Life after Charlemagne

Feudalism and Manorialism

The fall of the Carolingian Empire Louis the Pious (814-840)

Charlemagne’s son Character The Arrangement of the Empire 817

causes a civil war between his 4 sons The Treaty of Verdun (843) Charles the Bald, Louis the

German and Lothar They were all too weak to keep local

lords in check (used land to gain favors)

The Treaty of Verdun

Feudalism Accelerated by the invasions of the

9th Century Vikings Magyars (Hungary) Muslims

New social order needed because Kings and Emperors could no longer protect people

Feudalism:The new political order

The basis is the fief which was granted by a lord to a vassal Vassals swore an oath of Fealty and

promised military service Other duties Vassals could become lords Result: Political power became property

for great counts and lords

Mutual Obligations

Feudal contract Lord granted his

vassal a fief (estate / land)

Peasants to work the land were included as part of the fief

Manorialism:The new economic order

The role of the Serf (Servile) Obligations

3 days a work days a week, maintain the manor, they belong to manor

Must pay to use services, a tax to both the lord and the Church (Tithe)

Subject to the lords justice, not really free They received a small plot for themselves

(Approx. 1 acre) The Manor…self sufficient…no real trade

Barter System

Knights,Chivalry and Castles

Knights Chivalry Began as a squire Attempt to win land (how)

Castles From wood to stone Attack Defense

Knights

Knights – Mounted warriors

Age of 7 Boy was slated to

be a Knight Difficult training as

a Squire Structured

discipline Chivalry

The Medieval Church

Chapter 7 section 3

The Expanded Role of the Clergy

Early Caesaropapism: Popes of this time were forced to assume both temporal and spiritual authority Doctrine of Papal supremacy Pope Gregory the Great (590-614) (Chant)

exercised independent Temporal power (ex: helped the poor)

The importance of the Church Center of town life (all important events

happen there) Rise of cathedrals

Romanesque v. Gothic Architecture

Romanesque Architecture: 11th and 12th Centuries Fortress like appearance, rounded arch,

heavy ceilings to support massive thick walls, small windows very little light or color

Gothic Architecture (Began in the late 1100’s) Between 1180 and 1270 80 Gothic

Cathedrals were built in France Pointed arches (flying buttresses) high

ceilings, thin walls, stained glass windows, light, color

Church Influence Canon Law – based on

religious teachings, governed many aspects of life, including wills, marriages, and morals

Disobey? Excommunication Interdict

Excluding an entire town/region/kingdom from receiving sacraments

Monastic life

St. Benedict (Monte Cassino 529): The rules for monastic life

The Role of Monks and Nuns Manuscript illumination Missionary work (St. Boniface) Hospitals, education of farmers

Corruption and Reform

As power grew discipline weakened

Wealth and positions of power began to corrupt the intentions of the Church Lay Investiture Simony Marriage, etc.