life and climate change report

ASTRALE ‘gamma-CONTRACT’

Contribution of LIFE projects to the implementation and further development of EU climate change policies and legislation

February 2015 (Ver 3)

Climate ChangethematiC Study

thomas mayer

ASTRALE ‘GAMMA-CONTRACT’

Climate Change Thematic Study Contribution of LIFE projects to the implementation and further development of EU climate change policies and legislation

Author

Mr Thomas Mayer February 2015 (Ver 3)

© LIFE07

Climate Change Thematic Study February 2015 Final p. 2 / 11

Table of contents

1 Executive summary .................................................................................................................. 6

2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Principal objectives of the study ......................................................................................... 7 2.2 Methodology of this study ................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Limitations of the Study .................................................................................................... 10 2.4 Using this study: Searching rather than reading ............................................................... 11

3 EU climate policies and related legislation .......................................................................... 12 3.1 The 20-20-20 targets and the Europe 2020 Strategy ....................................................... 12 3.2 Mitigation .......................................................................................................................... 12

3.2.1 The Climate and Energy Package .................................................................................... 12 3.2.2 Emissions and removals related to land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) ... 13 3.2.3 The transport sector .......................................................................................................... 13

3.3 Adaptation ......................................................................................................................... 14 3.3.1 EU Adaptation Strategy .................................................................................................... 14

4 LIFE’s position within the overall suite of EU climate finance tools ................................. 15 4.1 The mainstreaming approach ........................................................................................... 15 4.2 Targeted funding instruments ........................................................................................... 16

4.2.1 NER300 – low-carbon technology development ............................................................... 16 4.2.2 LIFE - innovative climate projects ..................................................................................... 16

5 Development of climate change categories ......................................................................... 18

6 Overview of LIFE projects in graphs .................................................................................... 21 6.1 Numbers of projects and years selected .......................................................................... 21 6.2 Climate change projects in the LIFE strands, years and regions ..................................... 21

6.2.1 Distribution of projects and EU contribution by country .................................................... 23 6.2.2 EU contribution per project ............................................................................................... 25 6.2.3 Scoring of climate change projects ................................................................................... 27

6.3 Graphs on general categories .......................................................................................... 29 6.3.1 Who initiates and coordinates LIFE projects? ................................................................... 29 6.3.2 Phases of the solution cycle ............................................................................................. 30

6.4 Graphs on adaptation projects .......................................................................................... 31 6.4.1 Lists of adaptation projects, grouped by different resources affected by climate change 31

6.5 Graphs on mitigation projects ........................................................................................... 32 6.5.1 Sectors active in mitigation via LIFE ................................................................................. 32


Section B: All projects in clusters ........................................................................................... 33

7 Lists of selected project clusters .......................................................................................... 34 7.1 Adaptation projects ........................................................................................................... 34

7.1.1 Resource affected: Agriculture & Forestry ........................................................................ 36 7.1.2 Resource affected: Marine resources ............................................................................... 38 7.1.3 Resource affected: Biodiversity (species and habitats) .................................................... 39 7.1.4 Resource affected: Human health and comfort ................................................................ 40 7.1.5 Resource affected: Infrastructure/ disaster prevention ..................................................... 41 7.1.6 Resource affected: Water cycle/resources management/prediction ................................. 43 7.1.7 Resource affected: Social: migration, social tension, jobs. No LIFE projects available. .. 44 7.1.8 Resource affected: Unspecific private education /response ............................................. 44 7.1.9 INF (LIFE Information and Communication ) projects on adaptation ................................ 45

7.2 Mitigation projects ............................................................................................................. 46 7.2.1 Energy supply: Power/fossil combustion (decrease fuel consumption) ............................ 48 7.2.2 Energy supply: carbon capture and storage (end-of-pipe) ............................................... 49 7.2.3 Energy supply: Alternative energy supply ......................................................................... 50 7.2.4 Energy supply: Energy demand response (shifting the time of demand) ......................... 59 7.2.5 Energy consumption: Urban (public budget) non-specific energy saving/efficiency ......... 60 7.2.6 Energy consumption: Buildings/housing ........................................................................... 62 7.2.7 Energy consumption: Industrial production ....................................................................... 66 7.2.8 Energy consumption: Transport/mobility (including road) ................................................. 71 7.2.9 Energy consumption non-road: Rail, aviation and ships ................................................... 75 7.2.10 Energy consumption: Agriculture ...................................................................................... 76 7.2.11 Energy consumption: LULUCF - Land use, land use change and forestry ....................... 79 7.2.12 Energy consumption: non-specific private/bottom-up change of habits ............................ 82 7.2.13 Non-CO2 emissions .......................................................................................................... 85 7.2.13.1 Non-CO2 emissions: Agriculture/livestock waste .............................................................. 86 7.2.13.2 Other non-CO2 emissions from Agriculture ....................................................................... 87 7.2.13.3 Non-CO2 emissions: Methane from bogs ......................................................................... 88 7.2.13.4 Non-CO2 emissions: Industrial processes ........................................................................ 89 7.2.13.5 Non-CO2 emissions: Waste .............................................................................................. 90 7.2.13.6 Non-CO2 emissions: Landfill gas ...................................................................................... 91 7.2.13.7 Non-CO2 emissions: Other/general .................................................................................. 92 7.2.14 INF (Information and Communication) projects on adaptation ......................................... 92

7.3 Crosscutting topics and projects ....................................................................................... 94 7.3.1 Crosscutting topic: greenhouse gas monitoring ................................................................ 94 7.3.2 Crosscutting projects with a broad scope ......................................................................... 96

Section C: Conclusions and recommendations ................................................................... 103

Annexes

Annex 1: ..Database of LIFE climate change projects (electronic file) .................................... 107

Annex 2: ..List of all 59 adaptation projects ................................................................................. 108


Figures Figure 1: Climate relevant projects funded each year (2000 – 2012). ............................................ 21 Figure 2: Number of climate projects by LIFE strand (branch) ........................................................ 22 Figure 3: Distribution of projects by country for the years 2000-2012 ............................................. 23 Figure 4: Average EU contribution per project ................................................................................ 25 Figure 4: Scoring of projects ........................................................................................................... 27 Figure 5: Level of governance in climate change projects. ............................................................. 29 Figure 6: Projects by phase of the “solution” cycle [in % of the number of projects]. ...................... 30 Figure 7: Adaptation projects resource affected by climate change [in % of 59 adaptation projects].......................................................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 8: Mitigation projects by sectors (coarse) ............................................................................. 32 Figure 9: Mitigation projects by sectors (detail) ............................................................................... 32 Figure 10: Adaptation projects by country ....................................................................................... 34 Figure 11: Mitigation projects by country ......................................................................................... 46 Figure 12: Subdivision of projects on alternative energy supply. .................................................... 50 Figure 13: Non CO2 greenhouse gas emissions: Budget and EU contribution. .............................. 85 Figure 14: Non CO2 greenhouse gas emissions: project numbers by LIFE strands ....................... 85

Image on the front page Taken from “EU strategy on adaptation to Climate Change Media resource sheet”

European Commission - MEMO/13/335 16/04/2013:

Change in summer precipitation for 2071–2100 vs 1961–1990 (%)


Abbreviations

BIO LIFE Biodiversity Projects

CC Climate Change

DG Directorate General

DG CLIMA Directorate General Climate Action

DG ENV Directorate General Environment

DG MARE Directorate General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries

EEA European Environment Agency

EC European Commission

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

ENV LIFE Environment Policy and Governance strand

EU European Union

GHG Greenhouse Gas

GIS Geographical Information System

GMES Global Monitoring for Environment and Security

INF LIFE Information and Communication strand (of the LIFE+ programme 2007 – 2013)

IPPC Directive 96/61/EC and 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

LIFE + European Union Financial Instrument for the Environment (2007-2013)

LIFE III European Union Financial Instrument for the Environment (2000-2006)

LIFEtrack LIFE programme monitoring database

LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry

NAT LIFE Nature and Biodiversity strand

Natura 2000 The EU wide network of nature protection areas established under Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive)

NGO Non-Governmental Organisation

PRE LIFE Preparatory projects

RBMP River Basin Management Plan

TCY LIFE Third Countries strand

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

WFD Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (Water Framework Directive)

VOC Volatile Organic Compound


1 Executive summary This thematic LIFE study provides information on solutions brought by the LIFE programme to mitigation or adaptation to climate change.

The study is targeted at experts within the EC (especially DG CLIMA) as well as to the general public, who search for reference LIFE projects in various fields related to climate change.

In view of the very high number of projects linked to climate change (CC) - 366 projects - it was decided to take a two-phase approach. This study comprises the first phase: It identifies projects relevant to CC, classifies them and makes it easy to filter by specific search criteria.

These may be questions such as: • “Which LIFE projects have covered a certain subtopic?” • “Has LIFE already funded a project similar to a new proposal?” • “Which projects should contact each other due to similarities?”

To this end, the study contains a large part of more than 50 small project clusters of systematically defined sub-topics of climate change. In addition, it comes with a spreadsheet database, which contains additional information on the projects and strong filter features.

Based on the structured information collated during this first phase, in a later second phase it will be possible to conduct a more detailed analysis of sub-topics such as ‘climate change and industrial processes’ or ‘climate change in agriculture’, (i.e. comparable to the previous thematic studies).

Impressive scope of the LIFE programme After the clusters were categorised into graphs and lists, it became clear that the LIFE programme delivers an impressive scope of solutions and innovative approaches concerning the full range of sub-topics of climate change.

• With 366 projects funded, climate change is a major theme in the LIFE programme. • Between 2000 and 2012, the EU contributed about 350 m€ to projects relevant for climate

change with a total budget of some 900 m€.

The breadth of coverage is also impressive: the LIFE programme has dealt with all bar one of more than 50 CC subtopics. Although there are more projects in some categories (e.g. ‘housing/construction’. ‘industry’ or ‘road transport’) than in others (e.g. ‘railway’), at this stage of analysis, the funding programme appears fairly balanced in terms of thematic coverage, as well as in other aspects examined.

However, three issues of imbalance were also found: • There is a striking regional imbalance, with two countries (Spain and Italy) dominating the

LIFE projects. • There is an imbalance between the two main themes, as adaptation with 59 projects lags

behind mitigation with 335 projects. • A third imbalance concerns the topic ‘Social: migration, social tension, jobs’. So far, this

social tension topic is not visible in LIFE projects.

The classifications developed during this study have provided a suitable structure for the broad topic of climate change. As no such structure had been found at the outset, it may be an additional benefit of this study.


2 Introduction The LIFE Environment and Eco-Innovation Unit (now LIFE Environment Unit) requested that Astrale GEIE should, in the context of the Enhancing Tasks of LIFE monitoring contracts, assess the contribution of LIFE projects to the implementation, dissemination and further development of a number of EU environmental policies and legislation. Starting with the ‘pilot study’ in 2011 focusing in particular on waste and resource efficiency, Astrale GEIE developed a methodology that has subsequently been used and adapted to produce a series of thematic studies including, waste, air & noise, soil, water and most recently, marine environment.

In 2014, the LIFE Unit requested a similar piece of work that would focus on the adaptation to and mitigation of the negative effects of climate change (prepared as part of Astrale Gamma contract 2014).

2.1 Principal objectives of the study Astrale GEIE’s communications remit covers a range of tasks (updating the LIFE website, compilations of new and Best projects, digital newsletters, etc). Part of this remit covers the production of thematic studies and LIFE Focus (thematic) brochures. In 2014, it was agreed to produce both a thematic study and LIFE ENV Focus brochure on climate change. The following table outlines the different objectives of each :

Thematic study Thematic brochure (LIFE Focus) Author LIFE Monitoring Team LIFE Communications Team

Purpose • Show how projects implement EU legislation.

• Show which LIFE projects have dealt with the topic and with which subtopics (classification, clusters).

• Provide a basis for further research for information by the user (e.g. to find projects addressing a certain issue or to compare a new project proposal with what has been previously funded)

• Provide a basis for the thematic brochure

• LIFE Focus brochures provide an overview of LIFE’s work in a particular thematic area. In particular, they describe LIFE’s contribution to the implementation of relevant policy through its projects.

• • Sometimes the EC directs a brochure to aid an actual policy process (e.g. revision of strategy etc.)

• Analysis of the impact of projects at programme level (individual projects only are used to highlight the programme’s activities).

• Designed to have a public relations function (e.g. dissemination at sectoral events etc.)

Scope • All LIFE projects bystrand (ENV/ NAT), within a specific theme, and a plausible period (e.g. after 2003)

• Short abstracts of projects (objectives, results as available in LIFE project database)

• Feature articles highlighting the relevant work of groups of projects in four or five policy (sub)topics of current interest to the EC.

• In-depth features on individual projects that are representative of the chosen theme. These are conducted by journalists and include interviews and project visits.

• Interviews with selected experts and other topic-related input.


Layout • Report document with mainly text and tables

• If suitable, Excel table for filtering and search

• Print-ready Pdf • Professional layout • Incorporates professional design elements, high-quality photos, infographics, foreword, interviews, feature articles, project list. Printed for thematic dissemination at events and via OPOCE.

Distribution • PDF circulation to selected experts in EC

• Online at LIFE homepage and “Other publications” page for download

• If appropriate, presentation at Green Week and/or other EU events

• Printed brochure for the general public, policymakers, practitioners and (EC) experts in the thematic field..

• Online on the LIFE homepage and LIFE programme publications “Focus publications“ page for download

• If appropriate, presentation at Green Week and/or other EU events

Timing • If possible, before the thematic brochure

• Ideally, work to start after the thematic study is completed, so that the study can be used in project selection.

As an additional requirement, DG CLIMA requested that the thematic study should support the selection of LIFE climate action projects in future LIFE calls. It would do this by providing an overview of what LIFE has done to date, by identifying climate change sub-topics that may have received less (or no) support, and by making it possible to quickly identify whether or not project proposals were similar to already-funded LIFE projects. .

Based on the requirements outlined above, the thematic study can thus be said to have the following specific objectives:

• Present the main current EU policies and legislation regarding CC

• Review all climate change-related LIFE projects to examine trends and costs of implementation (both total and EU contributions).

• Develop sub-topics and categories in order to subdivide the wide spectrum of climate-relevant topics.

• Group the large number of projects by these categories.

• Check for imbalances in the climate change field of the LIFE programme.

• Provide a tool for quick access to relevant projects in order to aid the selection of climate relevant projects in the upcoming LIFE calls.

2.2 Methodology of this study The format and content of the report greatly differs from the previous study reports produced for the waste, water, air, noise and maritime sectors.

At the beginning of the study, it was not clear how many LIFE climate projects there had been, since projects prior to LIFE+ (2007 onwards) were not tagged with a climate identifier. Identifying appropriate projects involved the following steps: Firstly, projects that were obviously irrelevant to climate were excluded;; secondly, projects approved before the year 2000 were excluded (with the exception of 14 projects from 1994 to 1999 that appeared interesting). This left a ‘long list’ of more than 650 LIFE projects from 2000 to 2012 that had to be checked manually. Analysis of the


background and objectives sections of the online project summaries of each of these projects led to the final list of 366 relevant projects.

Projects approved in 2011 and 2012 have only recently started and many more are still ongoing and haven't been completed. They have been included in the scope of the study as it is important to know who is currently working on which topic. Underperforming and failed projects have also been included as they may provide valuable information for projects with similar objectives.

It was decided that instead of cherry-picking 50 projects to to give a cross-section of the range of LIFE projects within the climate change topic, it would be much more helpful to provide a tool for experts and those responsible for managing the LIFE programme: A tool to search the data and pinpoint projects that match a precise user query.

As for previous thematic studies, the first step was to research the policy background and current developments. The author then used two databases to find LIFE projects in the field of climate change. These were the Astrale internal LIFEtrack database and the (public-facing) LIFE project database, available online at the LIFE website1. By combining these sources, the author is confident that all relevant projects have been captured.

By then it was clear that there would be more projects on the topic than in previous thematic studies and the reader – or rather, user – would require a tool in order to:

1) Filter an appropriate set of projects from the total number of climate change projects,

2) Put the resulting information into lists, which can easily be scanned;; and

3) Provide links to further details regarding the individual projects.

Regarding the first requirement, five to 20 projects appeared the optimum number. Precise categorisation of the 366 total366 climate change projects would thus be essential to achieving this target. The importance of defining such categories often is undervalued. Their development is described in an later chapter. The categories proved very useful as a means of finding the clusters of projects listed in section B of this report.

The second requirement was to make the filtered results both compact and comprehensible. Each project has an acronym, however, this by itself normally cannot explain what the project is about. Conversely, the full project title may be 20 words or more (e.g. Zero Emission Firing strategies for ceramic tiles by oxy-fuel burners and CO2 sequestration with recycling of by-products), which can make reading through a list of selected projects rather strenuous. Therefore the author – after reading the “background”, “objective” and “results” paragraphs for each project – created an ultra-short descriptor for each project. For the above example it was “Oxy-firing and CO2 sequestration in greenhouse”.

The third requirement for the user is to have easy access to more detailed information. Thus we have included the background, objectives and results sections of each relevant project summary in the spreadsheet database that is an integral part of this study.

An example of how the information is presented in the print version of the study is shown below:

Project short description Duration

Budget x1000 €

(LIFE funding) Contact

web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000424 LIFE ZEF-tile: Oxy-firing and CO2 sequestration in greenhouse

7/13-12/15 1.257 (593)

Arturo GHINI [email protected]

Link website

−

1 LIFE project database: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm


In the database version, the same example project is presented as follows:

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000424 LIFE ZEF-tile Oxy-firing and CO2 sequestration in greenhouse

Background When firing tiles, CO2 is released due to the oxidation of natural gas. The amount of CO2 produced per unit mass of finished product ranges from 90 to 125 g/kg in the case of single firing, and up to 140 g/kg in the case of ‘porcelainised’ stoneware. Moreover, since air is used as a source of oxygen in the burners, large quantities of nitrogen are introduced to the firing kiln and NOx are generated.

Objectives The objective of the LIFE ZEF-tile project is to demonstrate the feasibility of applying oxy-fuel technologies to the firing stage of ceramic tile production in order facilitate CO2 sequestration. By using pure oxygen, instead of air, to burn hydrocarbons such as methane, the exhaust gases will contain only CO2 and water vapour. As a result, it will no longer be necessary to heat the inert gases contained in air and thus waste energy in continuously heating and cooling gases not directly involved in the combustion process. Moreover, it will lead to a proportional reduction in the volume of exhaust gas, which can then be processed easily due to its simple composition.

For this purpose, the project will set up a demonstrative roller kiln with burners modified in order to use pure oxygen. As part of the process, water vapour will be condensed in order to leave a stream of almost pure CO2, which will then be subjected to sequestration techniques. The project team will assess the effect of using part of the CO2 flux to boost plants and vegetables growth in a greenhouse, and will compress and store another part in liquid form to be used in different ways. For example, one part will be immobilised in mineral to be further recycled as raw material in the manufacture of other ceramic products.

Expected results: • An innovative zero emission firing process for ceramic tiles;;

• Direct recycling of 100% of the gas processing by-products of ceramic tile production as milling or glazing water, and as carbonates for ceramic body composition;;

• Zero particulate emissions, due to the ideal combustion conditions in the oxy-fuel burners and to the installation of ash filters;;

• Reduced heat losses from exhaust gases due to the use of heat exchangers and the reduction in gas volume;;

• Condensable flue gases (CO2 and H2O), making compression separation possible;;

• A 95% reduction in the production of NOx by using technically pure oxygen;;

2.3 Limitations of the Study There are several limiting factors that should be taken into consideration when reading this study:

• . Although the Kyoto protocol was agreed in December 1997, it was only in 2004, with the addition of the keyword ‘climate protection’, that it became possible to precisely identify climate-relevant LIFE projects. From 2007 (LIFE+) applicants have been able to mark their proposal as climate change relevant. February 2010 saw the creation of two new relevant Directorates-


General within the European Commission: DG Energy (ENER) and DG Climate Action (CLIMA)2.

• Since DG CLIMA begun sharing responsibility for the management of the LIFE programme in 2014, its interests largely guided the terms and scope of this study. Since nearly all CO2 emitted by human activities stems from energy generation/consumption, it was deamed impractical to separate climate projects from energy projects. Astrale and DG CLIMA agreed at the outset that climate-relevant energy projects may be dealt with separately in a future study.

• The topic climate change is – via its main emission source: combustion of fossil fuels - very closely related to energy generation and energy consumption. Accordingly, it is present in a wide range of branches and activities – and in turn in a very high number of LIFE projects. This fact makes it necessary to approach the topic in two steps: Firstly to identify and classify climate change relevant projects and secondly to choose sub-topics of climate change and go into a more detailed analysis (comparable to the previous thematic studies). The second step can only be done after the first one. This study therefore concentrates on the first of these two steps and has produced a database and search tool covering the breadth of climate change LIFE projects. The discussion of individual projects and the highlighting of their results are left for the user or for further detailed studies in the future (e.g. on climate change mitigation in agriculture, industry or energy supply). This approach proves to be of high value for users who need to find answers to questions such as • Which LIFE projects have covered a certain climate change subtopic? • Has LIFE already funded projects similar to a newly-submitted proposal? • Which beneficiaries should contact each other due to similarities in their projects?

For the general public, Astrale has produced a LIFE Focus brochure on LIFE and Climate change mitigation. A second publication, LIFE and Climate change adaptation, will follow in 2015.

2.4 Using this study: Searching rather than reading There are five to 10 times more climate change projects than there were projects for the topics of previous thematic studies. Climate change is closely interlinked with energy consumption and material transformation/processing (e.g. CO2) as well as natural decomposition (e.g. CH4) and chemical processes (e.g. nitrous oxide), which in turn are a considerable part of any human activity and of any LIFE project.

The present study does not review single projects, but instead, as a first step makes climate change projects visible and puts them in clusters. From those clusters projects may be chosen and analysed in more detail in future studies.

How to use the study: The author suggests to read the overview first and then select the short project lists closest to a specific search topic. Searching is made easy by two features:

• In order to find the right projects the author has developed stringent categories with as little overlap as possible (see chapter ‘Development of categories’) and applied them to all projects.

• In order to allow for quick scanning through projects the author created a condensed project descriptor of four to eight words for each of the 366 projects, pinpointing its objective.

These two features were found to be crucial from the outset and therefore much of the work for this study consisted in their implementation.

2 http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/oettinger/headlines/news/2010/02/20100217_en.htm


3 EU climate policies and related legislation3 With a view to facilitating a transition towards a green, low carbon and resource efficient economy and contributing to a more climate-resilient Europe, the DG's strategy addresses both mitigation and adaptation needs in an integrated approach.

3.1 The 20-20-20 targets and the Europe 2020 Strategy The European Union strongly acknowledges that tackling climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing the world. The need for urgent action is clearly reflected in the EU’s ambitious climate and energy package, a set of binding legislation establishing three targets for 2020 (known as the "20-20-20 targets"):

• 20% reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels (or even 30% if other major economies agree to undertake their fair share of a global emissions reduction effort);;

• Raising the share of EU energy consumption produced from renewable resources to 20%;;

• A 20% improvement in the EU's energy efficiency.

Climate change and energy sustainability are also included among the five headline targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy, launched in 2010 to create the conditions for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. In the same year, the EU established an ad-hoc Directorate-General for Climate Action (DG CLIMA) to help the Commission in the development and implementation of a broad and diversified range of climate policies.

3.2 Mitigation

3.2.1 The Climate and Energy Package The Climate and Energy Package comprises four pieces of complementary legislation, which are intended to achieve the 20-20-20 targets:4

1. The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) Review The EU ETS is the cornerstone of EU climate policies and the key tool for cutting industrial greenhouse gas emissions most cost-effectively. The climate and energy package includes a comprehensive revision and strengthening of the legislation which underpins the EU ETS, the Emissions Trading Directive (2003/87/EC). The revision applies from 2013, the start of the third trading period of the EU ETS. Major changes include the introduction of a single EU-wide cap on emission allowances in place of the existing system of national caps. The cap will be cut each year so that by 2020 emissions will be 21% below the 2005 level. The free allocation of allowances will be progressively replaced by auctioning, starting with the power sector. The scope of sectors and gases covered by the system will be slightly widened.

