Lighting and Wiring Services

Vocabulary

1. Fusible link 11. open circuit

2. Primary wire 12. short circuit

3. Secondary wire 13. short to ground.

4. Cable

5. AWG

6. Filament

7. Type 1 headlamp

8. Halogen headlamp

9. Bulb trade #

10. Signal flasher

•

Electric Symbols Are used on a schematic to describe an

electrical Circuit .

•

Know these Elec symbols:

• Battery Transistor

• Switch Relay

• Fuse Resistor

• Light bulb coil

• Ground Motor

• Connecter

• Diode

Electric Symbols :

Electrical Symbols

Schematic – Road map of an electrical circuit using electrical

symbols.

Power window schematic

Wires have color codes & circuit numbers

American Wire Gauge

•AWG    OHMS PER        WIRE    Wire Dia. Amps SIZE       1000 FT.      DIAMETER  in MM 10’

• 2              .1563          .257 10 200 8              .6281          .128 8.3 2310             .9987          .101 5.0 1412           1.588            .080 3.0 9.314           2.524            .064 2.5 5.7 16           4.018            .050 1.5 3.618           6.386            .032 .75 2.3

Fuses

• Fuses act as a current limiter.

• They protect a circuit from to much amperage.

• Each fuse has a specific Amperage rating that the conductor will melt at.

European & older Domestic glass fuses

Modern - macro, mini & micro fuses

Fuses

• Always check suspect fuses with an ohm meter or test light.

• Checking by “eye” is not sufficient.

Fuseable links

A fuse puller is helpful when removing fuses.

Circuit Breakers & flashers use Bi Metallic strips

Heat affects Bi metal strip and opens or closes switch.

SolderlessTerminals

• Repairing wiring ends• Color coded with

different size crimping tabs from 22 Gauge to 10 Gauge.

• Yellow = 10 – 12G• Blue = 14 – 16G• Red = 18 – 22G

Crimping Tool

• Special tool that can be used to strip wire & crimp terminals.

• When wire end is poorly crimped it can create excessive resistance and lead to early failure of the circuit.

Crimping

• Crimping an open type connector end.

Soldering

• A wire terminal can be soldered to the wire to make a professional connection.

Tinning a Wire

• After the wire is stripped, tin a wire by heating it and applying solder before attempting to solder the terminal to it.

• Solder is 60% lead & 40% tin.

Joining Two Wires (splicing)

Manufacture approved wire splice & solder

Correct – finished wire splice.

Heat shrink tube

• Heat shrink tubing is used to insulate the finished solder joint.

• Make sure to put tube over wire before you solder.

• Sharp points in solder joint should be avoided.

Adjusting head lights

• Head lights can be adjusted with 2 adjusting screws at head light mounts.

• Head Light aiming equipment is preferred, but aiming can be done manually against a garage door using a tape measure.

Halogen Bulbs

• Many modern cars use Halogen head light bulbs

• Never touch the bulb with your fingers or hands during installation.

• Bulb holder turns ¼ of turn to lock.

Brake, tail & marker lights

• Brake , tail, & marker lights can be tested & changed.

• Most bulbs have a socket that holds the bulb & indexes with the light body.

• Sockets are a common source of poor connections.

Dual filament bulb

Testing a light bulb

• Use an Ohm meter to test light bulbs.

• An open in the tiny light filament will be very hard to see.

• The # on the bulb socket will be needed when trying buy a new bulb.

A 12 volt – non powered test light is a really helpful tool when doing wiring or lighting work on

your car.

Good luck on you Test!