life 13 bio/uk/000428 ecoco life dalmellington moss: … · 2019-09-26 · deep roadside ditch. the...
TRANSCRIPT
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LIFE 13 BIO/UK/000428 EcoCo LIFE Dalmellington Moss: EcoCoLife monitoring Impact Report (Action D.1.)
CONTENTS
1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………….2
2. Background .................................................................................................................... 2
3. Monitoring ...................................................................................................................... 5
3.1.Hydrology ............................................................................................................. 7
3.2.Vegetation ............................................................................................................ 9
3.3.Peat depth data ...................................................................................................14
3.4.Species data ............................................................ .………………………………16
4. Future monitoring ..........................................................................................................21
5. References………………………………………………………………………………………21
6. Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................22
7. Annex 1……………………………………………...…………………………………………..23
Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve entrance
2
1 Introduction
This report summarises the results of monitoring at EACEI’s bog enhancement site at
Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve between 2014 and 2018.
Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve is a raised bog, which is a rain-fed peatland habitat. The site is a Scottish Wildlife Trust (SWT) wildlife reserve and a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), notified as such for its lowland raised bog habitat. The bog is home to an array of specialist plants and animals, such as the carnivorous sundew and rare bog rosemary, but is currently in unfavourable condition due to past damage to the site that has caused it to dry out. Dalmellington Moss is 28.5 hectares of raised bog surrounded by marsh, grassland and willow carr within the River Doon valley. The site is situated just west of the village of Dalmellington in East Ayrshire and is owned by SWT, who manage it as a wildlife reserve. Along the northern boundary runs the A713 Ayr-Dalmellington road, and to the south is the Cumnock burn, which flows into Muck Water and then the River Doon. To the south of the raised bog is “Sillyhole Moss”, an area of valley mire including willow/birch carr and lagg fen. Dalmellington Moss is home to specialist bog plants including a good assemblage of Sphagnum mosses, the principle peat-forming plant. There is also cranberry, bog rosemary, bog asphodel and bog myrtle as well as heathers and grasses. In areas where the site has seen significant drying, purple moor grass is dominant. Invertebrates are of special interest and include a number of scarce moths, beetles and spiders, and the locally rare large heath butterfly. 50 years ago, an extensive network of drainage ditches were cut across Dalmellington Moss. This has resulted in drying, which has led to dense heather and reduced Sphagnum cover. There is also encroachment of birch and burning has been a past issue. Previous attempts to restore the bog include installing forty plastic-coated metal sheet dams in 1994-5, 16 monitoring dipwells in 1995, and four plastic piling dams in 2005. The dipwells indicate that the damming did raise the water table, but not throughout the site. A hydrological survey in 2013 revealed that the ditches were having a significant effect on the bog, and proposed a number of measures to slow water loss and raise water levels. These recommendations were taken forward by EACEI and SWT to be carried out in 2014-15.
2 Background
Since the EcoCoLife project began in September 2014, there have been two phases of peatland enhancement at Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve. Phase 1 was NOT funded by EcoCoLife (Table 1) but the details of the work have been included in this report to provide context for the 2nd Phase (Table 2), which was funded by EcoCoLife.
Table 1: Phase 1 (2015): Trench bund and peat dam installation (not funded through
EcoCoLife)
Start of
contract:
27th January 2015 Completion
date:
13th February 2015
Contract value: £10,500 (inc. VAT) Contractor: Conservefor Ltd
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Re-wetting work was carried out in early 2015 by Conservefor Ltd. Using a low-ground
pressure excavator to minimise damage to the sensitive bog surface, the operator
constructed a 1.1km trench bund along the northern boundary to slow water loss via the
deep roadside ditch. The trench bund was dug to 1.5 metres, raised above the ground by
30cm and topped with vegetation to prevent the peat from eroding. The contractors also
repaired existing plastic piling dams (installed 2005) by pushing them deeper into the ditch
and topping them with wide peat dams. They also cleared a 30m section of ditch at the north-
west corner of the site. Scrub removal, including herbicide treatment of the stumps, was
undertaken by Scottish Wildlife Trust staff and a group of volunteers.
Installation of hydrological monitoring equipment
In 2015 EACEI installed a network of dipwells and automatic data loggers that will enable
EACEI and Scottish Wildlife Trust to carry out ongoing monitoring of the site’s hydrology and
will continue to survey fixed vegetation quadrats on an annual basis. Analysis of the
hydrological monitoring data has shown that the water table is high and stabilising across the
bog, particularly behind the new trench bunds (Pendleton Hydro Ltd, 2016). However, the
newly installed peat dams in a large ditch were found not to be working as intended. In
particular, one of the four peat dams was found to retain water for less time that the other
dams following a period of rainfall. Without addressing this problem, it is likely that the areas
close to the ditch would have continued to be effected by water loss and result in further
drying of the peat. To come up with a solution for the leak, Project Manager Daisy invited a
group of experts to visit Dalmellington Moss for a problem-solving workshop – see here.
Table 2: Phase 2 (2017): Installation of 12 peat dams and extension of 4 existing peat dams
(funded by EcoCoLife)
In February 2017, EACEI contracted Openspace (Cumbria) Ltd. to extend the existing peat
dams up the sides of the C4 ditch to hold back water more securely, adding a further 4 dams
in the ditch and installing 8 dams in an adjacent ditch (C3) that hadn’t yet been dammed.
Below the new ditch, contractors discovered a track buried beneath the bog that extended
into the centre of the bog that can be seen on historical maps. A total of 12 new dams and
four improved dams were installed at the site.
Start of contract: 2nd February 2017 Completion
date:
1st March 2017
Contract value: £7,165.50 (inc. VAT) Contractor: Openspace (Cumbria)
Ltd.
4
Enhancement interventions:
1. Repair of peat / plastic dam 4 (PP4)
PP4 in ditch C3 is leaking via large subsurface crack in the ditch margin, water is
finding its way back in the ditch downstream of PP4. Key into sides of PP4 and
extend peat dam up slopes of the ditch margin - create subsurface peat bund
using wet putty peat. See
Figure 1.