3 This chapter and the following one (LIFE’s position within the overall suite of EU climate finance tools)‘ were kindly contributed by DG Climate Action (Unit A2 Climate finance and deforestation). 4 The climate and energy package does not address the energy efficiency target directly. This is being done through the 2011 Energy Efficiency Plan and the Energy Efficiency Directive by DG ENERGY. More information at <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/index_en.htm>.


2. The Effort Sharing Decision: national targets for non-EU ETS emissions Under the so-called Effort Sharing Decision, Member States have committed to binding annual targets for reducing their greenhouse gas emissions from the sectors not covered by the EU ETS, such as housing, agriculture, waste and transport (excluding aviation and international maritime shipping). Around 60% of the EU's total emissions come from sectors outside the EU ETS. The national targets, covering the period 2013-2020, are differentiated according to Member States' relative wealth (measured by GDP per capita). They range from a 20% emissions reduction (compared to 2005) by the richest Member States to a 20% increase by the least wealthy (though this will still require a limitation effort by all countries). Member States must report on their emissions annually under the EU monitoring mechanism.

3. The Renewable Energy Directive: national renewable energy targets Under the Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC), Member States have taken on binding national targets for raising the share of renewable energy in their energy consumption by 2020. These targets, which reflect Member States' different starting points and potential for increasing renewables production, range from 10% in Malta to 49% in Sweden. The national targets will enable the EU as a whole to reach its 20% renewable energy target for 2020 - more than double the 2010 level of 9.8% - as well as a 10% share of renewable energy in the transport sector. The targets will also help to cut greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the EU’s dependence on imported energy.

4. The Carbon Capture and Storage Directive: geological storage of carbon dioxide The fourth element of the climate and energy package is a directive (in preparation) creating a legal framework for the environmentally safe use of carbon capture and storage technologies. Carbon capture and storage involves capturing the carbon dioxide emitted by industrial processes and storing it in underground geological formations where it does not contribute to global warming. The directive covers all CO2 storage in geological formations in the EU and lays down requirements which apply to the entire lifetime of storage sites.

3.2.2 Emissions and removals related to land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF)

Emissions and removals related to land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) are not covered by the EU ETS Directive or the Effort Sharing Decision. In the light of a decision by UNFCCC parties in December 2011 to revise accounting rules for GHG emissions and removals from soils and forests, in March 2012 the European Commission made a proposal to harmonise accounting rules for these emissions and removals across the EU as a first step towards incorporating agriculture and forestry into the EU's emission-reduction efforts. Following the approval of the proposal by the Council and the European Parliament, the decision entered into force on 8 July 2013. The EU decision requires Member States to report on their actions to increase removals and decrease emissions of GHG from activities related to forestry and agriculture. The legislation goes further than the UNFCCC decision by phasing in mandatory accounting for grassland management and cropland management at the level of Member States. This will enhance the overall environmental integrity of GHG accounting in the EU by making it more complete. Accounting for the draining and rewetting of wetlands will remain voluntary, as in the international context. The EU decision does not set a target for emission reductions in the LULUCF sector. The Commission will consider whether to propose GHG targets for agriculture and forestry sectors once the accounting rules have proven their value.

3.2.3 The transport sector The transport sector is the second biggest producer of greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. More than two thirds of transport-related greenhouse gas emissions are from road transport. Whilst emissions from other sectors are generally falling, those from transport have increased 36% since


1990. The EU has policies in place to reduce emissions from a range of modes of transport. These include:

Extension of the EU ETS to emissions from aviation (until 2016, only flights to and from the EU and the three EEA-EFTA states);;

Strategy to reduce CO2 emissions from new light-duty vehicles (passenger cars and vans), which includes binding emissions targets;;

Strategy to reduce CO2 emissions from new heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) in both freight and passenger transport, which focuses on short-term action to certify, report and monitor emissions from truck and buses;;

CO2 labelling of cars, including a label showing a car's fuel efficiency and CO2 emissions;;

A Low Carbon Fuel Standard which requires a reduction of the greenhouse gas intensity of vehicle fuels by up to 10% by 2020.

3.3 Adaptation Climate change mitigation and adaptation action must be developed hand in hand. To avoid the most serious risks of climate change, global warming must be limited to below 2ºC above pre-industrial level. Yet, however successful mitigation is, the impacts of climate change will keep increasing in the coming decades. Adaptation action can address many of these risks: for instance, each euro spent on flood protection could save six euros in damage costs. Several measures provide co-benefits, such as in energy, agriculture or forestry.

3.3.1 EU Adaptation Strategy The Commission adopted an EU Adaptation Strategy in April 2013. It promotes adaptation action in order to contribute to a more climate-resilient Europe.

The Strategy aims to complement the activities of Member States by supporting the promotion of greater coordination and information-sharing, and by ensuring that adaptation considerations are addressed in all relevant EU policies. The Strategy focuses on three key objectives:

• Promoting action by Member States: The Commission will encourage all Member States to adopt comprehensive adaptation strategies (currently 16 have strategies) and will provide funding to help them build up their adaptation capacities and take action. The Strategy specifically refers to LIFE funding, which is aimed at supporting capacity building and stepping up adaptation. The Commission also supports adaptation in cities through the Mayors Adapt initiative, a voluntary commitment within the framework of the Covenant of Mayors5.

• 'Climate-proofing' action at EU level by further promoting adaptation in key vulnerable sectors such as agriculture, fisheries and cohesion policy, ensuring that Europe's infrastructure is made more resilient, and promoting the use of insurance against natural and man-made disasters. The EU Adaptation Strategy is accompanied by documents which explore relevant sector-specific climate induced challenges, and the measures and tools which can be activated to adapt to these challenges.

• Better informed decision-making by addressing gaps in knowledge about adaptation and further developing the European climate adaptation platform (Climate-ADAPT) as the 'one-stop shop' for adaptation information in Europe.

5 The Covenant of Mayors (www.covenantofmayors.eu) is the mainstream European movement involving local and regional authorities, voluntarily committing to increasing energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources on their territories.


4 LIFE’s position within the overall suite of EU climate finance tools

4.1 The mainstreaming approach The existing climate policy toolkit of the EU is complemented and further enhanced by the so-called "mainstreaming approach". Climate policy mainstreaming has begun at the strategic level by the agreement of the European Council to place energy and climate goals amongst the Europe 2020 strategy's five headline targets. To further advance this horizontal process, the EU agreed in February 2013 that at least 20% of its €960 billion budget to 2020 should be spent on Climate change-related action. The Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) for the period 2014-2020 will therefore provide an important contribution to a shift towards a low-carbon and climate resilient society.

Following what is undoubtedly a very innovative feature for a public budget, Climate change mitigation and adaptation objectives will now be integrated into all main spending areas through the inclusion of dedicated provisions in the basic legal acts for major EU instruments and programmes. For centrally managed instruments climate expenditure will be tracked at the level of projects. This would be the case for example of:

• Horizon2020, which has the objective to reserve 35% of its budget for climate-relevant action in the field of research and innovation.

• The Connecting Europe Facility (CEF), which finances projects in the energy, transport and digital sectors, including €23bn to smart transport infrastructure and €5bn to energy infrastructure (mainly transmission grids for renewable energy).

• The Global Public Goods and Challenges Programme (GPGC) under the Development and Cooperation Instrument (DCI), which establishes that 25% of the total budget must be spent on climate and environment objectives.

European Structural and Investment Funds (ESI Funds) For the shared managed instruments, specific rules have been adopted to track Member States' climate spending through the five European Structural and Investment Funds (ESI Funds):

• The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF);;

• The European Social Fund (ESF);;

• The Cohesion Fund (CF);;

• The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD);;and

• The European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF).

The ESI Funds are altogether coordinated via the Common Provisions Regulation (CPR), which sets out the means to achieve consistency with the economic policies of the EU and its Member States, coordination mechanisms among the ESI funds themselves and with other EU policies and instruments, horizontal principles and cross-cutting objectives. Climate mainstreaming is embedded in the Thematic Objectives (TO) of the CPR: TO 4 and 5 are dedicated to climate change mitigation and adaptation. The targets of each Member State are set in a Partnership Agreement and translated into actions under the ESI Funds with their proper objectives and priorities.

In the framework of EU Regional Policy, the ERDF will for example invest at least 20% into low-carbon economy projects in more developed regions, 15% in transition regions and 12% in least-developed regions. Under the reformed Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) compulsory Green


Direct Payments have been introduced in Pillar I, accounting for 30% of the national direct payment envelope, which rewards farmers for respecting three obligatory agricultural practices, namely maintenance of permanent grassland, ecological focus areas and crop diversification. Under Pillar II, the EAFRD will finance Member States' Rural Development Programmes (RDPs) 2014-2020, which have now to comply with the legal obligation to earmark 30% of the budget of certain measures for climate and environment objectives.

4.2 Targeted funding instruments In addition, EU climate policies and the related legislation are promoted through a range of targeted funding instruments, including:

4.2.1 NER300 – low-carbon technology development Established by Article 10a(8) of the EU Emissions Trading Directive and further developed through Commission Decision 2010/670/EU (NER300 Decision), the NER300 funding programme provides substantial funding for the large-scale demonstration of environmentally-safe carbon capture and storage (CCS) and innovative renewable energy (RES) within the European Union and it is one of the world's largest programmes in this area. NER300 is so called because it is funded from the sale of 300 million emission allowances from the New Entrants Reserve (NER) set up for the third phase of the EU ETS. The funds from the sales are to be distributed to projects selected through two rounds of calls for proposals, covering 200 million and 100 million allowances respectively. NER 300 is managed by DG CLIMA in cooperation with the European Investment Bank and Member States. It is one of the most conspicuous deliverable of the ETS in favour of innovation and low-carbon technology.

The NER 300 first call for proposals was launched late 2010 and the Award Decision for 23 RES projects was adopted in December 2012 (and later amended in 2014). No CCS project was awarded at the time. At the moment, only one of the projects is already operational (an Italian advanced biofuels project). The other projects will enter into operation between 2014 and 2016. The second NER 300 call was launched in April 2013. A total of 32 projects were submitted, and 23 of them passed the evaluation process. The NER 300 second Award Decision, indicating which projects will receive funding was expected to be adopted in June-July 2014.

4.2.2 LIFE - innovative climate projects Within the overall EU budget for the period 2014-2020, the new Climate Action sub-programme of the LIFE Programme for Environment and Climate Action will provide €864 million in co-financing for climate projects in the following priority areas:

• Climate Change Mitigation, focusing on reducing greenhouse gas emissions;;

• Climate Change Adaptation, focusing on increasing resilience to climate change;;

• Climate Governance and Information, focusing on increasing awareness, communication, cooperation and dissemination on climate mitigation and adaptation actions.

As it will represent less than 0.5 % of all climate-relevant spending6, it will have to be used in a strategic and innovative manner. According to the agreement between Member States and the European Parliament, it is envisaged to complement the bulk of climate-relevant finance under the other EU budget headings.

6 EU press release of 9 November 2013: The EU has agreed that at least 20% of its budget for 2014-2020 – as much as €180 billion − should be spent on climate change-related action.


LIFE Climate Change Mitigation

With a view to contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the priority area Climate Change Mitigation has in particular the following specific objectives:

- To contribute to the implementation and development of Union policy and legislation on climate change mitigation, including mainstreaming across policy areas, in particular by developing, testing and demonstrating policy or management approaches, best practices and solutions for climate change mitigation.

- To improve the knowledge base for the development, assessment, monitoring, evaluation and implementation of effective climate change mitigation actions and measures and to enhance the capacity to apply that knowledge in practice.

- To facilitate the development and implementation of integrated approaches, such as for climate change mitigation strategies and action plans, at local, regional or national level

- To contribute to the development and demonstration of innovative climate change mitigation technologies, systems, methods and instruments that are suitable for being replicated, transferred or mainstreamed.

LIFE Climate Change Adaptation

With a view to contributing to supporting efforts leading to increased resilience to climate change, the priority area Climate Change Adaptation has in particular the following specific objectives:

- To contribute to the development and implementation of Union policy on climate change adaptation, including mainstreaming across policy areas, in particular by developing, testing and demonstrating policy or management approaches, best practices and solutions for climate change adaptation, including, where appropriate, ecosystem-based approaches.

- To improve the knowledge base for the development, assessment, monitoring, evaluation and implementation of effective climate change adaptation actions and measures, prioritising, where appropriate, those applying an ecosystem-based approach, and to enhance the capacity to apply that knowledge in practice.

- To facilitate the development and implementation of integrated approaches, such as for climate change adaptation strategies and action plans, at local, regional or national level, prioritising, where appropriate, ecosystem-based approaches.

- To contribute to the development and demonstration of innovative climate change adaptation technologies, systems, methods and instruments that are suitable for being replicated, transferred or mainstreamed.

LIFE Climate Governance and Information

The specific objectives of the priority area Climate Governance and Information are in particular:

- To promote awareness raising on climate matters, including generating public and stakeholder support of Union policy-making in the field of the climate, and to promote knowledge on sustainable development.

- To support communication, management, and dissemination of information in the field of the climate and to facilitate knowledge sharing on successful climate solutions and practice, including by developing cooperation platforms among stakeholders and training.

- To promote and contribute to more effective compliance with and enforcement of Union climate legislation, in particular by promoting the development and dissemination of best practices and policy approaches.

- To promote better climate governance by broadening stakeholder involvement, including NGOs, in consultation on and implementation of policy.


5 Development of climate change categories The broad scope of climate change-relevant LIFE projects made grouping necessary in order to find projects matching certain questions (e.g. to find projects dealing with carbon sequestration or alternative energies etc.). Such categories were not available in the LIFE online project database, the LIFE proposals, at the EC or other official sources (as far as could be ascertained from the desk research).

The author therefore developed several sets of categories, tested them with a number of projects secured the agreement of DG CLIMA to proceed with them in the frame of this study.

Application of the categories to more than 360 projects revealed the need for some fine tuning. As a result of this testing phase, the following structure was reached:

Categories Entr

ies Explanatory remarks

*)

General category 1: Level of governance 366 From where is the change initiated or coordinated?

National/international government initiative/authority 27

Development cooperation (national/international) 3 Mainly concerns TCY projects,.

Non-governmental group/network for national(ly envisaged) implementation

41

Regional planning, infrastructure 65

Urban planning (green and grey) and construction 79

Branch or association/ university as a proxy for a branch 67 e.g. innovations that concern a whole branch.

Company or single entity 128

Private households (voluntarily) or proxy 27

General category 2: Phase of "solution" cycle (Cycle starts with problem analyses and ends with standardisation of tested solutions=.)

366 What is the project's main contribution to counter climate change?

Research (prior to plant set up) 78

Measuring/monitoring 35

Planning/coordination 58

Software/simulation 35

Hardware/plant/prototype 199

Implementation of measures (construction, method, workforce) 77

Networking/motivation/Information 93

Regulation /taxes /emission trade 26


Categories Entries

Explanatory remarks

Adaptation 1: Primary effect of climate change All adaptation projects were put into at least one of these categories:

59 Adaptation to which threat?

Sudden disasters: extreme weather, singular droughts, floods, pests, temperature 32

Slow changes: water scarcity 36

Slow changes: temperature (air and water) 35

Slow changes: sea level 9

Adaptation 2: Resource sector impacted by climate change All adaptation projects were put into at least one of these categories:

59 Adaptation in which sector?

Agriculture and Forestry 24

Marine resources, coastal zones 7

Biodiversity (species and habitats) 10

Human health and comfort 14

Infrastructure/disaster prevention 22

Water cycle/resources management/prediction 10

Social: migration, social tension, jobs 0

Non-specific private education/response 11

Mitigation Mitigation projects were put into one of the following the sub-categories. (Some exceptional cases were put into two sub-categories.)

335

Subset: Energy supply/generation 109 Power supply and distribution

Power/fossil combustion (decrease fuel consumption) 7

Carbon capture and storage /end-of-pipe 6

Alternative energy supply (with subdivision) 99

Including alternative fuel

Energy demand response 3 Shifting the time of demand

Other than energy supply sector, focus on CO2 237 Power/fuel consumption

Urban (public budget) unspecific energy saving/efficiency 24

Buildings/housing 50

Industrial production 76

Transport/mobility (incl. road) 52

Rail 3

Aviation 1


Categories Entries

Explanatory remarks

Shipping 6

Agriculture 26

LULUCF: Land use, land use change and forestry, incl. carbon sequestration 27

Non-specific private (private responsibility)/bottom-up change of habits 26

Other (e.g. administrational preparation, capacity building, ...) 25

Non-CO2 GHG emissions 61 Methane, nitrous oxide etc.

Agriculture: livestock waste 15

Agriculture: other non-CO2 8 e.g. fertiliser

CH4 from bogs 8

Industrial process 8

Waste 6

Landfill gas 13

Other/general 3

*) The sum of projects entered in the sub-categories may be higher than the total number of projects due to multiple entries per project.

The following chapter graphically displays the numbers of projects assigned to the categories.


6 Overview of LIFE projects in graphs

6.1 Numbers of projects and years selected As indicated above, some 650 LIFE projects selected from various sources were checked for their climate relevance, of which 366 were deemed suitable for inclusion in this study (see spreadsheet database).

• In general, projects approved before 2000 were excluded, except 14 projects approved between 1994 and 1999 that appeared to be relevant. However, these 14 projects are not included in the yearly statistics/graphs in order not to bias the results. Of the 366 projects, 73 projects (or 17%) are LIFE2004 contracts or older.

• Projects that failed during implementation were not excluded, as valuable lessons can be learned from the reasons for failure.

• Only a few LIFE Nature projects were recognised as climate relevant. A number of projects on bog and mire restoration were taken into account because of the role these habitats can play in avoiding methane emissions from soil and carbon sequestration. Eight such projects were included, because of their focus on climate change and the size of the bogs involved.

6.2 Climate change projects in the LIFE strands, years and regions As Figure 1 shows, there has been a considerable increase in the number of climate change projects over the years It is important to note that only 61 of these projects have ‘climate’ in their title, so the increase is not down to labelling or keywords, but is a consequence of the content of the projects.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

number o

f projects

2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Climate relevant projects in LIFE

TCYPRENATINFENV

Figure 1: Climate relevant projects funded each year (2000-2012).

N.B.: LIFE01 projects do not exist as the numbering was changed between LIFE00 and LIFE02.

The figures indicate that the bulk of climate change projects have been co-funded under the LIFE ENV strand. (see Figure 2). It is important to note that the Commission co-funds a much smaller number of LIFE INF projects each year (and this strand only commenced in 2007). LIFE INF


replaced another small strand, TCY projects (for “third countries” outside the EU), which ended in 2006. A third small funding line PREparatory projects, has had fewer projects still. . The main reason why few LIFE NAT projects are relevant to climate change is that projects dealing with nature that have a focus on an innovative technology (e.g. forest management for climate change resilience, biomass from Natura 2000 sites or eco-friendly agriculture) have mostly been funded through LIFE ENV.

Climate relevant LIFE Projects by strand 2000-2012

31790%

62%31%123%

144%

ENV INF NAT PRE TCY

ENV

Figure 2: Number of climate projects by LIFE strand (branch)


6.2.1 Distribution of projects and EU contribution by country Figure 3 shows the breakdown of projects and EU contribution per country.

Distribution by countrynumber of projects and EU funding (in % of total)

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

SpainItaly

FranceSwedenGreece

United KingdomFinland

GermanyBelgium

NetherlandsPolandCyprusAustriaSlovakia

LuxembourgCzech Republic

DenmarkMalta

BulgariaSloveniaRomaniaHungary

LatviaCroatiaEstoniaIrelandIsrael

PortugalROS (Russia)

Turkey

number of projects 2000-2006EU funds 2000-2006number of projects 2007-2012EU funds 2007-2012

Figure 3: Distribution of climate change projects by country for the years 2000-2012

Analysis of these data show a strong imbalance in the regional distribution of projects and funding. For the period 2007-2012, at one end of the scale there were no projects in Ireland, Portugal and some former TCY countries, at the other, there were 22 projects in France, 55 in Italy and 59 in Spain (9%, 22% and 24% of the total respectively. In terms of funding, Spain is again the largest recipient, with 52 m€ (18,2% of the total), whilst Italy has received 51 m€ (17,7%). Conversely the UK has received 18 m€ for climate change projects and Hungary just 0,4 m€ (over six years).


This imbalance is not restricted to the climate relevant projects but concerns the whole LIFE programme:, Italy and Spain are the Member States with the most projects in total (including 67% of newly-selected LIFE ENV projects in 2013). The imbalance was evident during the years 2000 to 2006 already, but not to the current extreme. While the top ranking countries have seen massive increases, the next dozen of countries has seen partly severe decreases.

In part this is a result of the fact that LIFE is a bottom-up programme and Italy and Spain submit by far the most project applications. However, the distribution pattern strongly indicates that there may be a potential for improvement. In order to ensure that LIFE utilises Europe’s joint environmental innovative power in the best way, the EC should examine:

• Whether the current imbalance is desirable;;

• How Italy and Spain are able to produce so many more applications - and more successful ones - than other Member States;;

• What the latter could learn in order to be equally successful;; and

• What the EC could do to enable more (successful) applications from regions that appear to participate in LIFE below their potential.


6.2.2 EU contribution per project The EU contribution per project is depicted in the graph below. The spike in 2006 is due to several very large projects and at the same time a relatively small number of climate change projects in that year. Excluding 2006, the average EU contribution of 0,64 m€ per project for the period 2000-2005 nearly doubled to 1,2 m€ for the years 2007-2012 ( (LIFE+).

1,14

1,27

1,35

1,10

1,21

1,04

1,77

0,62

0,77

0,70

0,66

0,45

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0

Contribution in m€/ project

2000

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

EU contribution per project on average 2000-2012

Figure 4: Average EU contribution per LIFE climate change project

Looking at the 10 projects with the highest EU funding (see following list) it can be observed that final scores7 of the projects range from ‘below average’ to ‘excellent’. The same applies for the 10 projects with the lowest EU contribution. Size does not seem to be a reliable indicator of quality.

10 climate change projects with the highest EU LIFE contribution Project short description Duration

Budget x1000 € (LIFE funding) Contact

web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE08.NAT/UK/000202 MoorLIFE : Bogs, fens and mires

NAT 08 4/10-4/15

6.691 (5.018)

Catherine WYNN [email protected]

Link website

excellent

LIFE06.ENV/DK/000226 DEMO SOFC: Cheaper fuel cell

10/06-9/09 9.525 (4.763)

Niels Christiansen [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ very good

LIFE12.ENV/BE/000214 LIFE FLAT to FLAT: New method to recycle glass

7/13-12/17 10.477 (4.433)

Etienne DEGAND [email protected]

Link website

−

7 Scoring is done by the LIFE Monitoring Team at the end of each project. Since it was introduced 2007 it is not available for earlier projects. .


10 climate change projects with the highest EU LIFE contribution Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE06.PREP/A/000006 EC4MACS: Joint simulation of air pollution and climate

2/07-1/12 8.839 (4.417)

Markus Amann [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ excellent

LIFE11.ENV/CZ/000488 HOxyGas: Glass furnace optimisation (hot oxyburner)

6/12-1/16 9.304 (4.251)

Jiri Jangl [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE12.NAT/FI/000367 LIFE Saimaa Seal: Adapting habitat to explicit Climate Change threat

8/13-7/18 5.262 (3.946)

Raisa TIILIKAINEN [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE10.ENV/AT/000112 POLYWOOD: Wood gas refinement to car/ bus fuel and basic chemicals

9/11-12/15 9.682 (3.934)

Wolfgang HAFNER [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good, but aborted

LIFE10.ENV/BE/000696 AGICAL+: CO2 from combustion to grow microalgae.

