebi mefis Ralats abralebdnen. luarsabisagan dedoflis ganSorebasa da saakaZis mokvlis dasturs

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iTxovdnen. luarsabi didxans ar Tanxmdeboda, magram susti nebisyofis mefe muqaris zegavleniT Tavadebis survils dahyva. gadawyda: dedoflis ganSoreba da saakaZis sikvdili. mouravi iZulebuli gaxda samSoblodan gadaxvewiliyo. igi iranSi gaiqca da Tavi Sah-abass Seafara. giorgi saakaZes miuZRvis didi wvrili imaSi, rom saqarTvelo gadaurCa sruliad ganadgurebas Sah-abasis mier da man Tavisi miznisTvis Svilis sicocxlec ar daiSura, ,,sulZaRlo TaTrebo, Tqven erTi Svili momikaliT, magram yvela qarTveli meomari xom Cemi erTguli Svilia! erTi Svilis Sewirvam mravali Svili SemZina”. giorgi saakaZe didxans gaurboda ZmaTa Soris sisxlis Rvras, magram samwuxarod es ase ar moxda da misi damarcxebiT dasrulda bazaleTis brZolaSi. es qarTveli xalxis tragedia iyo ara imitom, rom iq moZmeTa sisxli daiRvara, aramed imitomac, rom CaiSala is didi saqme, romelsac saakaZem Tavisi uzarmazari energia Sealia da uromlisodac saqarTvelos ganTavisufleba_gaZliereba SeuZlebeli iyo. ucxoobaSi daiRupa didi mouravi, ubadlo lideri giorgi saakaZe,E romelmac sakuTari da Tavisi Svilebis sicocxle qarTveli xalxis TavisuflebisaTvis brZolas Seswira. giorgi saakaZe iyo didi qarTveli erovnuli gmiri, Seupovari meomari, moRvawe, bumberazi da Zlevamosili vaJkaci, yvela drois erT-erTi uniWieresi sardali, romelmac maSriy-maRrivis qveynebSi simamaciT saswaulebi moaxdina, warmatebuli lideri tragikuli bediT, rTuli istoriuli pirovneba, romlis pirovnebisa da Rvawlis garSemo dava dResac grZeldeba, magram yvelafris miuxedavad kaci, romelmac aznaurobidan Tavisi lideruli suliskveTebiT mefuri dideba moipova. zviad gamsaxurdia da merab kostava.zviad gamsaxurdia da merab kostava.zviad gamsaxurdia da merab kostava.zviad gamsaxurdia da merab kostava. ganuyofelia es ori saxeli da erTad dawerili Zmobas da erTgulebas niSnavs da gvaswavlis, rom Tavisuflebisaken mimaval gzaze mTavari Zala ara erTpirovnuli lideroba, aramed urTierTerTgulebaa. saqarTvelos TavisuflebisTvis Sewiruli raindebi gamorCeuli xedvis, gamorCeuli rwmenis, gamorCeuli bedis qarTveli liderebi. ,,Ze qariSxlisa”_ase uwodebda megobars zviadi, ara da Tavadac qariSxaliviT iyo, mousvenari, uSiSari, Seudrekeli... zviads da merabs bavSvobidanve SestkiodaT guli samSoblos daCagrul eris bedze da swored am periodidan Seebnen ,,did urCxuls”, Tamamad isini xom konstantine gamsaxurdias erovnul idealebze aRizardnen. isini samSoblos siyvarulisTvis 17 wlis asakSi daapatimres, magram aman maTSi ar Cakla erovnuli suli, piriqiT ufro metad gaacxovela da darwmundnen, rom ers sWirdeboda lideri, romelic Seudrekelad waruZRveboda. Tavisuflebis Rirseul da eklian gzaze. swored zviadi da merabi gaxdnen CvenSi gaRviZebuli erovnuli moZraobis winamZRvrebi. riT iyo maTi Rvawli gamorCeuli? upirveles yovlisa imiT, rom isini eris patriotebi iyvene maSinac, roca am, da sapatio tvirTis zidva udides riskTan, sicocxlis daTmobis safrTxesTan iyo dakavSirebuli.

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Tu ram ebadaT, mamuls Seswires, saqarTvelo iyo maTi fiqri da ocneba, rwmenisa da ideis erTgulebiT ganvles maT sicocxle, amitomac sjeroda qarTvel ers maTi sityvebis da moZRvrebad ricxavdnen maT. yoveli didi Svili ukvdavia Tavis erisTvis, magram sul sxva ukvdaveba daimkvidres merabma da zviadma iSviaTs rgebia sicocxleSive is didi siyvaruli, krZalva da ndoba rac erovnuli moZraobis am liderT ergoT. liderebs, romelTac saqarTvelos erovnul gamoRviZebaSi, konsolidaciis saqmeSi Seucvleli roli iTamaSes. maTi brZola ,,sabWoTa urCxulis” winaaRmdeg ar iyo imediani, magram devizi, albaT, iyo ,,cudad xom ar Caivlis es ganwiruli suliskveTeba”... dautyvevebeli sulis lideri merab kostava arasodes dabneula iaffasiani taSiT, ar moxiblula sakuTari TaviT, ideebiT arasodes ar uvaWria, ideebiT ibrZoda mxolod. sulis kivilamde awvalebda gaTiTokacebuli qveynis satkivari da eris gaerTkacebaze ocnebobda. masSi suli da sxeuli erTnairad xmaurobda, erTgvari erovnuli temperamentiT da misi xasiaTis mTlianobaSi ikveTeboda, dadioda mudam amayi, mudam SemarTuli, mudam Tavaweuli, mudam marTali, raRac ucnauri, raRac mousvenari, raRac martvili da sakuTari satanjveli ar hyofnida golgoTis gzaze, Semdgar mesaWes arc krizisi acdenia, arc katastrofa, arc ngreva, arc uaryofa, arc gafrena... zviad gamsaxurdias hqonda raRac saocari unari liderobisa. misi sityva iyo madliani, damuxtuli, qariSxliani, imediani, ityoda da rwmeniT aavsebda msmenels, samSoblos ki ar Seaxsenebda, Sig gulSi moartyamda siyvarulis ,,tyvias”. yovel kacSi gadamalul naperwklebs mokrebda da Tavisi didi winapris da idealis wminda ilia marTaliviT erT did cecxlad Sekrebda Tavisuflebis saxeliT. mas endobodnen, sjerodaT, swamdaT! iyo lideri oRond meocnebe, tyviebis pirispir yvavilebis moimede! ver daejerebina, qarTvels, saqarTevlos saxeliT misTvis, pirveli erovnuli prezidentisaTvis tyvia ratom unda esrola! Tavad saocrad mimtevebeli iyo, Rrmad qristiani: ,,xom davrCiT mainc Cven orni mkrTalni raindi mwuxare saxis” _werda, raRac gavda kidec don kixots am maradiul liders sikeTisas!.. ase rom, kargad Cans am liderTa biografiuli portretebisgan, Tu raoden gadamwyvet da mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben "pirvelebi" istoriis SeqmnaSi. isini qmnidnen epoqebs, marTavdnen sazogadoebas da cdilobdnen emarTaT dro, rac metnaklebad gamosdiodaT. ra Tqma unda, saqarTvelos dRevandelobamde, avad Tu kargad, moRwevaSi didi roli qarTveli eris brZolisunarianobam iTamaSa, magram am daJinebul brZolas rom ar hyoloda sworad warmarTveli lideri yovelive mcdeloba fuWi iqneboda. liderebi rom ar arsebobdnen sazogadoebaSi, albaT, sazogadoeba im `cxvris faras~ daemsgavseboda, romelsac win `yoCi~ ar miuZRvis da ufskrulSi gadasaCexad aris ganwiruli. sabednierod, saqarTvelos

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yovelTvis gamouCdeboda iseTi lideri, romelic warmatebas Tu ar mogvitanda gadarCenis gzaze mainc dagvayenebda... gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. iv. javaxiSvili _ ,,Txzulebani Tormet tomad” I;III; IV tomi. 2. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi _ III; IV tomi. 3. roin metreveli _ ,,daviT aRmaSenebeli”. 4. roin metreveli _ ,,Tamar mefe”. 5. ,,ubis istoria” I; II tomi _ levan sanikiZe; gubaz sanikiZe;

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besik qoCiaSvilibesik qoCiaSvilibesik qoCiaSvilibesik qoCiaSvili.... saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti.saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti.saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti.saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti. fakulteti: humanitarulfakulteti: humanitarulfakulteti: humanitarulfakulteti: humanitarul----teqnikuri.teqnikuri.teqnikuri.teqnikuri. specialoba: saxelspecialoba: saxelspecialoba: saxelspecialoba: saxelmwifos marTvis moxelemwifos marTvis moxelemwifos marTvis moxelemwifos marTvis moxele.... ““““liderisliderisliderislideris fenomenifenomenifenomenifenomeni kriminalurkriminalurkriminalurkriminalur samyaroSisamyaroSisamyaroSisamyaroSi" " " " (kanonieri qurdebisa da avtoritetebis instituti)(kanonieri qurdebisa da avtoritetebis instituti)(kanonieri qurdebisa da avtoritetebis instituti)(kanonieri qurdebisa da avtoritetebis instituti) danaSaulebrivi samyaros ZiriTad birTvs da warmmarTvel Zalas, da am samyaroSi mTavar adgils, ,,kanonieri qurdebi” iWeren. maTi socialur-fsiqoloiguri xasiaTebi imaze, metyveleben, rom msoflio kriminalur praqtikaSi am damnaSaveebs analogi ar gaaCniaT. maTi TvalsazrisiT, isini sakmaod argumentirebulia, amarTleben TavianT kanonsawina- aRmdego da antisocialur wesrigs da cxovrebis arss. damnaSaveTa samyaros avtoriteti, kanonieri qurdis wodebis miRebisas kriminalur profesionalizmTan erTad iZens saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebis sawinaaRmdego gamocdilebasac. danaSaulebrivi samyaro, arc dRisiT da arc RamiT ar wyvets Tavis moRvaweobas. am saqmes ki damnaSaveTa elita, kanonieri qurdebi warmarTaven. kanonieri qurdis institutis warmoSobis ramodenime legenda arsebobs da maT Soris erTis mixedviT kanonieri qurdis instituti kavkasiuri, kerZod ki qarTuli warmoSobisaa. Zalze sainteresoa aRniSnuli elitis cxovrebis peripetiebi, misi idumali samyaro, romelic dRemde, ase Tu ise, dafaruli iyo ubralo mokvdavTaTvis. CvenTvis cnobilia imaTi saxelebi, romelTac cxovrebisa Tu siymawvilis umetesi nawili kanongareSe, cixeebsa Tu mkacri reJimis koloniebSi gaatares, romlebic samarTeblis pirze dadian mudam da nemsebze sxedan. bevri maTgani ukve cocxali aRar aris, bevri qurdul garCevebs Seewira, bevric samarTaldamcav organoebTan brZolaSi daiRupa an narkotikebis Warbi doziT ,,kaifSi” gaipara. qurduli sazogadoeba SemTxveviT ar movlenila. igi TiTqos cidan TovliviT ar Camocvenila, mas istoriuli fesvebi gaaCnia. mefis ruseTis droindel damnaSaveTa samyaroSi yovelTvis arsebobda organizebuli kriminaluri fena, romelTagan ufro metad organizebul nawils sxvadasxva donisa da gaqanebis qurdebi warmoadgendnen. profesionali damnaSveni an Riad agrZelebdnen kriminalur saqmianobas, an keTilSobili adamianis imijs efarebodnen da aralegalurni xdebodnen, an kidev sabWoTa xelisuflebis mxareze gadadiodnen. zogni ki emigraciaSi wavidnen d warmatebiT Seerwynen iqaur pirobebs. mkacrma obieqturma pirobebma iZulebuli gaxada ruseTSi darCenili profesionaluri damnaSaveni, rom gaerTianebuliyvnen mkacr, aralegalur korporaciebad da CamoeyalibebinaT TavianTi misaRebi wesebi da kanonebi, tradiciebi. damnaSaveTa samayaroSi arsebobs mosazreba, rom TiTqos termini ,,kanonieri qurdi” 55555 TanamSromelTa mier iyo mogonili, rasac erT-erTi qurdic ki adasturebs: ,,... diax, TviT kanonieri qurdis gageba 55555 moifiqres“. qurdul JargonSi marTalia qurdi profesionals niSnavs rogorc Semowmebebma gviCvena, ,,kanonieri qurdebi”, maTi uaxloesi wre, yovelTvis TavisTavze maRla idgnen, quxdnen TavianTi ,,gmirobiT”. amitomac, maTi azriT, qurdi, romelic damnaSaveTa samyaros wesebs, kanonebsa d tradiciebs icavs, aucileblad ,,marTali” samarTliani adamiani unda iyos.

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Tavdapirvelad qurdebis ,,avtoriteti” mxolod mavrTulxlarTebis SigniT vrceldeboda, magram Semdeg berias cnobili masStaburi aministia gamovida da yvela punqtiT reabilitirebuli qurdebi niaRvariviT Seeria Cveulebriv civilur cxovrebaSi. nawilobriv maTi umravlesoba armiaSic ki gaiwvies. erT-erTi versiiT, swored am ,,axalwveulebma” danerges areul cxvorebaSi danaSaulebrivi Cveulebani, saTave daudes ,,dedovCins”. sapatimroTa derefnebSi aseTi legendac dadioda: ,,TiTqos da qurdul moZraobas gadamwyveti mxaradaWera 50-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos kompartiis xelmZRvanelobam aRmouCina. saqarTevlos ck-m qurdebis jgufs winadadeba misca, gamxdariyvnen Taviseburi saxis ormagi agentebi. mxareebma xels dahkres da partiis saukeTeso ,,gonebani” saidumlo saqmeebs Causxdnen. didi survili gvaqvs, davijeroT, rom zustad TviTswavlulma filosofosebma, fsiqologebma, ekonomistebma da ara cixeebiT, da gadasaxlebebiT gatanjulma qurdebma da damnaSaveebma moifiqres dauwereli qurduli kanonebi _ gageba, ,,sindisis kodeqsi”, tradiciebi, _ romelnic cnobili qurduli ideologiis safuZvels warmoadgendnen. legendis samarTlianobaze metyvelebs da mtkicebad gamodgeba naxevarsaukunovani istoriiT damowmebuli faqtebi: ,,kanonieri qurdebi”-s yvelaze Zlieri da mravalricxovani frTa ucilod saqarTvelodan gamosulebma Camoayalibes. qurdis wodebas aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi, Tavis gamoCeniTa da sxva gamocdilebiT aRwevdnen. mas ekrZaleboda Sromis wignakiTa da armiaSi samsaxuriT biografiis ,,gafuWeba”. qurds ar hqonda piradi sakuTrebis ufleba. patimrobaTa Soris mas SeeZlo ,,blatnoebsa” da ,,malinebs” Soris ejaxira da eCaliCa. naTesavebi cxovrebidan gamoiricxeboda, unda daeviwyebinaT mSoblebic, sakuTar ojaxze ki,colze da Svilebze saerTod ar unda efiqraT. 90-ian wlebamde wodeba specifikur upiratesobas aniWebda maT. maTi umetesoba zonebSi moqmedebda. zonaSi kanonieri qurdis misvlas administraciaze adre TviT iq msxdomni igebdnen. da gansakuTrebiT emzadebodnen mis misaRebad. gamouyofdnen saukeTeso sawols, personalur tumbos (sxva patimrebze orze erTi iyo gankuTvnili). sawarmoo (samuSao) normas adgilobriv mowinaveTa Soris winaswar anawilebdnen, adgendnen momsaxurebis jgufebs: sawolis amlagebeli, meqise, dalaqi, magram risi uflebac qurds hqonda _ esaa, zomebis mixedviT aerCia saxelmwifo ,,robu”, danarCenze patimrebi sxvadasxva saSualebebiT TviTonve ewyobodnen. qurduli idea Zalian mimzidveli iyo axalgazrdbisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT mcirewlovanTaTvis. isini yurebdacqvetilni da gafacicebuli usmendnen sapatimroebidan dabrunebuli qurdebis naambobs da surdaT maTi mibaZva. ,,kanonieri qurdebi” aseT publikaSi ufro didi pativiscemiT sargeblobdbnen, vidre TavianT saZmoebSi da maTi aseTi romantikuli cxovreba bevr norCs izidavda. biWebi, romlebic maT usmendnen, ocnebeSi Tavs maT adgilas warmoidgendnen da saZmoebis aqtiuri wevrebi xdebodnen. Tavidan maT Zalian kargad epyrobodnen: _ waiyvandnen restornebSi, acnobdnen ,,prastitutkebs”, (rogorc aseT dros ityvian avaJkacebdnen). Semdeg ki es ,,keTilmomsaxureba” samagieroTi unda gadaexadaT. xSirad axalgazrdebs avaldebulebdnen TavisTavze aeRoT is danaSauli, rac cnobilma kanonierebma Caidines. sanam eseni sasjels moixdidnen, maT nacvlad axlebi Cndebodnen.

