life in indian territory chapter 6 all political power is inherent in the people, and all free...
TRANSCRIPT
Life in Indian Territory
Chapter 6
All political power is inherent in the people, and all free
governments are founded on their authority, and instituted
for their benefit.-Constitution of the Chickasaw Nation
MenuMenu
Maintaining OrderMaintaining Order The Civilized in Uncivilized LandThe Civilized in Uncivilized Land SequoyahSequoyah Governing the PeopleGoverning the People Mission SchoolsMission Schools Settling Other TribesSettling Other Tribes
Maintaining OrderMaintaining Order
Difficult conditionsDifficult conditions Indian Territory Indian Territory notnot a part of U.S. a part of U.S. Fort GibsonFort Gibson main stronghold of main stronghold of
territoryterritory
No established towns
Didn’t always get promised supplies
Dishonest traders
Arguments among tribes
The Civilized in Uncivilized LandThe Civilized in Uncivilized Land
Farmer-Hunters Farmer-Hunters 1.1. Lived off the landLived off the land
2.2. Preferred home sites along a riverPreferred home sites along a river
3.3. 2 or 3 families would settle near 2 or 3 families would settle near each other for protectioneach other for protection
Merchants & Educated LeadersMerchants & Educated Leaders
Generally established themselves Generally established themselves in towns along rivers.in towns along rivers.
Established Established 3 important trading3 important trading centers centers
1.1. ChouteauChouteau2.2. TahlequahTahlequah3.3. DoaksvilleDoaksville
Indian PlantationsIndian PlantationsTribal members could make improvements Tribal members could make improvements
to land, but only sell the improvements to land, but only sell the improvements (never the land).(never the land).
Some with black slaves planted and raised:Some with black slaves planted and raised:1.1. CottonCotton2.2. Sweet potatoesSweet potatoes3.3. CornCorn4.4. HorsesHorses5.5. CattleCattle
Son of a Cherokee woman and Nicholas Son of a Cherokee woman and Nicholas Gist (a friend of George Washington)Gist (a friend of George Washington)
Crippled by hunting accidentCrippled by hunting accident Invented Cherokee syllabary, or Invented Cherokee syllabary, or
alphabetalphabet May not have developed alphabet had it May not have developed alphabet had it
not been for missionaries eager to not been for missionaries eager to translate the Bible.translate the Bible.
Persecuted by tribal members and wifePersecuted by tribal members and wife1.1. They burned his cabinThey burned his cabin2.2. Once she destroyed his papers, but he shrugged and started Once she destroyed his papers, but he shrugged and started
overover
““Talking Leaves” consisted of 86 Talking Leaves” consisted of 86 characterscharacters
Governing the PeopleGoverning the People
The three following ideas remained at The three following ideas remained at the heart of the Indian way of life:the heart of the Indian way of life:
1.1. Common ownership of landCommon ownership of land
2.2. Sharing tribal resourcesSharing tribal resources
3.3. Rights of womenRights of women
Cherokee GovernmentCherokee Government
Seat of government – Seat of government – TahlequahTahlequah Cherokee Advocate, the Cherokee Advocate, the firstfirst newspaper newspaper
in the Indian Territoryin the Indian Territory Treaty of 1846Treaty of 1846 recognized: recognized:1.1. A United Cherokee Nation andA United Cherokee Nation and
2.2. Pardoned past crimes by Cherokee MembersPardoned past crimes by Cherokee Members
Executive Branch – Principal Chief with Assistant PC & executive council
Legislative Branch – National committee(2 members from 9 districts & council (3 members per district)
Judicial Branch – Supreme court, circuit court and others as needed
Legal Rights:Legal Rights: Right to be heard, to be told exact Right to be heard, to be told exact charges, to confront witnesses, speedy trial by charges, to confront witnesses, speedy trial by jury, and not testify against oneselfjury, and not testify against oneself
Religious Rights:Religious Rights: free exercise of religious free exercise of religious worship, but no one who “denied the being of a worship, but no one who “denied the being of a God or future state of reward and punishment” God or future state of reward and punishment” could hold officecould hold office