11/11-9/16 9.152 (3.580)

Christophe Boonaert [email protected]group.com

Link website

below average

LIFE07.ENV/F/000179 HotOxyGlass: Oxygen instead of air for furnace to save energy

1/09-8/10 7.028 (3.440)


LIFE08.NAT/S/000268 Life to ad(d)mire : Halting emissions from 35 peat land sites

1/10-12/15 6.813 (3.407)

[email protected]

Link website

−

10 climate change projects with the lowest EU LIFE contribution Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE97.TCY/TR/037 Collect gas from waste dump: Landfill gas recovery

2/97-1/98 591 (159)

Ozdag YALCIN Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE04.ENV/LV/000634 ENCERB: Energy passport for buildings

9/04-9/06 301 (151)

Link website

good

LIFE05.ENV/F/000082 DIDEM: Save energy with new brick drying process.

11/05-1/09 502 (151)

Link website

below average

LIFE03.ENV/SLO/000559 VGE: Upgrade central heatings with ICT to save energy.

12/03-12/05

607 (149)

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE94.ENV/IT/000116 "Ginestra" Reintroduction of broom cropping: Bio fuel from broom (amongst other uses).

1/95-12/98 275 (138)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE94.ENV/F/000669 N2O recycling: N2O conversion plant.

4/94-12/94 500 (115)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE05.ENV/IT/000874 GHERL: Capture CO2 from landfills to get pure methane

12/05-5/08 217 (108)

Lidia LOMBARDI [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE98.ENV/NL/000183 The Iguana Project: Affordable sustainable housing

2/98-7/00 642 (91)

Hendrik GOMMER [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE02.ENV/E/000187 ENERWASTE: Test to bio-digest slaughterhouse waste

2/02-5/03 348 (84)

Link website

best of best

LIFE02.ENV/D/000406 NT-Plasma: Energy efficiency

2/02-10/03 435 (83)

Michael HAAS [email protected]

Link website

−


6.2.3 Scoring of climate change projects Since 2004, LIFE projects have been systematically scored by the LIFE Unit’s external monitoring team (the Astrale consortium) after completion (Final Report) based upon a set of ‘best practice’ criteria, e.g. for ENV projects their contribution to immediate;; and long-term environmental, economic and social improvements;; their degree of innovation and transferability;; their relevance to policy;; and their cost-effectiveness.

Scoring of CC projects [% of total 213 scored projects]

3%8%

7%

2% good or better80%

good or betterimplemented but not sustainableonly promising first stage reachedbelow averagecancelled before start

Figure 5: Scoring of projects

As the sources used for the study did not contain these systematic scores but only general descriptions, Figure 5 (above) only gives an estimate. However, a some 17% of the 213 projects for which a score was available, did not perform well and another 3% were cancelled before they even started. Cancelled projects were typically the result of co-financing issues. The failure rate of 17% (one in six projects performing poorly) is within acceptable limits given the innovative character of many LIFE ENV projects – innovation coming with the risk of failure. More data are needed to fully assess the success rate of the LIFE programme with regards to climate change projects.

To increase awareness of the LIFE programme and improve the dissemination of project results, annual awards (“Best” and “Best of the Best” LIFE Projects) are presented to those projects whose results, if widely applied, could have the most positive impact on the environment. A long-list of “Best” projects is based on the monitors’ scores. Representatives of the Member States then choose the “Best of the Best” projects from this selection.


Top scored climate change projects (“Best of the Best”) Project short description Duration

Budget x1000 € (LIFE funding)

web sum web site

LIFE99.ENV/D/000452 Stirling power station: Small Stirling power CHP - (with remote control of power generation)

2/99-12/01 2.141 (640)

Link -‐-‐

LIFE02.ENV/A/000285 BBMpassiv: Construct office building from renewable material

12/01-12/03 2.150 (780)

Link website

LIFE02.ENV/E/000187 ENERWASTE: Test to bio-digest slaughterhouse waste

2/02-5/03 348 (84)

Link website

LIFE02.ENV/FIN/000328 Paroc-WIM: Recycling of production waste within stone wool production

12/01-11/04 871 (194)

Link website

LIFE02.ENV/IT/000064 PVTRAIN: Photovoltaic panels on trains

11/02-10/04 1.253 (616)

Link -‐-‐

LIFE03.ENV/UK/000615 Ref Project: Mobile batch heater for road surface material

10/03-10/05 4.876 (1.004)

Link website

LIFE05.ENV/DK/000156 CO2REF: Transcritical CO2 refrigeration system

10/05-10/07 556 (167)

Link website

LIFE05.ENV/E/000319 MICROPHILOX: Micro turbines for low methane landfill gas

10/05-3/09 1.303 (582)

Link website

LIFE05.ENV/L/000047 ECOSB: VOC removal with energy savings

1/05-7/07 1.875 (417)

Link website

LIFE06.ENV/IT/000266 Seq-Cure: Test of different energy crops

12/06-2/10 1.917 (956)

Link website

LIFE06.ENV/S/000517 BIOAGRO: Pelltetised fuel from crops 1/06-6/09 5.227 (1.212)

Link website

It is noteworthy that all the “Best of the Best” projects have been mitigation projects and - except for Seq-Cure (LIFE06.ENV/IT/000266, Test of different energy crops) dealt with mit ‘hardware/plant/prototypes’ and were driven by a company.


6.3 Graphs on general categories After the administrative views on climate change projects in chapters 6.1 and 6.2, the following chapters look more at content and stakeholder-related views.

6.3.1 Who initiates and coordinates LIFE projects? The chart below shows the set of classifiers for “initiative/coordination” or “level of governance”. “Company or single entity” may, for example, be a project led by a single company that implements a prototype to solve a problem such as N2O removal in a production line.

On a broader level, a professional association or specialist research institute may coordinate a project that benefits a whole industry or sector (e.g. the ceramic industry).

For municipalities, a typical example would be a Local Agenda 21 project or a Local Adaptation Plan. In some cases this also involves the active participation of individual citizens or households. Similar applies to regional planning one level up.

At a higher level again, national authorities may lead a LIFE project, e.g. preparing an ETS implementation or extension or a National Adaptation Plan.

The level “Development cooperation” describes knowhow transfer to another country (“capacity building”, which took place e.g. in the (now defunct) TCY strand.

Who has the initiative / coordination in LIFE CC projects? [number of projects]

27

7

65

79

67

27

128

41

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

National/ international governmentinitiative/ authority

Development cooperation (nat/internat)

Non-gov. group/network for national(lyenvisaged) implementation

Regional planning, infrastructure

Urban planning (green and grey) andconstruction

Branch (or institution as a proxy)

Company or single entity

Private housholds (voluntarily) or proxy

number of projects

Figure 6: Level of governance in climate change projects.

In general the quite even distribution across the levels appears appropriate for the LIFE programme. The large number of projects at the “company” level can be attributed to several factors, including:

• LIFE ENV has a focus on large-scale innovative demonstration, typically to be implemented in industrial sites.

• High and locally-concentrated emissions are typically caused by specific companies (pressure to act).

• LIFE projects require significant project management skills.


6.3.2 Phases of the solution cycle A LIFE project can also be characterised by the phase within the solution cycle: does the project research the problem (e.g. how soil takes up carbon for sequestration), does it enable the regional monitoring of CO2 emissions or is it more focused on the later stages (e.g. implementing a prototype plant to remove N2O from a stream of exhaust air or implementing measures to restore bogs to regain their sequestration function. Finally, if a technology proves superior, it may become mandatory, which is the last phases in this solution cycle.

Which phases of the solution cycledo LIFE projects cover? [% weight]

Measuring/ monitoring. 4

Planning/ Coordination. 8

Networking/ motivation/

INFormation. 14

Research (prior to plant set up).

9

Hardware/ plant/

prototype. 44

Regulation / taxes /

emission trade. 3Implementation

of measures (construction,

method, workforce). 13

Software/ simulation. 5

Figure 7: Division of LIFE projects by phase of the solution cycle addressed [in % of total number of

projects]

Figure 7 shows that nearly half of the projects analysed address the “hardware/plant/prototype” phase, the remainder of the projects are fairly evenly distributed amongst the other seven phases.

This is in line with expectations given LIFE ENV’s focus on innovative technologies and methods.

Although LIFE a research programme, a handful of projects are engaged in “research” activities (e.g. LIFE10.ENV/FR/000208 FO3REST: Research of ozone and climate effects on leaves). The “Networking” phase in the cycle is naturally dominated by INF projects (not visible from the graph).

N.B.: “Weight %” in the title of the graph points to the fact, that one project can be assigned to more than one phase in the cycle. 199 have been assigned to “hardware” and 77 to “implementation of measures”. This would equal 54% of the 366 projects in total and 21% respectively. However, as there are more assignations than projects the percentage figures in the graphic are lower.


6.4 Graphs on adaptation projects

6.4.1 Lists of adaptation projects, grouped by different resources affected by climate change

Which affected resource is in the focus of LIFE adaptation projects? [% weight]

Infrastructure/ disaster

prevention. 33

Social: migration, social tension,

jobs. 0

Unspecific private education /response/

Insurance. 15

Water cycle/ resources managmt/

prediction. 15

Agriculture and Forestry.

58

Human health and comfort. 23

Biodiversity (species and habitats). 17

Marine resources, coastal zones. 13

Figure 8: Adaptation projects resource affected by climate change [in % of 59 adaptation projects].

The sectors for adaptation are self-explanatory. Two extremes are visible: “social: migration, social tensions, jobs” and “agriculture and forestry”. The first one, “Social: migration, social tension, jobs” is a typical social or economic topic and therefore not primarily associated with the environmental programme LIFE. However, if climate will change considerably there will be enormous migration streams and consecutively social changes. Therefore, at least there should be links between DG CLIMA and DGs concerned with social issues in order to discuss overlapping know-how, potentials and responsibilities.


6.5 Graphs on mitigation projects

6.5.1 Sectors active in mitigation via LIFE The division of the mitigation projects by sector was the most important and most challenging task in the setting up of categories. For a coarse division the “energy supply”, “CO2 from energy and fuel consumption” and “Non-CO2 GHG emissions” were found most suitable.

Figure 9: Mitigation projects by sector (coarse)

The figures on the right and below show the distribution of the 335 mitigation projects by sector in weight %: coarsely and in detail.

Which sectors go for mitigation with LIFE projects? [% weight]

Agriculture. 4,3 Unspecific private / bottom-up 4Other (e.g. administrational 4

Non-CO2 GHG. 12

LULUCF: 3,6Ships. 1,4Aviation. 0,3

Rail. 0,4

Urban (public budget) unspecific energy saving / efficiency. 3

Industrial production. 17,4

Transport/ mobility (incl. road). 12

Buildings/ housing. 12,1 Power/ fossil

combustion (decrease fuel). 1,0

Energy demand response. 0,7

Alternative energy supply. 23

Carbon Capture and Storage / end of pipe. 1,1

Figure 10: Mitigation projects by sector (detail)

Which sectors go for mitigation with LIFE projects? [% weight]

Energy supply /

generation. 23%

Non-CO2 GHG. 12%

Energy/ fuel consumption (CO2). 65%


Section B: All projects in clusters


7 Lists of selected project clusters The following chapters present all 366 climate change projects in mostly small clusters, each of which covers one sub-topic of climate change. For “adaptation”, the clusters each depict a “Resource sector impacted by climate change”, for “mitigation”, the clusters each represent a sector of activity. In total, more than 50 clusters list the total of the projects. The short descriptor gives the shortest possible summary of each project’s objectives.

To access the clusters for the other sets of categories (like “primary effect of climate change” or “Level of governance”) please refer to the electronic database in the annex. In the database you also find the summary descriptions of the projects and you also can apply individual filters.

7.1 Adaptation projects 59 LIFE projects were found to deal with adaptation. Half of them – 28 projects - cover both adaptation and mitigation issues. Thus adaptation has only a small share in the total of 366 climate change LIFE projects. This may change with the just started new LIFE programme period from 2014 – 2020: DG CLIMA has set a focus on adaptation.

Adaptation projects in LIFEShare of projects in %

Greece8%

Finland12%

United Kingdom15%

Spain20% Italy

20%

ItalySpainUnited KingdomFinlandGreeceSwedenLuxembourgGermanyDenmarkSlovakiaCyprusFranceMaltaAustriaCroatiaLatviaTurkey

Figure 11: Adaptation projects by country

In five countries three quarters of all adaptation projects take or took place. Additionally, one third of the Member States do not have any adaptation projects at all and thus do not appear in the figure above. It is hard to believe that there is only need and potential for LIFE projects in such few countries.


The following table shows that part of the total categories, which deal with adaptation. All adaptation projects were put into at least one of the categories concerning “primary effects” and also in at least one of the categories concerning the “resource sector impacted by climate change”.

Categories concerning adaptation Entries

*) Explanatory remarks

Adaptation 1: Primary effect of climate change All adaptation projects were put into at least one of these categories:

59 Adaptation to which threat?

Sudden disasters: extreme weather, singular droughts, floods, pests, temperature 32

Slow changes: water scarcity 36

Slow changes: temperature (air and water) 35

Slow changes: sea level 9

Adaptation 2: Resource sector impacted by climate change All adaptation projects were put into at least one of these categories:

59 Adaptation in which sector?

Agriculture and Forestry 24

Marine resources, coastal zones 7

Biodiversity (species and habitats) 10

Human health and comfort 14

Infrastructure/disaster prevention 22

Water cycle/resources management/prediction 10

Social: migration, social tension, jobs 0

Unspecific private education/response 11

*) The numbers in the sub-categories may be higher than the number in the next higher group due to multiple entries per project.

The sub-class “Resource sector impacted by climate change” provides a clearer distinction of the projects than the “primary effects”, which overlap more with other projects (i.e. projects that deal with more than one of its categories, e.g. with water scarcity as well as rising temperatures). Therefore “Resource sector” has been chosen for the presentation of the projects in this print version of the study. The following chapters give a compact glimpse on all adaptation projects (one line for each project) in eight short lists, one for each of the eight categories “Agriculture…”, “Marine…”, Biodiversity…” etc.

Within of the lists contain larger groups: • “Agriculture” with 24 projects (41% of the adaptation projects). • “Infrastructure/disaster prevention” with 22 projects (37%).


7.1.1 Resource affected: Agriculture & Forestry There are 24 adaptation projects in Agriculture & Forestry (total budget: 43,2 m€;; funding: 21,2 m€).

Further agriculture projects are displayed in the mitigation section of this report, namely in chapters

• 7.2.10 Energy consumption: Agriculture;;

• 7.2.13.1 Non-CO2 emissions: Agriculture/livestock waste;; and

• 7.2.13.2 Other non-CO2 emissions from Agriculture

Adaptation Agriculture & Forestry Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE05.TCY/TR/000164 Climate Change-TR: Capacity building in Turkey

11/05-10/07

361 (252)

Link website

LIFE07.ENV/E/000845 WATER CHANGE: Water resources modelling

1/09-12/11 1.238 (616)

Isabel Escaler [email protected]


LIFE07.ENV/FIN/000141 VACCIA: Assessment of Climate Change vulnerability of regions and sites via spatial data simulation.

1/09-12/11 3.122 (1.547)

Martin Forsius [email protected]


LIFE07.ENV/E/000824 LIFE+BOSCOS: Management plans for resilient forests

1/09-12/13 1.444 (718)

Joan JOANEDA [email protected]

Link -‐-‐

LIFE07.ENV/IT/000516 SUSTGREENHOUSE: Greenhouse horticulture

2/09-1/12 921 (440)

Paollo COLLEPARDI [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE08.ENV/E/000114 POWER: Water and energy efficiency in agriculture

1/10-12/12 1.421 (651)

María Nieves ZUBALEZ MARCO [email protected]

Link website

excellent

LIFE08.ENV/GR/000554 AdaptFor: Assess Climate Change impact on forests and adapt forest management

1/10-6/13 1.719 (833)

Link website

LIFE09.ENV/FI/000571 Climforisk: Compile forecast for forest changes due to Climate Change

1/11-12/14 1.486 (742)

Aleksi LEHTONEN [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000450 BIOENERGY & FIRE PREV.: Optimised forest logging plans and reduction of fire risk

10/10-9/13 1.024 (512)

Fernando PRADELLS MONZÓ [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000441 ACCIÓN AGROCLIMÁTICA: Climate Change audit for farmers

9/10-12/13 1.589 (794)

Eduardo DE MIGUEL [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/GR/000296 Adapt2Change: Energy and water efficient horticulture greenhouses

9/10-8/14 2.577 (1.288)

Alexandros PAPACHATZIS [email protected]

Link website

LIFE10.ENV/IT/000347 UNIZEO: Zeolite coated fertiliser to reduce N emission

9/11-12/14 2.440 (1.219)

Giorgio BOZZOLA gbozzola@g-m-m.com

Link -‐-‐

LIFE10.ENV/IT/000321 ZeoLIFE: Zeolite adsorbs nitrate from manure

9/11-2/15 2.151 (1.045)

Massimo COLTORTI [email protected]

Link -‐-‐


Adaptation Agriculture & Forestry Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE10.ENV/CY/000723 CYPADAPT: National adaptation strategy for Cyprus.

9/11-8/14 1.359 (678)

Theodoulos MESIMERIS [email protected]

Link website

excellent

LIFE10.ENV/FR/000208 FO3REST: Research of ozone and climate effects on leaves.

9/11-8/14 1.322 (658)

Pierre SICARD pierre.sicard@acri-st.fr

Link website

LIFE10.ENV/ES/000458 ECOGLAUCA ÉRGON: Energy crop for arid wasteland

9/11-9/14 1.376 (635)

Santiago ARÉVALO LLÁCER [email protected]

Link -‐-‐

LIFE11.ENV/GR/000975 FLIRE: Flood and forest fire risk management tool.

10/12-9/15 1.618 (808)

Maria MIMIKOU [email protected]

Link -‐-‐

LIFE11.ENV/IT/000215 RESILFORMED: Adapt of forest management to Climate Change to prevent fire etc.

6/12-6/16 1.559 (779)

Luciano Saporito [email protected]

Link -‐-‐

LIFE11.ENV/ES/000535 OPERATION CO2: Forests: Carbon certificates and adaptation.

9/12-8/17 3.515 (1.753)

Yolanda Calvo Conde [email protected]

Link -‐-‐

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000578 LIFE HelpSoil: Soil enhancement for better carbon sequestration and Climate Change resilience.

7/13-6/17 2.942 (1.308)

Link website

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000536 LIFE MEDACC: Evaluation system for adaptation measures.

7/13-6/18 2.549 (1.266)

Link website

LIFE12.ENV/SE/000800 SOLMACC Life: Climate friendly farming

8/13-7/18 2.140 (1.070)

Link website

LIFE07.INF/E/000852 CHANGING THE CHANGE: Climate Change information for the agro-forestry sector and the general public

1/09-12/10 534 (267)

José RODRIGUEZ BLANCO [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE12ENV/FI/000409 MONIMET: Mapping Climate Change effects on boreal zones by innovative combination of data sources

NV/ 12 9/13-9/17

2.755 (1.367)

Ali NADIR ARSLAN [email protected]

Link website


7.1.2 Resource affected: Marine resources There are seven adaptation projects concerning marine resources (total budget: 14,0 m€;; funding: 7,0 m€).

Adaptation Marine resources Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE99.NAT/UK/006081 Living with the Sea: Coastal change

8/99-7/03 2.234 (1.117)

Mark DUFFY Mark.duffy@english-nature.org.uk

Link website

excellent

LIFE03.ENV/UK/000611 Response: Climate Change risk mapping and strategies for coastal zones

9/03-8/06 1.683 (841)

Link website

very good

LIFE04.TCY/CRO/000029 CRO Climate Cap: Capacity building in Croatia

12/04-10/07

529 (369)



1/09-12/11 3.122 (1.547)



LIFE07.NAT/UK/000938 TaCTICS: Coastal habitat protection

1/09-12/12 2.010 (1.005)

Nick FOLKARD [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE09.NAT/ES/000520 Δ-LAGOON : Coastal change

9/10-12/14 3.055 (1.490)

Carles IBAÑEZ [email protected]

Link website


9/11-8/14 1.359 (678)


Link website

excellent


7.1.3 Resource affected: Biodiversity (species and habitats) There are 10 adaptation projects for biodiversity (species and habitats) (total budget: 33,1 m€;; funding: 19,4 m€).

Adaptation Biodiversity (species and habitats) Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


1/09-12/11 3.122 (1.547)



LIFE07.ENV/UK/000936 GRACC: Guide for green roofs

1/09-12/11 914 (455)

Fergus BEESLEY [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE12.ENV/GR/000466 LIFE CONOPS: Coping with invasive mosquito species (IMS).

7/13-12/17 2.989 (1.481)

Link website

LIFE09.INF/UK/000032 RESTORE: Flood prevention (among other aims)

9/10-12/13 1.795 (873)

Antonia SCARR antonia.scarr@environment-agency.gov.uk

Link website

excellent

LIFE10.INF/UK/000189 Futurescapes: Implementation of landscape-scale conservation initiatives

9/11-12/14 3.855 (1.928)

Aidan LONERGAN [email protected]

Link website

good


4/10-4/15 6.691 (5.018)


Link website

excellent


9/10-12/14 3.055 (1.490)


Link website


8/13-7/18 5.262 (3.946)


Link website

LIFE12.NAT/IT/000370 SPIN4LIFE: Little relevance for Climate Change. Increase general the resilience of N2000 habitats.

9/13-11/16 2.630 (1.315)

Giovanni SALEMI giovanni-[email protected]

Link website


NV/ 12 9/13-9/17

2.755 (1.367)


Link website


7.1.4 Resource affected: Human health and comfort There are 14 adaptation projects on human health and comfort (total budget: 32.3 m€;; funding: 14.1 m€).

Adaptation Human health and comfort Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE98.ENV/S/000482 Roof greening: Green roofs

7/98-12/02 1.394 (520)

Link website

Best

LIFE02.ENV/E/000198 ECO-VALLE: Shading to boulevards

9/02-8/05 1.835 (601)

Link website

good

LIFE06.ENV/L/000121 EFFERNERGY: Energy Efficient Building Systems

12/05-11/08

5.610 (1.510)

Wim Maes [email protected]

Link website

Best


1/09-12/11 3.122 (1.547)



LIFE07.ENV/FIN/000145 Julia 2030: Broad set of urban Climate Change mitigation actions.

1/09-12/12 2.146 (1.073)

Silja Huuhtanen [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE07.ENV/S/000908 GreenClimeAdapt: Urban rainwater retention and shading

1/09-12/13 3.166 (1.583)

per-arne.nilsson @malmo.se

Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/E/000101 Las Rozas por el clima: Local Climate Alliance.

1/10-12/13 2.441 (1.049)

Juan VICENTE SÁNCHEZ [email protected]

Link -‐-‐

LIFE08.ENV/IT/000436 ACT: Municipal strategy for local Climate Change adaptation

1/10-6/12 1.752 (876)

Marco CARDINALETTI [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE09.ENV/FI/000573 INSULATE: Collecting experience of insulation effects

9/10-8/15 1.847 (923)

ulla.haverinen-[email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE11.ENV/IT/000119 BLUE AP: Transfer Local Adaptation Planning to Italy. Includes mitigation.

10/12-9/15 986 (493)

Link -‐-‐


7/13-12/17 2.989 (1.481)

Link website

LIFE12.ENV/UK/001133 LIFE Housing Landscapes: Climate-proofing Social Housing Landscapes

7/13-3/16 1.616 (808)

Link website


7/13-6/18 2.549 (1.266)

Link website

LIFE12.ENV/MT/000732 LifeMedGreenRoof: Green roof adaptation to Malta

7/13-7/17 838 (414)

Link website


7.1.5 Resource affected: Infrastructure/ disaster prevention There are 22 adaptation projects concerning Infrastructure/ disaster prevention (total budget: 41,3 m€;; funding: 20,0 m€).

