life cycle analysis of one future’s supply chain methane ......supply chain methane emissions ....
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Solutions for Today | Options for Tomorrow
Life Cycle Analysis of ONE Future’s Supply Chain Methane Emissions Final Project Summary
2018Presented by: Timothy J. Skone, PE ONE Future Methane & Climate Strategies Event, Houston, TX: May 15,
Discover, integrate and mature technology solutions to enhance the Nation’s energy foundation andprotect the environment for future generations
Mission
EFFECTIVE RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
EFFICIENT ENERGY CONVERSION
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
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• Materials Performance• Alloy Development/Manufacture• Geospatial Data Analysis
• Process Systems Engineering• Decision Science• Functional Materials• Environmental Sciences
• Energy Conversion Devices• Simulation-Based Engineering• In-Situ Materials Characterization• Supercomputer Infrastructure
Oil and Gas Strategic Office
Oil and Gas Strategic Office
NETL Competencies by SiteMultiple Sites Operating as 1 LAB System
OREGON
ALASKA
TEXAS
WEST VIRGINIA
PENNSYLVANIA
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Energy Life Cycle AnalysisCradle -to-grave environmental footprint of energy systems
Extraction Processing Transport Conversion Delivery Use
Mfg.
Constr.MissionDevelop and utilize the LCA framework and methods to support the evaluationof sustainable energy systems both in and outside of the Department of Energy
VisionA world -class research and analysis team that integrates results which inform and recommend sustainable energy strategy and technology development
• e n e r g y s u s t a i n a b i l i t y •
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Collaboration Between DOE and industry• NETL supports DOE’s mission to advance U.S. energy security
and conducts a broad spectrum of research anddevelopment programs
• ONE Future is a group of leading natural gas companiesfocused on reducing methane (CH ₄) emissions a cross thesupply chain
• Study objective: Characterize ONE Future’s supply chain greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and evaluate opportunities for improvement
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ONE Future’s Data Representativeness
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• 2016 operations• Full supply chain
(production through delivery)
• 11 production basins
• 5% to 12% of U.S. supply chain c apacity(depending on stage)
• Includes facilities below EPA’s reporting threshold
Emission Inventories vs. LCALCA allows direct comparisons between U.S. and ONE Future
6,985
270
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
kilo
ton
CH₄/
yr
OTHER
PRODUCTION/Vented and Combusted/Blowdowns
PRODUCTION/Vented and Combusted/Liquids Unloading
DISTRIBUTION/Fugitives/Pipeline Leaks
GAS PROCESSING PLANTS/Vented and Combusted/Compressor Exhaust
PRODUCTION/Vented and Combusted/Compressor Exhaust
PRODUCTION/Fugitives/Well Pad Equipment
TRANSMISSION AND STORAGE/Vented and Combusted/Compressor Exhaust
PRODUCTION/Vented and Combusted/Pneumatics
PRODUCTION/Fugitives/Gathering and Boosting
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0%
10%
20%TRANSMISSION AND STORAGE/Vented and Combusted/Transmission Stations
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
U.S. ONE Future U.S. ONE Future
• Inventory does not facilitate comparisons per unit of delivered fuel (e.g., 1 MJ delivered natural gas)• LCA is necessary to model an integrate ONE Future’s assets into a balanced supply chain
0.30%
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0.46%0.52% 0.54% 0.54%
0.67%
0.02 0.20%
0.01 0.10%
0.00 0.00%
0.03 0.30%
0.42%0.04 0.40%
0.05 0.50%
0.06 0.60%
0.07 0.70%
PRODUCTION GATHERING & PROCESSING TRANSMISSION STORAGE PIPELINE DISTRIBUTION BOOSTING
Cumulative CH₄ Em
issionRate
g CH
₄/M
J NG
Deliv
ered
• 0.10 g CH₄/MJ delivered natural gas (can be as high as 0.20 g CH ₄/MJ )• 0.67% CH₄ emission rate (can be as high as 0.92%)• 2015 U.S. average emission rate is 1.62%; equivalent to a 240 Bcf /yr reduction
ONE Future’s Life Cycle CH₄ EmissionsRepresentative of a hypothetical, vertically integrated ONE Future supply chain
0.10 1.00%
0.09 0.90%
0.08 0.80%
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00PRODUCTION GATHERING &
BOOSTINGPROCESSING TRANSMISSION STORAGE PIPELINE DISTRIBUTION
gCH
₄/M
J
ONE Future U.S.
