life on earth depends on three interconnected factors: the one-way flow of high quality energy sun...
TRANSCRIPT
Life on Earth depends on three interconnected factors:
The one-way flow of high quality energy sun living things (feeding interactions) environment (low quality energy) back into space as (infrared radiation - heat).
Cycling of matter or nutrients through parts of the biosphere.
Gravity which allows the planet to hold on to its atmosphere and causes the downward movement of chemical in the matter cycles.
Vocabulary to begin..Abiotic – non-living
Biotic – living
More Vocabulary…Levels of biological
organization to know:OrganismPopulationCommunityEcosystemBiosphere
Earth’s Four RealmsHydrosphere – Earth’s supply of water liquid and frozen, fresh and salty
Atmosphere – gaseous envelope surrounding the earth
Lithosphere – soil and rock of Earth’s crust
Biosphere – all living organisms
Let’s Practice What is the word for…
A group of individuals of the same species that occupy a common area.
The unique environment that organisms are best adapted to energy resources.
One individual living thing.Where an organism lives.A group of organisms that are able
to produce fertile offspring.
Let’s PracticeWhat is the word for…
A physically distinct, self-supporting unit of interacting organisms and their environment.
Means living.A group of interacting populations of
different speciesMeans non-living.
Energy Quality is..The measure of an energy
sources’ ability to do useful workEntropy: a measure of disorder or randomness of a system
Types of Energy QualityHigh quality: organized or
concentrated and can perform much useful work.
Examples… electricity nuclear energy solar
energy
Types of Energy QualityLow quality: disorganized or dispersed and has little ability to do useful work.
Example… heat in the ocean
Closed vs. Open SystemThe earth is an open system for
energy. We receive energy from the sun and heat energy is released back into the universe. We exchange energy with our surroundings.
The earth is a closed system for matter. Matter is never created or destroyed. All matter that is here has always been here.
Are you breathing the same oxygen atoms the dinosaurs breathed???
Two Laws of Energy1st Law of Thermodynamics – Energy is
neither created or destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics – Whenever energy is converted from one form to another, some usable energy (energy available to do work) is degraded into heat (a less usable form that disperses into the environment.)
*** Because of this, the amount of usable energy available to do work decreases over time.
Example…When a car is driven, only about
20% of the high-quality energy available in its gasoline fuel is converted into mechanical energy (to propel the vehicle) and electrical energy (to run its electrical systems). The remaining 80% is degraded to low-quality heat that is released into the environment and eventually lost into space.
Example…When electrical energy flows
through filament wires in an incandescent light bulb, it is changed into about 5% useful light and 95% low-quality heat that flows into the environment. In other words, this so called light bulb is really a heat bulb.
Energy EfficiencyA measure of how much useful work is accomplished by a particular input of energy into a system.
ENERGY CAN NEVER BE RECYCLED OR REUSED. IT IS ALWAYS TRANSFORMED FROM HIGH QUALITY TO LOW QUALITY ENERGY
What Does This Have to Do With Food Chains and Food Webs?
Food Chain One way flow of energy
Food WebEnergy flows between many food chains
Vocabulary to know.. Photosynthesis - Cellular respiration
Chemosynthesis - Hydrothermal vents
What Does This Have to Do With Food Chains and Food Webs?
A large percentage of the energy is lost between trophic levels.This is as a result of the following:
Some of the organism cannot be eaten, e.g. bones, fur, etc.
Once eaten, some of the organism cannot be digested.
Energy is lost in excretory materials, such as urine.
Energy is lost in the form of heat from respiration and body heat.
Let’s Practice…Give an example of entropy.Energy quality is a measure of an
energy sources’ ability to do useful work. What is the difference in high quality energy and low quality energy? Give an example.
What are three interconnected factors that life on Earth depends?
Let’s PracticeState the 1st and 2nd Laws of Energy
(thermodynamics).Someone wants you to invest money
in an automobile engine that will produce more energy than the energy in the fuel (such as gasoline or electricity) you use to run the motor. What is your response? Explain.
Let’s Practice…Use the 2nd energy law to explain why a barrel of oil can be used as a fuel only once?
Why do you continuously need to eat food?