Lifespan DevelopmentLifespan Development

Physical and Cognitive Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Development in Early

AdulthoodAdulthood20 - 4020 - 40

Chapter 13Chapter 13

Physical FunctioningPhysical FunctioningPrimary AgingPrimary AgingSecondary AgingSecondary Aging

Physical FunctioningPhysical Functioning

Primary AgingPrimary AgingSecondary AgingSecondary AgingBrain DevelopmentBrain Development

LimbicLimbicSex DifferencesSex Differences

White Matter –Myelin - MenWhite Matter –Myelin - MenGrey Matter – Cell bodies/ Axon Grey Matter – Cell bodies/ Axon

terminalsterminals

Peak in Physical FunctioningPeak in Physical Functioning

Health & WellnessHealth & WellnessSTDsSTDs 19 Million STDs are one of the most critical health challenges facing the nation today. CDC estimates

that there are 19 million new infections every year in the United States. $17 Billion STDs cost the U.S. health care system $17 billion every year—and cost individuals even more in

immediate and life-long health consequences

Rates of loss vary due to …Rates of loss vary due to …Health HabitsHealth HabitsSocial SupportSocial SupportSense of Personal ControlSense of Personal Control

Abuse – Global Health ProblemAbuse – Global Health ProblemCauses?Causes?Types – “Violence is Violence”Types – “Violence is Violence”

Sexual ViolenceSexual ViolenceCausesCauses

Rates of Mental IllnessesRates of Mental Illnesses

Higher Incidence than in Middle Higher Incidence than in Middle Adulthood – Why?Adulthood – Why?

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia, a term introduced by , a term introduced by Bleuler, , names a persistent, often chronic and usually names a persistent, often chronic and usually serious serious mental disorder affecting a variety of affecting a variety of aspects of behavior, thinking, and emotion. aspects of behavior, thinking, and emotion. Patients with Patients with delusions or or hallucinations may be may be described as described as psychotic. Thinking may be . Thinking may be disconnected and illogical. Peculiar behaviors disconnected and illogical. Peculiar behaviors may be associated with social withdrawal and may be associated with social withdrawal and disinterest.disinterest.

Diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia Diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia ((cautionary statement))

A. A. Characteristic Characteristic symptoms:: Two (or more) of the Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated): (1) successfully treated): (1) delusions (2) (2) hallucinations (3) disorganized speech (e.g., (3) disorganized speech (e.g., frequent frequent derailment or incoherence) (4) grossly or incoherence) (4) grossly disorganized or disorganized or catatonic behavior(5) behavior(5) negative symptoms, i.e., , i.e., affective flattening, , alogia, or , or avolition  

Rates of Mental IllnessesRates of Mental Illnesses

Higher Incidence than in Middle Higher Incidence than in Middle Adulthood – Why?Adulthood – Why?

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia

Personality DisordersPersonality Disorders

Diagnostic criteria for 301.0 Paranoid Personality Diagnostic criteria for 301.0 Paranoid Personality Disorder  Disorder  (cautionary statement)  (cautionary statement)  

A. A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that A. A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following: four (or more) of the following: 

(1) suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, (1) suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him or her harming, or deceiving him or her (2) is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or (2) is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates trustworthiness of friends or associates (3) is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear (3) is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against him or her that the information will be used maliciously against him or her (4) reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into (4) reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events benign remarks or events (5) persistently bears grudges, i.e., is unforgiving of insults, (5) persistently bears grudges, i.e., is unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights injuries, or slights (6) perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that (6) perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily or to are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack counterattack (7) has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding (7) has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner fidelity of spouse or sexual partner 

B. Does not occur exclusively during the course of Schizophrenia, B. Does not occur exclusively during the course of Schizophrenia, a Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features, or another Psychotic a Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features, or another Psychotic Disorder and is not due to the direct physiological effects of a Disorder and is not due to the direct physiological effects of a general medical condition. general medical condition. Note: Note: If criteria are met prior to the onset of Schizophrenia, add If criteria are met prior to the onset of Schizophrenia, add "Premorbid," e.g., "Paranoid Personality Disorder (Premorbid).""Premorbid," e.g., "Paranoid Personality Disorder (Premorbid)."

