Lieutenant Colonel Noma Martini

ROTC Graduate UC Berkeley (1996)

18 Years of Service (Infantry / Aviator)

UH-60 Blackhawk Pilot

2x Deployments (Afghanistan / Iraq)

All men can see these tactics whereby I conquer, but what none can see is the strategy out of which victory is evolved. - Sun Tzu

Agenda

• Center of Gravity Analysis• Army’s New Training Model – Outcome Based

Training and Education• Operational Environment Discussion - NINIWA

PROVINCE

Troop Leading Procedures • Small Unit Leader’s

(Company Level and below) • Decision Making Process

TLPs1. Receive the Mission2. Issue a Warning Order3. Make a Tentative Plan4. Initiate Movement5. Conduct Reconnaissance6. Complete the Plan7. Issue the Operations Order8. Supervise and Refine

METT-TC• MISSION• ENEMY• TROOPS• TERRAIN • TIME• CULTURE

Military Decision Making Process• Staff Process to Advise the Commander

Battalion Level and Above•Unemotional Analysis and Decision Making

The basic steps in the MDMP are:1. Receipt of Mission2. Mission Analysis3. Course of action (COA) Development4. COA Analysis (aka Wargaming)5. COA Comparison6. COA Approval7. Orders Production

Center of Gravity Analysis to Develop a Strategy• Critical Capabilities• Critical Requirements • Critical Vulnerabilities

What are our Nation’s CC, CR, CV?• Technology • Agriculture • Natural Resources • Values, Beliefs System

ENDs – Desired Outcome (Visualized, Defined and Described)

WAYs – Method to Achieve the Desired Outcome.

MEANs – Resources / Enablers to support the Method to Achieve the Desired Outcome

Mobility (ENDs) + Vehicle (WAYs) + Fuel (MEANs)

ENDS – Conquer Europe

WAY – Mass Attack

MEANS – Tank Warfare

Critical Requirement – Factories

Critical Vulnerabilities – Bearings

Strategy = ENDS + WAYS + MEANS

ENDS – Influence Public OpinionENDS / WAYS – Kill As Many Americans as PossibleENDS / WAYS – Send us Home in Boxes

Strategy = ENDS + WAYS + MEANS

WAYS – IEDMEANS – Financier

MEANS – IED MaterialMEANS – IED emplacer

MEANS – Detonation Device / Trigger

MEANS – Financier

ENDS – Attack America WAYS – Freedoms

MEANS – Fear / Security

ENDS – Assessment. Successful or Not?

Strategy = ENDS + WAYS + MEANS

The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting.- Sun Tzu

Army’s New Training ModelOBT&E

Definitions

TangibleAdjective- Perceptible by touch.Noun- A thing that is perceptible by touch.Synonyms- palpable - concrete - touchable - real - tactile

IntangibleAdjective- Unable to be touched or grasped; not having physical presence: "cyberspace or anything else so intangible".Noun- An intangible thing.Synonyms- impalpable - untouchable

ConfidenceInitiativeAccountabilityAwarenessJudgmentDisciplineLoyaltyAdaptabilityResiliencyCompassionMastery of Basic SkillsWarrior SpiritMoral & EthicalSelfless Service

Problem-solvingTeam PlayerAble to Manage StressRetentionThinking SkillsMotivatedDecision MakerFitness (Holistic)CompetentFlexibleSelf-learner / Self-starterUnderstands the SituationResoluteCommon (Good) Sense

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Desired Attributes in Subordinates

Outcome-Based Training & Education Outcome-Based Training & Education (OBT&E) emphasizes the development of the individual based on operational expectations, both in regards to necessary tangible skills and desired intangible attributes, in an environment of relatedness, resulting in Soldiers and leaders who have learned to teach themselves, able to solve problems as individuals and teams within a framework of knowledge and principles, and have realize an increase in intangible attributes. In OBT&E, measures of effectiveness are utilized to evaluate the achievement of desired outcomes. OBT&E is oriented towards creating adaptive forces able to deal with the complex challenges of current and future combat, and civil and humanitarian operations described in FM 3-0, Operations, and exist in support of the “what” defined in FM 7.0, Training for Full Spectrum Operations and the “how to” defined in FM 7-1, Battle Focused Training.

The overall goal of OBTE is to prepare Soldiers to function in tomorrow’s operational environment.

