life in mao's china part 1

LIFE IN MAO’S CHINABY 10-1 ADAM

Wednesday, December 7, 2011

TASK

By analyzing 2 reforms implemented by Mao, explain the affect Mao’s rule had on the lives of Chinese people, 1949-76.


MY VIEW

Every word in the presentation do not represent my perspective.


INTRODUCTION1.How Mao took over China

Text

Republic of China capital before 1949

New capital of ROC


INTRODUCTION---HOW MAO TOOK OVER CHINA

The conditions were very bad before 1949. After the Republic of China was founded in 1911, there were still many problems. Sun Yat-Sen, the founder of R.O.C. decided to let the general of Qing Dynasty, Yuan Shikai, to become the temporary president of R.O.C in exchange the surrender of Qing Dynasty, but after he become the temporary president, Yuan Shikai started to seize power and gain his army and in 1913 Yuan Shikai seized all the power and start to make himself become the new emperor.

Sun Yat-Sen, founder

of R.O.C.



In year 1916, Yuan Shikai was killed, but there were many generals who have its own territory, many armies and they were supported by different nations. They refused to listen to R.O.C government. The war started in the year 1926. The R.O.C. nation troops lead by Chiang Kai-shek won the war and the country was united again in the year 1928. In the year 1927, Chiang Kai-shek started to wipe out the communism party in China, but in year 1936, Chiang Kai-shek stopped fighting against the communism party and started to prepare the war for the Japan invasion. In the year 1937, Japan invaded China. The war ended in 1945.

Yuan Shikai



Japan had badly weakened the armies, economies in China. At that time, many people were suffering from the poverty, and because those wars the economy went so bad that the government can’t help it. Then the communism party used the poor to fight against the rich and start the revolution.



The communism used the countryside to become their bases, and at that time the economy was terrible. Many years of wars created hunger and poverty especially in countryside. Low education rate in the countryside let the Communism had a chance to brainwash people. In that time many tenants worked in low paid and while the owner of the farm can live in a rich life. The communism used this idea and they killed rich people and forced them to work in the farm and abused them, while the tenants who lived in poverty didn’t need to work at all.



This way made the communism gained many support, because at that time the population of farmers and poor people is very high in the nation. The Japanese army had weakened the ROC army a lot and during the time Japan surrendered and the government retake over the country, the communism had already gained and control the large population in the countryside. This is the main reason how communism took over China.

American invader must fail

From the year 1946,Chinese communism party had killed 8

million ROC’s solider whom is

support by America



Chiang Kai-shek’s secret police, Chief Dai Li, was killed in the plane crashed which was believed was planned by the communism. Communism got a large supply from Russia and that increased the power of Chinese Communism.

Chiang Kai-shek,

the president

of Republic of

China (Taiwan)

moved the capital

to Taipei (Taiwan).


WHAT REFORM DID I CHOOSE

I choose the two reforms are The Great Leap Forward, and the Culture Revolution. Those two reforms is because I deeply believed that those two had the most impact on the Chinese citizens. Many years had passed from the year 1949, but until today that year had changed billions of Chinese, Taiwanese’s life.


REFERENCES

1."Republic of China." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 25 Nov. 2011. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc. 25 Nov. 2011 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China>.

2."Mao Zedong." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 23 Nov. 2011. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc. 25 Nov. 2011 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao>.

3."Chiang Kai-shek." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 24 Nov. 2011. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc. 25 Nov. 2011 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek>.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek

SUMMARY

Life under Mao's China is difficult. Mao Zedong had deeply changed many people’s life in China. His reforms had effected everyone in China. His Agriculture Reform had let the peasants lived better, however the riches were living in suffer and been killed. His Great Leap Forward had broke the billions of families into communes. The failure of the Great Leap Forward had caused a starvation and killed more than 46 million and until today, they still saying 30% of death during that time is caused by the Nature Disaster which is not true. Mao’s Culture Revolution Reform had been the terrible political act to gain his personal politic power.


SUMMARY

The Culture Revolution Reform had a huge impact on the society. Schools closed two years, and more than 11 millions of students had join the Red Guards. Mao used the Red Guard to promote his communism ideas and used them as a tool to make himself looked like a God. Those Red Guards had burned churches, temples, museums and had huge damage of the Chinese culture. Many people had been beaten to death including teachers, professors, and others whom been seem as the rightist. More than 56 million people died. In Mao’s China people had “no right, no freedom, and even need to worry about its safety. Everything Mao did had a very huge impact on the society and the people. Even today our society had still been effected by Mao.


