lignin applications
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LigninApplications
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Low eve so igninan mo i ie ignincan yie
Highperformanceconcretestrengthaid
ConcretegrindingaidReduce damageofbuildingexternalwallcausedby
moistureandacidrain
Setretarderforacementcom osition
Sulfonated lignincontributeshigheradsorptionpropertiesandzetapotentialtocementparticles,and
matrix.
Selectligninscanimprovethecompressivestrength
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L gn nactsas reera ca scavengers
Ligninprovidesthermalprotectionto:
Styrene/butadiene/rubberpolymer
u er
Polypropylene
polycaprolactam
Ligninsnaturalantioxidantproperties providesusein
cosmeticandtopicalformulations.
Ligninsulfonatecontainingcosmeticcompositions have
beendevelopedfordecorativeuseonskin
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rac ngcompos t on nvo v ngquaternaryammon um
salt,aliphaticamine,ligninamine,imidazoline,andamide.
Waterstabilityofanasphaltmixturecanbeimprovedby
a ng . gn n ers
AsphaltemulsifyingagentcontainingSWNaligninsaltwith
anav.mol.wt.of200100,000(Nalignosulfonate orNa
,
needleleafpine)hastheproperHLBvalue,slow
demulsification speed,properfrothingability,andstrong
.
Ligninamineadditivehasbeenshowntoprovideawarm
mixadditivethatcanmodifythecombinationstateofas halt and stone material surface modif in the fluidit
anddecreaseproductioncostoftheasphaltmixtures
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LigninApplications:CarbonFiber
andRelated
Nativeligninorindustriallignincanbeusedforcarbonfibers
Carbonnanotubes havebeenmadefromlignin/lignosulfonates.
gn n ase act vate car on ers ave eenprepare y
initialsynthesisofligninphenolformaldehyde(LPF)resinswith
variedlignincontents,820%,resp.,andthenthemeltspinning
.
Kraftligninhasbeenfoundtoundergostrongadsorptionon
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Li ninalon withadiisoc anate usedfor roductionof
fiberboards,strawboards,particleboards,orientedstrandboards,
woodfiberinsulationboards,etc.
Graftedligninorlignosulfonate component,andresin.Binderyields
lowcostcompositematerialswithhavingareasonablewetstrength
A
lignin
based
modifier
has
been
added
to
formaldehyde
based
bindersystemssuchasphenolformaldehyde(PF),urea
formaldehyde(UF),melamineformaldehyde(MF),resorcinol
formaldehyde(RF)and/ortanninformaldehyderesins.Thelignin
basedmodifiermayusedforpanelboardssuchasplywood,hard
board,mediumdensityfiberboardorparticleboards
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LigninApplicationsFoams
Plastics/PolymersLi ninbasedri id ol urethane
Excellentinflameretardance
Epoxyresincomprisesanepoxyresinandacuringagent,wherein
thecuringagentisaligninderivedacidanhydrideSfreeligninhasbeenusedforautomotivebrakesandepoxyresins
forprintedcircuitboards.
Polyphenylene oxidebasedpolymersand ligninestersblends
exhibit
modulus
of
elasticity,
tensile
strength,
and
elongation
at
breakvaluesthatarecomparableorgreaterthanthepolyphenylene
oxidebasedpolymeralone.Theblendsprovideproperties
comparabletothepolyphenylene oxidebasedpolymers,yetutilize
lesspolymer.
Lignincanactasawaterabsorptioninhibitorandasfluidization
agents w enuse w t po yam ew enm xe nso orme t orm
andprocessedbyinjectionmolding,blowmolding,extrusion,or
blowextrusiontofabricatearticles.
stabilityandmechanicalproperties
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Li nin l cerininwatera liedu onthesurfacesofdust ieldin
situationslikecoalmines,coaltransportationbyrailcar,andstockyards,
etc.
SelectCaligninsulfonate powdershavebeenshowntostabilize
widespreadcontaminationfollowinganuclearaccident,fieldstudies
demonstrateadependenceontheweatherconditionsandthebenefits
is
a
short
term
corrective
action.