4
extended
peat
dams
2. Install large peat dams
Install peat dams in ditches C3 and C4. See 12 peat
dams
5
Figure 2.
Figure 1: Extended peat dam to repair faulty peat/plastic piling dam in ditch C4
6
Figure 2: New peat dam installed in ditch C3
3 Monitoring The three stages specified in the monitoring process are as follows:
1. Baseline monitoring – carried out prior to enhancement activities.
2. Initial monitoring period – following completion of works, carried out within the EcoCo
LIFE project timescale to identify any short-term changes.
3. Long-term monitoring – ongoing monitoring to be carried out at 3, 5, 10 year intervals to
measure long-term changes.
Table 3 describes the monitoring methodology.
7
Monitoring
tool Water level monitoring
Vegetation
monitoring Peat depth
Fixed point
photography Species surveys
Indicator of Ecological functionality Ecological
functionality Structure Structure
Species of
conservation
importance
Target High, stable water table, close to
the surface of the bog
Stable or increasing
populations of positive
bog indicator species,
particularly relevant
sphagna. Few or
decreasing populations
of negative indicator
species
A long-term
monitoring system in
place which will allow
peat depths to be
compared at suitable
intervals
Each site exhibits the full
range of structural
features which should be
expected for a functioning
bog. Interventions carried
out through the project
(e.g. dams, bunds etc.)
are demonstrated to be
functioning
relevant species
surveys carried out to
assess how particular
species not captured
through ongoing
condition monitoring
are responding to
restoration
Rationale
Through the project actions, we
are hoping to demonstrate an
improvement in the hydrology of
sites through this measure. Bogs
with a high, stable water table,
function hydrologically and this is
therefore a good indicator of
coherence at the site level.
Bogs in good condition
or that are progressing
towards good condition
exhibit a range of
indicator species which
allow condition to be
assessed
Long-term measure,
and as such,
meaningful trends
will not be captured
as part of the EcoCo
project. However,
this action, which will
ensure that
monitoring methods
are developed and
instigated, will ensure
the long-term
monitoring of this
important indicator of
coherence for peat
sites
This measure will enable
the physical condition of
each bog to be measured.
It will allow changes to be
recorded, and will allow
the success of
interventions to be
assessed. It is also a
straightforward technique
which could be carried out
by volunteers during and
after the project
Whilst some of these
species may not be
indicators of improved
habitat condition, their
importance in a
regional, national or
international context
merits their inclusion in
project monitoring
where resources allow.
Site managers should
be aware of the
location and status of
these species to ensure
that restoration does
not adversely affect
them
Method
Pairs of dipwells installed
adjacent to each vegetation
monitoring quadrat location (but
sufficiently far away to avoid
interference), one in close
proximity to drainage ditch (less
than 2m), one 5m from ditch.
Single dipwells installed at
control quadrats. Additional
ditches and control locations can
be added if resources allow.
Dipwells should be on ‘flat’
ground, avoiding significant
hummocks/hollows. Dipwells
are monitored manually to
identify depth of water surface
below ground level.
6 fixed quadrats
installed at locations
representative of
conditions across the
site. Presence and
coverage of trees,
shrub, bryophytes and
vascular plants
recorded via field
survey. Also recording
basic micro-topography
(i.e. presence of
hummocks and/or
pools).
Peat depths
measured on a grid
(with maximum grid
squares of
100x100m), and
additionally adjacent
to each
quadrat/dipwell
location using a peat
depth probe.
Assessment of damage
from drainage, peat
cutting, burning and
grazing, within and in
close proximity (<5m) of
each quadrat location, via
field survey. Random of
dams selected from
enhancement works.
Water level below ground
level at face of dam is
recorded. Dams also
inspected for damage.
Targeted species
surveys for Large
heath, beetles and
spiders to be carried
out where appropriate
(see detailed
guidance). Ad hoc
recording to be carried
out on site walkovers
and at events.
Specimens to be
removed from the field
if identification requires
microscope/keys.
Photographs of
specimens to be taken
where possible.
Frequency
Monthly survey if possible, or at
least quarterly. Comparative
annual data at 3, 5 or 10 year
interval.
Annual survey, June-
Sept (July-August
preferred).
Comparative surveys at
3, 5 or 10 year interval,
at same time of year,
i.e. June-Sept (July-
August preferred).
Single survey
completed in
baseline period and
repeated in initial
monitoring period at
same time of year.
Comparative surveys
carried out at 3, 5 or
10 year intervals.
Annual survey (with
vegetation quadrat
survey). Comparative
survey at 3, 5 or 10 year
interval (with vegetation
quadrat survey)
Annually for butterfly
transects, etc.
Requirements
100cm plumbing pipes with
regularly drilled small holes
Round pole (1.5m+) to make
initial hole
Cans/jars to cover ends
GPS device
Tape measure / “plumb-bob”
measure
Posts to mark quadrat
corners
Tape measure
Mallet
String
GPS device
Plant ID guides
Hand lens
Sample pots/packets
Metal detector for
locating quadrats
Peat depth probe
GPS device
As vegetation quadrat
survey
Sampling nets
(butterfly, sweep, pond)
Specimen pots
Alcohol for preserving
invertebrates
Bugvac
Identification keys and
guides
Microscopes
Hand lenses
Moth traps, generator,
batteries
GPS device
Recording sheets
Table 3: EcoCo LIFE peatland monitoring plan minimum requirements
8
3.1 Hydrology A transect of 16 dipwells was installed by the Scottish Wildlife Trust in 1995. In July 2015 an
additional 10 dipwells were added to the network; a rain gauge was installed; and 4 of the
original 16 dipwells were lapsed from the network (still in position and have been
occasionally surveyed). The location of dipwells is shown in Figure 3.
The dipwell network consists of four transects:
East-West transect: dipwells 1 to 17
North-South transect (centre): dipwells 20, 21, 5 and 22
North-South transect (west): 18, 14 and 19
Dam monitoring transect: dipwells 23 to D6
Detailed information on the hydrology of Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve, including an
analysis of the hydrological data collected between 1995 and 2016, can be found in the
Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve hydrological survey report by Pendleton Hydro Ltd.