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,,koronovanie” (monaTvla), - esaa ,,kanonieri qurdebi–s~ gaerTianebaSi damnaSavis miRebis formaluri procedura, romelic mas qurdul uflebamosilebas aniWebs. monaTvlas, rogorc wesi, sul mcire ori kanonieri qurdi unda daeswros, romelic miukerZoebel saubarSi gansjian kandidatis kriminalur gzas, damsaxurebebs, gaixseneben, Tu riTaa cnobili damnaSaveTa samyaroSi; rwmundebian, rom igi qurduli tradiciebis mtkiced damcvelia, SeuZlia sisxlis samarTlis elementebis SekavSireba, sworad da samarTlianad gansjis konfliqtebs, absoluturi avtoritetiT sargeblobs TanamoazreTa Soris da SeuZlia organizeba gaukeTos danaSaulebrivi Semosavlebis wyaroebis miRebas. ganxilvisas arkveven mTavars–iyo Tu ara kandidati urTierTobaSi samarTaldamcav organoebTan da muSaobda Tu ara saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi. Semdeg gadaaWdobdnen majebs da warmoTqvamdnen damnaSaveTa samyarosadmi erTgulebis fics, ris Semdegac axlad-monaTluli kanonieri qurdi miiRebs metsaxels, e.w. ,,kliCkas”. cnobebi ,,naTlobis” Sesaxeb specialauri fostiT igzavneba qveynis mTels teritoriaze. kanonieri qurdi valdebulia icxovros sazogadoebis interesebis gareSe, mis mimarT ar hqondes araviTari valdebulebebi, ar daiWiros socialuri kavSirebi, ar izrunos maTi keTidReobisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. aseTi midgomis gamo qurdi damoukideblad grZnobs Tavs da absoluturi avtoritetiT srgeblobs damnaSaveTa samyaroSi. kanonieri qurdi movalea uari Tqvas imsaxuros saxelmwifosTvis. swored amitom, kanonier qurdebs ufleba ara aqvT iTanamSromlos specsamsaxurebTan_rogorc Tavisi qveynis, ise sazRvargareTis mxriv. Tu gamouval mdgomareobaSi aris da misgan kontaqts moiTxoven, imis mixedviT Tu rogor mdgomareobaSi iqneba igi yovelTvis Tavisi xazi unda gaataros ormagi saxiT da ecados mudam damnaSaveTa samyaros mxare daiWiros. amiT ganisazrvreba kanonieri qurdebis ,,internacionalizmi”. urTerTSoris simarTle da daxmareba kanonieri qurdebis valdebulebaa. am jgufSi yvela Tanasworia. is, vinc am pirobebs “ganawess”, ar icavs mkacr sasjels imsaxurebs. amitom kanonieri qurdebi erTmaneTSi kamaTs da konfliqts eridebian, cdiloben TanamoazreTa Soris avtoriteti ar gaifuWon. rogorc cnobilia, yofili sabWoeTis mTel rig regionebSi. did qalaqebSi kanonier qurdebs saxelmwifoebriv struqturebze meti wona da gavlenac ki hqondaT. swored isini warmoadgendnen saxelmwifos saxelmwifoSi da swrafad avrcelebdnen TavianT gavlenas axal_axal regionebze, iTvisebdnen qalaqebs, wilSi Sediodnen am uzarmazari saxelmwifos yvelaze perspeqtiul sawarmoebSi, akontrolebdnen bankebs. kontrolis gareSe darCenil saxelmwifoSi swored damnaSaveTa samyaros es “elita” erTaderTi da warmmarTveli Zala, iwyebdnen saxelmwifos kontrols da xelSi igdebdnen dovlaTs. xSirad amboben, rom ,,kanonieri qurdi-s” institutis Camoyalibeba socialisturi samyarosa da wyobis ganuyofeli nawili iyo da igi stalinma da beriam Seqmnes. magram aviwydebaT, rom, roca pirveli kanonieri qurdi da avtoritetTa mTeli armia moevlina samyaros, stalini da beria ubralod, arafers ar warmoadgendnen. pirveli

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kanonieri qurdi ,,vankakaeni” (ivane osipovi) 1731 wels moevilina samyaros. am dros stalini da beria, meti rom ar vTqvaT, fiqrSic ar arsebobdnen. magram, maT sasargeblod unda iTqvas, rom SesaniSnavad gamoiyenes es instituti zonebSi, Tu cixeebSi myof damnaSaveTa samyaros marTvis saqmeebSi, maTTvis umjobesi iyo zonaSi ramdenime ,,elitaruli” patimari fufunebaSi hyolodaT da maTTvis sanatoriumis pirobebi SeeqmnaT, vidre zonis gakontrolebisaTvis zedmeti xarji gaewiaT. aris saxelmwifoebi, sadac xalxi damanaSaveebs TanagrZnobiTa da pativiscemiT epyrobian. maT Zeglebsac ki udgamen, iwereba wignebi, iqmneba simRerebi, iReben filebs da misabaZ gmirebad gvixataven. gavixsenoT inglisSi robin hudi da korsari, ruseTSi “vanka kaeni” da ramdenadac ar unda gagvikvirdes, saqarTveloSi – arsena oZelaSvili. maTgan ors, robin huds da arsena oZelaSvilils Zeglebic ki daudges TavianT samSobloSi. aRniSnul samyaroSi da am samyaros warmomadgenelTa mudam alesil danis pirze siaruli bevrisTvis romantikulia, bevrisaTvis ki piriqiT, radgan arc erTma mxarem ar icis imaze meti, rac mxolod Woris doneze iyo da masze wera ki ara, saubaric ki nebadarTuli ar iyo. sul ubralod, isini sazogadoebis mankier mxares da danaSaulebriv fenas warmoadgendnen. magram Tu safuZvlianad gavaanalizebT da Rrmad CaukvirdebiT, cxovreba maT gareSe ar yofila, ar aris da arc iqneba. es samyaro Cveni cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia da mogvwons Tu ara, es Cveni Selamazebuli istoriaa. itoriaze ki uars veravin ityvis. eTnokonfliqtebma, SuRlma da Sinaomebma welSi gatexa adre ayvavebuli, mziuri saqarTvelo. afxazeTsa da samaCabloSi gaCaRebulma konfliqtebma qurdul wreebSic warmoSva uTanxmoebani. liderebs Soris xSirad xdeboda amis safuZvelze garCevebi. da aman iseTi xasiaTi miiRo, rom axalgazrdebic ki cdilobdnen Zvelebis, kanonierebis gatarebas wnexis qveS. 1993 wels mokles kanonieri qurdi arseni (jemal miqelaZe) da ramdenime avtoriteti. 1996 wels dacxriles rafin bisianci. iyo kidev ramdenime “garCeva”. 1996 wels aprilSi moskovSi qarTveli qurdebis ,,sxvodka” gaimarTa, sadac imsjeles Saqro molodoize Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb da sxvadasxva Semosavlebis gadanawilebaze. `sxvodkas~ 15 kanonieri qurdi es- wreboda, magram organizebul danaSaulTan brZolis sammarTvelos muSakebs ar eZinaT da yvelani daakaves. imave wels noemberSi daiWires quTaiselTa 15 kaciani, jgufi romelsac avTi xelmZRvanelobda. mas moskovidan gasaxleba hqonda misjili, magram mainc dabrunda. igi adamianis gatacebisaTvis ixdida sasjels. noemberSi kidev erTi kanonieri qurdi rauli mokles. igi moskovis banks akontrolebda da navTobis legaluri biznesi hqonda. rauli axalgazrda qurdebis fuliT xeldasmis winaaRmdegi iyo da amis amo gamoasalmes kidec sicocxles. bolo xanebSi asparezze gamovidnen damoukidebeli band-formirebebi, romelTac kriminaluri avtoritetebi udganan saTaveSi. aseTi formoreba saqarTveloSic Seiqmna da mas ruseTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi kanonier qurdad aRricxavze myofi piroveneba xelmZRvanelobda. es formireba iyo ,,mxedrioni”, xolo xelmZRvaneli _ jaba ioseliani. zogierTi cnobiT, ,,mxedrions“ ukavSirebdnen moskovsa da mis olqSi myof saSiS da saxifaTo jgufs, romelsac agreTve kanonieri oniki xelmZRvanelobs. saocari isaa, rom mis rigebSi bevria Sinagan saqmeTa da uSiSroebis organos yofili TanamSromeli. isini ZiriTadad manqanebis gatacebaze arian daxelovnebulni.

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ukanasknel dros qarTvelTa dajgufebebs namdvilad didi problemebi gauCndaT, imis gamo, rom adgilobriv slavTa dajgufebebTan saerTo enis gamounaxaobam maT Soris konfliqti warmoSva, rasac ramdenime qarTveli kanonieri qurdisa da avtoritetis sicocxlec Seewira. aRsaniSnavia kanonieri qurdis kveJos (avTo CixlaZe) mkvleloba. 2001 wlis agvistoSi ki kidev sami qurdi: nono, gudrona da Tengizi mokles. oqtomberSi ki 15 tyvia daaxales avtoritetul qurds gamcemliZes (gademusi). erT-erTma cnobilma Tbiliselma kanonierma qurdma papa hasanma pativiscema qurdul samyaroSi micemuli sityvisadmi erTgulebiT daimsaxura. ra Tqma unda, nebisyofa hqonda da saukeTesodac iyenebda mas. erTxel megobrebis wreSi sigareti moswia, namwvavi gadaagdo da yvelas gasagonad Tqva, rom es misTvis bolo Reri iqneboda. mis xelSi sigareti aRaravis unaxavs. xandaxan, restoranSi, imis nacvlad, rom pirveli sadRegrZelo saZmosi eTqva, SeeZlo restornis musikosebisa Seesva. papa hasani narkotikebisa da narkomaniis winaaRmdeg cnobili mebrZolia. rogorc amboben, Tavis ZmasTanac ki gawyvita kavSiri amis gamo. garda amisa, veravin ityvis, rom igi prostitucias swyalobs. mis biznesinteresebSi arasodes Sedioda prostitucia da yovelTvis ejavreboda. magram, biznesis yvela saxes legalursac da aralegalursac pativs scemda da Tavis kontrols uqvemdebarebda. moskovis sisxlis samarTlis sammarTvelos operatiul kadrebSi uaxloes wlebamde oTxi qarizmatuli lideri iTvleboda. saocari isaa, rom oTxive internacionalisti iyo. dajgufebis kuratori cnobili, erovnebiT belorusi, kanonieri qurdi viaCislav sliva iyo, romelmac meoTxe patimrobis vada 1991 wels moixada. operatiuli samsaxuris muSakebma sliva sastumro ,,kosmosis” erT-erT luqsiSi faqtze daakaves. igi Tavisi xeliT afasoebda heroins sxvadasxva zomis paketebSi da sarealizaciod amzadebda. aqve misgan amoiRes ori avtomati, aTamde pistoleti da ori yuTi vazna. sammarTvelom sliva 12 wliT gaistumra ,,dasasveneblad” mkacri reJimis koloniaSi. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom man iq mxolod ramodenime Tve dahyo da Semdeg ki kanadas miaSura. ruseTidan emigraciaSi wasul avtoritets regularulad misdioda wili dedaqalaqis sami kazinodan, romelic gaZevebulis sakuTrebad iTvleboda. filtvis kiboTi daavadebuli viaCislav marakulis Ze sliva 2000 wels gardaicvala. kanonieri qurdebisagan gansxvavebiT yuradRebas ipyroben mounaTlavi bandituri dajgufebebis liderebic, romelnic rasakvirvelia Zalze iSviaTad iRupebian sakuTari sikvdiliT. miuxedvad arsebuli mSvidi droisa da idealuri cxovrebis pirobebisa aseT yovel avtoritets SeuZlia datkbes bednieri siberiT. Tundac, rogorc adgilobrivi kriminaluri samyaros cnobil, 53 wlis iutas (papa-sergi zinovieris Ze iutkeviCs, romelmac gvari mamis saxelT Seicvala da axla sergi sergis Ze cololod iwodeba. aseT da amgvarad rostovis umsxvilesi danaSaulebrivi dajgufebebis erT-erTi lideri romelic kriminalur samyaroSi doqtoris saxeliTaa cnobili, Cveulebrivad yovelgvari aurzauris gareSe gaistumres im qveynad ,,keTilSobilma” daqiravebulma mkvelelebma (qilerebma). igi Cacxriles am sityvis sruli mniSvnelobiT, radgan mis sxeulze mTeli adgili Znelad Tu moiZebneboda, mas 60

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tyvia daaxales. ,,doqtoris” dakrZalvaze mTeli qtevnodan 500 avtoriteti Cavida. cnobilia erT-erTi kanonieri qurdis SiSkanis saswaulebrivi gadarCenis istoria: mis mosaklavad ori qileri gagzavnes. maT manqana tyeSi datoves. SiSkanis agarakamde sul raRac erTi kilometri rCeboda. saSineli wvima asxamda, Zlieri qari xeebs kenweroebs axrevinebda, gaelvebas Weqa _ quxili mosdevda Tan. aseT amindSi ufro SeiZleboda uyuradRebod darCeniliyo avtoritetis agaraki dacvisaTvis. is vila, sadac kanonieri qurdi SiSkani cxovrobda, piradi dacvis saguSagoebiT iyo garSemortymuli. mkvlelebi daxrilebi, xidan xemde mokle gadarbenebiT uaxlovdebodnen samiznes. saxlis gegma dawvrilebiT hqondaT Seswavlili da SeeZloT TvaldaxuWuli moeZebnaT is adgili, sadac naRmi unda CaedoT. magram moxda gauTvalisiwnebeli ram, gaielva ca erTbaSad ganaTda da gaisma gamayruebeli afeTqebis xma. afeTqebis xmam dafara ganwiruli xmebi. Semdeg ki ori adamianis sxeulTa nafleTebs 100 metris radiusSi krefdnen. ase, rom TviT bunebam ixsna cnobili damnaSaveTa lideri aSkara sikvdilisagan. raRac zebunebrivma Zalam elvis ena pirdapir im naRmisken mimarTa, romelic erT-erT qilers qurTukis SigniT hqonda damaluli. amis Semdeg saZmo laparakobda, rom TviT RmerTi icavda SiSkans da masze Tavadsxma uazroba iyo. gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura: 1. e. sovoliovi " damnaSaveTa samyaro" (Tbilisi 2000) 2. n. imerliSvili " kanonieri qurdebi" (Tbilisi 2004)

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sofo barnabiSvilisofo barnabiSvilisofo barnabiSvilisofo barnabiSvili grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti.grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti.grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti.grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti. fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifo marTvis.fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifo marTvis.fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifo marTvis.fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifo marTvis. specialoba: samspecialoba: samspecialoba: samspecialoba: samarTalmcodneobaarTalmcodneobaarTalmcodneobaarTalmcodneoba. “lideris fenomeni qarTul xelovnebaSi...”“lideris fenomeni qarTul xelovnebaSi...”“lideris fenomeni qarTul xelovnebaSi...”“lideris fenomeni qarTul xelovnebaSi...” samyaro didi da mravalferovania... ibadebian mwerlebad... geniosebad... liderebad... RvTisgan naboZeb niWsa da nebas Tavmdablad emorCilebian da qmnian xelovnebas - xalxTa istorias. maTi TiToeuli ganxorcielebuli Canafiqri Sedevrad gvevlineba da eris wminda reliqviad iqceva xolme. qarTuli suli da istoriuli qartexili muzad akivldeba da qarTuli cekvis ileTebSi iRvreboda. terfsiqora msoflios yvela xalxisaTvis metad cnobil muzad iqca. es is muzaa, erTxel Tu Zval-rbilSi gagijda, terfebs veRar moasveneb. terfsiqora guluxvi aRmoCnda qarTvelebisaTvis, qarTuli sulic CaaWeda da am kombinaciam iliko suxiSvilisa da nino ramiSvilis qarTuli erovnuli baleti Seaqmnevina. Tu maswavlebeli mxolod maswavlebelia da meti araferi, aRsazrdelma SesaZloa miatovos nebismieri sayvareli saqme. magram Tu moZRvari adamians cxovrebasac aswavlis da kritikul momentSi imeds ar gaucruebs, Segirdi ostatis bolomde erTguli da masTan Serwymulic xdeba, azrebic Tanaziardeba... Tu lideri xar, maSin Seni sidiadec gyofnis da ar cdilob sxva daCrdilo, piriqiT, mas sakuTari SesaZleblobebis realizebis Sanss aZlev da partniorobas sTavazob. magram ra gZaluZs maSin, rodesac gangebam Seni lideroba isurva, magram dro da weswyobileba ar aRmoCnda mzad migiRos. maSin TviTgadarCenis instiqti moqmedebs, sakuTari nebisa Tu dakisrebuli misiis gansaxorcieleblad ebmebi cxovrebiseul aSkara Tu farul brZolaSi da sabolood mainc aRwev mizans, hpoveb msoflio aRiarebas... iliko suxiSvilisa da nino ramiSvilis biografia Cveni qveynis mTeli epoqaa 1945 wlidan dRemde. amavdros, esaa maT mier Seqmnili ansamblis biografiac da qarTuli cekvis istoriac. maT cxovrebaSi ireklebian XX saukunis didi adamianebi, liderebi, xelovnebis msaxurni, didi politikosebi Tu diqtatorebi: ioseb stalini, kliment gotvaldi, inglisis dedofali maria, uinston CerCilis qvrivi klementina da sxvebi. am wyvilis ambavi dro-Jamis Cveul svlas dasxltomia, erTmaneTs SenivTebia da maTi ZalisxmeviT Seqmnil xalxuri cekvebis saxelmwifo ansambls Serwymia. iliko suxiSvili 1907 wels goris raionis sof. mejvrisxevSi daibada. erTi wlisa daoblda. dedam - ana kazakovam saxl-kari gayida da Tavis or vaJiSvilTan erTad TbilisSi gadmosaxlda. ilikos deda maleve gaTxovda iason yufaraZeze. ojaxi xelmokle iyo da ilikos adreve mouxda marCenalis mZime tvirTis zidva. mZime bavSvoba hqonda... xan mixaelovis prospeqtze yidda wabls, xanac saswrafo depeSebi dahqonda. xSirad yinvian RameSe, yinvasa da siciveSi uxdeboda qalaqis erTi bolodan meoreSi velosipediT siaruli... momaval liderSi TandaTan iRviZebda genia... misi TviTnabadi niWi TvalSisacemi iyo, pataraobisas skolis kibeebze cerebiT adioda, mogvianebiT ki ganTqmuli iyo misi ,,Samilis cekva", improvizacia CeCnuri ileTebis gamoyenebiT, Samilis locviT rom iwyeboda. mis cekvaSi iyo raRac sxva Sinagani gzneba temperamenti... TiTqos arafers

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akeTebda gansakuTrebuls. gamovidoda scenaze, Camoiwevda fafaxs, nela gadmoikecavda Coxis saxeloebs da ukve amaze iyo taSi... 1923-26 wlebSi iliko aleqsi aleqsiZis xalxuri cekvebis studiaSi swavlobda. erT weliwadSi aleqsiZem igi Tavis asistentad aiyvana. 1926 wels operis TeatrSi staJior mocekvaved miiwvies yovelgvari xelfasis gareSe. rogorc amboben qarTuli cekvebis ostats eCoTireboda baletis masiur cekvebSi monawileoba, amitomac uxvad iRebda grims, magram mainc scnobdnen ubadlo mocekvaves. man aRiarebamde kargad icoda sakuTari niWierebis fasi da ar surda dro masiuri cekvisaTvis daekarga, surda maleve Seeqmna xalxuri cekvis ansambli da amiT yvela ucnobi ziareboda patara qveynis mdidar xelovnebas. ilikos cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovani iyo maria perinis sabaleto studia, romelmac mis Segirdebs daxvewili teqnika SesZina da amiT liderTa bunebrivi niWi fenomenad aqcia da ganamtkica. ,,me nel-nela Cemi bejiTi SromiT mivaRwie did warmatebas da aRiarebas. operis Teatri gaxda Cemi suli da guli, Cemi saxli saarsebo kera da sicocxlis mizani". werda iliko Tavis mogonebebSi da aqve nino ramiSvili: ,,maria perinis sabaleto studiis damTavrebis Semdeg TeatrSi ise gamanawiles arc ki vicodi... da Teatri iqca Cems gatacebad, saqmed siyvarulad... es iyo Cemi cxovreba..." am ori adamianis Sexvedra, rogorc Cans, gardauvali iyo. cekvis didma siyvarulma maT erTmaneTi apovnina, rogorc partniorebs, rogorc meuRleebs, rogorc ansamblis damaarseblebs da rogorc liderebs... rac ufro axlovdeba 37 weli ufro sagrZnobi xdeboda proletariatis diqtaturis simZime. izrdeboda partiul komkavSirul aqtivistTa rigebi da RamiT ugzo-ukvlod gauCinarebulTa ricxvi. miuxedavad imisa, rom iliko lideri iyo xelovnebaSi mas mainc uxdeboda CarTuliyo qveynis politikaSi gamoeyenebina diplomatiis niWi da emegobra" saxelmwifo liderebTan, raTa sasurveli miznisaken misaRwevi gza nacionaluri baletis Seqmna ufro gaadvileboda. igi partiulic iyo da komkavSirulic. im xnad wamyvani baletmeisteri da momavali ansamblis direqtori upartio verafriT iqneboda, iliko ki ganuwyvetliv ansamblis daarsebaze fiqrobda... magram Seqmnamde gasavleli iyo sakmaod Zneli da vrceli gza...ilikos inglisSi didi warmateba xvda wilad. koncerts didi britaneTis mefe jorj V da deda dedofali maria eswrebodnen. festivalis damTavrebis Semdeg britaneTis mTavrobam uinZoris sasaxleSi moawyo wveuleba. dajildoebisas ilikos deda-dedofalma Tavisi xeliT gadasca oqros medali. iliko xelze emTxvia mas. es rainduli da ara komkavSiruli qmedeba SeumCneveli ar darCenia moskovs. stalinma ukan dabrunebuli sabWoTa delegacia miiRo, iliko ixmo da hkiTxa ,,rogor iyo, dedofals xelze rom kocnidio?!" ,,me civma oflma damasxa" - ambobda iliko. stalinma ki daayovna da ganagrZo: ,,Zalian swored moiqeci, ratom unda efiqraT rom xepreebi varT". am umniSvnelo movlenas gacilebiT mkacri Sedegic SeiZleba mohyoloda, stalini ilikos cekviT moxibluli diqtatori rom ar yofiliyo. ucnauric ki iyo misi damokidebuleba am wyvilisadmi. 1949 wels roca ansambli ukve daarsebuli iyo stalins xelmosawerad Seutanes dadgenileba, ninosa da ilikos stalinuri premiis II xarisxis lauriatobis miniWebis Taobaze. miSa Wiaureli premiebis miniWebis komisiis wevri, ixsenebda: ,,ratom meore xarisxio' ukiTxavs belads". ,,kenWisyrisas xma daakldao" miuges. ,,maS erT xmas me mivcem da meores