Adaptation: Infrastructure/ disaster prevention Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


7/98-12/02 1.394 (520)

Link website

Best


12/04-10/07

529 (369)


LIFE05.TCY/TR/000164 CC-TR: Capacity building in Turkey

11/05-10/07

361 (252)

Link website


1/09-12/11 3.122 (1.547)



LIFE07.ENV/IT/000475 TRUST: River basin management

1/09-12/11 1.838 (898)

Roberto CASARIN [email protected]

Link website

excellent


1/09-12/12 2.146 (1.073)


Link -‐-‐ good


1/09-12/13 3.166 (1.583)

Per_Arne NILSSON per-[email protected]

Link website

very good


1/10-12/13 2.441 (1.049)


Link -‐-‐


1/10-6/12 1.752 (876)


Link website

good

LIFE08.ENV/LV/000451 HydroClimateStrategyRiga: Prepare for floods due to Climate Change

2/10-11/12 662 (329)

Gvido PRINCIS [email protected]

Link website

excellent

LIFE08.NAT/D/000013 Elbauen bei Vockerode : Rivers and Floodplains

1/08-12/18 2.185 (1.092)

Georg RAST [email protected]

Link website

LIFE09.ENV/GR/000299 SOL-BRINE: Solar-driven treatment of desalination brine

10/10-3/13 1.210 (605)

Tasos VIDALIS [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000056 WIZ: 9/10-8/13 1.897 (942)

Oberdan CEI [email protected]



9/10-12/13 1.795 (873)


Link website

excellent


9/11-8/14 1.359 (678)


Link website

excellent


Adaptation: Infrastructure/ disaster prevention Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


10/12-9/15 1.618 (808)


Link -‐-‐


10/12-9/15 986 (493)

Link -‐-‐

LIFE11.ENV/SK/001019 Hydro-climate recovery: Flood prevention

8/12-9/15 1.432 (690)

Dana KRAVCÍKOVÁ [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE11.ENV/DK/000889 Stream of Usserød: Flood prevention

9/12-2/16 2.531 (932)

Martin Ullerup [email protected]

Link website


7/13-3/16 1.616 (808)

Link website


7/13-7/17 838 (414)

Link website

LIFE12.ENV/UK/000542 LIFE CoaLESCe: Local networks for adaptation

9/13-12/16 6.429 (3.214)

Link website


7.1.6 Resource affected: Water cycle/resources management/prediction There are 10 adaptation projects on water cycle/resources management/prediction (total budget: 19,0 m€;; funding: 8,9 m€).

Adaptation: Water cycle/ resources management/ prediction Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


1/09-12/11 1.238 (616)




1/09-12/11 3.122 (1.547)




1/09-12/11 1.838 (898)


Link website

excellent


1/09-12/11 914 (455)


Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE08.INF/IT/000308 WATACLIC: Adapt urban water consumption

1/10-12/12 768 (384)

Giulio CONTE [email protected]

Link website

very good


9/10-12/13 1.795 (873)


Link website

excellent


1/08-12/18 2.185 (1.092)


Link website

LIFE10.ENV/IT/000380 AQUOR: Balancing the regional hydrology.

9/11-9/13 1.815 (693)

Teresa MURARO [email protected]

Link -‐-‐


9/12-2/16 2.531 (932)


Link website


NV/ 12 9/13-9/17

2.755 (1.367)


Link website


7.1.7 Resource affected: Social: migration, social tension, jobs. No LIFE projects available.

There are no projects for this category. This is to be expected given that life is an environmental funding programme. The expected impact of climate change on migration streams implies that there could be scope for projects in this category, particularly as DG CLIMA will need to coordinate with Directorates-General responsible for social issues in order to discuss overlapping know-how, potentials and responsibilities.

7.1.8 Resource affected: Unspecific private education /response There are 11 adaptation projects (total budget: 20,1 m€;; funding: 10,0 m€).

Adaptation: Unspecific private education / response Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


12/04-10/07

529 (369)



11/05-10/07

361 (252)

Link website


1/09-12/12 2.146 (1.073)


Link -‐-‐ good


1/10-12/13 2.441 (1.049)


Link -‐-‐


1/10-6/12 1.752 (876)


Link website

good

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000056 WIZ: 9/10-8/13 1.897 (942)




10/12-9/15 986 (493)

Link -‐-‐


9/13-12/16 6.429 (3.214)

Link website

LIFE07.INF/FIN/000152 CCCRP: Climate Change portal for general public

1/09-12/11 1.988 (990)



1/10-12/12 768 (384)


Link website

very good

LIFE12.INF/AT/000369 EKO-LIFE: Eco-friendly lifestyle (not only Climate Change)

7/13-6/16 776 (388)

Link website


7.1.9 INF (LIFE Information and Communication ) projects on adaptation There are six INF projects on adaptation (total budget: 9,7 m€;; funding: 4,8 m€).

Except for the RESTORE project they are all also dealing with mitigation (and thus appear in that list as well).

Adaptation: INF projects Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


1/09-12/10 534 (267)


Link website

very good


1/09-12/11 1.988 (990)



1/10-12/12 768 (384)


Link website

very good


9/10-12/13 1.795 (873)


Link website

excellent


9/11-12/14 3.855 (1.928)


Link website

good


7/13-6/16 776 (388)

Link website

−


7.2 Mitigation projects Mitigation comprises by far the largest share of cimate change projects in LIFE: 335 of the 366 Climate Change projects deal with mitigation, with an overlap of only 28 projects, which cover both mitigation and adaptation.

Mitigation projects in LIFEShare of number of projects in %

Italy20%

Spain19%

France8%

Sweden7%

Germany6% Greece

6%

ItalySpainFranceSwedenGermanyGreeceUnited KingdomNetherlandsFinlandAustriaBelgiumLuxembourgDenmarkPolandCyprusSlovakiaHungarySloveniaLatviaAll others below 1%

Figure 12: Mitigation projects by country

Nearly half of all mitigation projects take or took place in three countries. A reason for this uneven distribution by regions is not obvious from the project overviews. In order to make sure that the innovative power of all Member States is utilised for the mostly European-wide challenges of climate change, the EC should investigate why so many Member States so little involved in LIFE. As a similar situation was found for adaptation and LIFE ENV in general, the issue goes beyond the topic of climate change.


The following table lists the categories dealing with mitigation. All mitigation projects were put into at least one of these categories. In most cases they deal only with one of three groups (energy supply, power/fuel consumption and non-CO2). In agriculture alone, several projects cover bio-gas generation (group 1), energy savings (group 2) and decrease of methane emissions (group 3).

Categories concerning MITIGATION Entries

*) Remarks

Mitigation 335

Subset: Energy supply / generation 109 Power supply and distribution

Power/ Fossil combustion (decrease fuel) 7

Carbon Capture and Storage / end of pipe 6

Alternative energy supply (with subdivision) 99

Including alternative fuel

Energy demand response 3 Shifting the time of demand

Other than energy supply sector, focus on CO2 237 Power/ fuel consumption

Urban (public budget) unspecific energy saving / efficiency 24

Buildings/ housing 50

Industrial production 76

Transport/ mobility (incl. road) 52

Rail 3

Aviation 1

Ships 6

Agriculture 26

LULUCF: Land use (change) and forestry, incl. carbon sequestration 27

Unspecific private (private responsibility)/ bottom-up change of habits 26

Other (e.g. administrational preparation, capacity building, ...) 25

Non-CO2 GHG emissions 61 Methane, nitreous oxide etc.

Agriculture: livestock waste 15

Agriculture: other non CO2 8 e.g. fertiliser

CH4 from bogs 8

Industrial process 8

Waste 6

Landfill gas 13

Other/ general 3 *) The numbers in the sub-categories may be higher than the number in the next higher group due to multiple entries per project.


Within the class of mitigation projects there are four larger groups: • “Alternative energy supply” with 99 projects (20% of the mitigation projects)

This group was subdivided into 11 subtopics (see the lists below) during the classification work because of the large number of projects.

• “Industrial production” (76 projects, 16%) For the time being this group has been subdivided into projects led by an industrial company and those where the enterprise was a project partner. The author suggests preparing a separate phase II study on “industry”.

• “Transport/ mobility” (52 projects, 11%) This group was subdivided into projects with and without involvement of urban/regional planning (in the form of an authority leading the project).

• “Buildings/housing” (50 projects, 10%) Here two subgroups were found: Projects with a prototype character and those without.

All other project clusters are small enough to provide an easy and quick overview, and therefore did not need further subdivision.

7.2.1 Energy supply: Power/fossil combustion (decrease fuel consumption) There are seven mitigation projects on Power/fossil combustion (total budget: 20,6 m€;; funding: 9,1 m€).

Energy supply: Power/ fossil combustion Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE00.TCY/CRO/084 LIFECROCHP: Develop a cogeneration strategy for Croatia

7/01-12/03 482 (337)

Link website

−

LIFE02.ENV/F/000289 PRIVILEGES: Local actions (one city) on diverse GHG reductions

9/02-8/05 712 (356)

Serge ORRU [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE03.ENV/EE/000194 OSELCA: Introduction of LCAs to Estonia

10/03-12/05

662 (327)

Link website

good

LIFE03.ENV/GR/000219 ETRES: ETS for Greece

10/03-3/06 1.834 (917)

Link website

very good

LIFE06.ENV/D/000475 INES-110: Superconducting switch in the electric grid.

11/06-10/09

3.778 (1.069)

Frank Breuer [email protected]

Link website

below average


2/07-1/12 8.839 (4.417)



LIFE12.ENV/BG/000756 LIFE Eco-HeatOx: Highy efficieny furnace for glass industry

7/13-12/16 4.329 (1.690)

Link website

−


7.2.2 Energy supply: carbon capture and storage (end-of-pipe) There are six mitigation projects on carbon capture (total budget: 19,6 m€;; funding: 7,9 m€).

However, none of these project really stores CO2 (e.g. into a geological formation). Instead they capture the CO2 from an exhaust gas and either produce biomass (e.g. algae for fuel and chemicals) or yield pure CO2 to sell on the market.

The algae projects are also listed under LULUCF, as – in case they would be up-scaled to capture considerable amounts of CO2 – they would occupy large areas.

Related to carbon capture is carbon sequestration (e.g. by additional growth of biomass) or the prevention of GHG release (e.g. by restoration of bogs, which otherwise would release methane).

Energy supply: Carbon Capture Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE00.ENV/DK/000366 Membraco: CO2 removal from industrial flue gas

9/01-9/04 3.261 (978)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE07.ENV/E/000829 BIOGRID: Carbon capture from biogas purification

1/09-12/11 1.956 (897)

Angel Maria Gutiérrez Terrón [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good


11/11-9/16 9.152 (3.580)


Link website

below average

LIFE10.ENV/ES/000496 CO2ALGAEFIX: 1 hectare microalgae test plant for carbon capture.

9/11-6/14 2.981 (1.490)

Augusto RODRIGUEZ-MATONS [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE10.ENV/RO/000734 ALGAE-GHG: CO2 from combustion to grow microalgae.

9/11-8/14 1.100 (495)

Sanda VELEA [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE97.ENV/E/000252 Bioalgae: Use CO2 from combustion exhaust for Algae cultivation for fodder and organic resources

11/97-10/00

1.149 (456)

Guillermo GARCÍA REINA [email protected]

Link website

−


7.2.3 Energy supply: Alternative energy supply There are 98 mitigation projects on this topic (total budget: 343,1 m€;; funding: 119,4 m€). In order to give clusters of smaller numbers or projects this category has been subdivided:

Sub-categories of Alternative energy

supply

Number of

projects

Total budget [m €]

EU contri-bution [m €]

• bio-diesel 8 18,6 9,1

• biogas 19 77,4 21,0

• biomass fuel 17 65,0 19,3

• landfill gas 9 21,0 8,2

• fuel cell 4 20,4 8,1

• hydrogen 4 7,1 3,3

• solar 5 18,9 9,0

• pyrolysis 7 18,8 6,8

• wastewater 4 25,8 5,0

• other sources 13 52,8 19,8

• general support 9 23,3 10,7

0 5 10 15 20 25

number / m€

bio-dieselbiogas

biomass fuellandfill gasfuel cell

hydrogensolar

pyrolysiswastewater

other sourcesgeneral support

LIFE projects on alternative energy supply

Numer of projects

EU contribu-tion [m €]

Figure 13: Subdivision of projects on alternative energy supply.

The subdivision is self-explanatory and there is no imbalance in the distribution worth mentioning. On the following pages the projects in the 11 sub-topics are listed.


Alternative energy supply Bio diesel Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE05.ENV/P/000369 OIL PRODIESEL: Used cooking oil to bio-diesel.

10/05-4/08 1.202 (588)

Link website

best

LIFE07.ENV/E/000820 INTEGRAL-B: Improved biodiesel process chain

1/09-12/11 1.488 (744)

Andrés Pascual Vidal [email protected]


LIFE08.ENV/GR/000569 BIOFUELS-2G: Energy (biodiesel) from used cooking oil

1/10-12/12 1.416 (655)

Spyros VOUTETAKIS [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/IT/000425 ETRUSCAN: Local bio-diesel for local busses.

1/10-1/13 2.634 (1.287)

Alessandro POZZI [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000484 DEMONSTRATION OF KDV TECH: Waste to liquid fuel (bio-diesel) by depolymerisation

10/10-9/12 4.872 (2.338)

Fernando PEREZ [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE10.ENV/IT/000341 RECOIL: Collect and recover waste cooking oil.

9/11-2/15 1.819 (872)

Serena DRIGO [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE11.ENV/DE/000343 MARSS: Gain solid biomass fuel from waste by innovative mechanical sorting.

9/12-8/15 4.155 (2.074)

Thomas PRETZ [email protected]aachen.de

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000590 LIFE SEED CAPITAL: Rapeseed to bio-diesel and animal fodder to reduce CH4 emissions.

9/13-9/16 1.025 (512)

Link website

−


Alternative energy supply Biogas Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE02.ENV/E/000187 ENERWASTE: Test to bio digest slaughterhouse waste

2/02-5/03 348 (84)

Link website

best of best

LIFE02.ENV/H/000440 BIOGASCONVERT: Biogas production and upgrading for CHP plus CO2 for greenhouse use.

10/02-12/04

5.368 (915)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE03.ENV/F/000254 METHAPI-EXPERTISE: Improve biogas production

3/03-8/06 4.384 (1.233)

Olivier LEMAIRE Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE05.ENV/D/000193 Sludge Redox: Biogas from problematic sewage sludge

7/05-9/07 859 (248)

Link website

good

LIFE05.ENV/EE/000387 ECOMAN: Pig manure treatment

1/05-7/07 3.491 (565)

Link website

below average

LIFE07.ENV/E/000829 BIOGRID: Carbon capture from biogas purification

1/09-12/11 1.956 (897)

Angel Maria Gutiérrez Terrón [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE08.ENV/CY/000457 INTER-WASTE: Integrated waste-to-energy system

1/10-9/12 1.472 (735)

Costas COSTA [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE08.ENV/GR/000576 SMARt-CHP: Mobile CHP for agriculture

1/10-12/12 947 (450)

Zissis SAMARAS [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/GR/000578 INTEGRASTE: Biogas from agro-industrial waste.

1/10-12/12 1.156 (544)

Vassilios BUGAS [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000433 CITROFUEL: Biogas from citrus wastes

9/10-10/12 5.605 (1.682)

Emilio CAÑAVATE MARTÍ [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000451 VALUVOIL: Improved utilisation of olive oil wastes

9/10-2/13 1.041 (521)

Óscar LEÓN [email protected]


LIFE09.ENV/ES/000459 ECOREGA: Green cattle farming

1/11-12/12 600 (282)

Paula CONTE [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE10.ENV/NL/000028 OMZET: Less sludge more energy from waste water treatment.

9/11-12/16 14.448 (1.553)

Henry VAN VELDHUIZEN [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE11.ENV/BE/001038 BIOGASTIL: Biogas from protein rich distiller's waste

1/13-2/16 11.183 (2.965)

Olivier Van Rompaey [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ cancelled

LIFE11.ENV/FR/000740 Biovalsan: Cryo-distillation to split biogas into pure CH4 and CO2.

6/12-12/15 6.763 (2.381)

Frédéric PIERRE frederic.pierre@lyonnaise-des-eaux.fr

Link website

−

LIFE11.ENV/SE/000839 BUCEFALOS: Combination of mussel farm and algae biomass

9/12-8/15 3.681 (1.634)

Rasmus FREDRIKSSON [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000647 LIFE+Farms for the future: Pig manure

9/13-9/17 2.368 (1.178)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000308 BioMethER LIFE+: Upgrade biogas (from landfill and from sludge) for use in vehicles.

10/13-3/18 3.375 (1.529)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/SE/000683 LIFE BIOGAS XPOSE: Maximise biogas and bio-methane in a showcase region.

7/13-6/18 8.309 (1.600)

Link website

good


Alternative energy supply Biomass fuel Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE00.ENV/A/000242 BLPP: Biomass (pellets) logistic centres.

6/01-4/04 1.041 (300)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE00.ENV/IT/000054 Biosit: GIS for biomass exploitation

10/01-10/03

442 (215)

Link website

very good

LIFE02.ENV/IT/000034 WARM-WOOD: Wood CHP for central heat supply of small mountain commune.

10/02-3/05 4.280 (841)

Link website

very good

LIFE03.ENV/NL/000477 Vathorst: Waste wood CHP power station

6/03-4/06 8.406 (1.000)

Tony SCHOEN [email protected]

Link website

terminated

LIFE03.ENV/SK/000577 ILUBE: Complete logistic chain from sawdust to heat supply.

4/03-3/06 6.185 (1.012)

Link website

excellent

LIFE04.ENV/SE/000775 Rep: Bio fuel CHP (power and heat supply)

1/04-9/07 10.411 (1.793)

Link website

below average

LIFE05.ENV/UK/000128 BioReGen: Energy crops from brownfields

12/05-4/10 1.221 (610)

Link -‐-‐ best

LIFE06.ENV/IT/000257 VOICE: Energy crops against land abandonment

10/06-12/09

3.381 (1.686)

Francesco MARTELLI [email protected]

Link website

best


12/06-2/10 1.917 (956)

Marco Ligabue [email protected]

Link website

best of best

LIFE06.ENV/S/000517 BIOAGRO: Pelltetised fuel from crops

1/06-6/09 5.227 (1.212)

Sven-Olof Bernhoff [email protected]

Link website

best of best

LIFE07.ENV/D/000222 PROGRASS: Mobile bio-fuel production from conservation sites

1/09-6/12 3.231 (1.614)

Michael Wachendorf mwach@uni-kassel.de

Link website

excellent

LIFE07.ENV/D/000240 Best4VarioUse: Standardisation: Turn waste wood to energy or products

1/09-12/11 3.971 (1.793)

Ina EHRHARDT [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE07.ENV/F/000178 GREEN PELLETS: Biomass (pellets) without impact on food production

1/09-12/11 1.306 (647)

Aurélie LEPLUS [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/SK/000240 CHEFUB: High quality sawdust pellets

1/10-12/12 1.368 (492)

Lenka KOPUNOVA [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE11.ENV/ES/000557 EDUCO: Used cooking oil to bio-diesel.

7/12-12/14 1.486 (644)

Mesas Suárez Mireia [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE11.ENV/LU/000854 Factory of the Future: Low carbon energy supply for footprint wood panels

6/12-10/15 7.947 (3.035)

Giorgio CERNIGLIA [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE11.ENV/PL/000442 MORENERGY: Micronised biomass (wheat straw) to directly fuel 2 MW turbine.

7/12-12/14 3.214 (1.482)

Link website

good


Alternative energy supply Landfill gas Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE05.ENV/E/000319 MICROPHILOX: Microturbines for low methane landfill gas

10/05-3/09 1.303 (582)

Link website

best of best


12/05-5/08 217 (108)


Link website

very good

LIFE06.ENV/E/000044 ES-WAMAR: Collective pig slurry management and treatment

10/06-3/10 6.900 (2.564)

Arturo DAUDÉN IBAÑEZ [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ best

LIFE08.ENV/B/000040 CLIM-WASTENER: Gaining power and heat from landfill gas

1/10-12/12 2.422 (1.211)

Xavier LOMBARD [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE08.ENV/E/000123 PARK RENOVA: Self-sufficient energy supply by landfill gas.

1/10-6/13 2.691 (570)

Antonio ORUS [email protected]


LIFE08.ENV/IT/000429 UPGAS-LOWCO2: Capture CO2 from landfills to get pure methane

1/10-6/12 679 (339)

Ennio CARNEVALE [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE10.ENV/SE/000038 Wastetofuel: Liquefied biogas from landfills

9/11-8/14 3.298 (1.262)

Håkan Rosqvist hakan@rosqvist-resurs.se

Link website

failed

LIFE11.ENV/UK/000402 ACUMEN: Methane from old landfills

9/12-8/15 2.935 (1.437)

Neil Davies neil.davies@environment-agency.gov.uk



2/97-1/98 591 (159)


Alternative energy supply Fuel cells Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE04.ENV/FR/000331 FUEL CELL IN PARIS: Large fuel cell for housing

11/04-10/07

6.451 (1.561)

Link website

best

LIFE06.ENV/DK/000226 DEMO SOFC: Cheaper fuel cell

10/06-9/09 9.525 (4.763)

Niels Christiansen [email protected]


LIFE06.ENV/E/000054 BioSOFC: SOFC fuel cell for biogas

12/05-3/09 2.055 (616)

Susana MUÑOZ [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE07.ENV/E/000847 BIOCELL: Biogas of WWTPs to run fuel cell for own energy supply.

1/09-12/11 2.416 (1.207)

Rosa Maria PIERAS [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ best


Alternative energy supply Hydrogen Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE05.ENV/E/000333 HYDRO SOLAR 21: Carbon free stand-alone cooling.

12/05-11/08

3.284 (1.499)

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE07.ENV/IT/000434 MHyBus: Methane/ hydrogen blend fuel for busses

1/09-12/11 1.323 (589)

Paolo FERRECCHI [email protected]romagna.it

Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/E/000136 ZERO-HYTECHPARK: Energy supply for a building based on renewable hydrogen.

1/10-12/13 1.408 (678)

Arturo CABELLO [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE11.ENV/ES/000593 H2ALRECYCLING: Waste ammonia to produce hydrogen.

10/12-3/16 1.137 (555)

JAVIER PORCAR VIVES [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

Alternative energy supply Solar energy Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


11/02-10/04

1.253 (616)

Link -‐-‐ best of best

LIFE07.ENV/S/000913 SUNRISE: New low-cost PV solar cell production technology

7/09-12/11 4.992 (2.406)

Andreas ANDERSSON [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE09.ENV/SE/000355 DYEMOND SOLAR: Low cost production of solar cells

9/10-12/13 3.522 (1.736)

Giovanni FILI [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE11.ENV/SE/000838 SUNCOOL: Solar heating and cooling

6/12-3/15 4.025 (1.827)

Per Olofsson [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/FR/000479 LIFE-PHOSTER: Lower Carbon Footprint for solar cells: PV as a steel coating.

7/13-12/17 5.063 (2.456)

Link website

−


Alternative energy supply Pyrolysis Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE05.ENV/IT/000801 BIOcoAL: Flash carbonisation: bio char from Eucalypt.

2/05-12/07 6.680 (1.373)

Link website

below average

LIFE08.ENV/IT/000388 RELS: Energy recovery from waste in natural parks via biogas and pyrolysis.

1/10-12/12 1.699 (847)

Alberto BELLINI [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE09.ENV/GR/000307 ENERGY-WASTE: Gasification of non-recyclable waste fraction

1/11-12/13 1.923 (900)

Markellos GRIPARIS [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000727 LIFE REVA-WASTE: Fuel gas from manure (biogas production and low temperature pyrolysis)

10/13-9/16 1.705 (771)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000913 LIFE Eucalyptus Energy: Energy and solid fuel from pyrolysis of waste Eucalypt wood.

9/13-9/16 1.776 (845)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/PL/000013 LIFE COGENERATION PL: Energy from waste gasification

7/13-6/17 3.826 (1.757)

Link website

good

LIFE97.ENV/S/000311 PYROARC: Waste pyrolysis

2/97-3/98 1.185 (338)

Sven SANTÉN Link -‐-‐ very good

Alternative energy supply Energy from wastewater Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE06.ENV/D/000460 SLUDGE2ENERGY: Waste reduction and energy yield from sewage sludge

10/06-3/10 3.812 (769)

Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/D/000026 Sus Treat: Energy from sewage

1/10-12/14 10.385 (2.085)

Thomas Kesselheim klaerwerk-koblenz@t-online.de

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE08.ENV/E/000118 GREENLYSIS: Energy from sewage

1/10-12/12 1.595 (797)

Alexandre GALI [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE09.ENV/NL/000427 SEWEEX: Heat pump to yield heating and cooling from sewage water.