(2016).
Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve water levels were surveyed manually on 11 occasions
between July 2015 and March 2017 and the results are presented below in Table 4.
Figure 3: Map showing locations of fixed monitoring points at Dalmellington Moss Wildlife
Reserve Wildlife Reserve
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Table 4: Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve dipwell monitoring results
Visit: 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 D
IP
NO
.
24
/0
7/2
0
15
chan ge
28
/0
8/2
0
15
chan ge
16
/0
9/2
0
15
chan ge
29
/1
0/2
0
15
chan ge
24
/1
1/2
0
15
chan ge
18
/1
2/2
0
15
chan ge
02
/0
3/2
0
16
chan ge
24
/0
3/2
0
16
chan ge
02
/1
1/2
0
16
chan ge
06
/0
2/2
0
17
chan ge
15
/0
8/2
0
17
1 11.50 -0.50 12.00 -2.60 14.60 -0.40 15.00 6.50 8.50 -1.50 10.00 4.00 6.00 -4.00 10.00 -3.00 13.00 6.00 7.00 8.40 -1.40
2 9.50 -2.50 12.00 -2.40 14.40 3.40 11.00 11.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.50 1.50 -11.50 13.00 7.00 6.00
3 9.00 2.00 7.00 -5.50 12.50 7.50 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 13.00 -1.00 14.00 -6.80 20.80 13.80 7.00 1.00 6.00 -3.00 9.00 9.00
10.00 -8.00 18.00 6.00 12.00 10.40 1.60
5 9.00 -1.50 10.50 -9.30 19.80 14.80 5.00 4.50 0.50 -3.00 3.50 3.50 9.00 -4.50 13.50 8.50 5.00 1.50 3.50
6 16.00 8.00 8.00 -7.10 15.10 2.10 13.00 1.00 12.00 0.00 12.00 6.00 6.00 -4.00 10.00 -5.00 15.00 4.00 11.00 1.70 9.30
7 11.00 2.00 9.00 -13.00 22.00 16.00 6.00 2.00 4.00 -2.50 6.50 6.50 4.00 -5.50 9.50 9.50 0.00
7a 13.00 -2.00 15.00 -11.00 26.00 18.50 7.50 2.80 4.70 -2.90 7.60 -0.90 8.50 -0.50 9.00 -17.00 26.00 15.00 11.00 9.10 1.90
8 15.00 4.00 11.00 -2.50 13.50 11.50 2.00 2.00 0.00 -1.30 1.30 2.30 -1.00 -3.00 2.00 -0.50 2.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 0.00
9 16.00
9.00 4.00 5.00 1.20 3.80
10 19.00 13.00 3.00 10.00 -1.10 11.10
11 14.00 -6.00 20.00 -4.00 24.00 13.00 11.00 2.00 9.00 1.00 8.00 -6.50 14.50 3.50 11.00 -5.00 16.00 2.00 14.00 2.90 11.10
12 15.00
15.00 4.00 11.00 -0.60 11.60
13 13.00 16.50 7.50 9.00 5.00 4.00
14 22.00 8.00 14.00 -5.00 19.00 4.00 15.00 6.80 8.20 1.10 7.10 -0.90 8.00 1.00 7.00 -6.00 13.00 5.00 8.00 1.70 6.30
15 16.00 -8.00 24.00 -3.00 27.00 4.00 23.00 4.80 18.20 1.40 16.80 7.30 9.50 -2.50 12.00 -6.50 18.50 0.50 18.00 1.50 16.50
16 12.00 4.00 8.00 -14.00 22.00 11.00 11.00 3.50 7.50 1.50 6.00 0.00 6.00 1.00 5.00 -6.50 11.50 6.50 5.00 -0.20 5.20
17 5.00 -7.00 12.00 -3.50 15.50 5.50 10.00 5.20 4.80 2.70 2.10 -3.40 5.50 -1.50 7.00 -4.50 11.50 6.50 5.00 2.50 2.50
18 10.00 5.00 5.00 -5.00 10.00 10.00 0.00 -5.50 5.50 3.00 2.50 4.00 -1.50 -6.50 5.00 3.50 1.50 0.50 1.00 1.00
19 10.00 1.00 9.00 -1.00 10.00 4.00 6.00 4.80 1.20 -1.80 3.00 2.50 0.50 -6.50 7.00 -3.00 10.00 9.00 1.00 1.00
20 0.00 -9.50 9.50 2.50 7.00 2.00 5.00 -1.00 6.00 2.00 4.00 0.50 3.50 -2.50 6.00 -4.00 10.00 4.00 6.00 6.00
21 11.00 8.00 3.00 -11.00 14.00 12.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 1.00 -1.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -6.00 6.00 9.00 -3.00 -3.00
22 5.00 -3.50 8.50 -9.50 18.00 13.00 5.00 -0.50 5.50 -3.00 8.50 5.50 3.00 -5.00 8.00 -2.00 10.00 4.00 6.00 6.00
23 1.00 1.00 0.00 -1.00 1.00 10.00 -9.00 -9.00 -6.00 -1.00 -5.00 2.00 -7.00 -10.00 3.00 12.00 -9.00 -9.00
24 0.00 0.00 0.00 -3.00 3.00 12.00 -9.00 5.00 -14.00 -2.50 -11.50 0.00 -11.50 -7.50 -4.00 -5.00 1.00 9.00 -8.00 -8.00
25 3.00 3.00 0.00 -2.00 2.00 4.00 -2.00 4.50 -6.50 -0.50 -6.00 5.00 -11.00 -11.00 0.00 -0.50 0.50 10.50 -10.00 -10.00
26 0.00 0.00 0.00 -10.00 10.00 11.00 -1.00 -1.00 0.00 -1.50 1.50 3.50 -2.00 -4.00 2.00 -4.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Ave. Change 0.20 -5.64 8.81 2.50 -0.45 2.00 -2.63 -4.98 5.83 1.33
Water level
change Water level
po
sit
ive
10.5 - 15.0 <10
5.5 - 10 10.5 - 20.0
0.5 - 5.0 20.5 - 30.0
Change 0.00 30.5+
ne
ga
tiv
e
-0.5 - 5.0
-5.5 - 10
10
3.2 Vegetation Baseline vegetation monitoring was carried out at Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve in July 2014
at 8 quadrat locations. An extra quadrat was added in 2015 and the 9 quadrats were monitored
annually until July 2017. Table 5 summarises the baseline quadrat information, including location
and a description of the habitat and vegetation within and surrounding each quadrat.