GREAT LEAP

FORWARD


GREAT LEAP FORWARD

The success of the first five year plan and the second five year plan had increased the economy in China. Mao hope the economy to grow faster and catch up the industrial countries like America and British. In order to achieve this goal, Mao decided to start the Great Leap Forward in February 1958. The goal is to make China to become the industrialized country.


GREAT LEAP FORWARD

The Great Leap Forward plan was one of the most ambitious plan ever exist in history. The PRC separated families into People’s Communes. Every Chinese citizens are include in the GLF program. In the Communes people live together, work together, and share tools,and properties. No private properties were allowed, and all land belongs to the nation.


GREAT LEAP FORWARD

One communes were made up between two thousand and twenty thousand households. Each communes had its own government and economy. In the communes, household were made up by production brigades and production teams.Production teams were the smallest unit which build up the production brigades, and many production brigades build up the communes.


GREAT LEAP FORWARD

Men and women were lived separate in the communes. Children were took care by commune nurseries and studying in the commune schools. “One village,one stove. Everyone had to eat in the canteen.”----Yan’an. The communes had a huge impact on many families in China. The communes broke the tradition of families living together. Farmers were no longer worked in families, and at that time they were worked in production teams.


GREAT LEAP FORWARD

Women were also no longer taking care of the children. In Chinese tradition, women don’t need to work in the farm, and all they do is taking care of the children and do some house activities. During the time women also need to work in the farm and the children were took care by the commune schools.


GREAT LEAP FORWARD

During that time, the food price which the farmers sold to the government was fixed, and that price was much lower than the price in the market. This resulted the farmers were lacking will to product. The low productive of the farms in the communes had caused food shortages.


GREAT LEAP FORWARD In order to increase the productivity more chemical fertilizer were used, and the peasants were told to wipe out the “ four pests”, rats, sparrows, flies and mosquitoes. People during that time killed too much sparrows which resulted the number of flies and mosquitoes had multiplied. In an agriculture commune each family earned about US 700 a year.


GREAT LEAP FORWARD

In the Great Leap Forward also include making the steel. Mao ordered 90 million people to build furnaces and started to produce iron. The aim of making the steel is to double the iron that produced in a year. He believed the increased of the iron will allow China to have industrial developed and start the heavy machinery.


GREAT LEAP FORWARD

People were ordered to hand every iron things, like tools, cooking pots, iron bedsprings, and almost every iron made things where put into the furnaces. Millions of furnaces had built in that time and the nation’s coal had went into furnaces, and that resulted the trains were without fuel.


GREAT LEAP FORWARD

At last, all the metal created by the furnaces was all full of impurities and was useless at all. Too many people had worked on making the iron and that made the people who worked on the farm not enough. The over use of the land had decreased the amount of agriculture productivity. People killing sparrows had increase all kinds of insects and that made the agriculture worse.

Let’s hit the sparrow!


GREAT LEAP FORWARD

But Mao still believed the agriculture was quickly increased, because all the communes at that time were claimed that they had great success in agriculture. The communes said that was because if the commune haven’t meet their target, they will be punished. The Communism party had increased the taxes on people based on the incorrect information.


GREAT LEAP FORWARD

At that time the taxes were collected in grains, not money. People went into hunger. After traveling the country Mao had refused to see what was happening. On September 29,1958 he said to the reporter, “During this trip, I have witnessed the tremendous energy of the masses. On this foundation it is possible to accomplish any task whatsoever.”---(“The Masses Can Do Anything”)


GREAT LEAP FORWARD

Food in the countryside were transported to cities and many of them exported to other countries to exchange for industrial materials. Between 1959 to 1961, China had experienced a terrible starvation which is the worst in the world history. More than 46 million people had died from starvation.(wikipedia)


GREAT LEAP FORWARD


REFERENCES

Books:

1.Gay, Kathlyn. Mao Zedong's China. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century, 2008. Print. Dictatorship.

2.Malaspina, Ann. The Chinese Revolution and Mao Zedong. USA: Ann Malaspina, 2004. Print. Ser. 2.

3.Taiwanese test book “Chinese history” used for Grade 8.

Others:

1. Mao Zedong, “ The Masses Can Do Anything,” Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, Vol. VIII, as view on The Maoist Documantation Project, <http://www.maoism.org/msw/vol8/mswv8_16.htm>

2. "Great Leap Forward." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc., 25


http://www.maoism.org/msw/vol8/mswv8_16.htm




life in mao's china part 1

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