Diagnostic criteria for 301.81 Narcissistic Personality Diagnostic criteria for 301.81 Narcissistic Personality DisorderDisorder(cautionary statement)  (cautionary statement)  

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: by five (or more) of the following: 

(1) has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., (1) has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate recognized as superior without commensurate achievements) achievements) 

(2) is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, (2) is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love brilliance, beauty, or ideal love 

(3) believes that he or she is "special" and unique and can (3) believes that he or she is "special" and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions) or high-status people (or institutions) 

(4) requires excessive admiration (4) requires excessive admiration  (5) has a sense of entitlement, i.e., unreasonable (5) has a sense of entitlement, i.e., unreasonable

expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations compliance with his or her expectations 

(6) is interpersonally exploitative, i.e., takes advantage of (6) is interpersonally exploitative, i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends others to achieve his or her own ends 

(7) lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with (7) lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others the feelings and needs of others 

(8) is often envious of others or believes that others are (8) is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her envious of him or her 

(9) shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes(9) shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes

Cognitive ChangesCognitive Changes

Beyond Piaget?Beyond Piaget?Dialectic ThoughtDialectic Thought

Types of IntelligenceTypes of IntelligenceCrystallizedCrystallizedFluidFluid

MemoryMemoryProcessingProcessing

Post Secondary EducationPost Secondary Education

BenefitsBenefits

Traditional v. Non-traditionalTraditional v. Non-traditional

Students with DisabilitiesStudents with Disabilities

Gender DifferencesGender Differences

Lifespan Lifespan DevelopmentDevelopment

Social and Personality Social and Personality Development in Early Development in Early

AdulthoodAdulthood20 - 4020 - 40

Chapter 14Chapter 14

Personality DevelopmentPersonality Development

Erikson – Erikson –

Intimacy v. IsolationIntimacy v. IsolationSocial Role TheorySocial Role TheoryEvolutionary TheoryEvolutionary TheoryDuplication of Duplication of RelationshipsRelationships

Intimate RelationshipsIntimate Relationships

2 Primary Factors Considered2 Primary Factors ConsideredAttachmentAttachmentLoveLove

Sternberg’s model of LoveSternberg’s model of LoveIntimacyIntimacyPassionPassionCommitmentCommitment

Combine to form 7 types of love

MarriageMarriage

Quality of Relationships Quality of Relationships __________________________ What would you suggest to reverse or What would you suggest to reverse or

halt this tendency?halt this tendency? _______ oriented activities v. leisure _______ oriented activities v. leisure

activitiesactivitiesHappiness and Health Scales for Happiness and Health Scales for

married v. singlemarried v. singleDivorced young adults Divorced young adults

experience more loneliness and experience more loneliness and depression. Why?depression. Why?

MarriagesMarriages

Successful TypesSuccessful TypesValidatingValidatingVolatileVolatileAvoidantAvoidant

Unsuccessful TypesUnsuccessful TypesHostile EngagedHostile EngagedHostile DetachedHostile DetachedDivorceDivorce

Economic EffectsEconomic EffectsSocial SupportSocial Support

ParenthoodParenthood

Historically adults wanted to Historically adults wanted to be parents – Why?be parents – Why?

Can lead to relationship Can lead to relationship dissatisfaction - ?dissatisfaction - ?

Positive FactorsPositive Factors

Work/VocationWork/Vocation

Contributors to choice of professionContributors to choice of professionJob Satisfaction rises steadily due to:Job Satisfaction rises steadily due to:

IdentificationIdentification Greater chances for promotionGreater chances for promotion Increased earningsIncreased earnings

2 stages in the work role2 stages in the work roleTrialTrialEstablishmentEstablishment

Work & division of labor in the home.Work & division of labor in the home.