Quadrat Monitoring
type
Grid
reference
Baseline description
Q1 Near ditch NS 46863
06332
Little plant diversity. Dense Molinia dominant with bog myrtle scrub up to 1m height.
Q2 NS 46816
06338
Mix of bog indicators including sphagnum, herbs and shrubs with some Molinia. Average vegetation height approx. 30cm, up to 40cm max. Gentle hummocks.
Q3 Near ditch NS 46847
06354
Molina dominated with some sphagnum, bog myrtle and very few
bog indicator herbs. Average vegetation height approx. 50cm. 3
apparent channels (overgrown) within 5m of the ditch, but could not
be confirmed as ditches.
Q4 NS 46558
06397
Good bog species composition including large sphagnum, deer grass
and other indicator herbs. Significant heather coverage. Average
vegetation height – 20cm.
Q5 NS 46360
06428
Some sphagnum, good mix of bog indicators in the herb layer. Relatively flat with gentle hummocks. Average height of vegetation approx. 30cm.
Q6 NS 46493
06524
Molina dominated with some bog myrtle. Quadrat situated next to a
large roadside ditch (overgrown). There is a line of trees running
alongside the ditch, although only the two trees noted above were
within 5m of the quadrat. Average vegetation height approx. 60-
70cm.
Q7 Near
roadside
ditch
NS 46501
06509
A series of deep, linear hollows (overgrown) within 5m of the quadrat
– possibly a ditch but unable to confirm. Hypnum and Polytricum
moss species were dominant, with approx. 20-30% of the quadrat
was substantially dried out. Average vegetation height approx. 25-
30cm.
Q8 NS 46738
06281
Good mix of bog indicators including high sphagnum coverage. 10m
from a small patch of birch (1-3m tall). Located near the peak of the
dome of the bog. Average vegetation height approx. 30cm. 1 small
patch of bare peat within 5m, approx. 30x30cm. 1 sheep dropping
found within 5m of quadrat.
Q9* NS 46318
06454
Mix of bog indicator herbs, gentle hummocks of small sphagnum and
shrubs. Small patch of bare peat within 5m.
Table 5: Quadrat information from baseline survey in July 2014 (*quadrat 9 added in 2015)
11
Bryophyte layer
Percentage cover of bryophytes was estimated during each survey. Bryophytes were classified as
one of three types; ‘small Sphagnum spp.’ are defined as any Sphagnum not belonging to section
Sphagnum, e.g. S. capillifolium; ‘large Sphagnum spp.’ are those belonging to section Sphagnum,
e.g. S. papillosum; ‘other moss’ include non-Sphagnum mosses, e.g. pleurocarpus / acrocarpous
mosses and liverworts.
In 2014, sphagna made up 46% of the bryophyte layer with the majority of this made up of small
Sphagnum spp. The composition of the bryophyte layer fluctuated in subsequent years and was
estimated at 43% in the most recent survey in 2017 (Table 6). Quadrat 9 was added in 2015 and
therefore not included in these overall comparisons.
Sphagnum cover varied greatly between quadrats as shown in figure 4 and varied between years,
sometimes considerably; figure 5 shows the average cover (+standard deviation) for each quadrat
across the survey period. Q1 and Q7 had the least sphagnum, with average values of 0.5% and
1.5% cover respectively. Q2 was also very low in sphagnum with an average 5% cover. Q3 and Q5
had 10.5% and 14.5% average sphagnum cover respectively. Q4, Q8 and Q9 had the greatest
sphagnum coverage, all with over 50% cover on average.
Estimating cover is a subjective measure and since different surveyors recorded the data it is
accepted that there will be a degree of observer bias. Also the relatively short monitoring period
(only 4 years) makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the change of sphagnum cover within
each quadrat. It is however fairly apparent that the amount of sphagnum found in any given quadrat
could be related its position on the site, i.e. those located to the side of ditches tended to be dry and
supported little sphagnum as expected.
Table 6: Overall changes in bryophyte layer composition between 2014 and 2017. This includes quadrats 1-8 only as quadrat 9 was added in 2015.
Bryophyte layer Proportion of bryophyte layer (%) Overall change
% increase/decrease/no
change 2014 2015 2016 2017
Small Sphagnum spp. 46 59 49 42
Large Sphagnum spp. 0 1 0 2
Total Sphagnum spp. 46 60 49 43 3% decrease
Other moss
(trailing/upright)
54 40 51 57 3% increase
12
Figure 4: Percentage ground cover of Sphagnum spp and other mosses within vegetation quadrats from 2014-2017. Quadrat 9 was added in 2015.
Figure 5: Mean cover of Sphagnum (+ standard deviation) in each quadrat during 2014-2017 (2015-2018 for Q9)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
14
20
15
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14
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20
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20
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20
17
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9
Perc
enta
ge c
ove
r
Sphagnum spp Other moss (trailing/upright)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9
Mea
n c
ove
r (+
SD)
Quadrat
13
Herb layer
There has been an overall increase of 5% in positive indicators within the herb layer across the 9
quadrats at Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve. Purple moorgrass Molinia caerulea has
decreased by 5% overall but remains dominant in Q1, Q3 and Q6, and constitutes almost a third of
Q7 (Table 7 & Fig. 6).
Herb layer species 2014 2017 Observed changes
Bog rosemary (Andromeda polifolia) 1 2 +1%
Bog asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum) 16 20 +4%
Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus) 1 1 No change
Hare’s-tail cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum) 6 9 +3%
Deergrass (Trichophorum cespitosum) 20 18 -2%
Sundew (Drosera spp.) 1 1 No change
Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) 0 0 No change
Common cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium) 4 3 -1%
Non-crustose lichens 0 0 No change
Wavy hair grass (Deschampsia flexuosa) 0 0 No change
Tormentil (Potentilla erecta) 0 0 No change
Purple moorgrass (Molinia caerulea) 50 45 -5%
Table 7: Overall changes in percentage cover of species within herb layer between 2014 and 2017.