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ki amxanagi voroSilovio" ubrZanebia. vin SeekamaTeboda. meore xarisxis premia maSinve I xarisxis premiad gadaukeTebiaT damqaSebs... maSindeli xelisuflebac ereoda sociumis yvela sferoSi, akontrolebda TiToeul gadadgmul nabijs, miTumetes maSin, roca qveynis saxeliT uxdebodaT sazRvrebis garRveva, xSirad maTi survilisamebr adgendnen warmodgenis Semadgenlobas.... 37 weli iwyeboda. moskovSi qarTuli kulturis dekadaze mihqondaT vaxtang Wabukianis ,,mTebis guli". es iyo pirveli klasikuri qarTuli baleti. wamyvan partias elene CikvaiZe cekvavda. bolo wuTs maRali instanciidan direqtiva movida CikvaiZis nacvlad berias favorit qals unda ecekva. Wabukiani aRSfoTda da dekoraciiT datvirTuli vagoni Caaxsnevina. maSin yvela qarTvel mocekvaves ganucxades, rom Tavisuflebi iyvnen da SeeZloT samSobloSi dabruneba. nino ramiSvili moskovSi darCa ara rogorc mocekvave, aramed rogorc ilikos meuRle. ilikos moxsna ver SeZles, radgan dubliori ar hyavdaT. nino drodadro gaivlida xolme repeticiis dros TeatrSi da berias brZanebiT ramdenimejer Caucvams kidec kaba da ucekvia. dekadis damTavrebis 14 ianvars kremlis banketi gaimarTa. xelovnebis elita politbiuros elitas xvdeboda. ,,yvelani stalins vuyurebdiT, manamde mxolod mis portretebs vicnobdiT. dabali tanis iyo TiTqos marcxena xelis xmareba eZneleboda." _ambobda nino. dekadis Semdeg iliko da nino stalinis agarakze miipatiJes. stumarTa Soris iyvnen: lavrenti beria, sergo orjonikiZe, mixeil kalinini, voroSkovi da sxvani. iliko cekvavda da mis Semxedvare stalins uTqvams:" ra ganaTlebulia, RmerTZaRli, fexebSio". aRfrTovanebuls iliko gverdze gauxmia sasaubrod... rogorc 37 wlis tradicias Seefereboda, Teatris direqtori stalinTan saswrafod gaCnda, rom misi STabeWdilebebi gaenelebina da uTqvams: ,,marTalia iliko kargad cekvavs, magram komkavSirSi Zalian cudad muSaobso". im droisaTvis es arcTu usafuZvlo argumenti iyo. moxda saocreba - beladma upasuxa: ,,gauSvi aman ase icekvos da komkavSirSi sxvam imuSaoso" komkavSirulma argumentebma nayofi ar gamoiRo. cota xanSi stalini ilikos miubrunda da hkiTxa: ,,mTxove ra ginda, riT dagexmaroo." iliko sruliad upovari iyo, uamravi ram sWirdeboda, magram Sinaganma alRom arc aq uRalata da miugo: ,,Tqveni suraTi maCuqeT warweriTo". wveuleba gagrZelda, dasasruls man Tavis ideologiur Tanamzraxvelebs cekva mosTxova... sityvas vin Sekadrebda, cekvavdnen... dilis 6 saaTi iqneboda, rom daiSalne, roca davemSvidobeT da manqanaSi CavsxediT, vxedavTiT marto darCenili stalini rogorc wmendda daorTqlil fanjrebs, rom misi agarakidan mimavali qarTvelebisaTvis kidev erTxel Seevlo Tvali. ase meCvena, TiTqos im dRes masSi raRacam gaiRviZa" - igoneba q-ni nino. gadioda dro... ninosa da ilikos ansamblis Seqmnis survili mosvenebas ar aZlevdaT... 1944 wels iliko saqarTvelos xelovnebis sammarTvelos ufrosTan mivida da daxmareba sTxova, rom saqarTveloSi qarTuli xalxuri cekvebis ansambli Seqmniliyo. igi Tvlida, rom mdidari qoreografiuli folkloris mqone saqarTvelos aucileblad unda hqonoda xalxuri cekvebis ansambli. egaZe daxmarebas dahpirda. gazeTSi gamocxadda, rom msurvelebs SeeZloT gamocdaze misvla. maincdamainc bevri msurveli ar yofila. am dros mocekvaveebi saqarTveloSi erTeulebi Tu iyvnen da ,,me da ninos garegnuli monacemebis mixedviT mogvixda SerCeva, Semdeg maTi sagangebo swavleba" werda iliko.

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konservatoriis darbazidan oficerTa saxlis scenaze, oficerTa saxlidan kulturis saxlSi... iliko imeds ar kargavda, guls ar itexda da yvelafers cdilobda mieRwia ocnebad qceuli miznebisaTvis. am xnis manZilze arc erTma mocekvavem ar icoda, rom oficialurad didi xania daSlilni da gauqmebulni iyvnen. ase scenidan scenaze gadadiodnen, sadac viTom gastrolebze midiodnen da uxelfasod, usaxsrod ganagrZobdnen arsebobas. naxevrad mSieri mocekvaveebi ZalRones ar iSurebdnen mieRwiaT warmatebisaTvis, atyuebdnen xalxs, isini ki darwmunebulni iyvnen, rom ansambli damtkicebulia da raki darbazi ar hqondaT, amitom iZulebulni iyvnen sxvadasxva darbazebSi emuSavaT. 1945 wlis adreuli gazafxulisaTvis im civ Rames ck-sken mimavali suxiSvilis winaSe ori sruliad konkretuli amocana idga: xelmZRvaneloba unda darwmunebuliyo, rom Canafiqri Tavisi efeqturobiTa da mxatvruli doniT saxelmwifo xelSewyobas imsaxurebda da, rac mTavaria ar modioda winaaRmdegobaSi marqsistl ,,esTetikis" principebTan. pirveli amocana ilikom brwyinvaled gadawyvita. erT-erTi partiuli muSakis kabinetSi man speqtakli gamarTa. partiisa da saidumlo policiis Sefebs martom ucekva da umRera mTeli orsaaTiani programa aTasgvari komentarebiTa da ganmartebebiTurT. gamorCeuli samsaxiobo niWisa da artistizmis meSveobiT man saWiro efeqts miaRwia. axla aucilebeli iyo xelmZRvaneli muSakebisaTvis imis dasabuTeba, rom qarTuli tradiciuli xelovnebisa da modernis zRavrze Seqmnili es fantastikuri baleti ar iyo ,,burJuaziuli dekadansisa da reaqciuli individualizmis proeqti" mkveTrad gamoxatuli SemoqmedebiTi individualuroba da sruli apolitikuroba, erTi SexedviT, gadaulaxav winaaRmdegobebs uqmnida ilikos. individualizmis yovelnair gamovlinebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli komunistebi mxatvruli nawarmoebis mTavar esTetikur Rirebulebad ,,xalxurobas" aRiarebdnen am rTul viTarebaSi gamovlinda iliko suxiSvilis kidev erTi socari unari: utyuari diplomaturi alRo. man moZebna martivi, magram erTaderTi SesaZlo gamosavali: partiis mesveurTa mier im Rames nanaxi da mosmenili xalxur Semoqmedebad gamoacxada. es yvelaferi, faqtiurad, avtorobaze uaris Tqmas udrida, samagierod ,,xalxuri cekvis ansamblad" monaTlulma qarTulma baletis arsebobam ufleba moipova." axla, roca im istoriul Rames ukve naxevar saukuneze meti gvaSorebs, Znelia gadaWriT iTqvas, Tu ra aris suxiSvilisa da ramiSvilis mier Seqmnili sacekvao fantasmagoraSi marTala xalxuri Tu individualuri Semoqmedebis nayofi. erTi ki udavoa Tavisi arsiT es aris Rrma erovnuli, WeSmaritad qarTuli qoreografia. cekvis idumali ena, rogorc cnobilia, inaxavs imas, rasac xandaxan Segnebulad iviwyebs, an istoriul qartexilebSi kargavs eris cnobiereba. xalxuri cekvis wiaRSi Semonaxuli faruli miniSnebebi qarTvelTa sulier wyobasa da raoden gasakviric ar unda iyos lideris fenomensac exmaureba. grigol robaqiZem ,,qarTulis" Semsrulebeli mamakaci ,,vefxvs" Seadara, romelic sarkeSi icqireba. sakuTari anareklis Wvreta xom msaxiobebis Tvisebaa, msaxiobebisa, romelnic vefxvis rols asruleben da Tan gamudmebiT amowmeben TavianT Tavebs, rom SemTxveviT katis moZraoba ar gaeparoT. iqneb swored cekva ,,qarTulma" Samogvinaxa yvelaze zustad da Seulamazeblad qarTveli kacis WeSmariti, magram saguldagulod dafaruli saxe, saxe maradiuli moTamaSisa, romelsac mudam amoZravebs dauZleveli survili, cxovreba speqtaklad aqcios. mamakacis mimoxvra,

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misi mimika, anda qalis Tavdapirveli uari sacekvaod mopatiJebaze da mxolod Semdeg cdaze daTanxmeba faruli dasturia imis, rom qarTveli trfobis drosac ar Ralatobs Tavis artistul bunebas da TviT siyvarulic, romelic grZnobebas uSualobas moiTxovs, ver aiZulebs wamiT mainc daiviwyos sarke, romelSic wamdauwum icqireba. sadRac aq imaleba cekva ,,qarTulis" mimzidveli saidumlo, romelic Taobidan TaobaSi gadadis da auxsnel siamovnebas aniWebs Semsrulebelsac da mayurebelsac. simarTle sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb umTavresi ganZia erisaTvis, miTumetes eleganturad naTqvami simarTle. suxiSvilebis nacionalur baletSi kidev erTi adamianis niWiereba tivtivdeba - es suliko virsalaZe iyo, romelmac Semoqmedebis Tvalisa da alRoTi moaxdina transformireba da Seqmna axali samosi. ,,erT-erTi mizezi Cveni warmatebisa swored mis mier Seqmnili kostumebia, msoflios arc erTi qveynis presas gverdi ar auvlia sulikos SemoqmedebisaTvis. xSirad fardis awevisTanave, cekvis dawyebamde, darbazSi taSi ismoda, es taSi sulikos ekuTvnoda ambobda q-ni nino. iliko suxiSvili saukeTeso mocekvavesTan erTad udidesi diplomati iyo, igi uars acxadebda ileTebis avtorobaze da maT xalxurad ,,naTlavda". am pirovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo lideris yvela Tviseba. iyo profesionali, didi diplomati, zustad icoda ra, sad da rodis eTqva, rogor emoqmeda. aravisTvisaa ucxo suxiSvilebis mravalricxovani Semadgenloba, xSirad eqmnebodaT teqnikuri problemebi da koncertis Cavardnis safrTxe, magram gamorCeuli liderisaTvis ar arsebobda dabrkoleba... lideri xom yovelTvis yvela situaciidan hpoulobs gamosavals. suxiSvilebis I Taobis mocekvaveebi ixseneben konkretul SemTxvevebs msgavsi SemTxvevebisa da aRniSnaven rom ilikosaTvis ar arsebobda mougvarebeli problema: ,,rigaSi Casvlisas maSindeli administratori belski Zalian cud xasiaTze dagvxvda. gairkva, rom filarmoniam kontraqtze xeli ar mogviwera, salaroze imuSaveT, vinaidan 100 bileTis meti ar gaiyidao, arada darbazSi 1500 adgili iyo. cota xniT iliko dafiqrda da ipodromis direqtorTan gadawyvita Sexvedra. gamoarTva etli da cxenebi. etlSi qarTul kabasa da CoxaSi gamowyobili wyvili Casva; aT lamaz jiSian cxenze 10 rCeuli vaJi Coxebsa da Tavze wakruli yabalaxebSi Sesva da etls gaayola, rogorc mayrioni. doli-garmonisa da arRnis xmaze rigis centralur quCebsa da moednebze Semoatares! xalxi gakvirvebuli uyurebdnen maT, eseni eubnebodnen rom am saRamos koncertis msaxiobebi iyvnen. 7 saaTisTvis 1500 bileTi gaiyida. sruli anSlagi iyo" igonebs akad. cisana kakabaZe. ,,germaniaSi gastrolebis erT-erTi koncerti Ria scenaze iyo dagegmili, im dRes kokispirulad wvimda, darbazi xalxiT iyo savse, magram scena sarkesaviT curavda, Cven cekva ar SegveZlo. batonma ilikom benzini moatanina, scenaze moasxes, cecxli waukida da scena moaSro. ase meordeboda cekvis SualedebSi, meore dRes germaniis wamyvani gazeTebi werdnen: ,,qarTvelebi cecxlSi cekvavdneno" - ixsenebs suxiSvilebis I Taobis mocekvave iuri ratiani. iseni axasiaTeben TavianT liderebs: ,,q-ni nino da b-n iliko repeticiebis Semdeg Cveni ufrosi megobrebi iyvnen. repeticiebze ki rkiniseburi disciplina hqondaT damyarebuli: ar unda dagvegviana mudam mowesrigebulni unda vyofiliyaviT, verc erTi vaJi ver gabedavda wvergauparsavi misvlas, Tundac repeticiaze. suxiSvilebis mocekvaveebi yvelsagan

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gamovirCeodiT Cacmis kulturiTa da eleganturobiT es maTi damsaxurebaa, romelic dRemde mogvyveba. xalxuri cekvis ansambli vaJkacobisa da adamianobis samWedlo iyo..." suxiSvilebma aRiareba pirvelive gastrolebidan moipoves. dRiTi-dRe izrdeboda qarTuli kulturiT aRtacebuli qveyanaTa ricxvi:LpoloneTSi gastrolebisas erT-erTi organizatoris iniciativiT xmlebi fosforiT dafares. farikaobas 50 kaci asrulebda. SuqSi wamierad qreboda fosforis xmlebi elavdnen. mayurebeli gaognebuli iyo: ,,darwmunebulni viyaviT, rom cekvis bolos scenaze ramdenime moWrili Tavi egdebodao." 1968 wels braziliaSi q. santosSi legendaruli pele stadionze qarTvelebs maspinZlobda. presa werda: ,,iliko suxiSvili iseTive movlenaa qoreografiaSi, rogorc pele fexburTSi". 1975 wels belgia, luqsemburgi, presa aWrelebulia sensaciuri saTaurebiT: ,,briusels ewvia ,,merve saocreba", ix. udidesTaSoris udidesni", ,,isini haerSi dafrinaven". 1989 weli asvtralia - ,,qarTuli cekvis TviTmyofadoba is aris, rom masSi gadmocemulia saqarTvelosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli cxovrebis mravalferovneba da kontrastuloba." (,,sadimeili" q. brizbeni) imave wels ,,niu-iork taimsSi" qveyndeba werilis saTauriT: ,,folkloris Zvirfasi qva klasikuri waxnagebiT". premiera ori sityviTaa Sefasebuli: ,,ubralod gaognebuli". es sensaciuri saTaurebi metyveleben, rom Tu ramodena lideri qmnida xelovnebas, ayalibebda ansambls, ixarjeboda bolomde da amiT mTel gunds xdida liderad xelovnebaSi... qarTulma nacionalurma baletma Tavisi istoriis 50 wlis manZilze moiara 87 qveyana, 1700 qalaqi, moawyo 200-mde turne, warmodgenebs daeswro 50 milioni mayurebeli. gavida wlebi, Seicvalnen virtuoz mocekvaveTa Taobebi, Seicvala calkeuli cekvebis naxazi, gadakeTda zogierTi ileTi, magram i. suxiSvilis, n. ramiSvilis da suliko virsalaZis mier moyolili qarTvelTa sulieri Tavgadasavali kvlavac auxsneli mRelvarebiT avsebs mayurebelTa gulebs da saxecvlili msoflios tragikul articizmiT, iumoriTa da temperamentiT aRsavse patara xalxis ambavs uambobs. anmsablis Tanamedrove istorias dRes maTi STamomavlebi qmnian... gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. " Georgian Naitional Ballet" 1996. 2. pirveli Taobis mocekvaveTa monaTxrobebi.

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daviT tabataZedaviT tabataZedaviT tabataZedaviT tabataZe saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetsaqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetsaqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetsaqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti.i.i.i. fakulteti: humanitarulfakulteti: humanitarulfakulteti: humanitarulfakulteti: humanitarul----teqnikuri.teqnikuri.teqnikuri.teqnikuri. specialoba: saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri samarTalispecialoba: saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri samarTalispecialoba: saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri samarTalispecialoba: saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri samarTali

“lideri qarTul literaturaSi”“lideri qarTul literaturaSi”“lideri qarTul literaturaSi”“lideri qarTul literaturaSi” lideri zogadad winamZRols niSnavs, romelic gansakuTrebuli TvisebebiT gamoirCeva. Cemi azriT, lideri unda iyos ganaTlebuli da yovelTvis cdilobdes gaiRrmavos codna, radganac ucodinari adamiani verasodes SesZlebs winamZRolobas. igi unda iyos mizandasaxuli da mizanswrafuli, enamWevri, raTa SeeZlos zemoqmedeba moaxdinos adamianebis garkveul jgufze da TviTon unda aZlevdes sxvas magaliTs, iyos samarTliani da Tavis qveynis erTguli, RerZi romlis garSemoc itrialebs xalxi, iniciatori mravali kargi saqmisa.

aseT pirovnebad qarTul literaturaSi gamovarCevdi grigol xanZTels, romelmac Tavisi cxovrebiT da moRvaweobiT SeZlo aramxolod sasuliero pirTa winamZRoloba, aramed saufuZveli Cauyara qveynis gaerTianebas da saxelmwifod Camoyalibebas. igi iyo saukeTeso oratori; `sityvai misi iyo Sezavebul mariliTa madlisaiTa” es unari man araerTxel gamoavlina. amisaTvis sakmarisia gavixsenoT, Tu rogor daloca man mefis Zeni an rogor STambeWdavad aRwera xanZTis buneba.

yuradsaRebia isic, rom grigol xanZTelis yoveli nabiji winaswar aris mofiqrebuli da gaTvlili. nebismieri misi qmedeba qveynis sakeTildReodaa gamiznuli, man swored gaTvala is rom ierusalimis magivrad konstantinopolSi Cavida. vfiqrob, swored amis Semdeg moipova qarTulma eklesiam wirvis qarTul enaze aRvlenis ufleba. man zustad gaTvala agreTve isic, rom eklesia-monastrebis mSenebloba tao-klarjeTSi daiwyo, romlis bunebrivi pirobebic nakleb sacdunebels Seuqmnida berebs. igi yovelTvis iRrmavebda codnas. ecnoboda sxva qveynebis cxovrebas da wes-Cveulebas da mxolod safuZvlianad Seswavlisa da gaanalizebis mere qarTuli mentalitetis gaTvaliswinebiT nergavda Tavis qveyanaSi. igi liderisaTvis aucilebeli organizatoruli niWiTac aris dajildoebuli. Mmas SeuZlia swored gaanawilos saqme da moiTxovos misi Sesruleba. xanZTelma Tavisi moRvaweobiT udidesi avtoriteti moipova, igi samarTliani, mkacri da momTxovnia pirvel rigSi Tavisi Tavisa da Semdeg sxvebis mimarT, radganac icis rom is aris yvelasTvis magaliTis mimcemi. xanZTelma, rogorc qveyanaze mzrunvelma patriotma, icoda rom samSoblos gaZlierebisaTvis aucilebelia ganaTleba, amitomac eklesia-monastrebis mSeneblobas did mniSvnelobas aniWebda, radganac swored eklesia warmoadgenda saganmanaTleblo keras.

