life is cellular a cluster of neural cells were derived from human embryonic stem cells in the lab....
DESCRIPTION
Cork Cells / Microscopic Animals Cork Cells at 100X Magnification / Plankton have limited powers of locomotionTRANSCRIPT
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Life is Cellular
A cluster of neural cells were derived from human embryonic stem cells in the lab. The motor neurons are shown in red; neural fibers appear green and the blue
specks indicate DNA in cell nuclei.
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Microscopes
• Mid 1600s• 1665 Robert Hooke • 1st Compound Microscope• After looking at Cork • Saw chambers called Cells• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek• Pond water (animalcules)
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Cork Cells / Microscopic Animals
• Cork Cells at 100X Magnification / Plankton have limited powers of locomotion
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Scanning Electron Microscope
• SEM is a type of electron microscope that images the samples surface by scanning it with a high-energy beam of electrons.
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Transmission Electron Microscope
• TEM uses a beam of highly energetic electrons to examine objects very closely, on a fine scale. A TEM shines a beam of electrons through an object.
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Scanning Probe Microscope
• SPM is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen.
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Prokaryotes
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Eukaryotes
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Eukaryotes
• Organelles/Cytoplasm/Cell Membrane• All cells are surrounded by a plasma
membrane, which is made of a double layer (a bilayer) of phospholipids. Within this membrane, is the cytoplasm which is composed of the fluid and organelles of the cell.
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Nucleus• Referred to as the "control center", is a
membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It contains most of the cell's genetic material.
• Nuclear envelope • Nuclear pores• Chromatin• Nucleolus• Found in:
– Plants– Animals
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Ribosomes
• Makes the expression of the genetic code from nucleic acid into protein, in a process called translation.
• Found in Bacteria, Plants and Animals
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Interconnected network of tubules within cells
• Smooth ER does not hold ribosomes.• Rough ER holds ribosomes. • Found in plant and animal cells.
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Golgi Apparatus
• A cell structure used for processing/storing the proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
• Some will end up as proteins embedded in the plasma membrane.
• Other proteins moving through the Golgi will end up in lysosomes.
• Found in plant and animal cells.
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Lysosomes• Organelles containing digestive enzymes.
They break down the food so it is easier to digest.
• Found in plant and animal cells,
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Vacuoles
• Isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell
• Containing waste products • Maintaining internal pressure or turgor
within the cell • Large size in plant cells.• Rarely found in animal cells.
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Mitochondria
• “Cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of the chemical energy.
• Found in plants and animals.
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Respiration
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Chloroplast
• Captures light energy in plants and produces ATP and reduce NADP to NADPH through a complex set of processes called photosynthesis.
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Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy > C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Cytoskeleton
• Structure that maintains cell shape, protects the cell, enables cellular motion using structures such as flagella and cilia.
• Found in plants and animals.