9/10-9/15 10.024 (1.303)

Ilja JANSEN [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −


Alternative energy supply Energy from other sources Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE02.ENV/D/000408 SuperC: Construction of a deep geothermal heating

4/02-3/06 5.141 (1.973)

Link website

best

LIFE02.ENV/NL/000128 BioFuel: Bio fuel from biodegradable municipal waste for coal fired power station

12/01-6/04 5.693 (869)

Link website

−

LIFE06.ENV/D/000485 Moveable HEPP: Eco-friendly hydroelectric power technology

10/06-9/10 6.619 (1.695)

Georg Schmid schmid.geirg@e-werk-mittelbaden.de

Link -‐-‐ best

LIFE07.ENV/S/000911 FEATHERS: Feathers and slaughterhouse waste as bio fuel

1/09-12/12 4.494 (1.925)

Tom K HANSEN [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE08.ENV/D/000017 REECH-500: Energy from on-shore kites on circular rail.

4/10-3/13 11.139 (5.556)

Joachim Montnacher [email protected]


LIFE09.ENV/IT/000124 ET IDEA: Elaboration of "environmental test reference years" data

9/10-12/12 1.241 (619)

Tiziano TERLIZZESE [email protected]


LIFE09.ENV/NL/000426 BLUETEC: Tidal power plant (1MW)

9/10-3/13 7.991 (2.513)

Chintan SHAH Link website

−

LIFE09.ENV/UK/000026 Hydro4LIFE: Hydropower sustainability assessment

9/10-9/13 1.284 (642)

Richard Taylor [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE11.ENV/FR/000756 RE-USE: Recover braking energy in DC rail systems.

6/12-5/15 3.346 (1.673)

Daniel Cadet Daniel-[email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE11.ENV/GR/000949 Waste2Bio: Bio waste to bio ethanol plant.

9/12-8/15 1.490 (745)

Maria LOIZIDOU [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE11.ENV/PL/000447 GeoPyrz: Improved energy yield from deep underground geothermal sources

9/12-9/14 453 (226)

ROMUALD GRABIEC [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000695 LifeHyGENet: Yield energy from water pipes.

7/13-8/16 1.776 (718)

Link website

−

LIFE99.ENV/D/000452 Stirling power station: Small Stirling power CHP

2/99-12/01 2.141 (640)



Alternative energy supply General support Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE03.ENV/EE/000194 OSELCA: Introduction of LCAs to Estonia

10/03-12/05

662 (327)

Link website

good

LIFE03.ENV/GR/000219 ETRES: ETS for Greece

10/03-3/06 1.834 (917)

Link website

very good

LIFE06.ENV/D/000475 INES-110: Superconducting switch in the electric grid.

11/06-10/09

3.778 (1.069)

Frank Breuer [email protected]

Link website

below average


2/07-1/12 8.839 (4.417)



LIFE09.INF/PL/000283 DOKLIP: Climate friendly air conditioning in cars

9/10-8/15 1.803 (902)

Wojciech SZYMALSKI w.szymalski@ine-isd.org.pl

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE10.ENV/CZ/000649 ReStEP: Evaluation tool for renewable energy projects

11/11-10/14

1.539 (769)

Pavel TLUSTOŠ [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE11.ENV/IT/000016 MuSAE: Energy/ environment planning tool for small communes

9/12-6/15 919 (369)

Gabriele Alessandro De Micheli [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE12.ENV/CY/000276 LIFE+ SmartPV: Measures on the grid to foster renewable energy supply.

7/13-3/17 1.220 (568)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/FR/000570 LIFE BiBAT: Li-ion battery with lower demand of resources.

7/13-6/16 2.736 (1.368)

Link website

−


7.2.4 Energy supply: Energy demand response (shifting the time of demand) There are four mitigation projects on “energy supply: Energy demand response” (total budget: 4,0 m€;; funding: 1,6 m€).

Energy supply: Energy demand response Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE99.ENV/D/000452 Stirling power station: Small Stirling power CHP (with remote control of power generation)

2/99-12/01 2.141 (640)


LIFE11.ENV/DE/000340 DRIP: Avoiding power peaks by flexible demand.

9/12-8/14 994 (485)

Thomas Theisen [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE11.ENV/PL/000444 OZERISE: Micro-grids for farms with renewable energies.

9/12-6/15 896 (443)

Grzegorz Wisniewski [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −


7.2.5 Energy consumption: Urban (public budget) non-specific energy saving/efficiency There are 24 mitigation projects in this sub-category (total budget: 497 m€;; funding: 222 m€).

Urban (public budget) unspecific energy saving / efficiency Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE02.ENV/UK/000147 Carra: Local action combining energy saving and Climate action

11/02-12/04

422 (270)

Link website

very good

LIFE05.TCY/IL/000131 CBCSCIL: General Agenda 21 capacity building in Israel

10/05-10/08

490 (335)

Link website

−


2/07-1/12 8.839 (4.417)



LIFE07.ENV/FIN/000138 CHAMP: International climate alliance of cities with an EMAS tool

1/09-12/11 2.033 (1.015)

Pekka SALMINEN [email protected]



1/09-12/12 2.146 (1.073)


Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE07.ENV/GR/000282 CLIM-LOCAL2020: System for local Climate Change action plan

1/09-12/11 2.778 (1.087)

Alexandros Voulgaris mayor@volos-city.gr

Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/E/000097 JEREZ + natural: Healthier trees in urban areas

1/10-12/11 657 (318)

Felisa ROSADO REFOLIO [email protected]



1/10-12/13 2.441 (1.049)


Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE08.ENV/F/000485 ROMAIR: Air quality modelling and forecast system

1/10-6/12 1.437 (709)

Jacques MOUSSAFIR [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/IT/000430 FACTOR20: Integrated management tools for regional Climate Change effort sharing

1/10-12/12 2.513 (1.206)

Valentina SACHERO [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE08.INF/GR/000589 ProSuDePe: Education to reduce energy, waste and fire.

1/10-12/12 1.232 (593)



1/10-12/12 768 (384)


Link website

very good

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000437 Soria CO2Cero: Greening a city, starting with a green corridor.

9/10-8/12 717 (325)

Javier ANTÓN CACHO javieranton@ayto-soria.org

Link -‐-‐ below average

LIFE09.ENV/FR/000598 CLIMATE: Regional climate action plan.

9/10-12/13 1.568 (784)

Chrystelle TOUZEAU [email protected]

Link website

−


10/10-3/13 1.210 (605)


Link website

very good


Urban (public budget) unspecific energy saving / efficiency Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000115 SUN EAGLE: Local management of Kyoto P. actions in mountainous communities

9/10-12/13 3.006 (1.457)

Alessandro COPPOLA [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000200 LAIKA: Local authorities organise GHG reductions

10/10-9/13 1.853 (926)

Elena MONTICELLI [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/SE/000346 GREECIT: Local environmental measures

10/10-3/15 2.670 (1.302)

Johan SANDSTRÖM [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE09.ENV/SE/000347 CLIRE: Climate friendly health care building

9/10-8/15 2.604 (852)

Kristina DE GEER [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE10.ENV/FR/000207 URBAN LIGHT PLAN: Public lighting improvement.

1/11-1/15 5.168 (1.146)

Jean-Claude BOULARD subinv@ville-lemans.fr

Link website

−

LIFE11.ENV/GR/000938 MECM: 10/12-9/15 1.355 (553)

Ilias Manolis [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good


10/12-9/15 986 (493)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000092 life-QUF: Forestation of southern cities supported by root fungi (mycorrhizae)

7/13-6/16 1.357 (621)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000222 LIFE GREEN TIC: GHG emission reduction by Green ICT: policies, public procurement and smart use

9/13-8/16 1.455 (659)

Link website

−


7.2.6 Energy consumption: Buildings/housing There are 48 mitigation projects on “buildings/housing” (total budget: 112,2 m€;; funding: 43,4 m€).

Thirty of these are “hardware/prototype”projects (total budget: 77,9 m€;; funding: 26,9 m€). The prototype and the non-prototype projects are listed separately below.

Buildings/ housing Hardware/ prototype Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE98.ENV/NL/000183 The Iguana Project: Affordable sustainable housing

2/98-7/00 642 (91)

Hendrik GOMMER [email protected]

Link website

−


7/98-12/02 1.394 (520)

Link website

best

LIFE99.ENV/D/000452 Stirling power station: Small Stirling power CHP - (with remote control of power generation)

2/99-12/01 2.141 (640)


LIFE00.ENV/A/000243 S-House: High standard office building from renewable material.

6/01-6/04 1.507 (752)

Link website

best

LIFE00.ENV/SLO/000966 VGE Thrifty energy master: Heating boiler optimisation by centralised online control.

9/01-9/03 600 (245)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE02.ENV/A/000285 BBMpassiv: Construct office building from renewable material

12/01-12/03 2.150 (780)

Link website

best of best

LIFE02.ENV/NL/000133 WaddenWaterHouse: New building material from waste glass

12/01-8/04 727 (169)

Henk WIJNSTRA Link website

terminated

LIFE03.ENV/SLO/000559 VGE: Upgrade central heatings with ICT to save energy.

12/03-12/05 607 (149)

Link -‐-‐ good


10/03-10/05 4.876 (1.004)

Link website

best of best

LIFE04.ENV/FR/000331 FUEL CELL IN PARIS: Large fuel cell for housing

11/04-10/07 6.451 (1.561)

Link website

best

LIFE04.ENV/IT/000594 S&W: Traditional ideas for environmental benefits

12/04-12/07 1.800 (893)

Link website

good

LIFE04.ENV/LV/000633 ECOVENT: Efficient ventilation in buildings

10/04-11/06 361 (177)

Link website

below average

LIFE05.ENV/E/000333 HYDRO SOLAR 21: Carbon free stand-alone cooling.

12/05-11/08 3.284 (1.499)

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE05.ENV/NL/000020 HEIGHT: Low energy cold store.

2/05-2/08 6.567 (640)

Link website

best

LIFE05.ENV/UK/000998 Integrated Greenhouse: Integrate greenhouse and other buildings to lower GHG emissions.

1/05-12/08 4.487 (2.243)

Link -‐-‐ good


Buildings/ housing Hardware/ prototype Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


12/05-11/08 5.610 (1.510)


Link website

best

LIFE07.ENV/E/000805 EDEA: Sustainable social housing: 2 houses compare

1/09-4/12 2.385 (1.178)

Esther GAMERO [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE07.ENV/SLO/000710 UNISASH: New type of window: better insulation and resource efficiency.

4/09-6/11 1.990 (987)

Petra KORDIŠ [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/A/000216 RENEW BUILDING: Ecological refurbishment of buildings

1/10-12/12 684 (323)

Robert WIMMER [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000466 EDEA-RENOV: ICT and innovation to save energy: renovation of existing buildings.

1/11-12/13 3.282 (1.454)

José TIMÓN TIEMBLO [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000493 DOMOTIC: Energy saving of domestic automation in three pilot buildings

9/10-8/13 2.355 (1.114)

Link website

−

LIFE09.ENV/FR/000595 AETHER: New type of cement with less energy

9/10-8/13 5.880 (2.306)

Günther Walenta [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE09.ENV/FR/000602 GREENCITY: Software and smart meters to monitor consumption in public buildings.

9/10-8/12 1.676 (756)

Elise PERROT [email protected]

Link website

excellent

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000108 EnerGeo: New geopolymers in ceramic tiles to save energy.

10/10-9/13 2.133 (927)

[email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE10.ENV/ES/000439 NEWsolutions4OLDhousing: Sustainable renovation of social housing

9/11-2/15 2.242 (973)

Jose Luis FUENTES-CANTILLANA ISUSI [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE10.ENV/ES/000456 MEDICOOL: Solar cool storage

9/11-12/13 6.705 (1.595)

Teodoro CANO ABELLÁN [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE11.ENV/ES/000622 The Autonomous Office: Energy autark office building.

6/12-12/15 1.431 (579)

Ricardo González Martínez [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000787 LIFEZEROSTORE: Supermarket retrofit for zero energy consumption

7/13-6/16 1.924 (887)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/ES/001173 LIFE_OPERE: Efficient management of energy networks in large building complex.

7/13-12/16 1.190 (567)

Link website

−


7/13-7/17 838 (414)

Link website

−


Buildings/ housing Other than prototype Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE97.ENV/D/000469 Model District Vauban: Realisation of a socio-ecological city district.

5/97-11/98 1.576 (715)

Laurenz HERMANN [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE00.ENV/NL/000808 EQuation: Proof of LCA tools practicability for building standards

4/01-3/03 645 (323)

Link website

best


9/02-8/05 712 (356)


Link website

good

LIFE02.ENV/GR/000362 MedClima: A group of communes cooperates in the field of CO2 reductions.

11/02-10/05

893 (442)

Link website

good

LIFE02.ENV/LV/000478 ENERLAB: Energy labelling for buildings and information of their inhabitants

4/02-10/04 467 (204)

Aigars ROZE Link website

best

LIFE03.ENV/IT/000343 DesAir: Local ETS

10/03-9/05 563 (251)

Edoardo CROCI [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE04.ENV/GR/000137 SB-MED: Good practice for sustainability of public buildings

7/04-12/06 3.220 (1.382)

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE04.ENV/LV/000634 ENCERB: Energy passport for buildings

9/04-9/06 301 (151)

Link website

good

LIFE05.ENV/GR/000235 SUSCON: IPP in construction plus software tool

10/05-9/08 1.111 (555)

Link website

good


2/07-1/12 8.839 (4.417)




1/09-12/11 914 (455)


Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE07.INF/UK/000932 RENEW: Hot water saving in households

1/09-12/11 1.942 (971)

Simon Green [email protected]



1/10-6/12 1.437 (709)


Link website

very good


9/10-8/15 1.847 (923)

Ulla HAVERINEN-SHAUGHNESSY ulla.haverinen-[email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/GR/000297 CARBONTOUR: Implementation of GHG calculator for tourism accommodation

9/10-8/12 1.324 (662)

Sofia THEOLOGITOU [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE11.ENV/BE/001046 SILEX: Silicon surface treatment to extend lifespan of concrete and wood

9/12-8/16 2.282 (1.043)

Jean-Paul LECOMTE [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE11.ENV/GR/000938 MECM: Military energy and carbon management

10/12-9/15 1.355 (553)

Ilias Manolis [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good


Buildings/ housing Other than prototype Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000138 LIFE STARS (+20): Save energy in tourist lodges

10/13-9/16 1.706 (820)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/FR/001113 LifeCiP (LCiP): Eco design training campaign

9/13-6/16 1.825 (900)

Link website

−

LIFE12.INF/SK/000165 SMAPUDE_LIFE: Dissemination of biomass and solar energy in Slovakian housing

9/13-8/16 1.294 (636)

Link website

good


7.2.7 Energy consumption: Industrial production There are 76 mitigation projects on “Industrial production” (total budget: 216,5 m€;; funding: 85,1 m€).

For the “Industry” focus in the 2015 LIFE call this group could be further investigated. This may be done once more details of the EC’s requirements are made available in early 2015. For the time being one subdivision was obvious from looking at the database:

In 46 such projects a company took a strong lead and gave the projects a certain ’look’ with a focus on a present and pressing problem to be solved. In the other 30 projects the companies are in the background as partners (e.g. when a city includes them in a local action plan or a university carries out a more research-related project). For the former group (strong lead by company) the budgets are 162,6 m€ (funding: 56,6 m€) and for the latter the total budget is 53,8 m€ (funding: 25,5 m€).

Industrial production Strong lead by a company Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE00.ENV/DK/000366 Membraco: CO2 removal from industrial flue gas

9/01-9/04 3.261 (978)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE02.ENV/D/000406 NT-Plasma: Energy efficiency

2/02-10/03 435 (83)

Michael HAAS [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE02.ENV/FIN/000328 Paroc-WIM: Recycling of production waste within stone wool production

12/01-11/04

871 (194)

Link website

best of best

LIFE03.ENV/D/000031 Vapo: Efficient oil burner

5/03-3/06 1.452 (433)

Link website

best

LIFE04.ENV/DE/000051 Odour scrubber: Energy efficient drying of solids and odour reduction

12/03-11/06

1.159 (213)

Link website

very good

LIFE04.ENV/LU/000829 ZEOLITE: Gas free refrigerating system based on zeolite.

12/03-12/05

1.713 (511)

Link website

−

LIFE05.ENV/D/000193 Sludge Redox: Biogas from problematic sewage sludge

7/05-9/07 859 (248)

Link website

good


10/05-10/07

556 (167)

Link website

best of best

LIFE05.ENV/E/000328 PREVOC PLAN: VOC removal with energy savings

1/05-6/07 1.832 (391)

Eugenio SOLINA FIERRO [email protected]



11/05-1/09 502 (151)

Link website

below average

LIFE05.ENV/IT/000876 NOTRE: Energy saving on cold store trucks

10/05-9/07 1.340 (402)

Link website

very good

LIFE05.ENV/L/000047 ECOSB: VOC removal with energy savings

1/05-7/07 1.875 (417)

Marko BECKER Link website

best of best

LIFE05.ENV/NL/000020 HEIGHT: Low energy cold store.

2/05-2/08 6.567 (640)

Link website

best




web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE06.ENV/NL/000176 Green Bearings: Energy saving bearings

1/06-12/08 4.623 (1.072)

Stathis Ioannides [email protected]

Link website

best


2/07-1/12 8.839 (4.417)



LIFE07.ENV/F/000179 HotOxyGlass: Oxygen instead of air for furnace to save energy

1/09-8/10 7.028 (3.440)


LIFE08.ENV/GR/000552 ClimaBiz: Climate Change risks for businesses

1/10-12/12 1.854 (924)

Sofia FRANTZI [email protected]

Link website

excellent

LIFE08.ENV/IT/000411 ENERG-ICE: New PU foaming for cold appliances

1/10-3/13 2.870 (1.373)

Francesco CARCIOTTO [email protected]


LIFE08.ENV/IT/000422 H-REII: Turn waste heat into power (Rankine process);; energy audits in energy intensive businesses. (two projects)

1/10-12/12 882 (436)

Marco Baresi [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE09.ENV/FR/000591 ECOTRANSFLUX: Steel industry: Transverse Flux Induction Heating

9/10-9/12 646 (316)

Gilles CORNEC [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE09.ENV/FR/000594 IRIS: Catalytic chemical process saving energy

9/10-3/14 2.106 (1.053)

François-Xavier DU MESNIL francois-xavier.du-[email protected]

Link website

below average

LIFE09.ENV/FR/000595 AETHER: New type of cement with less energy

9/10-8/13 5.880 (2.306)

Günther Walenta [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE09.ENV/FR/000600 GREEN TESTING: Green product texting

1/11-12/13 1.008 (470)

Chantal CRESCENZO [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000108 EnerGeo: New geopolymers in ceramic tiles to save energy.

10/10-9/13 2.133 (927)

Giuseppe FERRARI [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000174 Ultra Crash Treatment: New cold galvanising technology

10/10-9/13 2.842 (1.231)

Giovanni CAVATORTA [email protected]


LIFE10.ENV/AT/000112 POLYWOOD: Wood gas refinement to car fuel and basic chemicals

9/11-12/15 9.682 (3.934)



LIFE10.ENV/IT/000397 H-REII DEMO: Follow up project on HEII: turn waste heat into power by Rankine process.

1/12-12/13 4.449 (852)

Marco BARESI [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE10.ENV/IT/000428 Clash Oil: Eco-friendly lubricant

10/11-9/14 2.142 (967)

Flaminio CIROLDI [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE11.ENV/BE/001038 BIOGASTIL: Biogas from protein rich distiller's waste

1/13-2/16 11.183 (2.965)

Olivier Van Rompaey [email protected]





web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE11.ENV/CZ/000488 HOxyGas: Glass furnace optimisation (hot oxyburner)

6/12-1/16 9.304 (4.251)

Jiri Jangl [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE11.ENV/FR/000757 ZENITTHYS: ‘green’ hybrid telecoms-broadcast transmitter

6/12-5/15 2.700 (1.277)


LIFE11.ENV/IT/000036 Low resources Low energy: Ceramic tiles from waste material

7/12-6/14 2.207 (961)

Corrado Manelli [email protected]


LIFE11.ENV/SE/000842 RenewPACK: Production of new low carbon packaging foil from xylan to replace aluminium

7/12-7/16 3.719 (1.673)

Lisa Bindgård [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/BE/000205 LIFE Polyphos Acid: Energy efficient production process.

7/13-3/16 2.478 (1.239)

Yves CAPRARA Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/BE/000214 LIFE FLAT to FLAT: New method to recycle glass

7/13-12/17 10.477 (4.433)

Etienne DEGAND [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/BG/000756 LIFE Eco-HeatOx: Highly efficiency furnace for glass industry

7/13-12/16 4.329 (1.690)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/FR/000142 LIFE HEART: Energy recovery from exhausts of brick industry.

7/13-6/17 2.982 (998)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000307 LIFE HPRS: Resin and energy saving in wood fibre board production

7/13-12/15 1.470 (735)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000423 LIFE GLUELESS: Save glue in nappies to reduce emissions

7/13-12/16 3.079 (1.443)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000424 LIFE ZEF-tile: Oxy-firing and CO2 sequestration

7/13-12/15 1.257 (593)


Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000611 LIFE+ - VIRGIN: Gasification and energetic use of absorbent hygiene product (AHP) residues

7/13-12/15 2.061 (1.030)

Marcello SOMMA [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000904 LIFE FRELP: PV-panel recycling

7/13-6/17 4.887 (2.384)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/IT/001020 LIFE PRIME GLASS: Energy and emission improvement in the glass industry

7/13-3/17 3.131 (1.324)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/NL/000718 Life_Green_plasma: New more efficient process

7/13-7/15 4.462 (1.902)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/SE/000529 Etanolix 2.0 for LIFE+: Ethanol from food wastes

7/13-7/17 4.552 (1.683)

Link website

good

LIFE96.ENV/B/000477 Recycling Aluminium Duffel: New oven to recycle Aluminium

8/96-7/99 8.943 (443)

Rudi LAHEYE Link -‐-‐ −


Industrial production Companies in background Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


9/02-8/05 712 (356)


Link website

good

LIFE03.ENV/A/000002 PROCOOL: Cold appliance competition

10/03-9/06 767 (371)

Link website

best

LIFE04.ENV/IT/000453 ROMAPERKYOTO: LAP Local action plan for Rome

10/04-9/08 2.285 (1.085)

Link website

good

LIFE05.PREP/UK/000012 LETS update: Assessment of the EU ETS phase I.

6/06-6/05 625 (312)

Link website

very good

LIFE06.PREP/UK/000002 TRITECH ETV: Evaluation system for eco products

9/06-8/09 1.393 (696)

Anthony DAVIS [email protected]


LIFE07.ENV/GR/000282 CLIM-LOCAL2020: System for local Climate Change action plan

1/09-12/11 2.778 (1.087)

Alexandros Voulgaris mayor@volos-city.gr

Link website

very good

LIFE07.ENV/IT/000357 LACRe: Local Climate Alliance Action Plans.