Figure 6: Percentage ground cover of herb layer species within vegetation quadrats from 2014-2017. Quadrat 9 was added in 2015.
0
20
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80
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120
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Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9
Perc
enta
ge c
ove
r
Quadrat
Bog rosemary Bog asphodel Cranberry
Hare’s-tail cottongrass Deergrass Sundew
Crowberry Common cottongrass Non-crustose lichens
14
Shrub layer
The overall changes in the shrub layer across the site between 2014 and 2017 were minimal; an
overall 3% decrease in cover of bog Myrtle Myrica gale, a 3% increase in cross-leaved heath Erica
tetralix and no change in cover of ling heather Calluna vulgaris was recorded (Table 8). However
there were distinct differences in shrub layer composition and cover between quadrats, and
generally shrub composition within each quadrat changed very little (figure 7). Q1 had by far the
highest Myrica gale cover (an no other shrub species) although this declined over the study period
from 80% in 2014 to 50% in 2017. Q3 and Q6 had shrub layers dominated by Myrica gale,
exclusively so in Q6. A mix of Myrica gale, Erica tetralix and Calluna vulgaris was present in each of
the following quadrats: Q2, Q4, Q5, Q7, Q8 and Q9.
Shrub layer species 2014 2017 Observed changes
Bog myrtle Myrica gale 59 56 -3%
Cross-leaved heath Erica tetralix 11 14 +3%
Ling heather Calluna vulgaris 30 30 No change
Table 8: Overall changes in percentage cover of species within shrub layer between 2014 and 2017
Figure 7: Percentage ground cover of shrub layer species within vegetation quadrats from 2014-2017. Quadrat 9 was added in 2015.
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Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9
Per
cen
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co
ver
Quadrat
Bog myrtle (Myrica gale) Cross-leaved heath (Erica tetralix) Ling heather (Calluna vulgaris)
15
3.3 Peat depth data A peat depth survey of Dalmellington Moss was carried out by Openspace (Cumbria) Ltd. in
December 2013. The following information is taken by the report by Openspace (Cumbria) Ltd.
(2014).
Peat depth was recorded at 11 locations across the Moss. A Vanwalt Russian peat corer was used
to determine the depth of the peat. The peat corer was a standard soil corer with a sampling end of
1m. Additional 1m poles could be added with connectors to extend the sampling depth. On hitting a
resistance a core was taken and brought up for analysis. Before doing this a measurement in cm
was taken from the peat surface to the top of the handle. The core brought up was examined to
identify the substrate and a measurement taken of the non-peat substrate. At each location the
average peat depth was calculated and the location noted on the field map with a GPS reading.
The field results from the peat depth survey have identified the location where peat occurred. The
maximum depth of 4.9m was recorded at two locations which generally correlated to the centre of
the site. The peat depths reduced towards the rivers with a transition from the centre of the site
along the Molinia-dominated slope to the marshy grassland. No peat was recorded within the
marshy grassland/willow carr areas since the substrate was silt and clay. The clay substrate was
distinguished by fen carr and fen/marsh habitats and correlated to the river habitat zone. The peat
depth adjacent to the main road presented some deep peat with one measure of 4.8m to 3.3m. This
indicates the peat body goes under the road and forms part of one hydraulic unit with the peat
habitat the other side of the A713.
The peat results provide limited information to draw detailed conclusions but the peat bog is located
over a narrow linear hollow. The river habitat has provided a natural barrier to the south with the
northern boundary restricted by the mineral ridge. Peat depths are displayed in Table 9 and a map
showing the peat depth values at Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve can be seen in Figure 8.
Date surveyed Sample point Grid reference Peat depth (cm)
Dec-16 1 NS 46644 06443 370
Dec-16 2 NS 46907 06328 330
Dec-16 3 NS 47090 06225 Clay
Dec-16 4 NS 46860 06209 320
Dec-16 5 NS 46606 06341 490
Dec-16 6 NS 46588 06189 Clay
Dec-16 7 NS 46257 06250 Clay
Dec-16 8 NS 46342 06449 470
Dec-16 9 NS 46100 06450 Clay
Dec-16 10 NS 46389 06540 480
Dec-16 11 NS 46209 06447 490
Table 9: Peat depth values at Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve (taken from report by
Openspace (Cumbria) Ltd., 2014)
16
Figure 8: Map showing peat depth values at Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve Wildlife Reserve (taken from report by Openspace (Cumbria)
Ltd, 2014
17
3.4 Species data The following species surveys have been carried out at Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve by CEI and volunteers (Table 10): Date Survey Description/outputs
6th September
2014
Spider survey 12 people came along to this identification workshop led by
Chris Catrine from Caledonian Conservation. The session had
volunteers searching for spiders on SWT Dalmellington Moss
using the new ‘bug vac’ equipment followed by an
identification session indoors using microscopes.
22nd
July 2015 Vegetation monitoring 11 volunteers came together to survey 9 fixed quadrats. Great
sundew and Four spot-chaser dragonfly were among the
many records to be made.
8th July 2016 Vegetation monitoring 5 volunteers surveyed the 9 fixed quadrats on SWT
Dalmellington Moss.
27th July 2017 Vegetation monitoring 2 volunteers surveyed the 9 fixed quadrats. An emperor moth
caterpillar was recorded.
Table 10: survey summary 294 species have been recorded by CEI at Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve. A species list for
Dalmellington Moss is included in Annex 1.