Schools:Schools: National Male Seminary and National National Male Seminary and National Female Seminary opened in 1851Female Seminary opened in 1851
Cherokee government continued:
Creek Creek (aka Muskogee)(aka Muskogee) GovernmentGovernment
Seat of Government – Seat of Government – OkmulgeeOkmulgee Worked with missionaries to fund Worked with missionaries to fund
mission schoolsmission schools
Executive BranchExecutive Branch – Principal chief – Principal chief Legislative BranchLegislative Branch – Council made of the two houses: – Council made of the two houses:
House of Kings (1 per town) and House of Warriors (1 per House of Kings (1 per town) and House of Warriors (1 per 200 people)200 people)
Judicial BranchJudicial Branch – High Court, 6 district courts – High Court, 6 district courts
Choctaw GovernmentChoctaw Government
Seat of government Seat of government
Nahih WayahNahih Wayah
Executive BranchExecutive Branch – Principal Chief and 3 district chiefs – Principal Chief and 3 district chiefs Legislative BranchLegislative Branch – Senate ( 4 per district) and House of – Senate ( 4 per district) and House of
Representatives (1 per 1,000 persons)Representatives (1 per 1,000 persons) Judicial BranchJudicial Branch – Supreme, circuit and county courts – Supreme, circuit and county courts
RightsRights: to speedy and public jury trial, excessive bail : to speedy and public jury trial, excessive bail prohibited, accused had right to be heardprohibited, accused had right to be heard
Religious Rights:Religious Rights: No provision except that there was no No provision except that there was no religious test for public officereligious test for public office
Schools:Schools: academies provided in all districts opening after academies provided in all districts opening after 18401840
Chickasaw GovernmentChickasaw Government
Seat of governmentSeat of government TishomingoTishomingo
Executive BranchExecutive Branch – Governor – Governor Legislative BranchLegislative Branch – House of Representatives and – House of Representatives and
SenateSenate Judicial BranchJudicial Branch – Supreme, district, and county courts – Supreme, district, and county courts
Legal Rights:Legal Rights: to speedy public trial by jury, no one forced to speedy public trial by jury, no one forced to testify against oneself, excessive bail and cruel and to testify against oneself, excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments prohibitedunusual punishments prohibited
Religious Rights:Religious Rights: No religious test for holding office No religious test for holding office Schools:Schools: Chickasaw Academy, Bloomfield School, Chickasaw Academy, Bloomfield School,
Wapanucka Female Institute, & Colbert InstituteWapanucka Female Institute, & Colbert Institute
Mission SchoolsMission Schools Most major denominations such as:Most major denominations such as:
MethodistsMethodists, , BaptistsBaptists, and , and PresbyteriansPresbyterians supported some type of supported some type of mission work among the Native Americansmission work among the Native Americans
The The first schoolfirst school opened in Indian opened in Indian Territory was at Territory was at Union MissionUnion Mission in 1821 in 1821 with 4 Osage children.with 4 Osage children.
They taught the children various school They taught the children various school subjects. The girls were taught subjects. The girls were taught homemaking skills. They made friends homemaking skills. They made friends with the Indians and supported them in with the Indians and supported them in their efforts to save their tribal landstheir efforts to save their tribal lands
Settling Other TribesSettling Other Tribes
SeminoleSeminoleComancheComancheQuapawQuapawOttawaOttawaPeoriaPeoria
DelawareDelaware (famous for being scouts and guides)(famous for being scouts and guides)
AnadarkoAnadarkoWyandotWyandot
OklahomaOklahomaThe History of an American StateThe History of an American State
By Sue BlakeyBy Sue Blakey
Clairmont PressClairmont Press
Montgomery, AlabamaMontgomery, Alabama
Copyright 1995Copyright 1995
Images: Flag, Sequoyah, 5 Civilized Tribe Photos
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.otrd.state.ok.us/StudentGuide/images/FlagVignette.gif
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v008/images/v008p149photo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v008/v008p149.html
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Five-Civilized-Tribes-Portraits.png