Dustmovementcanbecontrolledbysprayingaroadsurfacewithan
emulsionofasphalt,lignosulfonic andwater
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Polymerizationofacrylamide andhydroxymethylated shownto
Phenolicresinforwetcurtainpaper
Packaginglaminatecomprisingabarrierlayerofligninand
oligoorpolysaccharides,wheretheligninandoligoor
polysaccharidesareatleastpartlycovalentlybondedtoeach
otherinamatrix
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Phenols preparedbytakingligninreactingwithaHsupplying
solventatelevatedtemperature/pressure
Ligin depolymerizationprovidesroutesto:
Cresols
Catechols
Resorsinols
Quinones
Vanillin
ua aco s
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L gn nen ancesper ormanceo energy
storagedevices.
gn n ormsa n ayeron egrap e
powdersurfacewhichpreventsthegraphite
powderfromdecreasingHovervoltageand
powder.
.
duringthedryinganddryingtimeis
shortened..
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Alkalinefragmented/purifiedligninmixedwithdieselusing
surfactants/emulsifiers
Hydroliquefaction comprisingsuccessivehydroconversionstagesunderhighHpressure
Hydroconversion occurrs withsupportedcatalystanda
suspensionofligninandaHdonorsolvent
Polymetallic catalystssupportedonatleastslightlybasic
materialsandhydrogenconvertlignintohydrocarbons
Catalyticconversionoflignintogreengasoline/dieselbyaOxygenateFuelAdditivecom na ono pyro ys s, erma crac ng, y rocrac ng,
catalyticcracking,orhydrotreatment
Lignincatalytichydrogenreductionofcarbonoxygenbonds
carboncarbonbonds.Thecatalystsmaybeformedfroma
metalprecursorsuchasrutheniumorvanadiumanda
.
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petroleumbasedwaxusingligninand1,3propanediol
derivedfromarenewableresource.withimproved
.
Indulin ATligninwhenaddedtowoodpelletsproduces
better ualit ellets and had hi her fuel value.
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Caligninsulfonate,mol.wt.of 10,000g/mol, hasbeen
usedtothickenedbasegreasetoformalubricatinggrease
Agreasewithawax/ligninhadimprovedcorrosionprotection
properties.
Wearresistanceofthetoolsisincreasedbyusingagrease
containinghydrolyticlignin.
gn nsu ona e prov esan r c onproper es ogrease
providinglongerlubricationlife.
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Dyedispersantispreparedfrom sulfate/sulfitepulpingliquors,
crosslinked withsulfite/formaldehyde, productsexhibitsgood
dispersion,property,heatresistantstability,hightemp.dispersion
property,fiberstainingpropertyandazo dyereducingproperty
,
complexing agent,flocculent,thickenerorauxiliaryagentsfor
coatings,paintsoradhesives.
OilWellDrillingMuds
Coal
water
slurry
dispersant
Aligninderivedmaterial hasbeenreportedtobeagoodasa
detergentcompounds
Amixtureincludingpolycarboxylic acid,andligninsulfonicacidhas
beenusedforcleaningaluminumplatestopreventcalciumscaling
Ligninsulfonates havebeenusedasbiodegradableandnontoxic
Jetprintinginkwaspreparedincludingsulfonated lignin
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Slowreleaseureaiscomposedof9099%urea110ligninwt.%
Ligninisusedeitherdirectlyorchemicallymodified,asa
in er, ispersantagent orpestici es er ici es,
emulsifier,andasaheavymetalsequestrate
gn nnu r en me um as eenapp e asana ve or
restoringvegetationonroadslopeandbaremountain
Oxidizedandpulverizedligninwhenblendedwithother
acidicdrylandordesertsoil,orasabinderforfertilizer.
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Summary
Advent
of
Biorefinery
has
developed
several
new
sourcesoflignin
NewTranslationApplicationsaregrowingevery
Da !