Life

Warm Up

1. Herba= ____________2. Bi = _____________3. __________ = disease, inflammation4. ___________ = origin, beginning5. What is your hypothesis for the celery lab?6. What is the independent variable for the celery

lab?7. What is the dependent variable for the celery lab?8. What are some constants for the celery lab?

ALL LIVING THINGS:

1. are made of cells.

2. are based on a universal genetic code (DNA)

3. obtain and use energy.

4. grow and develop.

5. reproduce.

6. respond to their environment.

7. adapt to their environment.

Organic vs. Inorganic All living things contain carbon

• Organic: contains carbon (C), produced or taken from something living– Humans– Plants– Insects

• Inorganic: not from living, made from rocks and minerals. One exception-Carbon Dioxide (CO2)– Water -Stone– Minerals -Metal

Organic Molecules

Organic Molecules

• In order for life to be sustained we must rely on biochemical processes.

• These processes involve organic molecules– Carbohydrates– Proteins– Lipids– Nucleic acids(Organic molecules can be made up of large repeating

units [polymer] or one single unit [monomer])

Polymer MonomerMany One

Long train of repeating units

(X-X-X-X)

One unit(X)

Larger Smaller

Warm Up

1. ___________ = head2. Ecto/exo= ______________3. Define independent variable4. Define dependent variable5. What is the purpose of a control group?6. Tell which molecules are organic: H2O, C2H6O, K,

CO2, CH4

7. Explain the difference between a polymer and a monomer.

Carbohydrates• saccharide = [S]-[U]-[G]-[A]-[R] Monomer-(Subunit)

Monosaccharide

Polymer- Polysaccharide

Made of - carbon(C), hydrogen(H), oxygen(O)

Uses/Function – Quick, short-term energy

Ex- Monosaccharide: GlucosePolysaccharide: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

Foods - Breads, pastas, fruits, etc

Monomer-

Polymer-

Fatty Acid

DON’T NEED TO KNOWMade of - Mostly Hydrogen and Carbon with very little

Oxygen

Uses/Function – Insulation, Buoyancy, Long term energy storage

Ex - Triglycerides; Phospholipids; Cholesterol

Foods - mayonnaise, butter, greasy & oil foods

Lipids

Other notes: Lipids Think: Fats & Oils

•Hydrophobic = ______________• Meaning: will not dissolve in water

RECALL ROOTS:•Hydro = ____________•Phobic = ____________

Other notes: Lipids Found in our bodies : • Cell membrane: made up of phospholipids • Structure of a phospholipid can give us an indication of

its function

HYDROPHILIC HEAD = _________________

HYDROPHOBIC TAIL = _________________

Nucleic Acids Monomer: NucleotidePolymer: DNA & RNA

Uses/Function: Contains Genetic Information

Made of: A sugar (contains C, H, and O), a phosphate, and a nitrogen base

Examples: DNA & RNA

Nucleic Acids

ProteinsMonomer: Amino Acids

Polymer: Polypeptides (Polypeptides fold into proteins)

Bonding = Peptide Bond (A covalent bond between amino acids)

A.A. A.A. A.A. A.A. A. A.

Name: Proteins

Uses/Function: Repair, Transport, Cell structure/integrity

Made of: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N)

Examples: Enzymes, Insulin, Hemoglobin

Foods: Eggs, Meats, Beans, Nuts

Food Testing for Organic Compounds

• Iodine (Lugol’s): test for starches (Polysaccharides)– Positive test: will see a color change

• Biuret’s: test for proteins– Positive test: will see a color change

• Benedict’s: test for sugar (Mostly monosaccharides)– Positive test: will see a color change

• Brown Bag: test for lipids– Positive test: will see a translucent appearance on bag

Warm Up

1. What is the polymer for carbohydrates?2. What is the only organic compound that

contains Phosphate?3. What types of foods contain lipids?4. Give an example of a protein.5. How can you test to see if a food contains

starch?6. How can you test to see if a food contains

protein?