18
4 Future monitoring Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve is managed by Scottish Wildlife Trust. The Trust will continue to monitor the vegetation and hydrology in the future. See the Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve Management Plan (Scottish Wildlife Trust, 2018) for further information. 5 References CEI - Monitoring - D.1 - SEPA - Rainfall Data East Ayrshire. SNH ref: A2880048 EACEI - Monitoring - D.1 - Dipwell monitoring BY site. SNH ref: A2880046 EcoCoLife - CEI - Dalmellington Moss July 2017. SNH ref: A2681913 EcoCoLife - CEI - Dalmellington Moss - vegetation results July 2016. SNH ref: A2681911 CEI - Monitoring - D.1 - Dalmellington Moss - Hydrological monitoring report. SNH ref: A2896027 CEI - Monitoring - D.1 - Dalmellington Moss - Data review. SNH ref: A2895825 CEI - Monitoring - D.1 - Dalmellington Moss - Monitoring network installation. SNH ref: A2896028
6 Acknowledgements
EACEI would like to thanks its partners Scottish Wildlife Trust, particularly Gill Smart, for permitting EACEI to deliver peatland enhancement work at Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve and for playing an integral role in designing and progressing the enhancement plans for the site. Thanks also go to Peatland Action staff Andrew McBride, Emily Taylor and Ewan Campbell for their valuable advice. The work carried out by peatland contractors, Conservefor Ltd. and Openspace (Cumbria) Ltd. was also of a high standard. Thanks go to Ella Pendleton of Pendleton Hydro Ltd. for her assistance with the hydrological monitoring set up and data analysis. EACEI would like to give special thanks to volunteers of EACEI and Scottish Wildlife Trust for assisting with the numerous monitoring and species surveys carried out at the Reserve.
19
7 Annex 1
Dalmellington Moss Wildlife Reserve species list
Purple denotes Scottish Biodiversity Action Plan Species
Taxa Common name Latin
Amphibian Juvenile smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris
Amphibian Common frog Rana temporaria
Bird Sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
Bird Sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
Bird Skylark Alauda arvensis
Bird Teal Anas crecca
Bird Mallard Anas platyrhyncus
Bird Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis
Bird Grey heron Ardea cinerea
Bird Carrion crow Corvus corone
Bird Reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus
Bird Snipe Gallinago gallinago
Bird Eurasion curlew Numenius arquata
Bird Willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus
Bird Wren Troglodytes troglodytes
Bird Song thrush Turdus philomelus
Fungi Black-foot polypore fungus Cerioporus leptocephalus
Fungi Salix Daedaleopsis confragosa
Fungi Filipendula leaf Erysiphe ulmariae
Fungi Attached Vacinium oxy leaf Exobasidium rostrupii
Fungi Salix Fuscoporia ferruginosa
Fungi Fallen Carex leaf Lachnum caricis
Fungi Juncus culm Mycena bulbosa
Fungi Salix Polyporus leptocephalus
Fungi Valerian leaf Puccinia caricina
Fungi Viola Leaf Puccinia violae
Fungi Rumex acetosa leaf Ramularia rubella
Fungi Fallen Andromeda leaf Rhytisma andromedae
Fungi Salix Stereum rugosum
Fungi Filipendula leaf Triphragmium ulmariae
Invertebrate Spectacle moth Abrostola tripartita
Invertebrate Knot grass moth Acronicta rumicis
Invertebrate Micro moth Agonopterix conterminella
Invertebrate Micro moth Agriphila straminella
Invertebrate Dotted carpet moth Alcis jubata
Invertebrate Chrysomelidae Altica sp.* probably lythri
Invertebrate Orange tip butterfly Anthocharis cardamines
Invertebrate Dark Arches moth Apamea monoglypha
Invertebrate Ringlet butterfly Aphantopus hyperatus
Invertebrate Micro moth Apotomis betuletana
Invertebrate Garden tiger moth Arctia caja
Invertebrate Micro moth Argyresthia brockeella
20
Invertebrate Gold spangle moth Autographa bractea
Invertebrate Plain golden Y moth Autographa jota
Invertebrate Beautiful golden Y moth Autographa pulchrina
Invertebrate Tortrix moth Bactra lancealana
Invertebrate Weevil Barynotus moerens
Invertebrate Micro moth Batrachedra praeangusta
Invertebrate Tree bumblebee Bombus hypnorum
Invertebrate White-tailed bumblebee Bombus lucorum
Invertebrate Common wave moth Cabera exanthemata
Invertebrate Common white wave moth Cabera pusaria
Invertebrate Light emerald moth Campaea margaritaria
Invertebrate Micro moth Catoptria magaritella
Invertebrate Pearl-band grass veneer moth Catoptria margaritella
Invertebrate Micro moth Catoptria pinella
Invertebrate Haworth's minor moth Celaena haworthii
Invertebrate Dark strawberry tortix moth Celypha lacunana
Invertebrate Broom moth Ceramica pisi
Invertebrate Antler moth Cerapteryx graminis
Invertebrate Latticed heath moth Chiasmia clathrata
Invertebrate Hoverfly Chrysogaster solstitialis
Invertebrate Hoverfly Chrysogaster virescens
Invertebrate Hieroglyphic ladybird Coccinella hieroglyphica f. typica
Invertebrate Green carpet moth Colostygia pectinataria
Invertebrate Purple bar moth Cosmorhoe ocellata
Invertebrate Micro moth Crambus perella
Invertebrate Scalloped oak moth Crocallis elinguaria
Invertebrate Scirtid beetle Cyphon sp.
