lifestyle diseases. 1. lifestyle diseases diseases caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly...
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2. Controllable Risk Factors
• Factors include habits, behaviors, and practices one can change.– Diet– Body weight– Physical activity– Sun exposure– Smoking– Alcohol consumption
3. Uncontrollable risk factors
• Risk factors that cannot be changed or controlled– Age
– Gender
– Ethnicity
– Heredity
4. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
• Diseases and disorders that result from progressive damage to the heart and blood vessels.
• Leading cause of death in the United States
5. Risk Factors for CVD’s
• Smoking
• Being overweight
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
6. High Blood Pressure (hypertension)
• Increased force exerted against walls of arteries which puts extra strain on the heart.
• “Silent Killer”; people don’t realize they have it until they have a heart attack.
• Hypertension can eventually damage the kidneys and eyes.
7. Atherosclerosis
• Disease characterized by the buildup of fatty materials on the walls of the arteries.
8. Heart attack
• The damage and loss of function of an area of the heart muscle.
• Caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.
9. Stroke
• The damage and loss of function of an area of the brain.
• Caused by loss of blood flow to the brain.– Blood clot– Burst vessel
11. Treatment of CVD’s
• Diet and exercise
• Medications
• Surgery
• Angioplasty
• Pacemakers
• Transplants
12. Preventing CVD’s
• Lower fat and salt intake
• Keep weight near recommended levels
• Don’t smoke
• Exercise regularly
• Monitor blood pressure
• Relax!
14. Tumors
• Masses of abnormal cells.
• Malignant Tumor – mass of cells that invades and destroys healthy
tissue.
• Benign Tumor – non-cancerous mass of cells that develops in the body.
15. Causes of Cancer
• Genetics
• Carcinogens – cancer causing agents– Certain viruses – HPV (cervical cancer)– Radioactivity and ultraviolet radiation.– Chemicals found in tobacco smoke.– Asbestos– Toxic chemicals.
17. Warning signs of Cancer
Change in bowel or bladder habits.
A sore that doesn’t heal.
Unusual bleeding or discharge.
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere.
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing.
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness.
18. Treating Cancer
• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
Usually, a combination of the above mentioned treatments are used.
19. Preventing Cancer
• Don’t smoke
• Protect your skin
• Eat more vegetables and decrease fat
• Stay active and maintain a healthy weight
• Get regular medical check-ups.
20. Diabetes
• The body’s inability to produce sufficient amounts of insulin resulting in an inability to metabolize glucose.
21. Insulin
• A hormone produced in the pancreas that causes cells to remove glucose from the bloodstream.
22. Diabetic coma
• Loss of consciousness due to a high concentration of blood sugar in the bloodstream.
23. Insulin Shock
• Disorder caused by high concentration of insulin and a low concentration of blood sugar.
24. Types of diabetes
• Type 1 Diabetes– Insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes.– Body doesn’t make insulin
• Type 2 Diabetes– Non-insulin dependent diabetes.– Commonly occurs in people over 40 and people
who are obese.
• Gestational Diabetes– Diabetes that occurs during pregnancy.
25. Treating Diabetes
• Type 1: monitoring of blood-sugar levels and insulin injections
• Type 2: diet and exercise. Weight control.
• Gestational: diet and exercise.