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igi Tavis Zmobis wevrad ar iRebda uRirs adamianebs, radganac arasodes ainteresebda masze damokidebul adamianTa mxolod raodenoba. Ppirvel rigSi gamocdida da mxolod amis Semdeg iRebda Zmobis wevrad. `mamai grigol aravis udebTagansa Seiwynarebda aramed pirvelad gamocadis yovelsa zeda keTilisa saqmesa da ukeTu ipovis guliTa umankoi uzakveli da udrtvnvelad simdabliT morCili wadierad yovelsa zeda ketilsa saqmesa igi Seiwynaris sixaruliT` man sworad gaTvala da gamoiyena isic, rom imdroisaTvis amiras zegavlena Sesustebuli iyo da mcxeTaSi eklesiis winamZRolad qarTvelebisaTvis saWiro adamianis daniSvnas Seuwyo xeli, Tumca amisaTvis bevri winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva mouxda: igi daupirispirda guaram mamfals. aqedan SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom lideri romelsac amoZravebs mxolod Tavisi qveynis siyvaruli, winaaRmdegobebs ar Seepueba da bolomde ibrZolebs dasaxuli miznis misaRwevaT.

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zurab mosiaSvilizurab mosiaSvilizurab mosiaSvilizurab mosiaSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univesiteti. fakulteti: politiunivesiteti. fakulteti: politiunivesiteti. fakulteti: politiunivesiteti. fakulteti: politikur da socialur kur da socialur kur da socialur kur da socialur memememeccccnierebaTa.nierebaTa.nierebaTa.nierebaTa. specialoba: saerTaSoriso urTierTobebispecialoba: saerTaSoriso urTierTobebispecialoba: saerTaSoriso urTierTobebispecialoba: saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi “lideris fenomeni saqarTvelos maRalmTian regionSi" (xevisb“lideris fenomeni saqarTvelos maRalmTian regionSi" (xevisb“lideris fenomeni saqarTvelos maRalmTian regionSi" (xevisb“lideris fenomeni saqarTvelos maRalmTian regionSi" (xevisbeeeerobis robis robis robis instituti)instituti)instituti)instituti) mTielTa warsuli cxovreba dResac zogjer egzotikur burusSi warmogvidgeba: PfiWvnariT dafaruli ferdobebi, TovliT moCiTuli alpuri saZovrebi, zed Sefenili cxvris farebiT da salamuriani bednieri mwyemsebiT, mCqefare nakadulebi, wyaroebi, ufro qveviT - aborgebuli xevebi, janRebSi mikarguli bilikebi da sadRac Sors, cis tatnobze moqanave koSkebi, romelTa gverdiT aTiode saxlia Sejgufuli frinvelTa gundiviT. soflis Tavs qvisyoris xavsiani salocavi irmebisa da jixvebis rqebiT. mlocvelic aqvea: lomfer vaJebs, romelTa muxli cxenze Sejdomisasac ar iRuneba, Tavebi dauxriaT da muxli mouyriaT xatis winaSe. irmis dabarjRuli rqebi ciskenaa awvdili vedrebad, jixvis Savi, msxvili, dagrexili rqebi miwas Cascqerian xvewnad mlocvelisa. Tavs zeviT dambadebeli RmerTia mxolod, dabla mzrdeli miwa - Rirsni CoqviT xvewna - vedrebisa. Tu axlos mivalT, dagvxvdebian mTielni, am mTebiviT amayni da wyaroebiviT laRni. es locva da survili. sinamdvileSi ki mTeli cxovreba sicocxlisa da sikvdilis Widilia - an erTi, an meore! -mteri moadga cixes, erTi as momxvdurs ebrZvis, cixe sadacaa daecema, kacebi daixocebian, diac - ymawvils mteri garekavs. erTi vals moixdis - cixis karTan daecema daWril - akuwuli, meores tyveobaSi elis sircxvili, abuCad agdeba. sxvac bevria kars momdgari Wiri: mecxvares nadiric emtereba da sadavlod gadmosuli duSmanic; ugzoobam da zvavebmac bevri Seiwira, avadobasac xels veravin ubrunebs... da cxovrobs ase mTieli. da moaqvs saukuneebis siRrmidan dardsa da tkivilSi nawrTobi suli. arc aravis ymad yofila da arc aravin ymad hyolia. mas erTaderTi batoni hyavs da mas emsaxureba mTeli sicocxle. es batoni mama - papis xat - salocavia. mas mimarTaven, roca Zalian uWirT, da mas mimarTaven maSinac, roca Zalian ulxinT. mTielebs saerTo aqvT Wiric da lxinic da es aZlebinebT swored gausaZlis yofasa da tial wuTisofelSi. Tumca mTieli Tavisi bunebiT Tavisufalia, misi neba mainc emorCileba saTemo - gvarovnul wes - kanonebs, romelTa dacvasa da Sesrulebs fxizlad sdarajobs xevisberi. marTalia, erisTav - mouravebi mefis brZanebiT fSavis xevSi hkrefdnen molaSqreebsa da xarjsac iRebdnen, magram maT ufleba ar hqondaT fSavis Sinaur cxovrebaSi Careuliyvnen, romelsac Temuri adaTis mixedviT xevisbrebi ganagebdnen.

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xevisberebis saTaveSi idga Tavxevisberi, romelsac yvela xevisberi emorCileboda. Tavxevisbers ekiTxeboda saTemo saqmeebi. is xelSi laSaris droSiTa da jvriT xelSi aficebda da win miuZRoda saomrad mimaval laSqars. xevisberTa _ mTis liderTa sazogadoebriv – administraciuli funqcia ase iyo ganawilebuli: TiToeul TemSi saqmes awesrigebda xevisberi, Tu saqmes xevisberi ver gadaWrida, an es misTvis samZimo iyo, maSin Tavxevisbers mimarTavdnen, romlis gadawyvetileba TemisTvis kanoni iyo. laSqrobisa da zavis saqmes arCevda da wyvetda Tormetive Temis saerTo yriloba, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda Tavxevisberi. amisaTvis iwvevdnen yvela Temis xevisberebs da gvaris sapatio moxucebs, romlebic ikribebodnen maTurxevasTan damastes mindorze an ReleSi, sadac Ramis TeviT dgebodnen. Temis am yrilobaze wydeboda zavisa Tu laSqrobis saqme da aqedan Tavxevisberis winamZRolobiT yvelani laSaris goraze adiodnen. laSarSi Tavxevisberi gamoitanda droSas da yvelani fics debdnen. Tu mterze galaSqreba gadawydeboda, Tavxevisberi droSiT xelSi laSqars win gauZRveboda da yvela Temi erTad ibrZoda. da ise, rogorc barSi, mTaSic ibadebodnen, Sromobdnen, uyvardaT, sZuldaT, emsaxurebodnen ojaxs, Temsa da qveyanas, Tayvans scemdnen warmarTobaSi kac – RmerTebsa da xat – RmerTebs, qristianobaSi ufals. da yvelgan, yovelTvis Tan sdevdaT fxizeli Tvali gamorCeuli liderisa, Tavkacisa anu xevisberisa. xebisberis instituti saukuneebis manZilze viTardeboda, ixveweboda da saboloo saxiT Camoyalibebulma Cvens dromdec moaRwia. Tumca dRevandeli xevisberi srulebiT ar hgavs Tundac meCvidmete saukunis xevisbers. Tu winaT sofelSi, anu TemSi xidan foTolic ver Camovardeboda xevisberis ukiTxavad, axla misi movaleoba mxolod xatobaSi misul mlocvelTa msaxurebaa _ saklavis dakvla, qadis gaWra, dalocva – damwyalobneba. xevisberobasa da xevisberebze mdidar masalas gvawvdis xalxis mexsiereba, folklori Tu literaturuli eposi, romelSic galeqsilia mebrZolTa Tavdadeba da vaJkacoba, xevisberebis goniereba, gamWriaxoba, sidinje da gasaWirSi brZnuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis unari. am mxriv sayuradReboa fSavlebis brZola zurab aragvis erisTavTan. am brZolis Sesaxeb istoriuli cnobebi qarTul matianeSi ar moipoveba, magram misi epizodebis galeqsili gadmocemani fSavSi dRemde Semonaxulia. mTiuleT – xevis damorCilebis Semdeg zurabma fSav – xevsureTisaken gailaSqra da orwyalSi Cavida, sadac sastikad daamarcxes fSavlebma da ganrisxebul erisTavs ieriSi laSaris jvarze miutania, romlis ymad mTeli fSav – xevsureTi iTvleboda. zurabma kargad icoda, rom laSaris jvris xelSi Cagdebas didi mniSvneloba eqneboda fSavis dasapyrobad, radganac es adgili iyo

40

Temuri fSavis religiuri da politikuri centri. aq esvena laSaris droSa da aqve wydeboda saTemo saqmeebi, saidanac Tavxevisberi mouwodebda fSavlebs zurbis winaaRmdeg Tavdadebuli brZolisaken, radgan “laSaris ymaT sxvisi ymoba ar maudiso”. male damarcxebuli zurabi laSaridan gaqceula da Tan gamarjvebulTa yiJina da dacinva gauyolebia:

“ orwyalSi Cava zurabi,

qalia Ciqiliani, Caeubneba msaxurTa: cxeni ra meqna tiali?”

am medgar brZolaSi fSavlebs win miuZRoda xevisberi da Tan ibrZoda da Tan Wkvianur miTiTebebs aZlevda laSqars. fSavlebma Tavi daaRwies feodalebis batonymur uRels da TavianTi Temuri Tavisuflebac bolomde SeinarCunes. xalxuri gadmocemiT, roca Sah-abasma qarTl-kaxeTi moaoxra, axla FfSavis dapyroba da laSaris ganZis xelSi Cagdeba ganizraxa. fSav-xevsureTs es gaugia da daxmareba Tavxevisber gogolaurisTvis uTxoviaT. xevisbers brZolis wina Rame laSaris goraze, xatis win muxlmoyrils locva-vedrebaSi gautarebia, dRisiT ki misi moimede meomrebi aragvis viwro gasasvlelSi, egreTwodebul nawveTaSi Causafrebia, SeukravT gza da mteri iqve amouxociaT. daxocilTa sisxls, xalxuri TqmulebiT, aragvis wyali wiTlad SeuRebia da is ori kvira ar daileodao. fSav-xevsureTs Tavdacva uxdeboda agreTve mezobeli tomebisgan, romlebic nadavlisa da tyveebis gatacebis mizniT mas Tavs esxmodnen da am kuTxes iklebdnen, am mxriv, xalxuri TqmulebiT, mZime iyo TuSebis TareSi, romlebsac fSavSi mekobred uvliaT. maTi meTauri TilisZe yofila. am mekobre TuSebsa da fSavlebs Soris gadamwyveti brZola xoSaraSi momxdara; TuSebi gaufrTxilebiaT:

“ TuSno xoSaras nu CaxvalT,

xoSara ekliania, Sig samni mgelni budoben, samnive lekviannia, Tu CaxvalT, veRar amoxvalT, giorgi etliania. “

giorgi etliani laSaris wminda giorgia, romelic xels umarTavs Tavis ymaT gansacdelSi da arc am brZolaSi umtyunebda maT (gaivlis ramdenime weli da TeTr cxenze amxedrebuli RvTaeba win gauZRveba baxtrionis asaRebad daZrul mTielebs da gaamarjvebinebs kidec maT) marTlac fSavlebs TuSebi daumarcxebiaT da didis zaraliT TilisZe gaqceula, daxocili TuSebis CiTebi (naqsovi Wreli fexsacmeli) fSavlebs godrebiT uzidniaT. am brZolaSi gansakuTrebuli gmiroba gamouCenia xevisber giorgi wowkurauls. xoSaraSi damarcxebuli TilisZe am ambavs dedas ase mouTxrobs:

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“ _ erT me mogivel dedao, sxva bevri ver modioda, wowkuraulis isari gveliviT Samowioda, Sig modioda jarSia, cxenebs mxedrebi scvioda, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sumelji wowkuraulma, yelRilianis qmarmao, magis gamokruls isarsa ver daufara farmao, magis Caxocil TuSebi andaks gariya Rvarmo,

imdeni CiTa gaxades, godriT gaiyva jarmao . “ am brZolis Semdeg TuS-fSav-xevsureTis xevisberebi laSaris gorze Seyrilan da Serigeba da saerTo mSvidobis Camogdeba daudgeniaT. TilisZe laSarobas fSavSi misula da laSaris jvarisTvis TeTri qora xari miuyvania, xolo 1658 wels, roca selim xanma baxtrionsa da alaverdSi TaTrebi daasaxla, saerTo brZolisaken TuSebma pirvelad swored fSav – xevsureTs mouwodes. fSav-xevsureTis laSqris Seyras laSaris gorze ase gadmogvcems vaJa fSavela :

“ samRvTo qmnes fSavel xevsurTa, dakles xari da cxvaria. . .

adides laSaris jvari, Tamaris naCuqaria, xevisbrobs beri luxumi xmatkbilad moubaria, gmirTa qebiT da didebiT guli ver moufxania. . . / “ baxtrioni “ /

saqarTvelos mTianeTi aqtiurad monawileobda qveynis politikur cxovrebaSi. barSi rom saomari mdgomareoba gamocxaddeboda, mTaSic qudze kacs daiZaxebdnen da mTieli vaJebic xevisberebis winamZRolobiT barSi Camorbodnen moZmeTa dasaxmareblad. maTi imedi yovelTvis hqonda qveyanas da amis dasturia fSavisa da TuS – xevsureTis xevisberebis monawileoba Teimuraz I – sa da ruseTis xelmwifis, aleqsi mixeilisZis Soris diplomatiur mimoweraSi 1657 wels. swored es xevisberebi gagzavna Teimurazma moskovSi elCebad da mefe aleqsis qveSevrdomoba da mfarveloba sTxova. qarTul istoriul wyaroebSi bevri magaliTia msgavsi amisa. isic cnobilia, rom Znelbedobis Jams mTaSi ixizneboda qveynis saunje da salaro da rom mTieli xevisberebi mtkiced asrulebdnen dakisrebul movaleobas da rom mTaSi aravis axsovs, Senaxuli simdidre vinmes gaeZarcva da amiT mTielTa Rirseba Seelaxa. xangrZliv saomar mdgomareobas xanmokle mSvidobiani cxovreba mosdevda. sazogadoebrivi yofac Tavisi wesebis dacviT viTardeboda. am wesebs isev xevisberi akanonebda da mis Sesrulebas Temis yvela wevrs aiZulebda. cxovreba Tavisi gziT midioda, drodadro TemSi sxvadasxva saxis danaSauli moxdeboda, an sxva Temidan Tu kuTxidan gadmoxvewili damnaSave miadgeboda xatis kars da xevisbers TavSesafars sTxovda. xevisberi “ gaficvis adaTs “ Seasrulebda _ xizans xatSi saklavs miayvaninebda, Semdeg xatisa da Temis

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erTgulebaze daaficebinebda. am ficis gatexa Temis Ralats niSnavda da xevisberis brZanebiT xizanze Temi Surs iZiebda. gaficvasTan erTad TemSi damnaSaveTa “ mokveTac “ arsebobda. mZime saTemo danaSaulis dros, rogoric iyo Temisa da xatis Ralati, gvaris piris gatexa, damnaSaves Temi moikveTda _ xatSi xevisberi saklavs ar dauklavda, sawirs ar gauWrida, saxvewars ar “ daudidebda “ da Tan ase daswyevlida : “ Temis mSvidobianoba moiTxovs, rom damnaSave gawiruli, moSorebuli iyves Temisaganac, soflisaganac da naTesaobisaganac... dReis Semdeg arc vis aqvs neba mas miawodos wyali Tu mwyurvali naxa, miuSviros puri Tu mSieri naxa, miawodos cecxli Tu ucecxlod naxa... yvelas saxlis karebi daxSuli unda iyos misTvis, yvela damunjebuli unda iqnes misTvis pasuxis misacemlad, yvela dayruebuli unda iyos misi xvewnis gasagebad... xevis jvar – angelozno, Temis piris gamtexs Tqvena risxamdeT...” xdeboda umZimesi danaSauli _ kacis mokvla, rac gvarTa Soris SurisZiebas iwvevda, is sisxlisaRebiT Tavdeboda, an ara da, “ kacis Tavis zRviT, “ rasac mTaSi Tavsisxlis “ gadaxdas “ uwodeben. mosisxle gvarTa Soris erTmaneTis xocva ramdenime Taoba grZeldeboda, sanam maT Soris Serigeba ar moxdeboda. brZolaSi damarcxebuli ojaxi bolos iaraRs yrida da Serigebas iTxovda. am mizniT damnaSave TxovniT mimarTavda gvaris ufrosebs an Temis liderebs da sTxovda maT Tavsisxlis Sefasebas. Temis bWeebi Seikribebodnen saTemo xatis galavanTan da aq xevisbris TavmjdomareobiT Seudgebodnen saqmis garCevas da Tavsisxlis Sefasebas. fSauri adaTiT am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ar eniWeboda adamianis vinaobas da Rirsebas. kacis mokvlisTvis dawesebuli iyo 80 Zroxa an 360 cxvari. Wriloba dasaxiCreba da asos mokveTac ZroxebiT iyo gamoangariSebuli da am mxriv fSavuri adaTic vaxtang gorgaslis kanonebs emyareboda. magaliTad mTeli xelis mokveTa 15 Zroxad iyo Sefasebuli, TiTo nekisa 1 Zroxad, cerisa ki 5 Zroxad. xevisberi Wrilobas qeris marcvlebiT zomavda, romelsac Wrilobaze amwkrivebda da ramdeni marcvalic moTavsdeboda imdeni Zroxa unda gadaexada. Tavsisxlis garda damnaSaves zogjer xevisberi arTmevda im nivTsac, romelic moklulis naTesavebs moewonebodaT da maT gadascemda, amas ewodeboda “almania“ an “yisti“. almaniisgan Tavisufali yofila zogierTi saxelovani xmali, romelic xevisberisgan “ darisxebuli “ iyo da misi almaniiT waReba ar SeiZleboda. aseTi saxelovani yofila fSavSi baTuris xmali. baTurs Tavisi xmliT sofel baCalSi (ivris xeobaSi, TianeTis r-ni) 19 leki mouklavs. es saxelovani xmali xevisbers daulocia da aravis SeuZlia am xmlis valSi an almaniaSi waReba. Tavsisxlis gadaxdis Semdeg orive mxare rigdeboda da amis simtkicis niSnad xevisberi xatSi samans (grZel qvas) Casvamda, saklavs daklavda da modave mopasuxes dalocavda. lideri mTisa, romelic saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi uzenaesi mosamarTlec xdeboda, samarTlis sxvdasxva saqmeebs arCevda da damnaSaveebsac saTanadod sjida. sasjeli ornairi iyo: fizikuri da zneobrivi. saqmis

