light refraction, dispersion and image formation via lenses & worksheet m.c. kejriwal vidyapeeth...
TRANSCRIPT
LIGHTRefraction, Dispersion and Image formation via lenses &
Worksheet
M.C. KEJRIWAL VIDYAPEETHDEPT. OF PHYSICS
Refraction
The phenomena due to which a ray of light deviates from its path, at the surface of separation of two media, when the ray of light is travelling from one optical medium to another, is called refraction of light.
Laws of Refraction (Snell’s Law)• The incident ray, refracted ray and normal at the point of
incidence lie on the same plane
• The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant for a pair of given media. This constant is called the Refractive Index of the second medium, with respect to the first. It’s represented by 1µ2 or 1n2
Dispersion
The phenomenon due to which white light splits into seven colours after passing through an equilateral prism, is called dispersion.
Note: If an equilateral prism is placed in an inverted manner adjacent to the above prism, it can recombine the colours to form white light.
LensesLe
nses
ConvexPlano Convex
Bi ConvexConcavo Convex
ConcavePlano Concave
Bi concaveConvexo Concave
Major Terms related to a lens
Centre of Curvature
Principal Axis
Optical Centre
Principal Focus
Focal Length Aperture
Real v/s Virtual ImageReal images are formed by actual intersection of light raysThey are always inverted
Virtual images are formed when rays of light appear to meetThey are always erect
Step-wise guide for construction of ray diagrams for Convex lens
• Construct a straight horizontal line as the principal axis of the lens
• At the midpoint of the line mark the optical centre of the lens as the point ‘O’
O
• From optical centre with the focal length, mark the principal focus on the principal axis, on either side of ‘O’
F O F
• Mark the centre of curvature at a distance of 2xfocal length from the optical centre on either side and mark them as 2F
2F F O F 2F
• From optical centre construct a perpendicular dotted line which will serve as the axis of the lens and draw the lens
2F F F 2FO
• Construct the object and draw a ray from top of the object and make it pass through the point O and extend it further
2F F F 2FO
• Construct another ray parallel to the principal axis, after reaching the lens, bend the ray and make it pass through the focus. The place where the two rays meet, construct the image
2F F F 2F
O
Step-wise guide for construction of ray diagrams for Concave lens
• Construct a straight horizontal line as the principal axis of the lens
• At the midpoint of the line mark the optical centre of the lens as the point ‘O’
O
• From optical centre with the focal length, mark the principal focus on the principal axis, on either side of ‘O’
F O F
• Mark the centre of curvature at a distance of 2xfocal length from the optical centre on either side and mark them as 2F
2F F O F 2F
• From optical centre, construct a perpendicular dotted line which will serve as the axis of the lens and draw the lens
2F F F 2FO
• Construct the object and draw on ray from top of the object and make it pass through the point O and extend it further
F
2F F 2FO
• Draw dotted lines from the focus to the meeting point of the surface of the lens and extend it further in bold line
• At the point of intersection of the two rays, draw the image in dotted lines
F
2F F 2F
O
Quick Notes• Ray of light passing through optical centre always go undeviated
• Ray of light parallel to principal axis, meets at the focus after passing through a convex lens
• Ray of light parallel to principal axis, diverges out of the focus after passing through a concave lens
• Concave lens always forms a virtual image
• Virtual rays and images are always to be constructed in dotted lines.
Lens, image & characteristicsLens Object Image Charecteristics
Convex
At Infinity At F Real. Diminished to a point, Inverted
Beyond 2F Between F & 2F Real, Diminished, Inverted
At 2F At 2F Real, Same size as object, Inverted
Between F and 2F Beyond 2F Real, Magnified, Inverted
At F At Infinity Real, Magnified, Inverted
Between O and F On same side of object
Virtual, Magnified, Erect
ConcaveAt infinity Focus on same
side of objectVirtual, diminished to a point, Erect
Anywhere between O and infinity
On same side of object between F and O
Virtual, diminished, Erect
Instructions• The worksheet consists of seven questions in the next two
slides• The worksheet is to be solved in the Physics exercise books• Students may take print outs of the questions given in the
following slides and paste in the copy• Otherwise the student may copy the questions in the exercise
book and then solve the worksheet• The last date for submission of the worksheet is 4th May, 2015
Worksheet1. Under what conditions light ray will not change its direction when it
passes from one optical medium to another optical medium?
2. A ray of light passes from medium A to medium B. The angle of incidence is 35o and angle of refraction is 20o. Which medium is denser, A or B?
3. Why refractive index of any medium is always greater than one?
4. Draw ray diagram for the image formation by a convex lens when the object beyond 2F but not at infinity.