1/09-12/10 594 (297)

Giovanna ROSSI [email protected]

Link website

below average

LIFE07.ENV/IT/000388 CARBOMARK: Setting up voluntary carbon markets

1/09-12/11 1.088 (544)

Maurizio DISSEGNA [email protected]


LIFE08.ENV/E/000126 ECO-STONE: Energy efficiency and other measures in natural stone business

1/10-12/12 1.670 (835)

Patricia GALISTEO [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE08.ENV/H/000291 ISIM-TCC: "Industrial Symbiosis": waste of one business as raw material for another to increase resource efficiency

1/10-12/12 793 (397)

Krisztina BÁRDOS [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/IT/000430 FACTOR20: Integrated management tools for regional Climate Change effort sharing

1/10-12/12 2.513 (1.206)

Valentina SACHERO [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE09.ENV/DK/000366 Climate Partnerships: PPPs for GHG reduction

1/11-12/13 2.114 (1.051)

Lars CHRISTENSEN [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000435 LASERFIRING: Laser to lower temperature of ceramic process

9/10-8/13 2.468 (1.232)

Germán DE LA FUENTE LEIS [email protected]



9/10-12/13 1.568 (784)


Link website

−

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000115 SUN EAGLE: Local management of Kyoto P. actions in mountainous communities

9/10-12/13 3.006 (1.457)

Alessandro COPPOLA [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000117 GREEN METALLURGY: Improved production of Mg-alloy components

9/10-8/13 2.060 (1.009)

Fabrizio D'ERRICO [email protected]

Link website

failed


Industrial production Companies in background Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE09.ENV/SE/000352 Pure Energy Separator: Prototype lubricant separator

9/10-6/13 3.108 (1.439)

Tomas OLDEBÄCK [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE09.INF/DE/000012 Pro-Klima Autoklimaanlage: More eco-friendly air condition in cars.

9/10-8/13 800 (400)

Eva LAUER [email protected]


LIFE10.ENV/IT/000323 RHM Pilot Plant: Combined ecofriendly production of Magnesium and hydrogen

9/11-12/14 4.109 (1.765)

Link -‐-‐ below average

LIFE11.ENV/ES/000530 INDUFOOD: Induction heating for seafood processing to save energy.

8/12-10/15 1.097 (548)

Francisco Perez [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE11.ENV/ES/000542 ENERING: Energy savings for industrial parks.

6/12-12/14 2.232 (975)

Juan Pablo Caballero Corbalán [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE11.ENV/ES/000560 CERAMGLASS: Laser to lower temperature of ceramic process

6/12-6/15 2.898 (1.448)

Xermán Francisco de la Fuente Leis [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE11.ENV/FR/000739 SUSTAIN-ICT: Energy saving with ICT in social housing

7/12-10/15 1.773 (725)

Alexis MIRONNEAU amironneau@pole-numerique.fr

Link website

−


10/12-9/15 986 (493)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000079 LIFE REUSING POSIDONIA: Combine eco-innovation and tradition to low carbon renovation of building.

8/13-7/17 1.581 (754)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000156 LIFE CLAYGLASS: Waste glass for stoneware production.

9/13-9/16 1.977 (989)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000315 LIFE CO2SHOE: Footwear Carbon Footprint

10/13-9/17 750 (369)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/FR/001113 LifeCiP (LCiP): Eco design training campaign

9/13-6/16 1.825 (900)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/UK/000608 LIFE REBus: Resource efficient business models

7/13-12/16 3.105 (1.552)

Link website

−


11/97-10/00

1.149 (456)


Link website

−


7.2.8 Energy consumption: Transport/mobility (including road)

There are 52 mitigation projects on transport/mobility (total budget: 141,6 m€;; funding: 58,0 m€).

A large group that involves many transport-related projects, “urban/regional planning”, was selected to serve the ‘urban’ focus requested by DG CLIMA: 37 projects are listed in the table below (83,4 m€, funding 36,3 m€). Ten of these projects have “mobility” in their short descriptor and four “logistic”. For further examination of the transport projects it could be useful to distinguish between reducing traffic, organising traffic and making vehicles more eco-friendly (fuels, infrastructure).

The other 15 projects, in which neither urban nor regional authorities are in the lead (total budget: 58,2 m€;; funding: 21,7 m€) are listed in the second table below.

Transport – involving urban/ regional planning Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


5/97-11/98 1.576 (715)


Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE98.ENV/B/000269 Make Brussels bicycle friendly Bruxelles: Bicycle friendly Brussels

2/98-12/00 589 (237)

Jean-Luc DE WILDE Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE00.ENV/A/000240 GOAL: City traffic education

1/01-6/03 1.013 (504)

Wolfgang THIEL [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE02.ENV/E/000253 ECOBUS: Spent cooking oil to bus diesel fuel

11/02-11/04

1.676 (798)

Link website

best

LIFE02.ENV/GR/000362 MedClima: A group of communes cooperates in the field of CO2 reductions.

11/02-10/05

893 (442)

Link website

good

LIFE02.ENV/IT/000106 RAVE: Slow mobility

12/02-6/05 4.325 (1.060)

Paola VALLARO [email protected]

Link website

best

LIFE02.ENV/UK/000136 Catch: Urban transport for clean air in Liverpool

9/02-8/05 3.945 (1.494)

Karen BOOTH [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE02.ENV/UK/000147 Carra: Local action combining energy saving and Climate action

11/02-12/04

422 (270)

Link website

very good

LIFE03.ENV/IT/000319 SIDDHARTA: Public transport on demand

6/03-7/05 1.327 (573)

Link website

best

LIFE04.ENV/IT/000453 ROMAPERKYOTO: LAP Local action plan for Rome

10/04-9/08 2.285 (1.085)

Link website

good

LIFE04.ENV/IT/000547 FREEWAY: Real-time feedback via road displays to reduce traffic jams and emissions.

10/04-9/06 1.599 (767)

Link website

below average




web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE05.ENV/IT/000839 C-DISPATCH: City logistics

10/05-12/07

1.435 (718)

Valeria CRISTINI [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE05.ENV/IT/000870 CEDM: City logistics

11/05-4/08 1.423 (712)

Mauro Di Bugno [email protected]

Link website

best

LIFE06.ENV/D/000465 ZEM/SHIPS: Fuelcell passenger ship

11/06-4/10 5.158 (2.384)


LIFE06.TCY/ROS/000269 KALAIR: GIS modelling air pollution

1/07-12/08 426 (284)

Boris KOMOVNIKOV [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good


1/09-12/11 2.033 (1.015)



LIFE07.INF/IT/000487 R.A.C.E.S.: Climate Change and energy awareness raising

1/09-4/11 1.033 (510)

Natale SEREMIA [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE08.ENV/GR/000569 BIOFUELS-2G: Energy (biodiesel) from used cooking oil

1/10-12/12 1.416 (655)

Spyros VOUTETAKIS [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/IT/000425 ETRUSCAN: Local bio-diesel for local busses.

1/10-1/13 2.634 (1.287)

Alessandro POZZI [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE08.ENV/S/000269 CLEANTRUCK: Filling stations for new fuels and tyre fillings.

1/10-12/13 3.509 (1.280)

Elin SKOGENS [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE09.ENV/AT/000226 CEMOBIL: e-mobility introduction in Klagenfurt

9/10-8/15 5.947 (2.581)


Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE09.ENV/DK/000366 Climate Partnerships: PPPs for GHG reduction

1/11-12/13 2.114 (1.051)

Lars CHRISTENSEN [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000507 CONNECT: e-mobility network

9/10-8/13 2.029 (922)

Susana LACALZADA DEL BUSTO [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000063 I.MO.S.M.I.D.: Car pooling with e-vehicles

9/10-8/13 2.167 (821)

Simone ANTINUCCI [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000107 EFRUD: Emissions free refrigerated urban distribution

10/10-9/13 1.454 (723)

Tamara TELESCA [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000111 ELBA: Eco-friendly commercial traffic on Elba

10/10-9/13 1.857 (917)

Paola MANCUSO [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000146 T.A.SM.A.C.: Mobility governance for tourstic cities.

11/10-12/13

1.455 (666)

Roberta RUGGERI [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000216 H2POWER: Hydrogen in fuel gas

9/10-10/13 1.440 (634)

Leonardo NALDINI [email protected]

Link website

very good




web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE09.ENV/SE/000348 BIOGASSYS: Extended use of biogas

9/10-9/15 2.846 (1.308)

Anna HANSSON [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE10.ENV/AT/000112 POLYWOOD: Wood gas refinement to car fuel and basic chemicals

9/11-12/15 9.682 (3.934)



LIFE10.ENV/MT/000088 DemoEV: e-mobility in Malta

9/11-12/14 1.888 (668)

Gabriella CASSOLA [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE10.ENV/SE/000035 SLIDE IN: Electric bus in public transport operation

9/11-12/15 1.665 (759)

Patrik RYDEN [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE10.ENV/SE/000041 HYPER BUS: Hybrid and plug-in extended range bus system

9/11-9/14 3.249 (1.546)

Lars BERN [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE11.ENV/NL/000793 E-mobility 3 cities NL: e-mobility charging infrastructure

9/12-3/16 2.075 (733)

Maarten Van Casteren [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE12.ENV/FR/001125 LIFE+ Urbannecy: City logistic to reduce CO2 and PM10 by new fuels.

7/13-3/16 2.040 (959)

Xavier GROSJEAN [email protected]

Link website

−


5/97-11/98 1.576 (715)


Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE98.ENV/B/000269 Make Brussels bicycle friendly Bruxelles: Bicycle friendly Brussels

2/98-12/00 589 (237)

Jean-Luc DE WILDE Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE05.ENV/E/000262 GESMOPOLI: Mobility management in industrial parks.

11/05-10/08

1.441 (721)

Domènec Cucurull Descàrrega [email protected]

Link website

best

LIFE07.ENV/IT/000434 MHyBus: Methane/ hydrogen blend fuel for busses

1/09-12/11 1.323 (589)

Paolo FERRECCHI [email protected]romagna.it

Link website

very good


Transport/ mobility without authorities’ lead Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE00.TCY/CY/051 Traffic emission policy in Cyprus: Set up vehicle emission legislation in Cyprus

5/01-10/03 514 (358)

Link website

excellent

LIFE03.ENV/S/000592 Cleanowa: CNG powered waste trucks

12/02-11/05

3.769 (1.121)



10/03-10/05

4.876 (1.004)

Link website

best of best

LIFE05.ENV/S/000405 DME Vehicle: DME truck (Di-Methyl-Ether)

1/05-6/07 1.815 (907)

Link website

failed

LIFE06.ENV/L/000118 Bio Tyre: Filler development for BioTyres saving petrol

12/05-5/09 12.393 (3.120)

Michael MARKOFF [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good


2/07-1/12 8.839 (4.417)



LIFE07.INF/UK/000950 Eco-Animation: Eco-Animation: childrens' cartoon on climate change and sustainability

1/09-3/11 541 (258)

Luigi PETITO luigi@bs-europa.eu

Link website

very good


1/10-6/12 1.437 (709)


Link website

very good

LIFE09.ENV/LU/000390 ECO2 Tyre Tech: Development of an eco-tyre

9/10-3/14 5.285 (2.268)

Georges THIELEN [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE11.ENV/ES/000585 BIOLCA: Life cycle tool for optimised biofuel use in transport.

7/12-12/14 1.223 (611)

Juan Antonio Gascón Redondo [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −


6/12-5/15 3.346 (1.673)


Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000686 LIFE HUELLAS: Reduce Carbon Footprint of rail infrastructure.

10/13-3/17 1.408 (692)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/FR/000480 LIFE AUTO: Additive for biofuel to save fuel and GHG.

7/13-6/16 3.276 (1.598)

Thierry SEGUELONG [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/NL/000739 Life+ LE2AP: New "cold" asphalt with less emissions.

7/13-6/17 4.909 (1.280)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/SE/000529 Etanolix 2.0 for LIFE+: Ethanol from food wastes

7/13-7/17 4.552 (1.683)

Link website

good


7.2.9 Energy consumption non-road: Rail, aviation and ships There are only few LIFE mitigation projects on non-road transport:

• Three on rail (total budget: 6,0 m€;; funding: 3,0 m€),

• One on aviation (total budget: 0,48 m€;; funding: 0,21 m€), and

• Five on ships (total budget: 18,1 m€;; funding: 6,3 m€).

Mitigation: Rail Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


11/02-10/04

1.253 (616)



6/12-5/15 3.346 (1.673)


Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000686 LIFE HUELLAS: Reduce Carbon Footprint of rail infrastructure.

10/13-3/17 1.408 (692)

Link website

−

Mitigation: Aviation Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE99.ENV/S/000631 Eiatne: Modelling aviation impacts in the Nordic region.

1/99-12/01 476 (210)

Link website

good

Mitigation: Ships Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE03.ENV/NL/000474 LNG Tanker: LNG carrier ship run by "boil off"

12/02-1/05 4.923 (874)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE06.ENV/D/000465 ZEM/SHIPS: Fuelcell passenger ship

11/06-4/10 5.158 (2.384)


LIFE06.ENV/D/000479 WINTECC: Large kite as propulsion for cargo vessels

1/06-6/09 4.116 (1.213)

Link website

excellent

LIFE08.ENV/CY/000461 MARITIMECO2: Impact of ETR for shipping (emission trade)

1/10-7/12 831 (412)

Sergios SERGHIOU [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE09.ENV/SE/000352 Pure Energy Separator: Prototype lubricant separator

9/10-6/13 3.108 (1.439)

Tomas OLDEBÄCK [email protected]

Link website

good


7.2.10 Energy consumption: Agriculture There are 27 mitigation projects involving agriculture (total budget: 72,5 m€;; funding: 31,7 m€).

DG CLIMA specifically requested information on climate change projects in the agriculture sector.

From analysing the relevant LIFE projects it appears that agriculture is related to climate change in several ways:

• As a power consumer (directly via increasingly mechanised farming and indirectly via fertilisers).

• As a fuel producer (biogas, liquid and solid bio fuel/ biomass). • As an emitter of highly potent GHGs like methane (mainly cattle and dairy), ammonia and

nitreous oxide (fertiliser) and occasionally of methane due to de-watering of bogs and wetlands.

• As a carbon sink (captured carbon for green house horticulture, soil build-up measures, afforestation, restoration of bogs to restart sequestration).

It does not appear feasible to subdivide this group of 27 projects as there are many overlaps which would be lost with sub-grouping. Therefore all 27 are listed below.

Taking into account these diverse links to climate change and the large overall contribution to emissions as well as sinks the number of projects is lower than expected. Reasons for this may include the following:

• The agri-sector is a user of technology and methods rather than a developer (LIFE ENV only funds innovative solutions);;

• There are other funding schemes especially for the agri-sector which are many times larger than LIFE and which may fund necessary R&D work;; and

• Mitigation measures often are not “revolutionary” but just require a certain market price to encourage farmers to change their crops and procedures.

If the costs of energy, fertiliser and water rise and the rewards for eco-friendly farming make it financially viable, there is hope that agriculture will change. These points should be taken into account for the LIFE call 2014, which states as one of the focus topics “Agriculture: implementation of low carbon farming practices with a transformational impact and analysis and development of improvements for existing climate measures under CAP [Common Agricultural Policy]”.


Mitigation: Agriculture Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE94.ENV/IT/000116 "Ginestra" Reintroduction of broom cropping: Biofuel from broom (amongst other uses).

1/95-12/98 275 (138)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE02.ENV/H/000440 BIOGASCONVERT: Biogas production and upgrading for CHP plus CO2 for greenhouse use.

10/02-12/04

5.368 (915)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE04.ENV/DK/000067 New potatopro: Energy efficient waste water utilisation (potatoes)

12/03-12/06

6.933 (1.354)

Link website

very good

LIFE05.ENV/UK/000998 Integrated Greenhouse: Integrate greenhouse and other buildings to lower GHG emissions.

1/05-12/08 4.487 (2.243)

Link -‐-‐ good


10/06-12/09

3.381 (1.686)


Link website

best


12/06-2/10 1.917 (956)


Link website

best of best


2/07-1/12 8.839 (4.417)



LIFE07.ENV/D/000240 Best4VarioUse: Standardisation: Turn waste wood to energy or products

1/09-12/11 3.971 (1.793)

Ina EHRHARDT [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −


2/09-1/12 921 (440)


Link website

good


1/09-12/10 534 (267)


Link website

very good


1/10-12/12 1.421 (651)


Link website

excellent

LIFE08.ENV/E/000129 LIFE+AGRICARBON: Research and demonstrate conservation agriculture and precision agriculture.

1/10-12/13 2.675 (1.237)

Emilio Jesús GONZÁLEZ SÁNCHEZ egonzalez@aeac-sv.org

Link website

−


1/10-12/12 1.699 (847)


Link website

good


9/10-12/13 1.589 (794)


Link -‐-‐ good


9/10-8/14 2.577 (1.288)


Link website

−


Mitigation: Agriculture Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000214 GAS-OFF: Research drivers of GHG emissions of livestock and manure.

10/10-12/13

1.806 (903)

Luigi STEFANINI [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE09.ENV/SE/000348 BIOGASSYS: Extended use of biogas

9/10-9/15 2.846 (1.308)

Anna HANSSON [email protected]

Link website

good


9/11-12/14 3.855 (1.928)


Link website

good

LIFE11.ENV/GR/000942 oLIVE-CLIMA: Soil build-up in olive plantations captures carbon.

10/12-9/17 3.649 (1.822)

Sokratis Famellos [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000426 LIFE RegaDIOX: Improved irrigation for carbon richer soils.

7/13-12/16 938 (468)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/FI/000409 MONIMET: Mapping Climate Change effects on boreal zones by innovative combination of data sources

9/13-9/17 2.755 (1.367)


Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/FR/000799 LIFE Carbon Dairy: Carbon plan for French dairy sector

7/13-6/18 2.383 (1.192)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000356 Life RESAFE: Innovative fertilizer

1/14-12/15 1.355 (672)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000424 LIFE ZEF-tile: Oxy-firing and CO2 sequestration in greenhouse

7/13-12/15 1.257 (593)


Link website

−


7/13-6/17 2.942 (1.308)

Link website

−


8/13-7/18 2.140 (1.070)

Link website

−


7.2.11 Energy consumption: LULUCF - Land use, land use change and forestry There are 27 mitigation projects on LULUCF (total budget: 74,0 m€;; funding: 37,4 m€). (The co-funding rate of above 50% is a result of the higher funding rate (75%) of certain NAT projects).

The 27 project can be clearly divided into three sub-groups:

• Restoration of bogs and mires to avoid methane emissions and restart carbon sequestration: Seven NAT projects and one ENV project (quantifying the ecosystem service). As little financial data were available by the end of the study, they are not summarised here.

• Forest projects for sequestration and carbon certificates: Four projects (total budget: 7,0 m€;; funding: 3,4 m€).

• Algae projects for carbon capture and biomass: Three projects (total budget: 14,4 m€;; funding: 6,0 m€).

• Other biomass production/energy crops (mainly for fuel): Six projects (total budget: 11,9 m€;; funding: 5,9 m€).

• Other LULUCF projects, such asevaluation of effects and optimisation, carbon rich soils etc: Five projects (total budget: 19,5 m€ funding: 9,5 m€).

LULUCF: Restoration of bogs Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

One ENV project: LIFE12.ENV/FI/000150 LIFEPeatLandUse: Quantify ecosystem services of peatlands

(no dates) 7/13 – 6/18

no data 2.863..(1.431)

-‐-‐ -‐-‐ −

LIFE04.NAT/PL/000208 PLBALTBOGS: Improve 23 of the 80 Baltic raised bogs

11/03-9/07 968 (681)

Pawel PAWLACZYK [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE07.NAT/D/000233 ReHa Federseemoor: Bog restauration plus archeology

(no dates) no data -‐-‐ website

very good

LIFE07.NAT/UK/000948 Anglesey and Lleyn Fens : Bogs and mires restoration

(no dates) no data -‐-‐ -‐-‐ −

LIFE08.NAT/B/000033 LOMME: Peatbog restoration


good

LIFE08.NAT/FIN/000596 Boreal Peatland Life : Restoring 3000+ ha peatland sites

1/10-12/14 6.727 (3.363)

Jouni Penttinen [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE08.NAT/S/000268 Life to ad(d)mire : Halting emissions from 35 peatland sites

1/10-12/15 6.813 (3.407)

Lisa TENNING [email protected]

Link website

−


4/10-4/15 6.691 (5.018)


Link website

excellent


LULUCF: Forests Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE08.ENV/E/000097 JEREZ + natural: Healthier trees in urban areas

1/10-12/11 657 (318)

Felisa ROSADO REFOLIO [email protected]



1/11-12/14 1.486 (742)


Link -‐-‐ good


9/12-8/17 3.515 (1.753)


Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000092 life-QUF: Forestation of southern cities supported by root funghi (mycorrhizae)

7/13-6/16 1.357 (621)

Link website

−

LULUCF: Algae Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


11/97-10/00

1.149 (456)


Link website

−


11/11-9/16 9.152 (3.580)


Link website

below average

LIFE10.ENV/ES/000496 CO2ALGAEFIX: 1 hektar microalgae test plant for carbon capture.

9/11-6/14 2.981 (1.490)

Augusto RODRIGUEZ-MATONS [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE10.ENV/RO/000734 ALGAE-GHG: CO2 from combustion to grow microalgae.

9/11-8/14 1.100 (495)

Sanda VELEA [email protected]

Link website

−


LULUCF: Other biomass Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE00.ENV/IT/000054 Biosit: GIS for biomass exploitation

10/01-10/03

442 (215)

Link website

very good

LIFE05.ENV/UK/000128 BioReGen: Energy crops from brownfields

12/05-4/10 1.221 (610)

Link -‐-‐ best


10/06-12/09

3.381 (1.686)


Link website

best


12/06-2/10 1.917 (956)


Link website

best of best

LIFE07.ENV/D/000222 PROGRASS: Mobile bio-fuel production from conservation sites

1/09-6/12 3.231 (1.614)

Michael Wachendorf mwach@uni-kassel.de

Link website

excellent


1/10-12/12 1.699 (847)


Link website

good

LULUCF: Other LULUCF projects Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


2/07-1/12 8.839 (4.417)



LIFE07.ENV/IT/000388 CARBOMARK: Setting up voluntary carbon markets

1/09-12/11 1.088 (544)




9/11-12/14 3.855 (1.928)


Link website

good


9/13-9/17 2.755 (1.367)


Link website


7/13-6/17 2.942 (1.308)

Link website


7.2.12 Energy consumption: non-specific private/bottom-up change of habits There are 26 mitigation projects on this topic (total budget: 36,2 m€;; funding: 17,2 m€), of which 10 are INF projects – which is in line with expectations, since INF projects usually target the general public.

The 26 projects can be divided into three small but distinct sub-groups:

• Change of private behaviour as a direct aim: Thirteeen projects, 10 of them INF projects (total budget: 18,9 m€;; funding: 8,6 m€).

• Local action plans by the commune/local authority (preparation of private engagement, indirect): Eight projects (total budget: 11,9 m€;; funding: 5,9 m€).

• End-user devices/consumer goods: Four projects (total budget: 4,4 m€ funding: 2,0 m€).

Projects trying to change private habits Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

ENV projects LIFE02.ENV/UK/000147 Carra: Local action combining enery saving and Climate action

11/02-12/04

422 (270)

Link website

very good

LIFE09.ENV/SE/000350 CLICC: Climate Change conform behaviour of citizens

9/10-8/15 4.352 (1.370)

Dagmar GORMSEN [email protected]

Link website

failed

LIFE10.ENV/ES/000494 People CO2Cero: Initiate bottom up engagement of citizens for Climate Change action.

9/11-9/13 724 (362)

Javier ANTÓN CACHO javieranton@ayto-soria.org

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE10.ENV/IT/000401 ECO Courts: Eco-friendly lifestyle (not only Climate Change)

10/11-9/14 1.680 (840)

Daniela LUISE [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

INF projects LIFE07.INF/E/000852 CHANGING THE CHANGE: Climate Change information for the agro-forestry sector and the general public

1/09-12/10 534 (267)


Link website

very good


1/09-12/11 1.988 (990)



1/09-4/11 1.033 (510)


Link website

good


1/09-12/11 1.942 (971)




1/09-3/11 541 (258)


Link website

very good


Projects trying to change private habits Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE08.INF/GR/000589 ProSuDePe: Eduction to reduce energy, waste and fire.

1/10-12/12 1.232 (593)



1/10-12/12 768 (384)


Link website

very good


7/13-6/16 776 (388)

Link website

−

LIFE12.INF/IT/000465 EcoLife: Climate friendly lifestyle

10/13-9/16 1.112 (554)

Link website

−


9/13-8/16 1.294 (636)

Link website

good

Local action plans Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE05.TCY/IL/000131 CBCSCIL: General Agenda 21 capacity building in Israel

10/05-10/08

490 (335)

Link website

−


1/09-12/11 2.033 (1.015)




1/09-12/12 2.146 (1.073)


Link -‐-‐ good


9/10-12/13 1.568 (784)


Link website

−

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000200 LAIKA: Local authorities organise GHG reductions

10/10-9/13 1.853 (926)

Elena MONTICELLI [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/SE/000346 GREECIT: Local environmental measures

10/10-3/15 2.670 (1.302)

Johan SANDSTRÖM [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE11.ENV/IT/000119 BLUE AP: Transfer local adaptation planning to Italy. Includes mitigation.