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garCevis dros orive mxares mowmeebi unda waredgina da Tavi emarTlebina. Tu romelime mxares mowme ar hyavda, maSin simarTlis gamosarkvevad “RvTiur msjavrs“ mimarTavdnen: mduRaresa da SanTs. braldebuls xeli mduRareSi unda Caeyo, an cxeli SanTi unda aeRo da Tu xeli daewvoda damnaSave iyo, Tu ara da _ marTali. swori Cvenebis misaRebad xevisberebi momCivan – mopasuxes xatSi aficebdnen. daficebis dros xevisberi erT xelSi daiWerda RviniT an arayiT savse Tass da meoreSi droSas anTebuli sanTliT da ityoda: “vinc marTali ara Tqvas da damalos, gauwyres em Cveni batonis madli, davlaTi da em TasiviT daiqces imis ojaxio (Tass daaqcevda) da am~ sanTeliviT gaqres imis saxsenebeli dedamiwis zugzeo (sanTels aqrobda). xevisberebi mtyuans saTanado sasjelsac miusjidanen, romelTa Soris yvelaze mZime Caqolva da mokveTa iyo. CaqolviT isjeboda xatisa da Temis moRalate, Tavis Temis qalis gamtacebeli da namusis amxdeli, agreTve mruSobisaTvis. xevisberis brZanebiT aseT damnaSaves xidis yurTan an gzajvaredinze miiyvandnen da xalxi mas iqve Caqolavda qviT. mokveTiT isjebodnen : qurdebi, xatis damgmobni, Temis piris gamtexni, qorwinebisa da wawlobis wesis damrRvevni. xevisberi icavda Tems zneobrivi normebis darRvevisagan. iseTi yofiTi sakiTxebic, rogoric iyo qorwineba da wawloba, xevisbris Carevis gareSe ar gadawydeboda. qorwili imarTeboda vaJis ojaxis mxridan ramdenimelwiani xvewna – mudarisa da qalis ojaxis gangeb sijiutis Semdeg. qorwilSi gaiSleba sufra da mowveuli xalxi dajardeba. sarZlo – sasiZos erTad dasvamen da win daudgamen RviniT savse erT gobs. xevisberi am gobs anTebuli sanTlebiT sapatio stumrebs miawodebs. yvelani fexze dgebian da qudebs ixdian, mxolod daniSnulebi sxedan da xelSi savse Tasebi da anTebuli sanTlebi uWiravT. xevisberi win wadgeba da ase dailoceba: “dideba Senda, giorgi muxis angelozo, laSaris jvaro, Tamar dedofalo! giorgi muxis angelozi gwyalobdeT erTgan Sayril axal yoilTa, erTurTs Sagabernes, erT sasTaulze dagabernes, geqneT etlian - betliani da bedian – davlaTiani. giorgi muxis angelozo, daicavi, daifare laRis mtrisagan da mware sikvdilisagan, umate amaT saxlisa Ronesa, kacsa – kacrielobasa, agremc gaemarjveba Tqvens xmalsa, Tqvens Zalasa da samarTalsao! “ amis Semdeg, axaljvardaweril nefe – patarZals qmris salocav xatSi gaiyvanen da maT xevisberi daamwyalobnebs. mTaSi damkvidrebul tradiciebs erTgulad icavda da emsaxureboda xalxis rCeuli lideri, visac daufiqreblad andobdnen ojaxis sikeTes, janmrTelobas, mSvidobas, anu sikvdilsa da sicocxles. am tradiciaTagan, yvelaze mtkiced iyo daculi daZmobilebis, anu “fic – vercxlis“ Wamis adaTi. rodesac or vaJs erTmaneTis xaTri da siyvaruli aqvs, xatSi Seiyrebian, aiReben WiqiT arays an luds da Sig vercxls CaTlian.

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xevisberi aiRebs am sasmiss da ityvis “Tqvens Zmobas gaumarjos da keTili iyos. erTmaneTis dandoba da siyvaruli gqondeTo“. Semdeg Zmobilebs sam-samjer Seasmevs am sasmiss da masTan erTad gaameorebinebs : “Cemi deda _ Seni deda, Cemi da _ Seni da, Cemi Zma _ Seni Zma, Cemi coli _ Seni rZalio. “ amis Semdeg Zmobilebma erTmaneTs ar unda uRalaton, rac TemSi didi sircxvilia da xevisberic mkacr ganaCens gamoutans maT. xevisberi asrulebs sadResaswaulo ritualebs, romelic axali wlis , anu “ welwadis “ migebebiT iwyeba da mTeli wlis manZilze grZeldeba xatoba – dReobebSi. saaxalwlod xevisberebi xatSi midian, iq wmindoben da xats Rames uTeven. roca Tenebas iwyebda, xevisberi mividoda sazaresTan, muxls moiyrida da wminda giorgis evedreb – exveweboda axali mSvidobiani wlis dayenebas, axvewebda wminda giorgis ymaT da sTxovda maTTvis Svidobasa da kac – saqonlis gamravlebas. mere adgeboda, pirjvars daiwerda, fexze qalamnebs gaixdida da windebiani didis mowiwebiT da moxaTrebiT mividoda zarTan, kidev pirjvars daiwerda da sTxovda patiebas, Tu rame Cemis uvicobiT gcodeo. mere zars samjer Camorekavda da wamovidoda darbazisaken. roca darbazis karTan mividoda, sruli siCume Camovardeboda da marto misi xma ismoda: “RmerTo da Cveno salocavo _ wyarosTav wmindao giorgio, dido kviriav xvTis maRlis mokarveo, xvTisa da kacTa Suamdgomelo, uSveleT wminda giorgis ymaTa, fexi Cemi iyos da kvali angelozisa, weli mSvidobisa dauyeneT, Tqvens xvewna – mudaras nu daukargavT, wulsa da wulis akvans umateT, wlis mosavals jvari dauwereT, Tu rame exedvebodes marcxi da faTeraki, Tqvens orgul muxanaTze gadaitaneT Tqveni saxelis Wirime“.

milocvis Semdeg saklavebs Semoiyvandnen da xevisberi yels gamosWrida. xevsureTSi saklavs yelSi wveriT gauyrida xanjals xevisberi da Signidan gareT sWrida yels, fSavSi ki pirdapir gamousvamda garedan xanjals da mere gadastexda kisris Zvals. xevsureTSi iseTi xmamaRali xmiT amwyalobnebs xevisberi, rom ver gaarCev ras ambobs, fSavSi ki xevisberi Zlivs gasagoni tkbili xmiT amwyalobnebs. xevisbersa da xevisberobaze garkveuli warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad aucilebelia mokled SevexoT im sakulto wes – Cveulebebsa da ritualebs, romlebsac isini xatobebSi asrulebdnen da dResac asruleben. fSav – xevsurebi oficialurad qristianebad iTvlebian IVs – idan, magram xatobaSi isev warmarTul wesebs asruleben. mTa Raribia qristianuli ZeglebiT. marTalia XXI saukunis gariJraJi qristianobisaken SemobrunebiT daiwyes fSav – xevsurebma, mravali eklesia aSenda, TianeTisa da fSav – xevsureTis saepiskoposoc Seiqmna patriarqis locva – kurTxeviT da TandaTan mravldeba RvTismosavi mrevli, magram aq mainc SemorCenilia warmarTuli drois xatis “

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sabrZanisebi”, sadac xalxi winaT loculobda da xatoba – dReobebs ixdida da dResac loculobs. mTielTa rwmeniT, xatebi RvTisSvilebi arian da maT RvTisgan saymo aqvT naboZebi. es xatebi odesRac xorcielni yofilan, Semdeg es madliani da ucodveli xorcielni daxocilan da angelozebad qceulano. zogierT maTgans : kopalas, iaxsars da pirquSs RvTisa da adamianebis dev – kerpebi uxociaT Turme da amisaTvis isini RmerTs daujildoebia da suliwmindebad uqcevia da ymad fSavis xevi uboZebia. amitom fSavlebi TavianT Tavs am suliwmindebadqceuli xatebis ymad Tvlian. xats Tvisi sabrZanisi aqvs, sadac is Rame zecidan CamobrZandeba da dgebao. es sabrZanisi wmindad da Seuval adgilad iTvleba, romelic muxisa da ifnis xeebiTaa daCrdiluli. sabrZanisi da misi nagebobani yoris qviT aris SemozRuduli. xats aqvs sakuTari mamuli da hyavs kultis msaxurnic, romelTa Soris pirvelia xevisberi, mas mowmindarTa Soris TviT xati irCevso. xmatkbili moubari xevisberis yofa sulierebis niSniTaa aRbeWdili: akrZalvebSi, martoobaSi, jvris patimrobaSi, gandegilobaSi gadis jvris msaxuris cxovrebis meti wili. rac ufro mniSvnelovani movaleoba akisria jvaris msaxurs, miT ufro mkacri unda iyos misi cxovrebis wesi, meti siwmindiT unda iyos mosili. xatis samsaxurisTvis is safasurs ar iRebs, mas eZleva saklavis “nasxepi“ _ naxevari cxvari Tavis Tav – fexiT, kuratis Tavi da beWi. namcxvrebidan _ qadis meoTxedi da xmiadis kverebi. saTemo xatebTan erTad fSavSi arsebobs saerTo xati, “fSavelTa salocavad“ wodebuli laSaris xati. xalxis warmodgeniT is uZleveli mxedaria, mtrisagan icavs FfSavis xevs, laSqrobis dros jars win miuZRvis da da mZleobis momcemiao. es uZleveli mxedari lurjaze zis da Tavis ymaT uxilavad dahyveba, rom gansacdelisgan daifaroso. TviTon laSaris jvars xevisberi xelmwifed moixseniebs da mis garda aravis aqvs galavanSi Sesvlis ufleba. xevisberi laSaris droSis gamobrZanebis Semdeg iwyebs xalxis damwyalobnebas, maxvewars qadas gauWris, sanTels aanTebs, yanws RviniT Seavsebs da ase dalocavs: “wmindao RmerTo, RmerTo didebulo, RmerTo Zliero, marTalo, didad saxsenebelo, qveynierebis damaarsebelo, dedaSvilobis gamCeno, mamao zeciero, Zeo zeciero, suliwmindav, idideT, iZliereT ukuniTi ukunisamde. mama zeciero, dideba da Zliereba hqondeT Sens mier wmindad nakurTx mTisa da baris salocavebs, dideba da Zliereba maT, sadac Cvens winaprebs muxli mouyriaT, wminda sanTeli aunTiaT, pirjvari gadauweriaT, qada gauWriaT, samSoblosa da ojaxisaTvis ulocniaT. gaumarjos mTisa da baris angelozebs, mTa – mTis wveris salocavebs. TuS - fSav – xevsureTis, mTiul – gudamayris, qarTl – kaxeTisa da saqarTvelos oTxiv kuTxiv mama – papaT naloc xatebs, 365 wminda giorgis gaumarjos. gaumarjos kopalas, xmala – xmlians da samarTlians, laSaris jvars, Tamar mefes, adgilisa da fuZis dedas, mTavarangelozs. xeli mogvimarTon karg saqmeze, mteri dagvimarcxon, avadmyofi mogvirCinon, kargadmyofi kargad gvimyofon, baraqa mogvcen: naxnavSi, naTesSi, nawvelSi, nadRvebSi, gvimravlon orfexi, oTxfexi, qudiani da Ciqiliani.

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vexvewebi salocavebis Zala Zlierebas, agvacilon yvela mosalodneli faTeraki, gvaSoron: agorebuli qva, adidebuli wyali, gasrolili tyvia da moqneuli xmali. gexvewebiT, dido salocavebo simSvide daamyareT saqarTveloSi, gvaswavleT Tanadgoma, Zmoba, erToba, gaamTlianeT eri erTi mizniT _ vaSenoT da vadRegrZeloT winaparTa sisxliT gapoxierebuli Cveni mamuli!” aseTi iyo mTielTa gamorCeuli lideris _ xevisberis cxovrebis wesi. is iyo Tavis xalxis brZeni damrigebeli da gulmxurvale Wirisufali, Temis zneobisa da marTali samarTlis piruTvneli msajuli. swored es srulyofileba gamoarCevda mas sxvaTagan da didi sulieri tanjvisa da ganwmendis gziT mieniWeboda “RmerTTan laparakis niWi. “es niWi, upirveles yovlisa didi siyvarulia RmerTisa da adamianebisa, siyvaruli, romelic “arasada davardis“ (I kor, 13, 18) adamians mxolod es yovlismomcveli, ukidegano siyvaruli gadaarCens, ers ki amgvar adamianTa gageba da Sewynareba. xevisberebis msgavsi pirovnebebi RmerTebiviT gvepyrobian, RmerTebiviT cxovroben dedamiwaze. maTi wasvlis Semdeg ki adamianebi ufro brZenni da ufro srulni xdebian. gamoyenebuli literaturagamoyenebuli literaturagamoyenebuli literaturagamoyenebuli literatura

1. s. makalaTia _ fSavi . Tbilisi, 1985. 2. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvebi. tomi I. Tb. 1961. 3. vaJa fSavela _ eTnografiuli werilebi, t X, 1964 4. bardaveliZe _ “aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis tradiciuli

sazogadoebriv – sakulto Zeglebi, t I. Tb 1973 xalxuri zepirsityvierebis nimuSebi Cawerilia Cems mier, TianeTis raionSi. mTqmelebi: oTar mosiaSvili, nestor SuSanaSvili (moqmedi xevisberi)

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nino endelaZenino endelaZenino endelaZenino endelaZe grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti.grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti.grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti.grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti. fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifos marTvis.fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifos marTvis.fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifos marTvis.fakulteti: samarTlisa da saxelmwifos marTvis. specialoba: samarTalmcodneoba.specialoba: samarTalmcodneoba.specialoba: samarTalmcodneoba.specialoba: samarTalmcodneoba. “iyo lideri niSnavs..."“iyo lideri niSnavs..."“iyo lideri niSnavs..."“iyo lideri niSnavs..." adamianis PfsiqikaSi lideri yvelgan da yovelTvis aRiqmeboda Dda DdakavSirebuli iyo im adamianTan, romelicDTavisi nebiT an xalxis arCeviT aRiWurveboda garkveuli uflebamosilebiT. is gezs aZlevda, ama Tu im sakiTxis gadasawyvetad garkveul adamianTa jgufs an organizacias, romelsac is xelmZRvanelobda.G lideroba pirvel rigSi dakavSirebulia did ZalauflebasTan, romliTac mas SeuZlia aiZulos sxvas gaakeTos is rasac lideri ubrZanebs da miiCnevs sworad. amasTanave unda aRiniSnos, rom lideri ar unda iyos gaigivebuli meTaurTan, romelic raRac brZanebebs iZleva. meTauri ar aris lideris prototipi. lideroba TavisTavad gulisxmobs meTaurobas, magram meTauroba ar niSnavs liderobas.L lideri, TviTaRiarebuli iqneba igi Tu xalxisgan arCeuli, yovelTvis cdilobs, erT SemTxveveSi Tavis, meore SemTxvevaSi xalxis interesebis dacvas, miznis miRwevas. cdilobs yovelTvis pasuxismgebloba aiRos Tavis Tavze, Seqmnas iseTi gundi romelsac is endoba da romelic daexmareba mas ama Tu im sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi. xolo rac Seexeba meTaurs is iniSneba vinmes mier, SeiZleba rom es piradi iniciativiTac xdebodes. xSir SemTxvevebSi meTauri xelmZRvanelobs iseT jgufs, romelic mas ar endoba anda emorCileba imitom, rom pirobiTad meTauria an viRacis daniSnuli. aseT mmarTvelebs ar gaaCniaT unari xalxze zemoqmedebisa, liderisgan gansxvavebiT. L lideri, erTpirovnuli mmarTveli iqneba igi Tu demokratiuli, pirvel SemTxvevaSi axerxebs xalxis damorCilebas CagonebiT da darwmunebiT, meore SemTxvevaSi ki-radgan is xalxisagan arCeulia gulis- xmobs xalxis pativiscemas misadmi. A aqedan gamomdinare lideri yovelTvis axerxebs xalxTan dakavSirebas, saerTo enis gamonaxvas. Mmas Semdeg rac lideri garkveulia xalxis interesebSi Tavisi gundis saSualebiT warmatebiT axerxebs sakiTxebis gadaWras. irCevs ra sazogadoeba liders aqedan gamomdinare endoba kidevac mas. sazogadoeba yovelTvis xedavs liderSi iseT pirovnebas romelic eqstremalur situaciaSi miiRebs iseT gadawyvetilebas rac umjobesi iqneba ara TavisTvis, aramed xalxisaTvis. L lideroba ar aZlevs adamians imis sababs, rom aRiWurvos SeuzRudavi uflebamosilebiT da gaakeTos is rac TviTon surs. Aam SemTxvevaSi Cven miviRebT ara liders aramed despots, romelic marTavs ama Tu im sazogadoebas, Zalis gamoyenebiT. Yyvelafris gakeTebas Tavis Tavze iRebs da ar hyavs im adamianebis jgufi romlebTanac erTad funqciebis

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Sesrulebas gainawilebs. is ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos liderad radgan ver acnobierebs Tu vin aris lideri da vin despoti mmarTveli. N namdvili lideroba mWidrod dakavSirebulia lideris cxovrebasTan. xSirad uwevs liders Tavis survilebze uaris Tqma da sxvaTa sakeTildReod zrunva. aseTi adamiani, xdeba ra xalxisagan arCeuli lideri, is acobierebs imas, Tu ra sirTuleebTan aris dakavSirebuli lideroba. is xvdeba, rom iyo lideri – niSnavs flobde gansakuTrebul Tvisebebs, gqondes inteleqti, organizaciuli niWi, oratorobis unari, SegeZlos iyo kontaqturi adamianebTan da gqondes iumoris grZnoba sabolood ki lideri xvdeba, rom mas mouwevs bevri ramis daTmoba cxovrebaSi, lideris formis mosargebad aucilebelia Cajde raRac yalibSi, romelic gulisxmobs TavisTavad SezRudvebs cxovrebaSi. xSir SemTxvevebSi liders uwevs uaris Tqma iseT rameze, romelic misTvis mniSvnelovania, magram xalxis interesebs ar Seesabameba. cxadia, yovelTvis erTi Tmobs, radgan is erTia, xolo xalxi ki bevri. zogjer is sakuTar mesac ewinaaRmdegeba. Tmobs ra lideri Tavis poziciebs, aqedan gamomodinare is xvdeba imasac, rom Tavadac ki ar aris dazRveuli Secdomebisgan. isic SeiZleba Secdes iseve, rogorc Cveulebrivi adamiani. swored amitom sWirdeba liders garSemo iseTi xalxi, romlebic miuTiTeben mas Secdomaze da urCeven sasargeblos. despoti mmarTveli ki `uazro ambiciis~ gamo Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr moqmedebs da Tundac araswori iyos misi nabiji, mainc gadadgams, radgan Tavad CaTvala sworad. Mmis mier daSvebuli Secdoma ki xalxs Zvirad ujdeba da Tavad masac. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom lideroba advili ar aris da misi ganxorcieleba did sirTuleebTan aris dakavSirebuli. Lliders uwevs Tavisi funqciebis ganxorcielebisas mTeli rigi sakiTxebis winaswar gaTvla, radgan misi Semdgomi nabiji sworad gadadagmuli gamovides. winaswar raimes gaTvaliswineba ar SeuZlia iseT adamians, romelic sxvas ar usmens, ar iziarebs sxvis azrs. ase rom, lideroba SeiZleba CavTvaloT erTeulebis niWad, radgan yvela adamiani bunebiT lideri ver iqneba. iyo lideri Zalian bevr rames niSnavs da me vTvli, rom es yvelas ar SeuZlia. yvela ver SeZlebs am funqciis Sesrulebas, ver SeZlebs zidos lideris tvirTi. Lliderobis tvirTis zidva adamainebs sxvadasxgvagvarad uwevT: zogi adamiani unda akmayofilebdes lideris yvela Tvisebas, zogi mxolod ramodenimes, zogs ki sul ar awuxebs is, rom masSi lideris Tvisebebi naklebad aris. isini ukeT igrZnoben Tavs, Tu nakleb pasuxismgeblobas aiReben sakuTar Tavze. maT ara aqvT pretenzia liderobaze da ar cdiloben misTvis brZolas. adamiani sazogadoebis yvela sferoSi erTnairad ver iqneba lideri, magram man unda icodes, Tu vis romel sferoSi daavalos sakiTxebis mogvareba. amrigad, ikveTeba lideris moqmedebis mTavari mizani, moagvaros is sakiTxebi, romlebic mis winaSe dgas da Seasrulos is movaleoba, rac mas xalxma daakisra. imisaTvis, rom lideri mzad iyos xalxis winamZRolobisaTvis, aucilebelia man jer Tavis TavSi aRmoaCinos lideris is Tvisebebi, romelic mas Wirdeba sakuTari Tavis Sesacnobad. Man unda Seafasos Tavis SesaZlebloblebi da ukve Semdeg moxdeba misi liderad Camoyalibeba.

