PRODUCTION TRAINING 8TH

WRAP UPBy

Shahzad Ali Raki

TV LIGHTING

What is Light

Light is a form of energy ,that associated with molecular motion

1. Light Travel in straight rays

2. Light Travel in Packets (photon)

What is Light?Light = different wavelengths of energy.

Red has the longest wavelength and blue has the shortest.

Light Theory• White light is a mixture of full; red, green

& blue wavelengths. • RGB can make all colours in the visible

spectrum. Mixing of primary colours= makes secondary colours:

Cyan, Magenta & Yellow

How We See Light – The Eye

A Journey Through the Human Eye_ How We See.mp4

Importance of Light

• Without light it is virtually impossible to make television images.

• Lighting=technical and aesthetic function

• Proper light creates excellent pictures

Objectives of TV Lighting

To fulfill the technical requirement i.e.

Sufficient level of illumination for the camera’s

3-D Prospective

The TV screen is two dimensional.

Set design

Proper use of light to emphasize texture, shape and form

To thru attention to key object in a scene

The use of light and shadow can reveal and conceal important elements in the scene, The director uses light to guide the

viewer’s attention within a scene.

To establish the mood of a scene

• Lighting makes a sense of emotional to viewer

• To fix the time of the action• It conveys feeling about time

i.e morning, evening, night & season.

Amount of light• The amount of lighting a shot will determine how clearly we see the images

• The type of light affects the color

BRIGHTNESS

• The intensity or brightness of the light on a subject affects how well a camera can see it

• Too little= too dark and underexposed

• The image will be soft and underexposed

• Will create a grainy look (this is called picture noise)

• Bright light creates sharp and clear images

BASE LIGHT

• The existing light in an environment is called base light.

• If you turn the lights off in a room you lower the base light

• If you turn more light on then you raise the base light

• Base light is often all you will have to work with, but that doesn’t mean you can’t think about lighting

DIRECTION

• The direction of a light source affects the way light and shadow fall on a subject.

• Direction is determines by how you position both the subject and the lighting fixture.

• Light from the side produces dimension and texture where as light coming directly in front (from the angle of the camera) will reduce texture and shape.

QUALITY

• The quality of light refers to whether it is hard or soft .

• Hard light creates sharp and well defined dark shadows.

• It brings out the shapes and textures of the subject

• Hard light is created by sunlight and directional focused lighting fixtures

SOFT LIGHT

• Soft light is diffused and creates very few or no shadows (like a cloudy day)

COLOR

• Light also determines the color an object will be

• White light is an equal mixture of colors across the full spectrum of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet

• Our eyes compensate for these differences in color temperature

• Cameras don’t• The type of light affects the color of the object

Although light can be any color between ultraviolet and infrared, There are two colors we are concerned with: 5,600oK for daylight and 3,200oK for tungsten lamps.

Camcorders are programmed with these two values as their white balance presets.

Infrared

Ultraviolet

5600o K

3200o K

Color Temperature

COLOR TEMPERATURE

• The exact color and tone of light is called color temperature

• Color characteristics are classified on a KELVIN (K) color temperature scale.

• This scale measures the degree of red or blue in the light (not the heat or brightness)

• The higher the color temperature the more prominent the blue tones

Color Temperature For example, in the photo on the right,

both sources of light (sunlight on the right; a standard light bulb on the left)

Color Temperature.flv

Example of Color Temperature

Warm(2000-3000K

Mid-range(3000-4000K)

Cool(4000K +)

Video Production Lighting _ Color Temperatures in Video Lighting.mp4

Intensity Control Through Varying Distance

Light CoherenceCoherence, often most neglected of the three variables. 

In the photos above the objects are exactly the same.  Two of the variables of light are also exactly the same: intensity and color temperature. The only difference is the third variable: the coherence of the light. The first photo was shot with soft light, the second with a hard light source.

Hard Light

Primary Factor of Lighting

• texture, fill in harsh shadows and separate from background

• Not too large contrast light and dark• Create an even base light• Working knowledge of two type of instruments• Reasonable understanding of Understand 3 point

lighting to illuminate subject, give shape, add olor temperature

Foot Candles- Light’s Measurement• Amount of light collected in a

one foot radius of a standard candle.

• Using a light meter, you measure the objects.

• Example-Suit 15 ftc/Wall 700 ftc… 46:1 ratio

WHITE BALANCE

• Most cameras will white balance automatically but some will have the option to do this manually

• To do so you would select the color temperature for the dominant light source,; place a white object or card in that areas; point the camera at the white object completely filling the screen and perform the white balance function

Lighting for Television & Video

Design & Practice

Aesthetics

• Shadows• Falloff• Color• High Key / Low Key lighting• Patterns

Patterns

• Kukuloris (“Cookies”) or Gobos24” or 42” sq.

Shadow projected on background

Viera & Viera, p. 35.

Shadow• Indicates distance, time, mood.

Zettl, H. (2005). Sight, sound, motion: Applied media aesthetics, 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Thompson-Wadsworth, p23

Falloff

Facial textureFast falloff Slow Falloff

Zettl, H. (2005). Sight, sound, motion: Applied media aesthetics, 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Thompson-Wadsworth, p28

Soft & Hard Light

• Dramatically different shadows and moods

Background Lighting and Composition Bkgd. divided into B & W,

separates charactersBkgd. Light used to create composition; where does the light bkgd. lead you?

Photographs, Viera & Viera, p. 34

(The Third Man, Studio Canal Image, 1949)

(8 ½, Corinth Films Inc., 1963.)

Background Light• The same ¾ key, fill, background set up• Different intensity for different moods

Bkgd.

KeyFill

Photographs, Viera & Viera, p. 33

Cameo

• Black background, subjects sharply set off from bkgd. No fill, no bkgd light. Sometimes a kicker.

Zettl, p. 43

Chiaroscuro

Zettl, p. 41

Here, light seems to radiate from a single candle hidden behind theleft woman’s hand.

Three functions: Organic, Directional, and Spatial / Compositional.

Back Key- back light is dominant

• When light comes from behind.• Frontal fill

Viera & Viera, p. 25

Eyelight, cont.

• Without eyelight, eyes would be lost in shadow.

• Give a sense of “aliveness,” twinkle

Viera & Viera, p. 37, 81/2, Corinth Films, Inc. 1963

Eyelight: Do you see a difference?

No eyelight

Eyelight

High Key / Low Key

What kind of lighting is this?

a. Low Key

Thank you!