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• ONE Future total CH ₄ emissions are lower than U.S.• Distribution is only stage where ONE Future has higher emissions than U.S.• Greater uncertainty for ONE Future a function of data representativeness and stage
connectivity
ONE Future Comparison to U.S. Average2015 U.S. average natural gas compared to 2016 ONE Future operations
• Mitigation options available to ONE Future are different than for the entire natural gassupply chain
• Low cost opportunities result in1.1 Bcf in annual CH 4 emission reductions
• Most opportunities haverecovery costs that exceed natural gas market value
Marginal Abatement CostsUsed as a companion analysis tool that represents assets within ONE Future’scontrol
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Findings and Recommendations
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• Compressors- A significant emission source represented by all supply chain stages- More data and analysis could give us a mechanistic understanding
of compressor emissions• Episodic emissions
- Liquids unloading variability is a top driver of uncertainty- Further research and analysis on episodic variability could inform
the discussion on top -down vs. bottom -up emissions• MAC
- Complements LCA with a cost and scale perspective- Further development of MAC method could lead to regional and
operator -specific recommendations for emission reductions
• Value- Cost effective methane reduction opportunities vary by
region and industry sector – one-size-fits-all nationalperspectives can over and underestimate real world methane reduction opportunities
- Improved transparency of both methane emissions andmarket viable reduction opportunities to investors/shareholders
- Ability to benchmark and report methane emissionsperformance on an equivalent delivered unit of gasbasis while appropriately acc ounting for the movement of gas from production to delivery to the end customer
• Keys to Success- Phase II private -public partnership between ONE Future
and NETL to inform regional differences by operator- Company results blinded and reported at the basin -
level by industry sector- Combined LCA and MAC analysis to inform future
methane reduction potentials- Comparison to U.S. regional averages by sector to
benchmark and communicate methane reduction opportunities
Potential Next StepsMoving from national and aggregated ONE Future perspectives to regional and sector assessments
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Acknowledgments• DOE Office of FossilEnergy
- Tim Reinhardt - HQ Director of Supply & Delivery- Christopher Freitas - HQ Senior Program Manager
• ONE Future- Fiji George- Richard Hyde
• AECOM- Terri Lauderdale- Matt Harrison
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Report Access
https://netl.doe.gov/research/energy -analysis/search-publications/vuedetails?id=2637
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Contact InformationTimothy J. Skone, P.E.Senior Environmental Engineer • Strategic Energy Analysis(412) 386-4495 • [email protected]
James LittlefieldSenior Engineer • KeyLogic(412) 386-7560 • [email protected]
netl.doe.gov/LCA [email protected] @NETL_News
• e n e r g y s u s t a i n a b i l i t y •
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Supporting Material: InventoryPerspectiveGa
s Wel
lFug
itive
s
GasW
ells
Wel
lPad
Equi
pmen
t
Gath
erin
g and
Boos
ting
Blow
dow
ns
Chem
. Inj
ectio
nPu
mps
Com
pres
sorE
xhau
st
Dehy
drat
orVe
nts
Drill
ing,
Wel
l Com
plet
ion,
and
Wel
lWor
kove
r
Kim
ray
Pum