To this end, Soldiers who have learned to teach themselves, to solve problems within a framework of knowledge, realize increased confidence, accountability, awareness, judgment and initiative.

WHY13 Years of constant war has created adaptive and dynamic leaders that can not be replicated in a peacetime environment.

Tenets or Doctrine of OBT&E: • Emphasizes training and education (together termed as development) as a

leadership issue, i.e. effective mission accomplishment ultimately occurs from the development of subordinates

• Emphasizes the creative nature of military operations• Emphasizes Commander’s Intent rooted in Purpose and Vision that facilitates

Means (or Method)• Emphasizes Safety as an individual responsibility that enhances training and

operations• Emphasizes the risk associated to future military operations when development

does not occur• Emphasizes the Effective utilization (from a developmental perspective) of fixed

resources• Emphasizes assessment, judgment, decision and execution at all levels of authority• Emphasizes the why over the must (219 instances of must in the current draft of

FM 7.0)• Emphasizes scenario-based experience of problem solving over exhaustive task

list• Emphasizes training Tangible Skills as venues for Intangible Development• Emphasizes resources, good curriculum and aptitude/ability as enhancers, not

requirements

Principles of OBT&E: Training to Grow Problem Solving: teach Soldiers to “learn for themselves” the skills necessary to the success of their mission, within an established framework of knowledge and principlesTraining to Increase Intangibles: develop intangible attributes like confidence, accountability, initiative, judgment and awareness; reinforce positive character traitsTraining to Increase Understanding and Awareness: teach through contextual understanding of the task and its mission applicationTraining to Increase Deliberate Thought: condition Soldiers to exercise always a deliberate thought process (assessment, judgment and decision) while under controlled and increasing levels of stressTraining to Improve Combat Performance: condition Soldiers to overcome the psychological and physiological effects, and the physical requirements of combat

Threshold Training exists within a smaller scale of Order to Chaos that moves on a larger scale of Simplicity to Complexity.

Threshold Training for the Individual or Unit

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Simplicity Complexity

Order Chaos

Destructive Impact

Negative Impact

Where an individual or unit trains on the smaller scale, determines whether the Threshold for Chaos (Failure) generally moves to the right on both scales, remains

stagnate or rescinds, such that rightward movement advances the Margin for Success (that which the individual or unit can affect) into higher levels of Complexity.

Targeted Realm ofIndividual Struggle

IdealizedRealm of Training

Threshold of Failure

Operational EnvironmentNiniwa Discussion

Key Players• Elected Iraqi Governor • Iraqi Army• Iraqi Police• Kurdish Police• Peshmerga Army• Peshmerga Security Force• PKK• US Special Forces• Other Gov’t Agencies• Non Gov’t Agencies • UN Inspectors • Christians• Shiites• Sunnis • US – Conventional Forces

Issues• Kurdish Independence • Land Rights (water/oil)• Al Qaida Attacks (IA, IP, US)• PKK Attacks• Turkish Cross Border• Iraqi Elections• US Transition and Withdrawal

Support Host Nation Government

Promote Rule of Law and Support Host Nation Security Forces (IA, IP, Pesh Army/Police)

Secure the Porous Borders with Syria, Turkey, and Iran (Isolate population from foreign insurgents)

Set the Conditions to Transition Security to Host Nation

Transition Security to Host Nation

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Lines of Effort (LOEs) or Lines of Operations (LOOs)

Key Players• Elected Iraqi Governor • Iraqi Army• Iraqi Police• Kurdish Police• Peshmerga Army• Peshmerga Security Force• PKK• US Special Forces• Other Gov’t Agencies• Non Gov’t Agencies • UN Inspectors • Christians• Shiites• Sunnis • US – Conventional Forces

Issues• Kurdish Independence • Land Rights (water/oil)• Al Qaida Attacks (IA, IP, US)• PKK Attacks• Turkish Cross Border• Iraqi Elections• US Transition and Withdrawal

STRATEGY = ENDS + WAYS + MEANS

Train, Teach, Coach and Mentor Creative Thinkers.

Need Tomorrow’s Problems Solvers, Today!• 2,3 year Scholarships• Active Duty and Part-Time Service Options • Immediate Job Placement Upon Graduating• Great Community of People to Work With.• Some Really Cool Jobs Opportunities