Life-ThreateningEmergencies

Journal (without your notes)

1.What are universal precautions? Give one example. (Hint: Think about the song that was playing when you walked in today…)

2.What are the three emergency action steps?

In a life-threatening emergency, a person may have only minutes to live unless the right treatment is provided.

If you can provide appropriate first aid in such a situation, you may save a life.

For all life-threatening emergencies, try to stay calm, and call for help.

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The ABC’s of First Aid

Airway: Look inside the victim’s mouth. If you see anything blocking the airway, remove it. Lay the person flat on a firm surface. Gently tilt the head back with one hand and lift the chin with the other. If you suspect head or neck injuries, do not move the victim’s head. Open the airway by lifting the jaw instead.

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Breathing: Look, Listen, and Feel to find out if the victim is breathing. Look for chest movement. Listen at the victim’s mouth for breathing sounds. Feel for exhaled air on your cheek.

Circulation: Circulation is checked by placing the index and middle finger on the victim’s carotid artery. The carotid artery is the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the brain. You can find the carotid pulse by finding the groove in the victim’s neck and applying pressure.

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**2011 Change

ABCs changed to CAB

Begin with Chest Compressions then check Airway and Breathing

Emergency Action Steps1. Check the scene and the victim.2. Call 911 or local emergency number.3. Care for the victim.

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Give the following information to the emergency medical service:1. Exact location.2. Your number.3. Your name.4. What happened.5. Number and condition of victims.6. What care is being given.

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Checking an Unconscious Victim*Is the victim:1. Conscious2. Breathing.3. Have a pulse.4. Bleeding severely.

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Choking

A choking person needs immediate help.

A choking person usually has an expression of fear and may clutch his or her throat- the universal sign for choking.

Abdominal thrusts can help an adult or older child who is choking.

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Abdominal Thrusts: Conscious Adult*If a person is coughing forcefully, encourage them to keep coughing.*If the victim can no longer cough, speak, cry, breath (gasping), abdominal thrusts must be given.Heimlech =5 abdominal thrusts5 back blows

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Abdominal thrusts 1. Ask victim: “Are you choking?” If the victim

nods yes, help is needed.2. Stand behind victim.3.Hand position:

-Find the belly button. -Make a fist with your other hand and

place the thumb side of your fist against the middle of the victim’s abdomen just above the belly button.

-Give quick upward thrusts. -If victim becomes unconscious, you

must perform chest compressions.

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Chest Compressions: Unconscious Adult*If you breathe for a victim and your breaths do not go in (the chest does not rise), follow these steps:

1. Retilt the head.2. Give rescue breath.3. If the air still won’t go in assume the airway is

blocked.4. Locate your hand position in the center of the

chest. Place heel of first hand on chest, place other hand on top, fingertips up.

5. Lean forward to position shoulders over hands keeping your arms straight.

6.Compress chest 30 times.*Compress breast bone about 1 1/2 to 2 inches.

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7. When you complete 30 compressions move to victim’s head.

8. Check mouth for object.9. If you see something, sweep it out.10. Give 2 breaths.11. If breaths go in, continue doing 30

compressions and 2 breaths until an AED arrives, victim begins to move, or emergency responders take over.

12. If breaths still don’t go in, repeat steps 4-10.

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CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)- Adult*If you check the victim and find there is no breathing and no pulse begin CPR:

1. Kneel at victim’s side and find hand position. Place heel of first hand on chest, place other hand on top, fingertips up.2. Lean forward to position shoulders over hands keeping your arms straight.3. Compress chest 30 times. Compress breast bone 1 ½ to 2 inches.

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4. When you complete 30 compressions move to victim’s head.

5.Tilt head, chin lift and give 2 breaths (1 sec. each).6. Do compressions at a rate of 100 per

minute.7. Once you start doing CPR continue until:

-Another person takes over.-An AED arrives.-Victim moves.-You are too exhausted to continue.-Emergency help arrives and takes over.

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