Invertebrate Elephant hawk-moth Deilephila elpenor
Invertebrate Burnished brass moth Diachrysia chrysitis
Invertebrate Purple clay moth Diarsia brunnea
Invertebrate Ingrailed clay moth Diarsia mendica
Invertebrate Small square spot moth Diarsia rubi
Invertebrate Common marbled carpet moth Dysstroma truncata
Invertebrate Common heath moth Emarturga atomaria
Invertebrate Spider Enoplognatha ovata
Invertebrate Bordered beauty moth Epione repandaria
Invertebrate Common carpet moth Epirrhoe alternata
Invertebrate Marmalade hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus
Invertebrate Micro moth Eucosma cana
Invertebrate Northern spinach moth Eulithis populata
Invertebrate Hoverfly Eupodes corollae
Invertebrate Drinker moth Euthrix potatoria
Invertebrate Purple-backed cabbageworm moth Evergestis pallidata
Invertebrate Barred straw moth Gandaritis pyraliata
Invertebrate Large emerald moth Geometra papilionaria
Invertebrate Yarrow plume moth Gilmeria pallidactyla
Invertebrate Double dart moth Graphiphora augur
Invertebrate Micro moth Hedya atropunctana
21
Invertebrate Water scavenger beetle Helophorus brevipalpis
Invertebrate Water scavenger beetle Helophorus flavipes
Invertebrate Micro moth Heyday pruniana
Invertebrate July highflyer moth Hydriomena furcata
Invertebrate Water beetle Hydroporus palustris
Invertebrate Marsh oblique-barred moth Hypenodes humidalis
Invertebrate Riband wave moth Idaea aversata
Invertebrate Small fan-footed wave moth Idaea biselata
Invertebrate Map-winged swift moth Korscheltellus fusconebulosa
Invertebrate Bright-line brown-eye moth Lacanobia oleracea
Invertebrate Chrysomelid beetle Luperus longicornis
Invertebrate True lover's knot moth Lycophotia porphyrea
Invertebrate Wolf spider sp. Lycosidae
Invertebrate Fox moth Macrothylacia rubi
Invertebrate Hoverfly Melanostoma mellinum
Invertebrate Common rustic agg. Moth Mesapamea secalis
Invertebrate Smoky wainscot moth Mythimna impura
Invertebrate Hoverfly Neoascia tenur
Invertebrate Carrion beetle Nicrophorus investigator
Invertebrate Large yellow underwing moth Noctua pronuba
Invertebrate Iron prominent moth Notodonta dromedarius
Invertebrate Pebble prominent moth Notodonta ziczac
Invertebrate Beautiful china-mark moth Nymphula nitidulata
Invertebrate Brimstone moth Opisthograptis luteolata
Invertebrate Weevil Orchestes fagi
Invertebrate Oblique carpet moth Orthonama vittata
Invertebrate Green pug moth Pasiphila rectangulata
Invertebrate Swallow prominent moth Pheosia tremula
Invertebrate Spiked shield bug Picromerus bidens
Invertebrate Green-veined white butterfly Pieris napi
Invertebrate Hoverfly Platycheirus occultus
Invertebrate Gold spot moth Plusia festucae
Invertebrate Lempke's gold spot moth Plusia putnami
Invertebrate Predatory fly Pogonota barbata
Invertebrate Micro moth Pyrausta purpuralis
Invertebrate Red soldier beetle Rhagonycha fulva
Invertebrate Straw dot moth Rivula sericealis
Invertebrate Emperor moth Saturnia pavonia
Invertebrate Pinion-streaked snout moth Schrankia costaestrigalis
Invertebrate Early thorn moth Selenia dentaria
Invertebrate Hoverfly Sphaerophoria spp.
Invertebrate A plume moth Stenoptilia bipunctidactyla
Invertebrate Land snail Succinea spp.
Invertebrate Giant tachinid fly Tachina grossa
Invertebrate Spider Tetragnatha extensa
Invertebrate Red admiral butterfly Vanessa atalanta
Invertebrate Welsh wales moth Venusia cambrica
Invertebrate Dotted clay moth Xestia baja
22
Invertebrate Double square-spot moth Xestia triangulum
Invertebrate Crab spider Xysticus cristatus
Mammal Roe deer Capreolus capreolus
Mammal Field vole Microtus agrestis
Mammal Fox Vulpes vulpes
Plant Yarrow Achilea millefolium
Plant Sneezewort Achillea ptarmica
Plant Common bent Agrostis capillaris
Plant Bog rosemary Andromeda polyfolia
Plant Wood anemone Anemone nemorosa
Plant Wild Angelica Angelica sylvestris
Plant Cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris
Plant Michaelmas daisy Aster spp
Plant Downy birch Betula pubescens
Plant ling heather Calluna vulgaris
Plant Hedge bindweed Calystegia sepium
Plant Water sedge Carex aquatilis
Plant White Sedge Carex canescens
Plant Oval sedge Carex leporina
Plant Carnation sedge Carex panicea
Plant Bottle Sedge Carex rostrata
Plant Common knapweed Centaurea nigra
Plant Common mouse ear Cerastium fontanum
Plant Rosebay Willowherb Chamerion angustifolium
Plant Opposite leaved saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium
Plant Creeping thistle cirsium arvense
Plant Marsh thistle Cirsium palustre
Plant Cocks foot grass Dactylisglomerata
Plant Common spotted orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii
Plant Heath spotted orchid Dactylorhiza maculata
Plant Tufted hair grass Deschampsia cespitosa
Plant Great sundew Drosera anglica
Plant Oblong-leaved sundew Drosera intermedia
Plant Common sundew Drosera rotundifolia
Plant Round leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia
Plant Male fern Dryopteris filix-mas
Plant Great willowherb Epilobium hirsutum
Plant Marsh willowherb Epilobium palustre
Plant Field horsetail Equestrium arvense
Plant water horsetail Equisetum fluviatile
Plant Cross-leaved Heath Erica tetralix
Plant Common cottongrass Eriphorum angustifolium
Plant Hare's-tail cottongrass Eriphorum vaginatum
Plant meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria
Plant Common hemp-nettle Galeopsis tetrahit
Plant Cleavers Galium aparine
Plant Marsh-bedstraw Galium palustre
Plant Geranium Geranium
23
Plant Water avens Geum rivale