10/12-9/15 986 (493)

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000138 LIFE STARS (+20): Save energy in tourist lodges.

10/13-9/16 1.706 (820)

Link website

−


End-user devices/ consumer goods Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


10/03-9/06 767 (371)

Link website

βεστ


10/05-10/07

556 (167)

Link website

βεστ οφ βεστ

LIFE09.ENV/GR/000299 SOL-BRINE: Solar-driven autonomous treatment of desalination brine

10/10-3/13 1.210 (605)


Link website

ϖερψ γοοδ

LIFE11.ENV/IT/000103 HEO: New enamelling to improve efficiency of electric ovens (kitchen).

6/12-5/15 1.821 (855)

Teresa Vitale [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −


7.2.13 Non-CO2 emissions There are 61 mitigation projects on this topic (total budget: 141,6 m€;; funding: 63,0 m€).

This large group of projects could be subdivided into seven smaller groups with little overlap. The charts below show the distribution of projects, budget and strands.

For each of the seven sub-groups a small list of four to 15 projects follows on the next pages.

0 5 10 15 20

number / m€

agri: livestock waste

agri: other non CO2

CH4 from bogs

industrial process

waste

landfill gas

other/ general

LIFE projects on mitigation ofNon-CO2 GHG emissions

Numer of projects

EU contribution [m €]

Figure 14: Non CO2 greenhouse gas emissions: Budget and EU contribution.

Figure 15: Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions: project numbers by LIFE strands

The distribution is without extremes. The NAT dominance in “CH4 from bogs” and the concentration of PRE (preparatory) projects in the category “other/ general” are in line with expectations..


7.2.13.1 Non-CO2 emissions: Agriculture/livestock waste There are 15 mitigation projects on this topic (total budget: 41,2 m€;; funding: 17,2 m€).

This appears to one of the largest sub-categories within LIFE climate change projects.

Non-CO2 emissions: Agriculture/ livestock waste Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE03.ENV/IRL/000312 Duck slurry: Recycling of duck slurry to fertiliser

11/03-4/05 1.601 (490)

Raphael MC EVOY [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE05.ENV/E/000302 Ecodiptera: Insect treatment of pig manure to gain fertiliser

12/05-11/08

1.595 (792)

Emilio SANCHIS MOLL [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE05.ENV/EE/000387 ECOMAN: Pig manure treatment

1/05-7/07 3.491 (565)

Link website

below average

LIFE06.ENV/E/000044 ES-WAMAR: Collective pig slurry management and treatment

10/06-3/10 6.900 (2.564)

Arturo Dauden Ibanez [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ best

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000453 MANEV: Manure management

1/11-12/14 4.166 (2.076)

Arturo Dauden Ibanez [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ -

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000459 ECOREGA: Green cattle farming

1/11-12/12 600 (282)

Paula CONTE [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000214 GAS-OFF: Research drivers of GHG emissions of livestock and manure.

10/10-12/13

1.806 (903)


Link -‐-‐ -


9/11-2/15 2.151 (1.045)


Link -‐-‐ -


9/11-12/14 2.440 (1.219)


Link -‐-‐ -

LIFE12.ENV/CY/000544 LIFE LIVE-WASTE: Low GHG cattle waste treatment

9/13-8/16 2.147 (1.074)

Link website

-

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000647 LIFE+Farms for the future: Pig manure

9/13-9/17 2.368 (1.178)

Link website

-

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000689 LIFE MIX_FERTILIZER: Pig manure

9/13-8/16 1.259 (617)

Link website

-

LIFE12.ENV/FR/000799 LIFE Carbon Dairy: Carbon plan for French dairy sector

7/13-6/18 2.383 (1.192)

Link website

-

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000671 LIFE-OPTIMAL2012: Cattle waste to fertiliser

7/13-12/17 5.190 (1.920)

Link -‐-‐ -

LIFE12.ENV/SE/000359 LIFE SludgeisBiofuel: Sewage sludge and manure to biogas.

7/13-6/16 3.063 (1.250)

Link website

below average


7.2.13.2 Other non-CO2 emissions from Agriculture There are eight mitigation projects on this topic (total budget: 14,8 m€;; funding: 7,1 m€).

Non-CO2 emissions: Agriculture: other non-CO2 Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


1/09-12/10 534 (267)


Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/E/000129 LIFE+AGRICARBON: Research and demonstrate conservation agriculture and precision agriculture.

1/10-12/13 2.675 (1.237)

Emilio Jesús GONZÁLEZ SÁNCHEZ egonzalez@aeac-sv.org

Link website

−


9/10-12/13 1.589 (794)


Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE11.ENV/IT/000302 IPNOA: Decrease N2O emissions from agriculture in Tuscany.

6/12-5/16 2.059 (996)

Sandro Mori [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE12.ENV/ES/000590 LIFE SEED CAPITAL: Rapeseed to bio-diesel and animal fodder to reduce CH4 emissions.

9/13-9/16 1.025 (512)

Link website

−

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000404 LIFE+_Climate changE-R: Decrease CH4 and N2O emissions from agriculture in Tuscany.

7/13-12/16 1.854 (892)

Link website

−


7/13-6/17 2.942 (1.308)

Link website

−


8/13-7/18 2.140 (1.070)

Link website

−


7.2.13.3 Non-CO2 emissions: Methane from bogs There are eight mitigation projects on this topic (total budget: 21,2 m€;; funding: 12,5 m€).

There are many more bogs and mires projects in LIFE NAT. The ones below were included as they cover larger areas or many smaller ones.

One notable inclusion in this list is a recently-started ENV project that will try to quantify the ecosystem service of peatlands, i.e. put values on ecological and economic effects.

Non-CO2 emissions: Methane from bogs Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE04.NAT/PL/000208 PLBALTBOGS: Improve 23 of the 80 Baltic raised bogs

11/03-9/07 968 (681)

Pawel PAWLACZYK [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE07.NAT/D/000233 ReHa Federseemoor: Bog restauration plus archeology

(1/09-3/14) 1.304 (652)

-‐-‐ website

very good

LIFE07.NAT/UK/000948 Anglesey and Lleyn Fens : Bogs and mires restoration

(no dates) no data -‐-‐ -‐-‐ −

LIFE08.NAT/B/000033 LOMME: Peatbog restoration


good

LIFE08.NAT/FIN/000596 Boreal Peatland Life : Restoring 3000+ ha peatland sites

1/10-12/14 6.727 (3.363)

Jouni Penttinen [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE08.NAT/S/000268 Life to ad(d)mire : Halting emissions from 35 peatland sites

1/10-12/15 6.813 (3.407)

Lisa TENNING [email protected]

Link website

−


4/10-4/15 6.691 (5.018)


Link website

excellent

LIFE12.ENV/FI/000150 LIFEPeatLandUse: Quantify ecosystem services of peatlands

(no dates) no data -‐-‐ -‐-‐


7.2.13.4 Non-CO2 emissions: Industrial processes There are eight mitigation projects on this topic (total budget: 6,5 m€;; funding: 2,2 m€).

They either deal with end-of-pipe technologies to remove/recycle emissions (e.g. nitrous oxide) from an industrial plant or with integrated technologies using alternative cooling agents or construction material which a lower carbon footprint. The latter climate effect may appear indirect, but its effect often is underestimated due to the size of the material streams involved (e.g. building material and construction waste, which was the subject of the RENEW BUILDING project).

Non-CO2 emissions: Industrial processes Project short description Duration


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LIFE94.ENV/F/000669 N2O recycling: N2O conversion plant.

4/94-12/94 500 (115)

Link -‐-‐ −


10/03-9/06 767 (371)

Link website

best

LIFE04.ENV/BE/000015 BATECNOR: N2O conversion plant.

12/03-3/06 1.043 (287)

Emile DE DECKER Link website

terminated

LIFE04.ENV/HU/000372 ECOFILTER: Wash ammonia from mushroom production exhaust air.

12/03-12/05

1.681 (341)

Arpad MUTSY [email protected]

Link website

good


10/05-10/07

556 (167)

Link website

best of best


11/05-1/09 502 (151)

Link website

below average

LIFE08.ENV/A/000216 RENEW BUILDING: Ecological refurbishment of buildings

1/10-12/12 684 (323)

Robert WIMMER [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good


9/10-8/13 800 (400)




7.2.13.5 Non-CO2 emissions: Waste There are six mitigation projects on non-CO2 emissions from waste streams (total budget: 11,5 m€;; funding: 4,4 m€). For the waste streams it was assumed that if not treated with the projects’ methods they would be landfilled and then would contribute to landfill gas emissions.

Non-CO2 emissions: Project short description Duration


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Sco-ring

LIFE06.ENV/D/000460 SLUDGE2ENERGY: Waste reduction and energy yield from sewage sludge

10/06-3/10 3.812 (769)

Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/H/000291 ISIM-TCC: "Industrial Symbiosis": waste of one business as raw material for another to increase resource efficiency

1/10-12/12 793 (397)

Krisztina BÁRDOS [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE09.ENV/GR/000294 WASTE-C-CONTROL: Assessment software for GHG of waste streams

10/10-9/12 2.363 (1.004)

Nikos GARGOULAS [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE09.ENV/GR/000307 ENERGY-WASTE: Gasification of non-recyclable waste fraction

1/11-12/13 1.923 (900)

Markellos GRIPARIS [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE12.ENV/IT/000611 LIFE+ - VIRGIN: Gasification and energetic use of absorbent hygiene product (AHP) residues

7/13-12/15 2.061 (1.030)

Marcello SOMMA [email protected]

Link website

−


1/09-3/11 541 (258)


Link website

ϖερψ γοοδ


7.2.13.6 Non-CO2 emissions: Landfill gas There are 13 mitigation projects on this topic (total budget: 28,9 m€;; funding: 11,0 m€)

Non-CO2 emissions: Landfill gas Project short description Duration


web sum

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Sco-ring


2/97-1/98 591 (159)


LIFE98.ENV/D/000524 Waste site emission reduction: Reduce landfill gas emissions.

8/98-8/02 3.227 (518)

Heinz BÖKERS heinz.boekers@abfallwirtschaft-emsland.de

Link website

−

LIFE04.ENV/DE/000056 ZAK-process: Reduce landfill gas emissions with proper stacking of waste.

12/03-12/06

4.335 (1.345)

Georg GIBIS info@zak-ringsheim.de

Link website

very good

LIFE05.ENV/DK/000141 BIOCOVER: Reduce methane emission from landfill by "bio-cover"

8/05-11/08 513 (256)

Link website

below average

LIFE05.ENV/E/000319 MICROPHILOX: Microturbines for low methane landfill gas

10/05-3/09 1.303 (582)

Link website

best of best


12/05-5/08 217 (108)


Link website

very good

LIFE08.ENV/B/000040 CLIM-WASTENER: Gaining power and heat from landfill gas

1/10-12/12 2.422 (1.211)

Xavier LOMBARD [email protected]

Link website

−

LIFE08.ENV/E/000123 PARK RENOVA: Self-sufficient energy supply by landfill gas.

1/10-6/13 2.691 (570)

Antonio ORUS [email protected]


LIFE08.ENV/IT/000429 UPGAS-LOWCO2: Capture CO2 from landfills to get pure methane

1/10-6/12 679 (339)

Ennio CARNEVALE [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000484 DEMONSTRATION OF KDV TECH: Waste to liquid fuel (bio-diesel) by depolymerisation

10/10-9/12 4.872 (2.338)

Fernando PEREZ [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE10.ENV/IT/000341 RECOIL: Collect and recover waste cooking oil.

9/11-2/15 1.819 (872)

Serena DRIGO [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE10.ENV/SE/000038 Wastetofuel: Liquified biogas from landfills

9/11-8/14 3.298 (1.262)

Håkan Rosqvist hakan@rosqvist-resurs.se

Link website

failed

LIFE11.ENV/UK/000402 ACUMEN: Methane from old landfills

9/12-8/15 2.935 (1.437)

Neil Davies neil.davies@environment-agency.gov.uk



7.2.13.7 Non-CO2 emissions: Other/general There are three mitigation projects on this topic (total budget: 13,3 m€;; funding: 6,7 m€).

Non-CO2 emissions: other/ general Project short description Duration


web sum

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Sco-ring

LIFE05.PREP/UK/000012 LETS update: Assessment of the EU ETS phase I.

6/06-6/05 625 (312)

Link website

very good


2/07-1/12 8.839 (4.417)




9/11-12/14 3.855 (1.928)


Link website

good

7.2.14 INF (Information and Communication) projects on mitigation There are 13 INF projects on mitigation (total budget: 177 m€;; funding: 88 m€).

Ten of these projects have already been listed under “non-specific private/bottom-up change of habits” in the mitigation chapter, and thus are simply copied here (total budget: 11,2 m€;; funding: 5,6 m€).

Of the other three projects, two are on air conditioning systems and one is about landscape-scale conservation initiatives (total budget: 6,5 m€;; funding:3,2 m€).

Half of the INF mitigation projects also deal with adaptation (and thus appear in both lists).

INF projects to change private habits Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


1/09-12/10 534 (267)


Link website

very good


1/09-12/11 1.988 (990)



1/09-4/11 1.033 (510)


Link website

good


1/09-12/11 1.942 (971)




1/09-3/11 541 (258)


Link website

very good

LIFE08.INF/GR/000589 ProSuDePe: Eduction to reduce energy, waste and fire.

1/10-12/12 1.232 (593)



1/10-12/12 768 (384)


Link website

very good



7/13-6/16 776 (388)

Link website

−

LIFE12.INF/IT/000465 EcoLife: Climate friendly lifestyle

10/13-9/16 1.112 (554)

Link website

−


9/13-8/16 1.294 (636)

Link website

good

Other INF projects on mitigation Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


9/10-8/13 800 (400)



LIFE09.INF/PL/000283 DOKLIP: Climate friendly air conditioning in cars

9/10-8/15 1.803 (902)

Wojciech SZYMALSKI w.szymalski@ine-isd.org.pl

Link -‐-‐ −


9/11-12/14 3.855 (1.928)


Link website

good


7.3 Crosscutting topics and projects In this chapter two groups of projects are highlighted that do not fit into the sector-specific clusters identified in the previous chapters on adaptation and mitigation. The two following groups show the additional capabilities of the database created for this study.

The first one is “GHG monitoring”, one of the focus topics of the LIFE 2014 call. GHG monitoring corresponds to “measuring/monitoring” – which is a category in the set phase of the solution cycle.

The second group includes “crosscutting” projects, i.e. those assigned to more than one sub-topic of climate change.

7.3.1 Crosscutting topic: greenhouse gas monitoring The sets of categories do not contain a special item “GHG monitoring”. However, “measuring/monitoring” is a separate category and includes those projects with a considerable focus on GHG monitoring.

There are 17 projects (two PREP and 15 ENV) that feature aspects of GHG monitoring (this includesmonitoring by measured emissions as well as by calculated emissions).

Projects on GHG monitoring Project short description Duration


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LIFE00.ENV/NL/000808 EQuation: Proof of LCA tools practicability for building standards Note: Simplified LCA-methodology for mass application to quantify the actual environmental quality/ performance

4/01-3/03 645 (323)

Link website

best

LIFE02.ENV/UK/000136 Catch: Urban transport for clean air in Liverpool Note: Implementation of an advanced pollution monitoring techniques in Liverpool city centre;;

9/02-8/05 3.945 (1.494)

Karen BOOTH [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE03.ENV/IT/000343 DesAir: Local ETS Note: Emission trading scheme at a regional level

10/03-9/05

563 (251)

Edoardo CROCI [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE05.ENV/GR/000235 SUSCON: IPP in construction plus software tool Note: Evaluation of the environmental performance of participating companies.

10/05-9/08

1.111 (555)

Link website

good

LIFE06.PREP/A/000006 EC4MACS: Joint simulation of air pollution and climate Note: Includes an EU wide network on climate and air pollution data.

2/07-1/12 8.839 (4.417)



LIFE06.PREP/UK/000002 TRITECH ETV: Evaluation system for eco products Note: Creation of as standard evaluation of the performance of environmental technologies

9/06-8/09 1.393 (696)

Anthony DAVIS [email protected]



Projects on GHG monitoring Project short description Duration


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Sco-ring

LIFE07.ENV/FIN/000133 SNOWCARBO: Mapping and monitoring net anthropogenic carbon Note: A combination of Earth observation information with in situ data allows to distinguish anthropogenic influences from natural background CO2.

1/09-12/12

2.156 (1.047)

Jouni Pulliainen [email protected]

Link website

good

LIFE07.ENV/FIN/000141 VACCIA: Assessment of Climate Change vulnerability of regions and sites via spatial data simulation. Note: Assess impacts and vulnerability by use of satellite data and derive critical thresholds.

1/09-12/11

3.122 (1.547)



LIFE07.ENV/IT/000388 CARBOMARK: Setting up voluntary carbon markets Note: Contains a complete tool for the implementation of local carbon markets.

1/09-12/11

1.088 (544)



LIFE07.ENV/IT/000451 LAKS: Local Climate Change accounting and action plan Note: Local GHG accounting

1/09-10/11

1.305 (652)

Link website

good

LIFE08.ENV/F/000485 ROMAIR: Air quality modelling and forecast system Note: Monitoring and forecasting of emissions (traffic and others).

1/10-6/12 1.437 (709)


Link website

very good

LIFE09.ENV/FI/000572 MACEB: Black Carbon monitoring and its impact on Climate Change

1/11-12/13

1.647 (820)

Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/FR/000598 CLIMATE: Regional climate action plan. Note: Carbon accounting in the County Council.

9/10-12/13

1.568 (784)


Link website

−

LIFE09.ENV/GR/000294 WASTE-C-CONTROL: Assessment software for GHG of waste streams Note: Software to monitor and report emissions of activities around solid waste.

10/10-9/12

2.363 (1.004)

Nikos GARGOULAS [email protected]

Link website

very good

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000214 GAS-OFF: Research drivers of GHG emissions of livestock and manure. Note: Monitor emissions of 50 dairy farms.

10/10-12/13

1.806 (903)


Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE11.ENV/IT/000302 IPNOA: Decrease N2O emissions from agriculture in Tuscany. Note: Development of two prototypes for monitoring of N2O fluxes.

6/12-5/16 2.059 (996)

Sandro Mori [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ −

LIFE12.ENV/FI/000409 MONIMET: Mapping Climate Change effects on boreal zones by innovative combination of data sources Note: Interlinking different monitoring systems.

9/13-9/17 2.755 (1.367)


Link website

−


7.3.2 Crosscutting projects with a broad scope This group of projects was selected by looking at how many categories were assigned to them in the database by the author. Therefore, these projects are “crosscutting” in the sense that they combine sub-topics which other projects work on separately. Therefore the projects in this group should be equipped with or have yielded overarching knowhow. From the project title alone this overarching aspect is not really visible. Thus, parts of the texts for objective and results have been added from the LIFE project database.

Projects with the broadest scope Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


2/07-1/12 8.839 (4.417)



EC4MACS successfully joint forces of several sectoral simulation systems via harmonisation of data acquisition, formats and inter-links between the simulation systems. Thus it is now possible to calculate scenarios with unprecedented reliability in a short period of time. The project has remarkably enhanced not only the quantitative base for the development of policies in the fields of air pollution and climate, but also the way in which options, scenarios, measures and costs/benefits are being negotiated. As the data are provided by the national experts and the data base as well as the methods for calculation are absolutely transparent and widely discussed and agreed, it is hard for the involved experts and politicians to disagree with the results. This has its impact on the selection and implementation of more (cost) efficient measures in the above fields. During the European-wide review of all air legislation and measures the EU has used EC4MACS for the impact assessment of different scenarios. The impact assessment already was evaluated as the best assessment for long time. As a result the "ambition level" (the amount of technical possible measures which will become obligatory) was raised from meagre 25% (recent decades) to now 75%, as EC4MACS could prove, that this level of measures would be cost effective, i.e. would have higher benefits for the population than costs. This rise equals about 3 billion Euro per year additional expenditures into air quality improvement.


1/09-12/11

3.122 (1.547)


Link -- excellent

The VACCIA project studied the vulnerability of ecosystem services to Climate Change and the possibilities for different sectors of society to adapt to these changes. These studies allowed probability-based vulnerability assessments to be made. In particular, the project assessed how anticipated Climate Change would change the production of selected main ecosystem services/sectors (biodiversity, forest and agricultural production, carbon sequestration, water resources and quality, fishery production, tourism), and identified critical change thresholds. The derivation of these Climate Change scenarios and vulnerability assessments (database) was the main result of the project. The use of satellite data based GMES-services for making these assessments and adaptation studies (maps, databases) was another key result. • Contribution to the development of national environmental legislation (Environmental Impact Assessment

regulation). • Contribution to the development of European policies (European Climate Change Programme 11) for

Climate Change adaptation by providing tools, data and examples on climate impacts and adaptation measures.

• Contribution to the development of international networks for climate/global change impacts assessment.




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Sco-ring


9/13-9/17 2.755 (1.367)


Link website

−

The LIFE MONIMET project aims to fill knowledge gaps regarding carbon and water balances and their relationship to Climate Change in boreal zones including regions' vulnerability. It implements an innovative approach of in-situ monitoring and mapping of Climate Change indicators by combing different information sources describing phenology, CO2 and CH4 exchange, land cover, snow evolution and albedo. The information sources include in-situ observations and Earth Observation (EO) (satellite) data, as well as ancillary data supporting vulnerability assessments. Dedicated high-resolution regional models will be applied to describe climate and land surface fluxes of carbon and water by different ecosystems. Actions carried out to achieve these objectives shall involve: • Collecting information, data and expertise that is currently spread over several institutes, in order to build a

comprehensive platform for analysing Climate Change effects on seasonal dynamics of various phenomena;; Establishing links and adding value to existing monitoring mechanisms such as ICOS and EO systems (GMES) and making use of data acquired in previous LIFE-funded - and other - projects related to ecosystem monitoring;;

• Creating a new webcam monitoring system to facilitate EO systems by providing time-series of field observations for calibration and validation, and to improve the assessment of forest ecosystem services;;

• Synthesising modelling and observation approaches to identify climate indicators;; and • Linking the Climate Change indicators and their effects in order to create vulnerability maps of boreal

zones in connection to Climate Change scenarios.

LIFE11.ENV/IT/000119 BLUE AP: Transfer local adaptation planning to Italy. Includes mitigation.

10/12-9/15

986 (493)

Link -‐-‐ −

The main goal of the BLUE AP project is to provide Bologna with a Local Adaptation Plan, to make the town more resilient in the face of Climate Change. The project will • Learn from and disseminate the best EU experiences in adaptation planning at the town level, and adjust

them to fit the specific Italian situation;; • Consolidate a governance and planning model usable in the large number of Italian cities already

committed (more than 1000 Covenant of Mayors signatories), but not experienced in strategic planning for climate adaptation;;

• Establish an information system that is comprehensive and innovative (integrating environmental with social data) and that will produce new information about Climate Change risks and vulnerability in Bologna;;

• Offer “start up” support to local stakeholders, with the aim of designing and launching some of the measures and actions defined by the Local Adaptation Plan.

