1. Sustainable Development Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

2. Most Sustainable Cities in the World: Vancouver, Canada San Francisco, U.S. Oslo, Norway Curitiba, Brazil Copenhagen, Denmark Common examples of sustainable practices: renewable energy resources energy efficiency public transport accessible resources & services carbon footprint emissions 3. Portugals second-largest city Population: 300,000 inhabitants 2,500,000 inhabitants in Greater Porto On the Atlantic coast by the Douro river UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996 Historic home of the famous Port Wine Semi-Mediterranean climate (5C - 27C) GDP amounting to $41.6 billion Infrastructures: Motorways, Railways, Airport & Harbor Public Transports: Subway, Buses & Trams University of Porto 31,000 students 12th best Health Care System (World) Best European Destination in 2014 European Capital of Culture in 2001 4. Renewable Energy Renewable energy is used instead of non-renewable energy! Universities and hospitals are powered by solar panels. Beach restaurants are powered by wind turbines. 5. Energy Efficiency New buildings are energy efficient thus saving electricity. Green Roofs reduce pollution, temperature, and rainfall-runoff. 6. Public Transport Buses and tubes are efficient, safe, reliable, and a viable alternative to cars. Bus Fleet runs on Natural Gas which burns cleaner than oil. Electric Taxis reduce petrol use and carbon footprint. 7. Resources & Services Recycling Station People is encouraged to reduce/recycle waste. Natural Pool Water is seen as a resource and is recycled and reused. 8. Green Spaces City Park Areas of open space are safe, accessible, enjoyable. Soup Kitchen Communities work together to deal with social issues. Community Links 9. S o c i a l Social Awareness, Environmental Impact, and Economic Value Sustainable development is achieved by promoting economic and social well-being while protecting the environment. To protect the environment one needs to lower the carbon footprint by reducing the use of primary energy. 10. Energy Consumption: Buildings (58%) Transports (33%) Used in Buildings: Heating Electricity (86%) Used in Transports: Private Vehicles (55%) 11. How to make Buildings more sustainable: Convert from Heating Oil to Natural Gas Construct new homes and offices using Biomaterials and Recycled resources energy-saving policies; free loft insulation; eco-grants to businesses Implement Wireless Sensor Networks to monitor precious resources temperature, pollution, radiation, water leaks, garbage, traffic Enact a compulsory Green Roofs policy 12. How to make Transport more sustainable: Discourage private transport applying a congestion charge in city center Invest in public transport improving bus lanes; subsidizing public transport; switching to alternative fuels Encourage the use of bicycle investing in cycle lanes; promoting bike sharing programs; supporting living streets and traffic roadblocks Promote car sharing schemes 13. Other ways to improve sustainability: Shift to Renewable Energy Incentives to invest in Green Energy sources (e.g., geothermal energy) Convert to Electric Vehicles public charging stations; EV sharing fleet; free parking and toll immunity Reduce and Recycle Waste ban plastic bags, exchange trash for cash, produce biomass from waste Start Urban Farming Initiatives grow food locally; support farmers markets; use crop rotation Buy water conservation fixtures water-efficient showers, toilets, dishwashers and laundry systems