Plant Hogweed Heracleum spondylium
Plant Yorkshire fog holcus lanatus
Plant Creeping soft grass Holcus mollis
Plant Sharp-flowered rush Juncus acutiflorus
Plant Soft-rush Juncus effusus
Plant meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis
Plant Perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne
Plant Greater bird's-foot trefoil Lotus pendunculatus
Plant Ragged robin Lychnis flos-cuculi
Plant Water mint Mentha aquatica
Plant Purple moorgrass Molinia caerulea
Plant Bog myrtle Myrica gale
Plant Bog asphodel Narthecium ossifragum
Plant Bogbean nyanthes trifoliata
Plant marsh lousewort Pedicularis palustris
Plant Redleg Persicaria malculosa
Plant Reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea
Plant Ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata
Plant Heath milkwort Polygala serpyllifolia
Plant Silverweed Potentilla anserina
Plant Tormentil Potentilla erecta
Plant Marsh cinquefoil Potentilla palustris
Plant creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens
Plant White beaked sedge Rhyncospora alba
Plant Bramble Rubus fruiticosus agg
Plant Common sorrel Rumex acetosa
Plant Broad-leaved dock Rumex obstusifolius
Plant Eared willow Salix aurita
Plant Goat willow Salix caprea
Plant Grey willow Salix cinerea
Plant Wood club-rush Scirpus sylvaticus
Plant Ragwort Senecio jacobaea
Plant Canadian goldenrod Solidago canadensis
Plant Smooth sow thistle Sonchus oleraceus
Plant marsh woundwort Stachys palustris
Plant Devil's-bit scabioius Succisa pratensis
Plant Deergrass Trichophorum germanicum
Plant Zig-zag clover Trifolium medium
Plant Red clover Trifolium pratense
Plant Colt's-foot Tussilago farfara
Plant Common nettle Urtica dioica
Plant Cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos
Plant Common valerian Valeriana officinalis
Plant Tufted vetch Vicia cracca
Plant Marsh violet Viola palustris
Plant (bryophyte) Greasewort Aneura pinguis
Plant (bryophyte) Bog bead-moss Aulacomnium palustre
24
Plant (bryophyte) River feather-moss Brachythecium rivulare
Plant (bryophyte) Rough-stalked feather-moss Brachythecium rutabulum
Plant (bryophyte) Heart-leaved spear-moss Calliergon cordifolium
Plant (bryophyte) Pointed spear-moss Calliergonella cuspidata
Plant (bryophyte) Swedish pouchwort Calypogeia sphagnicola
Plant (bryophyte) Heath star-moss Campylopus introflexus
Plant (bryophyte) Two-horned pincerwort Cephalozia bicuspidata
Plant (bryophyte) Bryophyte Cephalozia catenulata
Plant (bryophyte) Forcipated pincerwort Cephalozia connivens
Plant (bryophyte) Heath threadwort Cephaloziella hampeana
Plant (bryophyte) Hair pointed feather-moss Cirriphyllum piliferum
Plant (bryophyte) Broom fork-moss Dicranum scoparium
Plant (bryophyte) Common striated feather-moss Eurhynchium striatum
Plant (bryophyte) Blunt feather-moss Homalia trichomanoides
Plant (bryophyte) Mamillate plait-moss Hypnum andoi
Plant (bryophyte) Heath plait-moss Hypnum jutlandicum
Plant (bryophyte) Mouse-tail moss Isothecium myosuroides var. myosuroides
Plant (bryophyte) Common feather-moss Kindbergia praelonga
Plant (bryophyte) Bristly fingerwort Kurzia pauciflora
Plant (bryophyte) Bristly fingerwort Kurzia trichoclados
Plant (bryophyte) Large/smaller white-moss Leucobryum glaucum
Plant (bryophyte) Hill notchwort Lophozia sudetica
Plant (bryophyte) Tumid notchwort Lophozia ventricosa
Plant (bryophyte) Bluish/whiskered veilwort Metzgeria consanguinea
Plant (bryophyte) Forked veilwort Metzgeria furcata
Plant (bryophyte) Bluish/whiskered veilwort Metzgeria violacea
Plant (bryophyte) Swan's-neck thyme-moss Mnium hornum
Plant (bryophyte) Anamolous flapwort Mylia anomala
Plant (bryophyte) Dwarf neckera Neckera pumila
Plant (bryophyte) Rustwort Nowellia curvifolia
Plant (bryophyte) Matchstick flapwort Odontoschisma denudatum
Plant (bryophyte) Bog-moss flapwort Odontoschisma sphagni
Plant (bryophyte) Elegant bristle-moss Orthotrichum pulchellum
Plant (bryophyte) Lesser featherwort Plagiochila porelloides
Plant (bryophyte) Hart's-tongue thyme-moss Plagiomnium undulatum
Plant (bryophyte) Red-stemmed feather-moss Pleurozium schreberi
Plant (bryophyte) Common haircap moss Polytrichum commune var. commune
Plant (bryophyte) Bog haircap moss Polytrichum strictum
Plant (bryophyte) Woolly fringe-moss Racomitrium lanuginosum
Plant (bryophyte) Dotted thyme-moss Rhizomnium punctatum
Plant (bryophyte) Sickle-leaved hook-moss Sanionia uncinata
Plant (bryophyte) Austin's bog-moss Sphagnum austinii
Plant (bryophyte) Red bog-moss Sphagnum capillifolium subsp. capillifolium
Plant (bryophyte) Red bog-moss Sphagnum capillifolium subsp. rubellum
Plant (bryophyte) Compact bog-moss Sphagnum compactum
Plant (bryophyte) Feathery bog-moss Sphagnum cuspidatum
Plant (bryophyte) Flat-topped bog-moss Sphagnum fallax
Plant (bryophyte) Flexuous bog-moss Sphagnum flexuosum
25
Plant (bryophyte) Magellanic bog-moss Sphagnum magellanicum
Plant (bryophyte) Blunt-leaved bog-moss Sphagnum palustre
Plant (bryophyte) Papillose bog-moss Sphagnum papillosum
Plant (bryophyte) Squarrose bog-moss Sphagnum squarrosum
Plant (bryophyte) Lustrous bog-moss Sphagnum subnitens
Plant (bryophyte) Soft bog-mos Sphagnum tenellum
Plant (bryophyte) Rigid bog-moss Sphagnum teres
Plant (bryophyte) Common tamarisk-moss Thuidium tamariscinum
Plant (bryophyte) Crisped/Bruch's pincushion moss Ulota bruchii
Plant (bryophyte) Balding pincushion moss Ulota calvescens
Plant (bryophyte) Crisped/Bruch's pincushion moss Ulota crispa s.l.
Reptile Adder Vipera berus