Expected results: • A protocol involving stakeholders’ in climate adaptation, based on 100 “Stakeholder Challenges” and 100

“Financing Challenges” surveys. An analysis report summarising stakeholders’ needs and opportunities;; • A baseline report addressing the strengths and weaknesses of the Bologna municipality in the face of the

need to adapt to Climate Change;; • Preparation of the Bologna Local Urban Environment Adaptation Plan (BLUE AP);; • The political commitment by the local government to adopt and start the implementation of the BLUE AP;; • The design and start up of at least six pilot actions, as part of the initial implementation of BLUE AP.




web sum

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Sco-ring


1/10-12/13

2.441 (1.049)


Link -‐-‐ −

The project aims to apply and evaluate methods of municipal management of Climate Change, assessing their cost-effectiveness in meeting the goals for reducing greenhouse gases (GHG). This will include both adaptation and mitigation measures. An action plan to combat Climate Change will be adopted and new regulations for protecting the atmosphere, municipal planning of green spaces, parks and public gardens will be endorsed. A set of incentives and methods to encourage the involvement of businesses and commercial sectors in combating Climate Change will also be developed. The project will calculate initial emissions at the beginning of the project in order to help assess the results achieved at the end. In this way the project hopes to provide a model for other municipalities of similar size and/or socio-economic characteristics (i.e., a growing suburb). In parallel, a strong awareness-raising campaign about Climate Change will target the general public, schools and main business sectors.




web sum

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Sco-ring


1/09-12/12

2.146 (1.073)


Link -‐-‐ good

The ‘Julia 2030’ project was set up to implement and demonstrate new (and further develop exiting) methods, procedures and tools, as part of a climate strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the Helsinki metropolitan area. The project actions would concentrate on public procurement, use of public premises, transport and waste management. Results: The ‘Julia 2030’ project developed and demonstrated opportunities to reduce CO2 emissions. It carried out extensive campaigns to promote awareness of CO2 emissions and ways to reduce them by making informed choices. • "Eco-supporters": The project promoted environmental responsibility in a wide range of workplaces

through the creation of ‘eco-supporters’. Eco-support activities begin by appointing and training one or more eco-supporters. The state of environmental affairs at the workplace is then reviewed to determine any improvements that could be made. Finally, the eco supporters guide and inspire their colleagues in implementing new ecological practices. The target was greatly exceeded, with a total of 640 new eco-supporters trained.

• "CO2 calculators" for several sectors were developed and tested, including public premises (calculator for monitoring the greenhouse gas emissions of 32 selected pilot premises like schools, day care centres, libraries, public swimming pools, community centres etc.). Between 2009 and 2011 GHG emissions (including those relating to work-related travelling by staff, paper and waste) of the pilot sites fell by 8%.

• "Green public procurement": For this area general guidelines compiled, which include a comprehensive study of public procurement regulations and practical instructions on how to arrange competitive tendering for various purchases of goods and services. For five product groups the project developed a specific JUHILAS tool for calculating the carbon footprint. In the tendering process its footprint results are used as an evaluation criterion.

• The project specified lifecycle-based GHG emission factors for 15 types of waste, which were incorporated into the Petra waste benchmarking service used by businesses and public administration, as well as into the waste flows monitoring system of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. A new Konsta waste calculator was developed for use by households, enabling them to assess their own waste volumes and the resulting GHG emissions. A new model called Emmi was developed for forecasting municipal waste volumes.

• Transport sector: The project provided a very user-friendly CO2 calculators to help residents choose the best modes of personal mobility from the point of view of Climate Change mitigation. A chocolate calculator (indicating the energy consumed when walking) was incorporated into the walking and cycling section of the Journey Planner. The Jälki carbon calculator for weekday transport paints a broader picture of climate emissions, and also provides tips on more climate friendly ways of getting around.

• Within the ‘Julia 2030’ project, a regional Climate Change adaptation strategy was developed. This strategy aims at preparing the region for the consequences of and to reduce the region’s vulnerability to Climate Change. Translating efforts to reduce CO2 emissions into clear policy initiatives will require a long time. Nevertheless, cost savings can be achieved in the running of public buildings, the procurement of goods, the selection of transport modes and the handling of waste.




web sum

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Sco-ring


1/09-12/10

534 (267)


Link website

very good

The main objective of the CHANGING THE CHANGE project was to provide Climate Change information to the Galician agro-forestry sector and the general public. The project also aimed to bring about a shift of attitude in farmers towards sustainable management alternatives (renewable energies and bio fuels, recycling, energy efficiency measures, organic farming, climate adapted crops etc.) The project foresaw the organisation of 41 workshops to key stakeholders, the attendance at relevant fairs, the design of awareness raising materials and articles in the press, the establishment and monitoring of a series of indicators at 2000 farms and a personalised advisory office in each of the 37 Galician counties. Results: The CHANGING THE CHANGE project completed all planned activities with great success. The workshops with around 1300 farmers were useful and generated considerable interest and the chance to increase self esteem (especially among the 500 children involved). More than 130 000 people attended two big fairs in Galicia. Technicians at the 37 agrarian offices in Galicia acted as environmental advisors (new legislation, possible environment-linked subsidies, implementation of good practices for mitigation and adaptation to Climate Change) for nearly 7000 requests for information. 2000 people took part in three surveys carried out every six months to monitor the impact and the progress of the adoption of good practices: • Increase in the use of bio fuels;; • Increase in the surface of solar panels installed;; • Decrease in the consumption of water;; • Increase of agricultural surface dedicated to agrofuels crops;; • Decrease in the use of nitrogen fertilisers/Increase in the use of organic fertilisers;; • Increase of carbon content of soils;; • Increase of forest plantations. Communication activities included the production of ‘Eco-guides’, brochures, posters, stickers, conference materials and educational materials for schools. The project received wide coverage in regional and local media. Climate Change issues are now sustainably embedded in the day-to-day activity of technicians.




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LIFE12.ENV/SE/000800 SOLMACC: Climate friendly farming

8/13-7/18 2.140 (1.070)

Link website

The SOLMACC LIFE project aims to demonstrate a set of innovative, climate-friendly (mitigation and adaptation) farm practices under experimental conditions. The project will demonstrate a set of four, innovative, climate-friendly farming practices:

1. Optimised on-farm nutrient recycling;; 2. Optimised crop rotation with legume-grass leys;; 3. Optimised tillage system;; and 4. Agroforestry.

These will be implemented on 12 organic farms in Sweden, Germany and Italy. The project expects to show a reduction of around 15% in the carbon footprint of plant products and greater resilience to the consequences of Climate Change on the pilot farms. It also expects to show coherence with other sustainability objectives of the EU, such as the control of soil erosion, biodiversity conservation and enhancement, and the efficient management of natural resources, such as water. The project is still running. Expected results: • The successful implementation of an innovative set of climate-friendly farm practices on twelve organic

farms in Sweden, Germany and Italy;; • A 15% reduction in GHG emissions from agricultural activities;; • An improved capacity to adapt to the negative effects of Climate Change;; • A richer debate on EU policy around Climate Change and agriculture.


9/11-12/14

3.855 (1.928)


Link website

good

The main objective is to encourage the development and implementation of landscape-scale conservation initiatives, involving many partners, in 34 priority areas across the UK. These areas, known as ‘Futurescapes’, cover a total area of 2.18 million ha and include populations of 3.83 million people. The 34 areas have been chosen to give good geographical coverage and to reflect both their need and potential. Additional objectives are to carry out high-level advocacy work to promote the landscape-scale approach and to disseminate information about the project to relevant stakeholders throughout the EU. The key messages will be that landscape-scale conservation is important and that it can bring major benefits to local communities as well as to wildlife. The main actions will involve the employment of a team of regional officers to lead the communication work targeting potential partners and funders. Their work will help lead to the identification and delivery of conservation projects by the partnerships. They will be supported by public engagement staff to focus on communicating with the general public and schools. The project is still running. Expected results: • Establishment of active partnerships in each of the project areas. This may involve contact with 10-40

organisations within each area and agreement on 3-5 practical tasks per area, covering about 10% of the total area (c. 200 000 ha);; and

• Engagement with up to 10 000 members of the public in each Futurescape. This will be supported by a communications strategy.


Section C: Conclusions and recommendations


8 Conclusions and recommendations The main aim of this thematic LIFE study is to provide useful information about the solutions the LIFE programme contributes to the mitigation of and adaptation to Climate Change. This information is relevant not only to DG ENV, but also to DG CLIMA and EASME (both newly involved in the management of LIFE since 2014), to the EC’s Thematic Units, to LIFE National Contact Points and to climate change projects. The study should also strengthen the link between the Units in charge of the management of operational projects and Thematic Units dealing mainly with environmental policy.

Two-step approach Already from the creation of a separate DG on Climate Action one can assume that climate change is a broad topic. This is so because the main emission source of GHG – namely the combustion of fossil fuels – is very closely related to energy generation and energy consumption. Accordingly, it is present in an extremely wide range of sectors and activities – and in turn in a mass of LIFE projects. This fact makes it necessary to approach the topic in two steps or phases:

• Firstly to identify climate change-relevant projects, classify them and provide an easy way of filtering the 366 total projects in line with individual requirements;; and

• Secondly to choose sub-topics of climate change and carry out a more detailed analysis (i.e. comparable to previous thematic studies).

The second step – or phase II – can only be done after the first one.

This study therefore concentrates on the first of these two steps and has produced a database and search tool covering the breadth of climate change LIFE projects. The discussion of individual projects and the highlighting of their results are left for the user or for further detailed studies in the future (e.g. on climate change mitigation in agriculture, industry or energy supply). This approach proves to be of high value for users who need to find answers to questions such as

• Which LIFE projects have covered a certain climate change subtopic? • Has LIFE already funded projects similar to a newly-submitted proposal? • Which beneficiaries should contact each other due to similarities in their projects?

For the general public, Astrale has produced a LIFE Focus brochure on LIFE and Climate change mitigation. A second publication, LIFE and Climate change adaptation, will follow in 2015.

Successful completion and test of step 1: the classification and the database It was only possible to test if the work done to define the classifiers and to attribute each of the 366 projects to one or more of those classifiers would pay off towards the end of the study. Tests indicate that the classifications work as intended: as the clusters generated accurately show the contribution of LIFE to the particular sub-topics. The study (and the annexed database) gives the reader an easy and yet precise means of accessing projects of individual interest. As no such structure for the broad topic of climate change had been identified at the beginning of this process, the newly-developed classifications may be an additional benefit of this study.

The text/print version displays all 366 projects in more than 50 clusters. This leaves an average of six to 10 LIFE projects per cluster, i.e. a specific sub-topic. A few larger mitigation clusters with higher numbers of projects remain: “industrial processes”, “transport/mobility“ and “housing/construction”. The further subdivision of these clusters can be done individually in the attached spreadsheet database using the filter functions provided (year, country, prototype etc.).


Impressive scope of the LIFE programme The fact that there are 366 projects with considerable links to climate change demonstrates that climate change is a major topic in the LIFE programme. The EU has contributed some 350 m€ to these projects, helping to mobilise a total budget of some 900 m€. (Exact figures are not available as the budgets for some failed projects can only be estimated and for the projects still running only proposed budgets exist.)

For this study, several sets of classifications were used on the projects concerned. It turned out that for any one of the more than 50 categories a group of several projects exists dealing explicitly with this category (with “social tensions” being the one only missing - more details below). Therefore, a second conclusion is that LIFE is operating across the full scope of climate change categories.

Imbalance towards mitigation In general adaptation (with a total of 59 projects) lags behind mitigation (335 projects) within LIFE. Confronted with the immediate threat of global warming a private household would probably put all its efforts in getting prepared for the change. However, the changes are beyond the planning horizon of most families. Why then is mitigation the dominant topic, when effects of mitigation not only are as distant as global warming but on top of that are beyond the control of individual efforts (private as well as national), because private inputs have to be shared globally? The author sees two reasons for this puzzle:

• Most of the mitigation measures come with a short-term financial bonus (saving energy costs or getting refunds for alternative energy production), whilst in adaptation there is no short-term refund.

• There is a very high level of consensus and fear concerning the direction of climate change (warmer) and the major cause (CO2). Only with such unison and settled conviction it is possible to push forward a task as large as halting global warming, without a public uproar considering the large expenditures and increasingly tighter regulations.

The author notes that debate of these fundamentals is not taking place, which appears unusual for a pluralistic society. However, when taking global warming for granted, it still appears quite optimistic to focus so much on mitigation: It implies a) that humankind has the potential to keep warming below 2 °C, b) that all nations with considerable CO2 emissions will join in and c) that they will do so in time. DG CLIMA has announced it plans to put more emphasis on adaptation in LIFE 2014-2020. It appears to be a good idea to do so. However, most of the mitigation projects not only cut down emissions but also save energy – and often are profitable (especially in the industry concerned). For pure adaptation projects such a direct incentive rarely exists or is harder to calculate and communicate. This may be challenging. Bottom line: It may be high time to increase awareness and action on the adaptation side.

The topic “Social: migration, social tension, jobs” caused by climate change has not been addressed by any LIFE climate change projects. For most people, the environmental consequences of climate change (water scarcity, extreme weather etc) will pale into insignificance compared to the socio-economic impacts: income loss, rising costs, migration, tension – and the potential for social unrest. It is difficult to draw a line where “environment” ends and “the social” starts. Therefore the EC bodies managing the LIFE programme should consider ways in which LIFE projects may address social topics and, at the very least, create links to those DGs concerned with social issues in order to discuss overlapping know-how, potentials and responsibilities.


Should the LIFE programme set specific funding goals for topics that have been omitted so far? Derived from the experience of many years of monitoring LIFE projects and from compiling several synthesis reports on LIFE ex-post monitoring 8, the author would like to share the following points:

• There are many more problems to be solved than funding by LIFE could cover. • A high benefit for the environment can only be yielded from well-run projects with

sustainable results. There is no point in pushing projects on a very specific topic in exchange for a lower chance of sustainable benefits.

• Ex-post evaluations have identified the key criteria for successful and sustainable ENV projects: motivated beneficiaries and highly-effective project execution.

• With the new LIFE programme for the period 2014-2020 a new group of “Integrated Projects” will be able to sustain concentration on a specific topic for a longer period.

Bottom line: The focus topics for the LIFE calls should be broad enough to obtain a sufficient number of high quality proposals. Concerning the topic “Social: migration, social tension, jobs” mentioned above as an example: LIFE would not be able to “create” worthwhile project proposals just by putting an emphasis on that issue. Therefore, it is suggested that in discussions with other DGs and national governments a feasible way of sharing the responsibility has to be found. This will ensure that if there are no LIFE projects on social tension, programmes managed by other DGs could develop suitable solutions.

An imbalance in the distribution of projects As depicted in the charts in chapter 6.2, there is a very uneven regional distribution of LIFE projects and funding. Three quarters of the 59 adaptation projects take place in five countries. One-third of Member States have not had any adaptation projects at all. Between 2000 and 2012 the top two countries Spain and Italy accounted for 40% of all mitigation and adaptation projects, and this trend is increasing: Italy and Spain had 45% of the projects funded between 2007 and 2012 and 68% of all LIFE ENV projects (not just climate change) funded in the 2013 LIFE ENV call.

It should be pointed out that LIFE is a bottom up programme and Italy and Spain also submit by far the most project applications. However, the distribution pattern indicates that there may be a potential for optimisation. In order to make sure that LIFE gets the most out of Europe’s joint environmental innovative power the EC should examine this issue.

Other imbalances The fact that 90% of LIFE climate change projects have been financed under the ENV strand is not considered problematic. Rather it is an expected consequence of how objectives are distributed between the strands (see chapter 6.2 “Climate change projects in the LIFE strands, years and regions”).

Projects also appear to be adequately distributed across levels of governance (local, regional etc). Concerning the distribution within the “solution cycle” the author also does not see an issue of concern. The EC may prefer a higher share of “Regulation/Standardisation” projects. However, it should be noted that LIFE ENV has a considerable focus on innovative and demonstrative projects, which usually are ahead of standardisation and regulation. Also, the majority of projects are focused on solving individual challenges. Contributing to a regulation is thus a secondary issue, unless the regulation itself puts pressure on the beneficiaries.

8 Update Report “Synthesis of Ex-Post Monitoring Missions - Undertaken January 2009 –June 2014” (July 2014], will be published under http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/publications/lifepublications/index.htm


LIFE call 2014: Focus topic “Agriculture” The LIFE call 2014 lists as one of the focus topics: “Agriculture: implementation of low carbon farming practices with a transformational impact and analysis and development of improvements for existing climate measures under CAP”. The following findings should be taken into account for the agriculture projects:

From analysing the relevant LIFE projects it appears that agriculture is related to climate change in several ways:

• As a power consumer (directly via increasingly mechanised farming and indirectly via fertilisers).

• As a fuel producer (biogas, liquid and solid bio fuel/ biomass). • As an emitter of highly potent GHGs like methane (mainly cattle and dairy), ammonia and

nitreous oxide (fertiliser) and occasionally of methane due to de-watering of bogs and wetlands.

• As a carbon sink (captured carbon for green house horticulture, soil build-up measures, afforestation, restoration of bogs to restart sequestration).

Taking into account these diverse links to climate change and the large overall contribution to emissions as well as sinks the number of projects is lower than expected. Reasons for this may include the following:

• The agri-sector is a user of technology and methods rather than a developer (LIFE ENV only funds innovative solutions);;

• There are other funding schemes especially for the agri-sector which are many times larger than LIFE and which may fund necessary R&D work;; and

• Mitigation measures often are not “revolutionary” but just require a certain market price to encourage farmers to change their crops and procedures.

If the costs of energy, fertiliser and water rise and the rewards for eco-friendly farming will be competitive, there is hope that the agriculture will change and bring in a considerable contribution to the fields mentioned above where agriculture is linked with climate change.

Suggested steps for further in-depth analyses Many of the more than 50 clusters, which evolved from this study, do not need further elaboration. They comprise only a handful or a dozen projects and those readers who need to find out what LIFE has done so far on that specific topic, can get further details with little effort.

In order to facilitate detailed analysis of larger groups of projects (e.g. ones about “industrial processes” or “agriculture”), thematic experts within (and outside) the EC will need to formulate specific objectives and requirements and collaborate with the external monitoring team according to a set timeline.

One potential area for a detailed analysis could be the “Diverse roles of agriculture within climate change”. Agriculture is a focus topic for the 2014 LIFE call and will continue to be of importance in the years to come.

With 76 climate change mitigation projects focusing on industrial processes, “industry” could also be a suitable topic for an in-depth thematic study.

A chance for networking This document and the annexed project database are not only of help for experts in the EC but are also a chance for those involved in climate change projects to find out who else is working on similar topics, and to get in contact with other projects. Therefore, the distribution of this study to as many as possible climate change projects is a chance for networking, which in turn would be positive for LIFE and for the environment.

Climate Change Thematic Report July 2014 Draft Annex 4 p. 107 / 11

Annex 1: Database of LIFE climate change projects (electronic file / separate file)


Annex 2: List of all 59 adaptation projects


Projects on adaptation There are 59 adaptation projects (total budget: 123,7 m€;; funding: 62,1 m€)

All adaptation projects by LIFE strand and number Project short description Duration


web sum

web site

Sco-ring


7/98-12/02 1.394 (520)

Link website

best

LIFE02.ENV/E/000198 ECO-VALLE: Shading to boulevards

9/02-8/05 1.835 (601)

Link website

good

LIFE03.ENV/UK/000611 Response: Climate Change risk mapping and strategies for coastal zones

9/03-8/06 1.683 (841)

Link website

very good


12/05-11/08

5.610 (1.510)


Link website

best


1/09-12/11 1.238 (616)




1/09-12/11 3.122 (1.547)




1/09-12/11 1.838 (898)


Link website

excellent


1/09-12/11 914 (455)


Link -‐-‐ good


1/09-12/12 2.146 (1.073)


Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE07.ENV/E/000824 LIFE+BOSCOS: Management plans for resilient forests

1/09-12/13 1.444 (718)

Joan JOANEDA [email protected]

Link -‐-‐


1/09-12/13 3.166 (1.583)

Per_Arne NILSSON per-[email protected]

Link website

very good


2/09-1/12 921 (440)


Link website

good


1/10-12/12 1.421 (651)


Link website

excellent


1/10-12/13 2.441 (1.049)


Link -‐-‐


1/10-6/12 1.752 (876)


Link website

good

LIFE08.ENV/GR/000554 AdaptFor: Assess Climate Change impact on forests and adapt forest management

1/10-6/13 1.719 (833)

Link website




web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE08.ENV/LV/000451 HydroClimateStrategyRiga: Prepare for floods due to Climate Change

2/10-11/12 662 (329)

Gvido PRINCIS [email protected]

Link website

excellent


1/11-12/14 1.486 (742)


Link -‐-‐ good


10/10-3/13 1.210 (605)


Link website

very good

LIFE09.ENV/ES/000450 BIOENERGY & FIRE PREV.: Optimised forest logging plans and reduction of fire risk

10/10-9/13 1.024 (512)

Fernando PRADELLS MONZÓ [email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good


9/10-12/13 1.589 (794)


Link -‐-‐ good

LIFE09.ENV/IT/000056 WIZ: 9/10-8/13 1.897 (942)




9/10-8/14 2.577 (1.288)


Link website


9/10-8/15 1.847 (923)

Ulla HAVERINEN-SHAUGHNESSY ulla.haverinen-[email protected]

Link -‐-‐ good


9/11-12/14 2.440 (1.219)


Link -‐-‐


9/11-2/15 2.151 (1.045)


Link -‐-‐


9/11-8/14 1.359 (678)


Link website

excellent

LIFE10.ENV/FR/000208 FO3REST: Research of ozone and climate effects on leaves.

9/11-8/14 1.322 (658)

Pierre SICARD pierre.sicard@acri-st.fr

Link website

LIFE10.ENV/IT/000380 AQUOR: Balancing the regional hydrology.

9/11-9/13 1.815 (693)

Teresa MURARO [email protected]

Link -‐-‐

LIFE10.ENV/ES/000458 ECOGLAUCA ÉRGON: Energy crop for arid wasteland

9/11-9/14 1.376 (635)

Santiago ARÉVALO LLÁCER [email protected]

Link -‐-‐


10/12-9/15 1.618 (808)


Link -‐-‐


10/12-9/15 986 (493)

Link -‐-‐

LIFE11.ENV/IT/000215 RESILFORMED: Adapt of forest management to Climate Change to prevent fire etc.

6/12-6/16 1.559 (779)

Luciano Saporito [email protected]

Link -‐-‐




web sum

web site

Sco-ring

LIFE11.ENV/SK/001019 Hydro-climate recovery: Flood prevention

8/12-9/15 1.432 (690)

Dana KRAVCÍKOVÁ [email protected]

Link website

good


9/12-2/16 2.531 (932)


Link website


9/12-8/17 3.515 (1.753)


Link -‐-‐


NV/ 12 9/13-9/17

2.755 (1.367)


Link website


7/13-12/17 2.989 (1.481)

Link website


7/13-3/16 1.616 (808)

Link website


7/13-6/17 2.942 (1.308)

Link website


7/13-6/18 2.549 (1.266)

Link website


7/13-7/17 838 (414)

Link website


8/13-7/18 2.140 (1.070)

Link website


9/13-12/16 6.429 (3.214)

Link website

INF projects


1/09-12/10 534 (267)


Link website

very good


1/09-12/11 1.988 (990)



1/10-12/12 768 (384)


Link website

very good


9/10-12/13 1.795 (873)


Link website

excellent




web sum

web site

Sco-ring


9/11-12/14 3.855 (1.928)


Link website

good


7/13-6/16 776 (388)

Link website

NAT projects

LIFE99.NAT/UK/006081 Living with the Sea: Coastal change

8/99-7/03 2.234 (1.117)

Mark DUFFY Mark.duffy@english-nature.org.uk

Link website

excellent

LIFE07.NAT/UK/000938 TaCTICS: Coastal habitat protection

1/09-12/12 2.010 (1.005)

Nick FOLKARD [email protected]

Link website

very good


1/08-12/18 2.185 (1.092)


Link website


4/10-4/15 6.691 (5.018)


Link website

excellent


9/10-12/14 3.055 (1.490)


Link website


8/13-7/18 5.262 (3.946)


Link website

LIFE12.NAT/IT/000370 SPIN4LIFE: Little relevance for Climate Change. Increase general the resilience of N2000 habitats.

9/13-11/16 2.630 (1.315)

Giovanni SALEMI giovanni-[email protected]

Link website

TCY projects


12/04-10/07

529 (369)



11/05-10/07

361 (252)

Link website


End of document

life and climate change report

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