ps
Liqu
ids
Unl
oadi
ng
Nor
mal
Ope
ratio
ns
Pneu
mat
ics
Prod
uced
Wat
er fr
omCB
M
Prod
uced
Wat
er fr
om C
oal B
edM
etha
ne
Ups
ets
Wel
l Cle
anU
ps
Drill
ing,
Com
plet
ion,
or W
orko
ver
Flar
es
Com
pres
sorS
eals
Plan
tFug
itive
s
Reci
p.Co
mpr
esso
rs
AGR
Blow
dow
ns/V
entin
g
Com
pres
sorE
xhau
st
Dehy
drat
ors
Pneu
mat
ics
Pipe
line
vent
ing
Stor
age
Tran
smiss
ion
Com
pres
sor S
tatio
ns (T
rans
miss
ion)
M&
R
Pipe
line
Leak
s
Stor
ageS
tatio
ns
Tran
smiss
ionS
tatio
ns
Wel
ls(S
tora
ge)
Com
pres
sorE
xhau
st
Dehy
drat
orVe
nts
Nor
mal
Ope
ratio
n
Pneu
mat
ic D
evic
es T
rans
miss
ion
Stor
ageP
neum
atic
s
Tran
smiss
ion
Pneu
mat
ics
Cust
omer
Met
ers
Cust
omer
Met
ers
Met
er/R
egul
ator
Met
er/R
egul
ator
(City
Gate
s)
Pipe
line
Leak
s
Rout
ine
Mai
nten
ance
Ups
ets
Fugitives Vented and Combusted Fugitives Vented and Combusted Fugitives Vented
PRODUCTION
Fugitives Vented and Combusted
GAS PROCESSING PLANTS TRANSMISSION AND STORAGE DISTRIBUTION
kilo
ton
CH₄/
yr
Greenhouse Gas Inventory (GHGI) shows emissions on an annual basisU.S. ONEFuture
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
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• Comparisons- Within ONE Future- ONE Future vs. U.S.
• Level of detail- Supply chain stages- Specific emission sources
• Metrics- Mass of CH 4 and other GHGs- Emission rate of CH 4
• Magnitude• Uncertainty
- Variability- Data gaps
Supporting Material: Multi-faceted ResultsInterpretations can be made from more than one perspective
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Supporting Material: Compressor CH₄
PROCESSING / Vented & Combusted / Combustion Exhaust (compressor-drivers)
PRODUCTION / Vented & Combusted / Liquids Unloading (adder)
GATHERING&BOOSTING / Vented & Combusted / Combustion Exhaust (compressor-drivers and other combustion of NG)
PRODUCTION / Vented & Combusted / Liquids Unloading (Plunger)
DISTRIBUTION / Fugitives / Distribution Mains & Services
PRODUCTION / Vented & Combusted / Hydraulic Fracturing Completions & Workovers (flaring)
PRODUCTION / Vented & Combusted / Pneumatic Device (Intermittent Bleed)
PRODUCTION / Fugitives / Equipment leaks
PRODUCTION / Vented & Combusted / Liquids Unloading (Manual)
STORAGE / Vented & Combusted / Combustion Exhaust (engine)
TRANSMISSION / Vented & Combusted / Combustion Exhaust (engine)
TRANSMISSION / Fugitives / Reciprocating Compressors
STORAGE / Vented & Combusted / Station Venting
TRANSMISSION / Vented & Combusted / Blowdowns
GATHERING&BOOSTING / Vented & Combusted / Pneumatic Device (Intermittent Bleed)
PRODUCTION / Vented & Combusted / Combustion Exhaust (compressor-drivers and other combustion of NG and diesel)
-0.008 -0.006 -0.004 -0.002 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008g CH₄/MJ NG delivered
All supply chain stages have compressor systems with fugitive and exhaust CH ₄.
CH₄ Emission Contributions CH₄ Emission Uncertainties
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Supporting Material:Liquids Unloading & Distribution MainsSome ONE Future emission sources are significant drivers of total emissions and are significantly different than the U.S. average.
• Liquids unloading adder- 18% of ONE Future CH 4- 29% lower than U.S. CH 4- Driven by regional differences in
reported and simulated liquids unloading
• Fugitives from distribution mains- 14% of ONE Future CH 4- 86% higher than U.S. CH 4- ONE Future has more cast iron pipe in its infrastructure (a known issue being
addressed by pipe replacement programs)
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