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imisaTvis, rom adamianma moaxerxos liderad Camoyalibeba, unda gaiTavisos, Tu risTvis unda iyos pirveli da ra funqcia ekisreba mas. rom gavigoT, ra rols TamaSobs is sazogadoebaSi, unda CamovayaliboT is funqciebi, romelic aucilebelia liderobisTvis:

1. lideri sazogadoebaSi ar unda iyos erTpirovnuli, winaaRmdeg

SemTxvevaSi is ubralod ver iqneba lideri. iseT adamians, romelmac Segnebulad icis, Tu ras niSnavs iyo lideri, Tavis garSemo aucileblad yavs iseTi gundi, romelsac endoba, is mas avalebs ama Tu im sakiTxis mogvarebas. ismis kiTxva: amiT lideri xom ar kargavs Tavis statuss, Tavis Zalauflebas? – ara, yovelive aqedan Cans misi is Zala, romelsac SeuZlia adamianebis uCinrad damorCileba da daqvemdebareba. Aamrigad lideris pirveli funqcia aris is, rom hyavdes kargad organizebuli gundi.

2. lideris meore funqciad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rom unda iyos damoukidebeli da gadawyvetilebis miRebisas pativs unda scemdes sxvis azrs, magram mas SeuZlia agreTve ar gaiTavliswinos. Llideri ar unda iyos manqana, romelsac sxva marTavs.

3. lideris funqciaa gacilebiT meti itvirTos Tavis Tavze. mas Tavisi TvalTaxedviT SeuZlia agreTve iseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebac, romelsac sazogadoeba mxars ar dauWers. garkveuli drois Semdeg ki sazogadoeba xedavs, rom gadawyvetileba sworia, Tumca ar gamovricxav imas, rom SeiZleba manac dauSvas Secdoma. Cemi azriT, liders ar aqvs Secdomis ufleba, magram isic gaviTavliswinoT, rom Seumcdari aravin aris, lideric Cveulebrivi adamiania, Tumca gaaCnia Secdomis xarisxs da mis Sedegebs...

4. lideris funqciaa xalxTan hqondes Ria damokidebuleba. adamianebs unda misces imis saSualeba, rom gamoTqvan TavianTi azri, kargi Tu cudi. Limas ar unda hyavdes xalxi fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebis qveS. (Tumca gaaCnia SemTxvevebs...)

5. SeiZleba agreTve ganvmartoT demokrati da avtoritaruli lideris funqciebi. Ddemokrati lideris funqcias warmoadgens yovelive zemoaRniSnuls, imis damatebiT, rom demokrati lideri imis valdebulic aris, ganmuxtos jgufis SigniT arsebuli daZabulobebi da miiRos saTanado gadawyvetileba. Yyovelive amis Semdeg is imsaxurebs did ndobas da pativiscemas.

6. rac Seexeba avtoritarul liders, is yoveTvis cdilobs, hyavdes gundi, sadac sxvadasxvanairi Sexedulebebia da adamianebi erTmaneTs upirispirdebian, xSirad aris kamaTi da SeuTanxmebloba, rac aZlevs mas imis saSualebas, rom ganaxorcielos Tavisi saqmeebi. aqedan gamomdinare, avtoritaruli lideris moqmedebis mizans warmoadgens principi: “gaTiSe da ibatone”, misi funqciaa yovelive is, rac winaaRmdegobaSi modis demokratiuli lideris funqciebTan, kerZod: kargi gundis araraseboba, erTpirovnuloba, sazogadoebaze fsiqologiuri Tu Zaladobrivi zemoqmedeba, pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan acileba da naklebi urTierToba xalxTan. adamiani xdeba ra lideri, is xvdeba, rom Tavisi funqciebis ganxorcielebiT garkveulwilad raRac misias asrulebs xalxis winaSe, romelic aucilebelia Tavisi da agreTve xalxis keTildReobisaTvis. adamiani xdeba ra pirveli is xvdeba, rom raRaciT gamorCeulia

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xalxisagan da raRac gansakuTrebuli unari aqvs. Ees ar aZlevs mas imis saSualebas, rom borotad gamoiyenos yovelive es. amitom me vTvli, rom adamiani lideri, yvela droSi aucilebelia da yvela dros hyavs kidec. aris liderebis kategoria, romelic pirvelobas gamoxatavs imiT, rom qveynis saTaveSi dgas, zogierTi adamiani ki aris faruli lideri, romelic mxolod maSin Cndeba, roca Tavis qveyanas Wirdeba. faruli lideri gamovlenili iqneba imisda mixedviT, Tu ramdenad uWirs qveyanas. imisaTvis, rom man moaxerxos Tavis funqciebis da miznebis ganxorcieleba, igi garkveuli unda iyos Tavis SesaZleblobebSi. garkveuli unda iyos imaSi, Tu rogor ganaxorcielebs ama Tu im funqcias, rogor uxelmZRvanelebs sazogadoebas. lideri dajildovebuli unda iyos gansakuTrebuli TvisebebiT, rac mas gamoarCevs sxva adamianebisgan. es niSnavs imas, rom lideroba dabadebidanve Tan dahyves adamians. es iseTi gansakuTrebuli Tvisebaa, romelsac erTeulebi gamoimuSaveben cxovrebis manZilze. SeiZleba agreTve, rom es niWi RvTisganac gqondes boZebuli. SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom lideroba xSirad ar aZlevs adamians Tavisuflad moqmedebis saSualebas da garkveulwilad borkavs mas. amitom iyo lideri niSnavs SeeWido rTul problemebs, romlebic exeba sazogadoebas da romlis gadaWrasac moiTxovs xalxi liderisgan. aqedan ikveTeba misi mizani, romelic mdgomareobs SemdegSi: man ar unda daiviwyos is ris gamoc airCia xalxma da aRiara liderad, risTvisac daimsaxura xalxis ndoba, amitom man TiToeuli nabiji didi dakvirvebiT unda gadadgas, radgan mas xalxi endoba da mis yvela gadawyvetilebas eTanxmeba, amitom marTebs didi sifrTxile. SeiZleba erTi mcdari nabijiT daRupos is yvelaferi, rac daxvda da rasac miaRwia. me vfiqrob rom lideris fenomeni jer kidev bolomde ver aRiqva sazogadoebam, ver gaiTavisa is sirTuleebi, romelSic liders uwevs cxovreba. xalxi miiCnevs, rom lideri unda iyos Seumcdari da absoluturad unaklo. sazogadoeba Znelad aRiqvams, rom is adamiania da aqvs adamianuri miswrafebebi. rogoria lideri Tavis realur cxovrebaSi?! adamianebis umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom lideris ojaxuri da piradi cxovreba sruliad mowesrigebulia, radgan is pirvelia da sxvanairad arc SeiZleba iyos. realoba ki xSir SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebulia. liders, rogorc Cveulebriv pirovnebas, SeiZleba hqondes pirad cxovrebaSi daZabulobebi, hyavdes Svilebi da hqondes maTTan problemebi. es yvelaferi SeiZleba arsebobdes lideris cxovrebaSi, magram sazogadoeba ver xedavdes amas, radgan mas Seswevs imis Zala, rom misma piradma cxovrebam gavlena ar moaxdinos mis sazogadoebriv moRvaweobaze. aseTi lideri imiT gansxvavdeba sazogadoebis sxva wevrebisgan, rom ojaxs gareT is ver moiqceva ise, rogorc sazogadoebis nebismieri warmomadgeneli. xSirad liderebs enatrebaT sruli Tavisufleba magram es Tavisufleba ara aqvT. surT gaTavisufldnen yovelive amisgan, magram TiTqos xma CasZaxiT – Sen movale xar, es gevaleba da

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Sens meti veravin gaakeTebs! – da swored es axSobs Tavisuflebis survils. yovelive aqedan kidev erTxel Cans da mtkicdeba, rom lideroba namdvilad ar aris advili. am yovelives imisaTvis vambob, rom qveyanaSi yovelTvis arseboben iseTi adamianebi, romlic ewinaaRmdegebian yvelaferSi ama Tu im liders. Aase imitom xdeba, rom xSir SemTxvevebSi aseT adamianebs ara aqvT unari, rom mTlianad Seafason lideris cxovreba da sruli analizi gaukeTon mas an Tavad surT lideroba, magram ar gamosdiT. maT rom SeeZloT imis danaxva Tu ra pasuxismgebloba, valdebuleba ekisreba da garkveul survilebze uwevs uaris Tqma liders, maSin misi mowinaaRmdegeebi ki ara momxreebi iqnebodnen. swored esaa adamianebis erT-erTi problema, romelic ar aZlevs maT imis saSualebas, rom mowinaaRmdege anu lideri ara marto Seafason aramed gansazRvron misi roli da funqcia sazogadoebaSi. liders yovelTvis hyavs mteri, radgan, rodesac pirveli adamiani xar yvelas Surs Seni. Aar SeiZleba, rom Surma sZlios pirovnebaSi yovelive adamianurs da daamarcxos igi. ar arsebobs dResdReobiT lideri arcerT qveyanaSi, romelsac mTeli sazogadoeba aRiarebdes an yvela ewinaaRmdegebodes, am sazogadoebaSi mainc aRmoCndeba erTi da ori romelic yovelTvis SeewinaaRmdegeba liders. advilia winaaRmdegobaSi moxvide adamianTan, romelsac mniSvnelovan funqcias akisrebs xalxi. rogorc viciT Secdomas yvela uSvebs. im gansxvavebiT, rom liders Zalian cota Secdomis daSvebis ufleba aqvs. mis mier Cadenil Secdomas mowinaaRmdege yovelTvis xedavs da SeuZlia es mis sawinaaRmdegod gamoiyenos. advilia Secdomis danaxva vidre mcdeloba misi gamosworebisa. Tu sazogadoebas swams lideris im dros, rodesac is Secdomas uSvebs sazogadoeba cdilobs Secdoma gamoasworebinos. Aam SemTxvevaSi WeSmariti lideri ar jiutobs da ar cdilobs Tavisis gatanas, is sTxovs xalxs daumtkicos da daanaxos is raSic scdeba. mas Semdeg rac sazogadoeba daanaxebs liders Tavisi qmedebis uayofiT mxareebs, is mixvdeba Tavis Secdomas da ar SeeSindeba aRiareba, is ar SeuSindeba sazogadoebas da imas, rom Tavisi poziciis dacviT misi Zalaufleba da gavlena daecema. Bbil roTi ambobs, rom “vinc Tavis TavSi grZnobs Zalas akeTos ukeT mas ar eSinia sakuTari Secdomis aRiarebisa”. Cveni mizania, rom dRevandel viTarebaSi aRvmovfxvraT problema, romelic exeba lideris saqmianobis Seufaseblobas da daunaxaobas. Cven movalni varT adamianebs vaswavloT lideris daSvebuli Secdomis gamosworeba da ara mis winaaRmdeg amxedreba. xalxma masTan erTad unda scados Secdomis gamosworeba. adamiani aris ra lideri yovelnairad cdilobs Seasrulos is misia rac xalxis winaSe itvirTa. amisaTvis mas didi Zalisxmeva uwevs da faqtiurad daZabulad cxovrobs radgan acnobierebs Tu ras niSnavs iyo lideri. Aarseboben, rogorc vTqviT, iseTi liderebi, romelTaTvisac es yvelaferi ucnobia. Aar ician agreTve Tu ras niSnavs sifrTxile, rom

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Secdoma ar dauSvan. es magaliTi da tipia iseTi liderebisa, romelTaTvisac pirveloba aris sazogadoebis mwvervali da maTTvis mTavari mxolod am mwvervalze asvlaa. Ees zogjer isea gamjdari maT gonebaSi, rom pirad ambiciadac gadaiqceva, am ambiciis miRwevisaTvis isini iyeneben nebismier saSualebas da ar iTvaliswineben sxva movlenebs. maTTvis mizani amarTlebs nebismier saSualebas. lideri warmoadgens iseT adamians, romelic mTeli sicocxlis manZilze Tu sazogadoebam ar uaryo, ibrZolos im miznis miRwevisaTvis, risTvisac is sazogadoebis rCeuli gaxda. liders sxvadasxva sferoSi amoZravebs erTi ram, patiosnad moixados is vali rac itvirTa sazogadoebis winaSe. ganvixiloT sakiTxi, romelic exeba dRevandelobaSi lideris Camoyalibebas. ra aris dRes imisaTvis saWiro, rom adamiani Camoyalibdes liderad? am kiTxvis pasuxi TiTqmis mTeli es msjelobaa da amas met-naklebad gaveci pasuxi. Mme minda erTi ram davamato Cem naTqvams, imisaTvis, rom adamianSi gaiRviZos liderma, mas unda hqondes momavlis rwmena, rwmena uflisa da xalxisa; pirvel rigSi ki sakuTari Tavisa. Ees aris faqtiurad ConCxi liderisa xolo sxva danarCeni ki avsebs da srulyobs mas. Znelia ilaparako imaze ramdenad aucilebelia dRevandelobaSi adamiani lideri, im situaciidan gamomdinare romelSiac Cven gviwevs cxovreba vxvdebi, rom miuxedavad sazogadoebis ganviTarebisa da winsvlisa, dRes lideri mxolod saWiro ki ar aris, aramed aucilebelia da arseboben kidevac iseTi adamianebi, romlebic asruleben am funqcias. faqtiurad isini warmoadgenen adamianebs, romlebsac xalxi endoba da aZlevs uflebas, rom es tvirTi itvirTon. Cvens sazogadoebaSic arseboben dResdReobiT lideris mowinaaRmdegeebi, rogorc vxvdebi isini sakmaod energiulad cdiloben TavianTi poziciebis win wamowevas. marTali rom vTqva ver vxvdebi da ar mesmis Tu risTvis qmnian winaaRmdegobebs, rodesac maTi mtkicebulebebi usafuZvloa da mavanTaTvis miuRebeli, Tumca SeiZleba viaRacasTvis misaRebi. Aase Tu ise, isinic xom cxovroben im sazogadoebaSi, romlis problemebs lideri agvarebs. magram erTi ram unda iTqvas da vecdebi mokled gadmovce goeTes sityvebiT:’’ energiul umecrebaze saSineli araferia amqveynad.’’ opoziciuri Zalebis arseboba yvela droSi, Tu lideri WeSmaritia da sazogadoebis rCeuli, es problemas ar warmoadgens. aseTi Zalebis arseboba xels uwyobs imas, rom lideri ufro kritikulad uyurebs mis mier warmoebul saqmeebs. Aam kritikiT is xedavs xolme Tu ras akeTebs is sworad da ras ara. Ee.i. es mowinaaRmdege Zala exmareba mas Tavisi sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobis periodSi esa Tu is saqme warmatebiT moagvaros. A amrigad adamiani iyo lideri Zalian bevrs niSnavs da me vecade, rom am bevridan minimumi mainc meTqva, ra Tqma unda es yvelaferi Cemi azria da SeiZleba amaze meti Tqvas vinmem liderze me mxolod Cemi gadasaxedidan davinaxe Tu rogori SeiZleba iyos lideri da ras

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niSnavs iyo is. SeZlebisdagvarad, albaT, kidevac gagagebineT Tu ras vfiqrob liderze da rogori minda dRevandelobaSi lideris fenomeni, SeZlebisdagvarad, daganaxeT sazogadoebis roli lideris cxovrebaSi da piriqiT, lideris roli sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. Sevecade gadmomeca antipodi liderisa, is magaliTi, romelic CemTvis miuRebelia. agreTve vTqvi lideris mowinaaRmdegeebis Sesaxeb, romelTa naklebobas namdvilad arasdros ganicdida sazogadoebam. ramdenad gamomivida ar vici yovel SemTxvevaSi Tu araferi, xom Sevecade mainc amis gakeTebas. danarCeni Tqven SeafaseT...

