lignin effects on intake and ruminal digestion
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OABP Spring Meeting April 13 & 14, 2011 Guelph Ontario. Lignin Effects on Intake and Ruminal Digestion. Dr. Mike Brouk. [email protected] 785-532-1207. Lignin – Enemy of Digestibility. Lower fiber digestibility Increased retention time in rumen Increased gut fill Lower intake - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Lignin Effects on Intake and Ruminal Digestion
Dr. Mike Brouk
785-532-1207
OABP Spring Meeting
April 13 & 14, 2011 Guelph Ontario
Lignin – Enemy of Digestibility
Lower fiber digestibility
Increased retention time in rumen
Increased gut fill
Lower intake
Lower milk production
Reduced body condition score?
Reduced reproductive performance?
Van Soest Fiber AnalysisGround forage material
Digest with neutral detergent solution
Neutral Detergent Solubles
( Cell Contents )
Neutral Detergent Insoluble Fiber (NDF)
Digest with acid detergent solution
Acid Detergent Solubles
Hemicellulose, cell wall N
Acid Detergent Insoluble Fiber (ADF)
Digest with sulfuric acid
Solubles ( Cellulose ) Acid Insoluble Lignin
Application of Fiber Analysis
NDF and Intake
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
% of Body wt
38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54
% NDF of Forage
DMI
Eff ect of Forage Quality Upon Milk Production
Late Bud
First Flower
Mid Bloom
Mature
lb/c daily
Concentrate 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2
Forage 25.0 22.2 18.9 16.1
Total DMI 45.2 42.4 39.1 36.3
Milk 68.2 63.8 48.4 39.6
Milk:Feed 1.51 1.50 1.24 0.92
Flatt, et al., 1965
Digestibility
• NDF Digestibility (NDFD)– 30 or 48 hours of incubation in rumen fluid– Estimation based on lignin content – in vitro procedure
• 24, 30 or 48 hour
Influence of NDFD on TDN
Forage NDFD and DMI
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
40 50 60 70
Forage NDFD, %NDF
DMI, lb/d
Responses of Cattle
45% NDFD
50% NDFD
55% NDFD
DMI, lb/d 45.1 48.6 51.3
NDF Intake, lb/d 18.7 19.0 21.6
Milk, lb/d 70.3 73.2 73.6
Grass Maturity and NDFD
Legume Maturity and NDFD
Corn Silage Maturity and NDFD
Corn Silage Composition and Maturity (Bal, et al. 1997. JDS 80:2497-2503)
Stage of Maturity
ED ¼ ML 2/3 ML BL
---------------- % of DM ---------------
Moisture 69.9 67.6 64.9 58.0
CP 7.5 7.3 7.1 7.0
NDF 52.0 44.4 40.5 41.3
ADF 32.0 27.1 23.9 24.2
Lignin 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.7
Starch 18.2 28.7 37.2 37.4
Influence of Grain on NDF
Alfalfa Maturity
Stage of Maturity
Bud EB MB FB
---------------- % of DM ---------------
CP 22-23 20-21 18-19 16-17
NDF <40 40-45 45-59 >50
ADF <30 30-35 35-40 >40
Lignin 3.0 3-4 4-5 >5
Reduced Lignin and Animal Performance
Normal Sorghum
BMR – 6 Sorghum
BMR – 18 Sorghum
Corn Silage
ADF, % 24.4 22.8 20.8 20.7
Lignin, % 6.14 5.38 5.11 5.12
DMI, kg 23.2 25.2 23.4 24.3
Milk, kg 31.0b 34.1a 32.2ab 33.8a
Oliver, et al. 2004
Lignin and Animal Performance
Normal Sorghum
BMR Sorghum
Alfalfa Corn Silage
ADF, % 27.6 25.2 20.3 21.8
Lignin, % 6.4 5.2 4.7 3.3
DMI, kg 21.5 22.7 24.0 25.3
Milk, kg 21.5c 24.3b 25.2b 29.5a
Aydin, et al. 1999
Application of Lignin in Formulation
• How does lignin impact fermentation?
• What is the interaction between lignin and intake regulation?
Impact on Fermentation
Reduced digestibility
Increased retention time
Decreased intake
Normal Sorghum
BMR Sorghum
Alfalfa Corn Silage
ADF Dig., %
32.02c 39.1b 40.3b 48.5a
Aydin, et al. 1999
Control of Feed Intake • Dry Cow – Transition
– Mobilization of body fat - NEFA– Fermentability of the diet
• Early to Peak Lactation– Distension
• Post Peak – Fermentability of the diet
• Plasma insulin concentration• Tissue sensitivity to insulin
Potential of Lignin to Influence Animal Performance
• Early Lactation– Digestibility– Intake – Gut Fill
• Post Peak– Digestibility Pre-Peak
Post-Peak
Challenges to Using Lignin in Formulation
• Methods of testing
• Within lab variation
• Between lab variation
Normal Sorghum
BMR – 6 Sorghum
BMR – 18 Sorghum
Corn Silage
ADL, % 2.78 2.54 2.63 2.62
KMnO4,% 6.14 5.38 5.11 5.12
Oliver, et al. 2004
Challenges to Using Lignin in Formulation
• Grouping of animals– Single Lactation TMR’s
• Lack of data on specific groups
• Identification of first limiting factor of production or efficiency
Challenges to Using Lignin in Formulation
• Source of lignin– Cottonseed hulls– By-product feeds
• Lack of specific recommendations
Current Application in Formulation
• Experimental
• Limited in practical application due to on farm practices and measurements
Research Needs
• Interaction of lignin with regulation of intake– Stages of production
• Group specific performance data
Summary
Lignin can influence intake and
digestibility
Lignin can influence productivity and
efficiency of production
Limited recommendations for TMRs at this
time
Variable results in the field
Many variables involved