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revaz sexniaSvilirevaz sexniaSvilirevaz sexniaSvilirevaz sexniaSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiuniversiuniversiuniversiteti. fakulteti: politikur da socialur teti. fakulteti: politikur da socialur teti. fakulteti: politikur da socialur teti. fakulteti: politikur da socialur mecniermecniermecniermecniereeeebaTa.baTa.baTa.baTa. specialoba: saerTaSoriso urTierTobebispecialoba: saerTaSoriso urTierTobebispecialoba: saerTaSoriso urTierTobebispecialoba: saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi “lideris fenomeni muslimur samyaroSi"“lideris fenomeni muslimur samyaroSi"“lideris fenomeni muslimur samyaroSi"“lideris fenomeni muslimur samyaroSi" lideri, es iseTi fenomeni aris, romlis gareSec warmoudgenelia samyaros ganviTareba. kacobriobis dasabamidan dRemde liderebs gansakuTrebuli funqcia ekisraT mocemul saxelmwifosa da mocemul epoqaSi. istoriulad lideris gansakuTrebuli saxe Camoyalibda aziaSi, razec SemdgomSi udidesi gavlena iqonia religiam. dResdReisobiT 21-e saukuneSi, globalizaciis epoqaSi, lideris gansakuTrebuli saxe Seiqmna, gansakuTrebiT ki Tanamedrove muslimur samyaroSi. masSi mravali faqtoris da mravali urTierTgamomricxavi gzis gadakveTa moxda. sanam uSuald konkretul, tipiur muslimur liderebze daviwyebdeT saubars, albaT upriani iqneba mokle eqskursiT mimovixiloT dRevandeli muslimuri samyaro da vnaxoT ra garemo pirobebSi moRvaweoben es adamianebi, vinaidan yoveli adamiani, yoveli lideri droTa ganmavlobaSi Seesisxlxorceba xolme amaTuim socialur garemos. dRevandeli muslimuri samyaro gamoirCeva mWidro erTianobiT, risi ZiriTadi ganmapirobebeli faqtoric maTi religia aris. aseve aRniSvnis Rirsia navTobi, rogorc saSualeba da berketi dasavleTze zemoqmedebisa. dRevandel islamur samyaros cxovrbaSi uprecedentod ereva aSS. avRaneTsa da eraySi ganxorcielebuli saomari operaciebis saxiT, rasac Sesabamisi winaaRmdegobac mosdevs yvela sxva qveynis mxridan. islamuri saxelmwifoebi ZiriTadad, mkveTri dapirispirebebiT gamoirCeva qristiani mosaxleobis da qveynebis mimarT da am metad daZabul garemoSi uwevT cxovreba iq arsebul sazogadoebebs. aranaklebi aRniSvnis Rirsia erTi metad mniSvnelovani niSan-Tviseba. is, rom am qveynebis ZiriTadi nawili vahabituri ideologiis matarebeli gaxlavT. aqve unda aRiniSnos is, rom sakuTriv islamis mimdevari adamianebi oTx nawilad iyofa: konservator vahabitebad, neokonservatorebad, zomier liberalebad da Siitur opoziciad. gansakuTrebiT es aisaxeba saudis arabeTze.Qqveyanaze, romelic Zalian xSirad gavleniani teroristuli jgufebis xelmZRvanelTa mSobeli gaxlavT da TiTqmis yvela ZiriTad SemTxvevaSi pirveli liderobda xolme sxvadasxva radikalur dapirispirebebs. miuxedavad am yvelafrisa, mainc SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es msofliosaTvis saSiSi “islamuri manqana” garkveulwilad korozias ganicdis, risi dadasturebac gaxlavT, yirgizeTSi momxdari revolucia, rac dasavleTis triumfalur gamarjvebad SeiZleba iqnes aRqmuli da seriozul, Sorsmimaval geopolitikur miznebze akeTebdes miniSnebas. islamuri saxelmwifoebi xSirad exmarebian erTmaneTs rogorc moralurad ise materialurad, rac sxvadasxva teroristi liderebis dafinansebaSi da didZali iaraRis miwodebaSi gamoixateba.magaliTisaTvis SegviZlia moviyvanoT Semdegi faqti: saudis arabeTidan 1995 wels CeCenma savele meTaurma joxar dudaevma miiRo finansuri daxmareba aTi milioni aSS dolaris odenobiT, romelic oficialurad Segrovil iqna axlo aRmosavleTis CeCnuri diasporisa da gavleniani teroristuli moZraobis mier. amave periodSi saudis arabeTidan, pakistanidan, iordaniidan miRebuli finansebiT xdeboda

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islamur-provahabisturi batalionis “jamaaTis” dafinanseba. Tanamedrove samyaroSi warmoudgenelia iyo lideri da ar flobde finansur kapitals, rac muslimur qveynebSi albaT erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria gavlenis mosapoveblad, magram yvelaze mniSvnelovani kriteriumi, aRmosavleli liderisaTvis mainc rCeba misi religiurobis done, misi damokidebuleba islamisadmi. amis naTeli dadasturebaa albaT isic, rom yvela lideri moqmedebs islamis saxiT, es SeiZleba arcki yofiliyo mniSvnelovani magram TviTon muslimur sazogadoebaSi sakmaod didia religiuri aspeqtebis, simboloebis da im adamianebis gavlena, romelnic dReniadag islamis dacvaze apelireben. yvelaze mZlavr piariaraRad aseTi tipis lideris xelSi mainc religia rCeba, rasac Zalian xSirad religiur da eTnikur SuRlamde mivyavarT. liderisaTvis yvelaze “saWiro” niSan-Tviseba albaT aris qarizma, radgan aRmosavlur sazogadoebaSi qarizmatuli lideris gamosvlebsa Tu mimarTvebs sakmaod didi gavlenis mopoveba SeuZlia, liders rogorc aRvniSneT religiurobis maRali done unda gaaCndes, aranakleb mniSvnelovania sulier liderebTan damokidebuleba da kargi kontaqti, maTTan erTad gamoCena xalxSi, sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi da sxva. Semdeg ukve emociuri gamosvlebis mTeli talRa. Tvali rom gadavavloT aseTi liderebis mimarTvabs, yuradRebas miipyrobs erTi mniSvnelovani ram, yvela gamosvla iwyeba da mTavrdaba alahis saxelis didebiT da islamis dacvisaken daJinebuli mowodebebiT. es arcTu advilad xelwamosakravi mizezia im sakiTxSi rasac hqvia xalxisa da masebis ndobis mandati am liderebisadmi. Zalian bevri `vahabiti lideri~ SeiZleba ubralod saxelmwifo politikis gamgrZeblad iqnes miCneuli. erT-erT aseT liders miekuTvneba jemal ad-dina al-afgani. is panislamizmis mqadagebeli lideri iyo, swored man Camoayaliba “musliman erTa religiur-politikuri gerTianebis” idea. (vahabizmic da panislamizmic am orive mimdinarobas sakmaod mravalricxovani mimdevari hyavs dResdReobiT kosmopolitikuri mimdinareobaa). risi mTavri mizanic iyo antikoloniuri moZraobis agoreba da mis liderebs specsamsaxurebi “qmnidnen”, aranaklebi roli rus specsamsaxurebsac miuZRviT. sxvaTa Soris yvelasaTvis cnobili adamianebi rogorc iyo palestinis ganmanTavisuflebeli moZraobis lideri iasir arafati. man swored ruseTidan daiwyo politikuri moZraobis, da aseve sxvadasxva teroristuli organizaciebis uzrunvelyofa fuliTa da iaraRiT. es warmoadgenda ruseTisa da amerikis farul Tu Ria brZolis gamoxatulebas, vinaidan israeli warmoadganda aSS-s placdarms, rac dResdReisobiTac grZeldeba. iasir arafati Tavisi SegnebiTa da ideologiiT fundamentalist liders warmoadgenda, rac Sesabamisad aisaxeboda kidec mis saqmianobaSi. fundamentalisturi mimarTuleba gamoirCeva agresiulobiT da samxedro orientaciis maRali maCvenebliT. misi ZiriTadi kredo Semdegnairad warmogvidgeba: ,,sufTa islamis eqsporti”. mocemuli mimarTulebis geopolitikur areals warmoadgens islamuri samyaros marginaluri tipis saxelmwifoebi, sudani, avRaneTi, irani da sxva. yvelaze Zlieri moZraoba am mimarTulebiT da aramarto am mimarTulebiT aris moZraoba ,,Talibani”. romlis aseve yvelaze warmatebuli lideri iasir arafati iyo. saerTod am adamianis pirovnebis gamoyeneba lideris Temaze sasaubrod albaT idealuria.

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aseTi adamianebisaTvis erT-erTi ,,kargad gamoyenebadi” Tviseba pirovnuli ubraloeba gaxlavT. mas xalxi iyvarebs da mis saxels ficulobs. ris gamo? misi maRali religiuri rwmenis, Tavmdablobis, masebTan kargi urTierTobis da Tavdadebis gamo. aranaklebad saWiro Tvisebaa pirovnuli safrTxeebis daZleva da gambedaoba, radganac amis damnaxavi xalxi garkveulwilad monis fsiqologiis morCili xdeba da usityvod emorCileba liders. Cven uamravi adamiani gvinaxavs televiziiT, romlebic iasir arafats sicocxles swiravdnen da rac igivdeboda alahisaTvis Tavis gawirvasTan. mas xalxi aRiqvamda alahis warmomadgenlad dedamiwaze. dRes, rodesac gardacvlili aris es pirovneba, mTeli palestinuri, da aramarto palestinuri sazogadoeba, cdilobs ibrZolos teroristuli aqtebiT da arafatis anderZi ierusalimis Sesaxeb aRasrulos. (man daibara, rom palestinis miwa misi droebiTi saflavia da rom sabolood is ierusalimSi unda gadaasvenon). aseve SeiZleba arsebobdes lideris ori tipi: erTi vinc uSualod asrulebs da kontaqti aqvs terorist mebrZolebTan da meore, romelic afinansebs, anu realuri mmarTveli Zala. magaliTad, rogorc rusuli specsamsaxurebi aRniSnaven CeCeni savele meTauri Samil basaevi aris Semsrulebeli da mis ukan gacilebiT seriozuli Zalebi dganan, aseve Semsrulebeli aris cnobili teroristi al-zarkavi. muslim liderTa mTavari da ZiriTadi dasayrdeni SeiZleba iyos kapitali, fuli. dResdReisobiT yvelaze didi kapitali sanavTobe biznesSi brunavs, amitomac gasakviri ar aris teroristebis gacxovelebuli interesi am sferosadmi. Zalian xSiria, mraval sxvadasxva arsebul sanavTobe kompaniis saTaveSi teroristi da fundamentalisti liderebis kargi megobrisa Tu axlo naTesavis mosvla. sxvaTaSoris ramdenadac paradoqsulad ar unda JRerdes, droa Tavis motyuebis poziciidan gamovideT da vaRiaroT erTi arcTu sasiamovno faqti: cnobili teroristi usama-ben-ladeni kavkasiis sanavTobe biznesiT aris dainteresebuli. amave zonaSi moqmedebs cnobili teroristuli lideri xatabic, romelic saudis arabeTis moqalaqea da misi meTaurobiT sxvadasxva dajgufebebi akontroleben baqo-grozno-novorosiiskis navTob magistralis CeCneTze gamavali teritoriis ZiriTad monakveTs. Tavismxriv ZiriTadi vahabituri centrebi am navTobsadenis siaxloves mdebareoben. CeCneTis omis drosac sakmao raodenobis mebrZolebi da savele maTaurebi (ZiriTadad Semsruleblebi) iqnen mobilizebulni kavkasiaSi. lideris sakmaod gaurkveveli tipi gvxvdeba sadam huseinis pirovnebis gacnobisas. rogorc cnobilia sadam huseini sakmaod Rarib ojaxSi dabadebula da erT dros mwyemsic ki yofila. sxvaTa Soris huseini iyo erT-erTi pirveli, romelmac garkveulwilad xeli Seuwyo islamuri samyaros erTianobis rRvevas, rac gamoixata Tavisdroze kuveitze ganxorcielebul samxedro TavdasxmaSi, rasac sakmaod didi rezonansi mohyva TviTon saudis arabeTis mxridanac ki. huseini iyo sakmaod mkacri da Seuwynarebeli, misi eraySi liderobis periodSi Cveulebriv movlenad iyo qceuli adamianebis masobrivi xocva-Jleta, daxvreta. is aseve, radikali iyo suniti mosaxleobis mimarT da aranaklebi sisastikiT gamoirCevoda qurTebis mimarTac, romelTaganac erayis CrdiloeT nawili aris dasaxlebuli. is xSirad awyobda samxedro aRlumebs da xSirad emuqreboda demokratiul samyaros. Tamamad

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SiZleba iTqvas, rom huseini sicocxles uswrafebda yvelas vinc mas ar scemda Tayvans, am sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT. qveyana mofenili iyo sadamis ZeglebiTa da SaravandediT garSemortymuli suraTebiT. huseini aseve anebivrebda Tavis Svilebs, romlebic aranaklebi mtarvali adamianebi arian mamasTan SedarebiT. mas Semdeg rac koaliciurma jarebma erayis reJimis demontaJi moaxdines, naTlad gamoCnda sazogadoebis orazrovani damokidebuleba sadam huseinis mimarT. erTi nawili Tavidanve sixaruliT Sexvda am faqts, xolo meore nawili ki dRemde agrZelebs brZolas koaliciuri jarebis mimarT. Tvali rom gadavavloT sadam huseinis cxovrebis etapebs, mis qcevebsa Tu moqmedebebs, SeiZleba eWvic ki SevitanoT isfsiqologiur gawonasworebu- lobaSi. igi sakmaod araprognozirebadi xasiaTis da bunebis mqone lideri iyo, SeiZleba romelime misi ministri fexze droulad ver wamomdgariyo da is da misi ojaxi, SeZleba naTesavebic ki sastikad daesaja. dRemde gamocanad rCeba ra gansazRvravda mis aseT saqciels, misi buneba Tu religiur-fundamentalisturi ganwyobilebebi. mas sakmaod kargi urTierTibebi hqonda sulier liderebTan, TumcaRa Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maTi azrebis mosmena Tu maTTan Sexvedra mxolod Cveulebrivi formaloba iyo, vinaidan is gulisTqmas ayolili lideri iyo, moqmedebda ise rogorc mas moesurveboda. sazogadoeba SeiZleba komformizmis xasiaTis mqone aRmoCndes da Seeguos reJims ise, rom sityva ar dascdes, rac SemdgomSi aseve mas ubrundeba savalalo formebiT. rogorc Cans TurqmeneTis mosaxleoba da xalxi (maT sazogadoebas veranairad ver vuwodebT) aRmoCnda monis fsiqologiis idealuri matarebeli. maT hyavT lideri TurqmenbaSis meTaurobiT, romelic xandaxan komikur personaJs ufro emsgavseba xolme. man gamosca kerZebis wigni da rac yvelaze aRmaSfoTebelia (sasaciloc) kviris dReebsac ki ojaxis wevrebis saxelebi daarqva. faqtobrivad ar arsebobs sasamarTlo da yvelaferi mxolod erTi adamianis xelSi aris moqceuli. msgavsad erayisa aqac mofenilia mTeli qveyana TurqmenbaSis ZeglebiTa da portretebiT. rac TavisTavad ramodenime aTeuli wliT CamorCenilobaze metyvelebs. magram miuxedavad am yvelafrisa mainc Znelia gadaWriT iTqvas im Sida Tu gare faqtorebze, riTac es damianebi ixangrZliveben reJims amdeni xnis gamavlobaSi. gare faqtorebidan aRniSvnis Rirsia da metad mniSvnelovania ucxo qveynis specsamsaxurebi, vinaidan aseTi tipis liderebi yovelTvis awyobs romelime qveyanas da maTi saqmianoba romelime Zlieri saxelmwifos wisqvilze asxams wyals. amis Sesaxeb raTqma unda informirebulni arian “damxmare” saxelmwifos liderebi da Sesabamisad garkveul saerTaSoriso daxmarebasac uweven. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aseTi qveyana aris ruseTi, rac mraval faqtorSi gamoixateba da raze saubaric Sors wagviyvans. am liderTa saqmianoba (terorist liderTa) ZiriTadad aris terorizmi. am nabijs isini amarTleben qveynis daxmarebis motiviT da yvelaze mniSvnelovani, alahis samsaxuriT. teroristi liderebisaTvis damaxasiTebelia radikalizmi, radikaluri da muqaris Semcveli gancxadebebi amerikisa da evropis mimarT. 2001 wels 11 seqtemberma, dRem romelmac Seucvala kalapoti msoflio politikur procesebs, udidesi gavlena iqonia terorizmis da radikal liderebTan brZolis saqmeSi. saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba bevrad

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impulsuri gaxda teroristebis mfarveli qveynebisa da e.w. Savi xvrelebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. logikurad mivdivarT im sakiTxamde rasac hqvia dasavluri sazogadoebis damokidebuleba islamuri saxelmwifoebis mimarT. Tavidanve SeiZleba iTqvas is, rom sakmaod skeptikurad arian evropelebi maT mimarT ganwyobilni. TurqeTi, romelic evrokavSiris kandidati qveyanaa, mxolod imitom ver xdeba erTiani evropis wevri, rom is aris muslimani qveyana. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom germania da safrangeTi pirdapir blokavs TerqeTis evropaSi gaerTianebas. bolo dros safrangeTsa da evropis sxva qveynebSi momxdari masobrivi areulobebi, romlebic emigrantma muslimanebma ganaxorcieles da romelic Tavidan bolomde adgilobrivi musliman avtorite- tebisgan imarTeboda, kidev ufro cudad aisaxeba dasavleTisa da aziis urTierTobebze. maTi dapirispireba SeiZleba iTqvas, rom civilizaciur sawyisebze aris aRmocenebuli. aRmosavleTi cdilobs Tavi daicvas demokratiisagan, romelic sul ufro mZlavrad utevs mas da aseve dasavleTi cdilobs aicilos muslimanuri safrTxe, rac TavisTavad kidev ufro did safrTxes uqmnis mas. es dapirispireba kidev ufro mwvave gamovlinebebs hpovebs maSin rodesac saqmeSi aw ukve naxsenebi religia erTveba da romlis ZiriTadi ganmaxorcieleblebic ucxo qveynis specsamsaxurebi da gavleniani sulieri liderebi arian. Cven viciT mTeli rigi SeiaraRebuli gamosvlebi erayis sulieri lideris mula omaris meTaurobiT. mula omari, romelic Cveulebrivi ojaxis Svili iyo sakmaod didi gavlenis mopoveba moaxerxa jer kidev axalgazrdobis dros. rogorc erT-erTi rusuli internet gamocema Tavis saarqivo masalebidan gvamcnobs mula omari ideologiuri omis erT-erTi ideologi iyo indoeTis winaaRmdeg. eraySi is advilad moergo sadam huseinis Zaladobriv reJims da erayeli mamis sulieri mamoba ikisra. igi bolomde icavda sadam huseins da Tavis yvela gamosvlaSi islamur samyaros jihadisken (saRvTo omi, rodesac TiToeuli islamuri qveyana erTiandeba saerTo mtris winaaRmdeg) mouwodebda. bolo xanebSi eraySi ganviTarebulma movlenebma cxadyo, rom am liderebis gavlenas jerovnad ver afasebdnen TeTr saxlSi. eraySi gamarTul saprotesto mitingebSi pirvel planze swored mula omaris potretebiT mosiarule axalgazrdebi gamoCndnen, rogorc popularuli franguli internet gamocema gvamcnobs. (iberty.fr) gamoricxuli ar aris dResdReisobiT eraySi moqmedi partizanebi am adamianis mier iyvnen marTulni. aranaklebad didi mniSvnelobis mqone lideri gaxlavT dRevandeli iranis islamuri respublikis prezidenti, romlis mniSvneloba dRes gacilebiT metia vidre Tundac iasir arafatis an sadam huseinis. misma gancxadebam, rom israeli unda ,,aRigavos pirisagan miwisa” Tavdayira daayena msoflio politika. evropis liderebi erTgvarad dabneulnic ki aRmoCndnen iranis prezidentis am emociuri gancxadebis gamo. miTumetes mas Semdeg, rac Riad daafiqsira azri birTvul iaraRze muSaobis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb. iranis prezidenti, romelic Riad da aSkarad mouwodebs yvela islamis mimdevars brZolisaken, Tavadac sakmaod did ZirgamomTxrel kampanias eweva dasavleTis zegavlenis mosacileblad. es gaxlavT sakmaod emociuri da ara pnognozirebadi lideri, rac yvelaze saSiSia dasavleTisaTvis. albaT, misi araprognozirebadobis SiSi iqneba is erT-erTi mizezi ris gamoc amerika avRaneTsa Tu erayis msgavs operaciebs iranSi ganaxorcielebs, Tumca am metad rTuli sakiTxisadmi gadawyvetiT ramis Tqma Seuferebeli iqneba. yvelaze mTavari aris is,

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rom am adamians sazogadoeba endoba da misi sjera. is sakmaod maRali ndobis mandatiT movida xelisuflebaSi. misi esmis iranis mosaxleobas, es ukanaskneli ki aris, Tu ara erTaderTi, erTerTi mZlavri iaraRi sakuTari liderobis SesanarCuleblad. liderisaTvis aucilebelia moiqces ise da imgvarad, rogori moTxovnilebac im sazogadoebas gaaCnia. iranis amJamindeli prezidenti ki amas amarTlebs, damyarebuli aqvs sakmaod didi kontroli adgilobriv masebze. ruseTis federaciis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma sergei lavrovma ki metad rbili pozicia daikava iranis mimarT, rac ar gamoparviaT dasavleTSi. es faqtic, ruseTis mxardaWera kidev ufro aZlierebs iseT saSiS terorist prezidents, rogoric aris iranis dRevandeli mmarTveli. yvela zemodxsenebuli faqtidan gamomdinare logikurad ismis kiTxva ratom? ratom aris rom es adamianebi ibrZvian da ratom meTauroben sxvadasxva dajgufebebs. es aris ubralod samyaros kanonzomiereba, samSoblos dacva ucxo tomelTagan Tu Cveulebrivi kriminali. Cemis azriT samive erTad! Tanamedrove islamisti liderebis pirovnebaSi samive ,,komponenti” iyris Tavs, TumcaRa es adamianebi sakuTar Tavs patriotebs uwodeben da rogorc adre aRvniSneT _ alahis rwmenis damcvelebs. rac Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kanonad iqca maTTvis, rac TavisTavad wesierebis doneze ayvanil uwesobas warmoadgens. es yovelive Sedegia im socialuri garemosi da im informaciuli garemosi, romelic arsebobs. Zalian xSirad ki e.w. zesaxelmwifoebis kolonisturi politikis samwuxaro Sedegic. maT jer kidev ymawvilobis periodidan unergaven dasavleTisa da qristianebis siZulvils. saxvaTaSoris egvipte warmoadgens qveyanas, sadac oficialurad aRiarebulia qristianebis uflebebi da sadac, cxovrobs kidec sakmaod didi raodenoba qristianebisa. da bolos, Cven ukve SegviZlia visaubroT im saerTo Tu ganmasxvavebel specifiurobaze, romelic SeiZleba axasiaTebdeT terorist da sulier liderebs, aseve muslimuri saxelmwifos liderebs. Tumca xSirad teroristi da sulieri lideri SeiZleba erTidaigive pirovneba iyos. maTi saerTo niSan-Tvisebad radikalizmi da fundamentalizmisaken midrekileba SeiZleba CavTvaloT. dRes arsebuli mdgomareobidan gamomdinare SeiZleba CaiTvalos rom aseTi liderebi kidev karga xans Seawuxebs msoflios mSvidobian mosaxleobas. dasavleTis mcdelobebi ganeitraldnen es adamianebi mxolod dadebiT mcdelobad SeiZleba iqnes miCneuli, Tumca es sakmaod rTuli da rutinuli procesi aris. jer kidev kargad ver acnobierebs saerTaSoriso sazogadoebrioba Tu ra safrTxes Seicavs am liderTa moqmedebebi. isini xom Tanamedrove msoflios xorcmetebs warmoadgenen. Tundac, is rad Rirs, rom es liderebi saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis subieqtebs warmoadgenen. rac katastrofaa, magram realobaa, rom maT angariSs uweven. miuxedavad maTi Seviwroebis mcdelobisa, karga xani kvlav angariSgasawev figurebad darCebian Tanamedrove msoflioSi. gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura: 1. www.yahoo.com;USA foreign policy

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2. Jurnali ,,politika” (2004) 3. ,,centralnaia azia i kavkaz”(2004)

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Tamar papiaSviliTamar papiaSviliTamar papiaSviliTamar papiaSvili saqarTvelos teqnisaqarTvelos teqnisaqarTvelos teqnisaqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti.kuri universiteti.kuri universiteti.kuri universiteti. fakulteti: humanitarulfakulteti: humanitarulfakulteti: humanitarulfakulteti: humanitarul----teqnikuri.teqnikuri.teqnikuri.teqnikuri. specialoba: saxelmwifos marTvis moxele.specialoba: saxelmwifos marTvis moxele.specialoba: saxelmwifos marTvis moxele.specialoba: saxelmwifos marTvis moxele. ““““lideri axalgazrdul organiazaciaSi”lideri axalgazrdul organiazaciaSi”lideri axalgazrdul organiazaciaSi”lideri axalgazrdul organiazaciaSi” TiToeuli adamiani cdilobs gaxdes lideri ama Tu im sferoSi. liderobisaTvis brZola adamianis Zlier bunebasa da mondomebaze metyvelebs. TiToeul CvenTagans surs iyos pirveli, igi yovelTvis cdilobs gaakeTos iseTi saqme, riTac daimsaxurebs garSemomyofTa simpatiasa da siyvaruls, magram bevri maTgani ver aRwevs msgavs warmatebas. zogi pirvelive damarcxebisas uars acxadebs gaagrZelos dawyebuli saqme, zogi ki bolomde ibrZvis Tavisi saqmis dasrulebisaTvis, samarTlianobisaTvis. pirveli qmedeba metyvelebs imas, rom pirovneba ar SeiZleba iyos bunebiT lideri, is ubralod unebisyofo da susti adamiania, romelic am gziT verafers miaRwevs cxovrebaSi. meoris saqcieli ki metyvelebs imas, rom is pirovneba SeZlebs miaRwios Tavis dasaxul mizans. swored aseTi unda iyos is pirovneba, romelsac surs lideroba aramarto axalgazrdul organizaciaSi, aramed sazo- gadoebaSic. adamiani liderad ibadeba. is mosazreba, rom lideri xdeba yalbia. lideroba axalgazrdul organizaciaSi Znelad misaRwevia bevrisTvis. lideri unda iyo bunebiT, raTa SeZlo yvelafris marTva, rac Sens garSemoa, risi marTvis unaric Sen Segwevs an ar Segwevs. “zneobrivoba Tavisuflebis sferos miekuTvneba. aq adamiani avtonomiuria, ar aris damokidebuli aravisze. adamians saSualeba eZleva airCios rogor moiqces.“ es gaxlavT kantis mosazreba adamianis zreobriv Tavisuflebaze, rasac ar veTanxmebi da mimaCnia, rom adamianis zneobrivi Tavisufleba advilad msxvrevadia.

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ana nacvliSviliana nacvliSviliana nacvliSviliana nacvliSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univeivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univeivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univeivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univerrrrsiteti. siteti. siteti. siteti. fakulteti: iuridiuli.fakulteti: iuridiuli.fakulteti: iuridiuli.fakulteti: iuridiuli. specialoba: saerTaSoriso samarTalispecialoba: saerTaSoriso samarTalispecialoba: saerTaSoriso samarTalispecialoba: saerTaSoriso samarTali. “lideri“lideri“lideri“lideri samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi" samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi" samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi" samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi" lideris fenomeni yovelTvis iwvevda sazogadoebis, gansakuTriT misi inteleqtualuri nawilis interess, am sakiTxze imdeni dawerila da Tqmula, Znelia miagno raRac axals da amiT moxiblo msmeneli, Tumca, rogorc aRmoCnda, es Tema dRes metad aqtualuria saqarTveloSi da arsebuli realoba moiTxovs liderobis fenomenis axlebur gaazrebas. amdenad Cemi saubari qarTuli realobis da aq arsebuli “socialuri dakveTis “ fonze Tanamedrove lideris anu ase rom vTqvaT “Cveni drois gmiris “portretis ganxilvaa an meoresmxriv pasuxia kiTxvaze: gvWirdeba ki saerTod lideri da gmiri dRes qarTvelebs? upriani iqneba aqedanve SevTanxmdeT, rom azrebi gamoTqmuli liderze, rogorc sazogadoebriv movlenaze, upirateswilad iqneba am fenomenis gaazreba samoqalaqo sazogadoebis saWiroebaTaA kuTxiT da qarTuli realobis gaTvaliwinebiT. yvela sazogadoebas, sociums gaaCnia RirebulebaTa garkveuli sistema. sazogadoebrivi azrovneba aseve datvirTulia stereotipebiT, ideologiuri warmona- qmnebiT mokled rom vTqvaT yalbi cnobierebis elementebiT. is, Tu vin xdeba lideri mocemul sazogadoebaSi mravlismetyveli faqtia am sazogadoebis zneobrivi Tu inteleqtualuri saxis Sesafaseblad. Tumca es yvelaferi jer kidev zedapirze devs, Tu ratom xdeba amaTuim Tvisebebis matarebeli piri lideri mocemuli sociumisaTvis, aranaklebi mniSvnelobis faqtia da gacilebiT Rrma analizs moiTxovs. da mesame, razec albaT yvelaze mets visaubreb dRes aris is Tu ra ganapirobebs sazogadoebis TiTqmis gardauval moTxovnas liderze. vfiqrob Cveni saubaric am sakiTxis kvleviT unda daviwyoT – rogoria da ratom qarTuli sazogadoebis mimarTeba lideris fenomenisadmi? qarTuli literaturisaTvis ucxo ar aris mesianisturi idea, metic-qarTuli sulieri da inteleqtualuri fenomeni didxans sazrdoobda am ideiT. Tamaris epoqidan dawyebuli cisferyanwelebis CaTvliT da garkveulwilad saxelSecvlili Semdgomac. saqarTvelos istoriis im etapebze ki roca qveyana faqtiurad daRupvis piras idga, (da aseTi iyo Cveni eris cxovrebis faqtiurad udidesi nawili) mxsnelis, lideris molodini erTerTi yvelaze mZafri impulsi da Tema iyo xelovnebaSic da yoveldRiur cxovrebaSic. magram Secdoma iqneba Tu vifiqrebT rom amgvar “molodinSi” qarTveli eri gamonakliss warmoadgenda. aseTi mesianisturi idea arsebobs faqtiurad yvela kulturasa da erSi da man udaod iqonia cxovelmyofeli gavlena erebis fizikur Tu sulier gadarCenasa da ganviTarebze. sxva sakiTxia lideris, gmiris aseTi kulti da sociumis awmyosa da momavlis centrad misi gamocxadeba ramdenad SeTavsebadia Tanamedrove saxelmwifos ideasTan; mravalerovani, enobrivi Tu religiur niadagze gaxleCili masis samoqalaqo sazogadoebad formirebis saWiroebebTan. Aaq minda xazgasmiT aRvniSno, rom roca liderze vsaubrobT erTmaneTisagan unda

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gavmijnoT erovnuli gmiri (anu zekaci erovnul, saxalxo sibrtyeSi, romelic calsaxad dadebiTi movlenaa) da lideri iseT sivrceSi, romlelsac saxelmwifo hqvia( sadac igi garkveulwilad winaaRmdegobaSic modis saxelmwifos da aseve samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ideasTan) albaT ar Sevcdebi Tu vityvi, rom saukeTeso magaliTi romelic TviT istoriam SemogvTavaza am ori fenomenis urTierTmimarTebaze aris sabWoTa sistema, romelmac Seqmna gmirebi (marTalia dRevandeli gadmosaxedidan yalbi, Tumca imdroisaTvis lamis gaRmerTebuli) da romelmac imavdoulad ara mxolod mospo samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, aramed Cakla xalxSi, momavalSi, misi formirebisaTvis saWiro resursi, da am sisxliani Zaladobis Wrilobebi jer kidev ar moSuSebia aRmosavleT evropas. SeuZlebelia es ori procesi- gmirebis xelovnurad dabadebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis aseve xelovnurad ganadgurebisa ubralo damTxveva iyos da meti araferi, maT Soris uTuod aris Rrma sakraluri kavSiri. ras warmoadgenda sabWoTa sistema da rogor daamarcxa man samoqalaqo sazogadoeba? Aar cdebian isini vinc, miiCneven, rom sabWoTaA sistemis erTerTi udidesi danaSauli aris is, rom man Tavis moqalaqeebs waarTva samoqalaqo iniciativis gamovlenis ufleba da Sesabamisad droTa ganmavlobSi–unaric ki. cnobili qarTveli filosofosi merab mamardaSvili wers: `totalitarul saxelmwifoSi azrovnebisa da cnobierebis garyvna da dangreva Signidan modis. es raRacnairi siTxea, romelic Tavis qalaqSi aRwevs da angrevs azrovnebis, gansakuTrebiT sociluri anu moqalaqeobrivi azrovnebis Sinagan wyaroebs.” A sabWoTa totalitarulma reJimma miiCnia, rom Tuki adamianSi waSlidnen yvelafers (erovnul, suliersa Tu moqalaqeobrivs) da TeTr dafad gadaaqcevdnen mas, igi gacilebiT advilad samarTavi da morCili iqneboda. Aamitomac sistema ulmobelad gausworda mis mosvlamde sazogadoebaSi arsebul yvela idealsa Tu liders, TviT RmrTis xatebas adamianis sulSi(!) da mere adamianebs Tavs moaxvia yalbi faseulobebi da yalbi gmirebi. am eqsperimentis Sedegze abduraxman avtorxanovi werda: “Человека верующего в Бога, чтущего исторические святины и иациональные идеалы, сталинский режим перековал в советского человека, в ханжу и хама – не верующего ни в какие идеалы- ни в небесные, ни в земные, ни даже в собственные-социалистические.” sabWoTa sistemam Seqmna adamiani, romelsac aRar sWirdeboda azrovneba, moZraoba da aRarc moqmedeba, radgan am yovelives mis magivrad gaakeTebda saxelmwifo. erTi SexedviT adamiansac meti ra undoda “sruli bednierebisaTvis” (gansakuTrebiT, ukve msoflio omis tragediagamovlil adamians) rasakvirvelia, sazogadoebis aseT pasiur masad gardaqmnas mxolod ideologia ver SeZlebda, amitom sistema sakuTari Tavis dasamkvidreblad aqtiurad iyenebda sisxlsa da terors, romelic imdenad gardauvali da masStaburi gaxda, rom moqalaqeobrivi, aRaras vambob erovnulze, poziciis dafiqsireba Tu aqtiurobis gamoCena reJimis xeliT Cadenili “aqtivistis” TviTmkvlelobis tolfasi iyo. SiSisa da pasiurobis inercia grZeldeba dResac, es ori dauZinebeli mteria samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa. amitomacaa, rom dasavleTi udides inteleqtualur energias da xarjebs iRebs post sabWoTa xalxebSi

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samoqalaqo sazoadoebis Casaxvisa da ganviTarebisaTvis –es iyo da kvlavac aris totalitaruli sistemis winaaRmdeg brZolis pirdapiri da Zalian efeqturi gza, Tumca Zneli da xangrZlivi! am gzaze sabWoeTidan gamosulma xalxebma gaiges, Tu ras gulisxmobda belinkovi, roca werda: advilia socializmis gasinjva, magram misi gadmofurTxebaa Znelio. marTlac Zalian rTuli da mtkivneuli aRmoCnda totalitarizmis subieqtis azovnebis gandevna Cveni gonebidan, misi Cvevebidan gaTavisufleba. es totalitaruli atavizmis narCenebi kvlavac agrZeleben CvenSi inerciiT arsebobas, Tumca es araa gasakviri im fonze, rom stalinis Semdeg sabWoeTa sistemac inerciiT mogorda 90-ianebamde: revoluciuri reJimebi efeqturad da warmatebiT marTaven qveyanas dasawyis etapze qarizmatuli lideris meSveobiT, rogorc veberma mas uwoda. magram roca reJimis damaarseblebi midian, ar arsebobs garantia, rom misi STamomavlebi iseve popularulebi iqnebian an rom iseve kompetenturad gauZRvebian wina lideris saqmes. amitomac yvela sistema, Tu sazogadoeba, romelic erTi konkretuli piris lideris irgvliv aawyobs Tavis dRevandelobasa da momavals ganwirulia saSineli kraxisaTvis. marTalia saxelmwifoebriobis saTavesTan Cven xan bundovnad, xan ufr naTlad vxedavT didi pirovnebis zekacis reformatorul xels, magram misi damsaxureba momavlis winaSe swored imiT izomeba, ramdenad myar saxelmwifoebriv institutebs Seqmnis da datovebs igi Tavis Semdeg, radgan saxelmwifo verasodes Sedgeba da ganviTardeba, Tu igi mxolod konkretul pirovnebaze iqneba damokidebuli epoqidan epoqamde– es rogorc ukve aRvniSne, ewinaaRmdegeba kidec saxelmwifos ideas. sociumis centrad erTi pirovnebis dasaxva aseve SeuTavsebelia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis arsTan. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis TiToeuli wevri arsebiTi Semadgeneli nawilia am sazogadoebisa. da Tundac erTi adamianis inteleqtualuri Tu SemoqmedebiTi paisurobiT dasneuleba momakvdinebelia samoqalaqo sazogadoe- bisaTvis; radgan esaa sazogadoebis modeli, sadac yvela Tansaworia, Tavisufali da pasuxismgebeli sakuTar qmedebasa da mTlianobaSi - sazogadoebis bedze. esaa sazogadoeba, romelic avtonomiurad arsebobs saxelmwifosagan da vinmesagan ( saxelmwifo, lideri) ki ar elis xsnasa da daxmarebas, aramed TviTonve ikmayofilebs Tavis saWiroebebs, sakuTar wiaRSi eZebs resursebsa da maTi optimalurad gamoyenebis gzebs. Mmisi TiToeuli ujredi cocxali da moqmedia, aq TiToeuli individia sazogadoebis mamoZravebeli Zala da lideri. amitomac am sazogadoebas pasiurobis momakvdinebeli seniT emuqreba zekacad, Seucvlel da yovlisSemZle liderad visime gamocxadeba da sazogadoebis masze “Camokideba”. samwuxarod qarTul sazogadoebas dResac azis infantilurobis damRa, rom viRac oqrosferTmiani da TeTr raSze amxedrebuli Wabuki mova, erTi xelis mosmiT gaakeTebs yvelafers, rac Cven yvelam erTad unda vakeTod wlebis ganmavlobaSi, rom es mxsneli Tu lideri gamoasworebs yvela usamarTlobas, borotebas da mere Cven mis mier Seqmnil samoTxeSi yvelani mSvidad da bednierad vicxovrebT. Lam gagebiT lideris idea spobs pirovnebis Tavisuflebas da individualobas, aTavsebs ra mas im sulieri, gonebrivi Tu materialuri idealebis CarCoSi, romelic gaaCnia TviTon

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liders, Sesabamisad lideris xateba aferxebs sazogadoebis ganviTarebas, aqcevs ra am process sazRvrebSi. sabWoTa sistemis ukuRmarTobaSi imdroisaTvis ukve Rrmad darwmunebuli saxarovi werda: adamianur sazogadoebas sWirdeba avtoritetebis gavlenisa da winaswar Camoyalibebuli azrebisagan Tavisufleba. es erTaderTi gzaa davicvaT xalxi masobrivi miTebisagan, romlebic farisevelTa da demagogTa xelSi iolad gardaiqmnebian sisxlian diqtaturebad. amgvarad, lideris fenomeni, aq SeiZleba sityva qarizmatulic ki gamoviyenoT, SeuTavsebelia samoqalaqo sazogadeoebis ideasTan da saxifaToa saxelmwifo- ebriobisaTvis, Tu ki igi warmatebul instituciur reformatorad ar mogvevlineba, warmatebulobas ki mxolod dro adasturebs, sxva kriteriumi aq ubralod arasandoa. Tumca dasasruls minda xazgasmiT aRvniSno, rom socialuri dakveTa liderze yovelTvis da yvelgan arsebobs, es rogorc Cans adamianuri bunebis ganuyfeli nawilia. gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri xdeba lideris molodini maSin, roca sazogadoeba krizisSia. aq ki istoria bevr magaliTs gvTavazobs, romelTagan zogs tragikuli, zogs ki klasikuri “happy end” xvda wilad _ hitleri germaniaSi da, cota mogvianebiT reigani amerikaSi, es magaliTebi gvimtkicebs, rom prognozebis gakeTeba Zalian saxifaToa. Oorive SemTxvevaze Cven ubralod SegviZlia vTqvaT: _ aseTia lideris xvedri, igi istoriuli aucileblobis subieqtia, asevea sociumic da misi ganviTarebis Tanaedrove etapi samoqalaqo sazogadoeba. ZalTa balanssac maT Soris es gardauvali aucilebloba aregulirebs. dasasruls vityvi, rom albaT erTaderTi rac istoriam gvaswavla isaa, rom mizani, romelsac isaxavs istoriuli aucilebloba, nebismier SemTxvevaSi miRweuli iqneba – am procesSi TiToeuli calke aRebuli individis monawileobiT Tu mis gareSe. rogorc seneka ityoda: `Ducunt fata volentem, nolentem trahunt”

gagagagamoyenebuli literaturamoyenebuli literaturamoyenebuli literaturamoyenebuli literatura 1. m. mamardaSvili "saubrebi filosofiaze" 2. френсис фукуиама - конец истории и последкий и человек (москва 2005) 3. А.Сахалов- Тревога и Надежда (москва 1999)