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  • 8/14/2019 Limited Government, Unlimited Administration: Is it Possible to Restore Constitutionalism?

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    T H F F P S A .

    F 1-800-544-4843 heritage.org/bookstore.N T H F C.

    Published by214 M A, NE

    W, DC 20002-4999(202) 546-4400 .

    Limit Grmt, Ulimit Amiitrati:I it Pibl t Rtr Ctitutialim?

    Gary S. Lawson

    W C 1787, z -

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    P B. G, The Proper Scope o Federal Power: A Juris

    dictional Interpretation o the Sweeping Clause, 43 Duke L. J. 267

    267 .3 (1993). F , L RThe Postal Power of Congress: A Study in Constitutional

    Expansion 6196 (J H U. S. H. P. S., V

    34, N. 2, 1916).

    N. 23

  • 8/14/2019 Limited Government, Unlimited Administration: Is it Possible to Restore Constitutionalism?

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    2 N. 23

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    United States, 18 J.L. & Econ. 33 (1975).8 6 AnnAlsof Cong. 1717 (1796).

  • 8/14/2019 Limited Government, Unlimited Administration: Is it Possible to Restore Constitutionalism?

    3/16

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    5/16

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  • 8/14/2019 Limited Government, Unlimited Administration: Is it Possible to Restore Constitutionalism?

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    cial Review o Special Interest Spending: The General Welare Clause

    and the Fiduciary Law o the Founders, 11 Tex. Rev. L. & Pol. 239

    (2007).

  • 8/14/2019 Limited Government, Unlimited Administration: Is it Possible to Restore Constitutionalism?

    7/16

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    Paramour): An Examination o the Views o Hamilton, Madison, and

    Story on Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 o the United States Constitu-

    tion, 33 John Marshall L. Rev. 81 (1999).16 See D E. E, The Spending Power, 44 Duke L.J. 1, 49

    (1994).

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    or executing powers that it otherwise possesses;

    ( P C

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    17 F , id. D E. E

    The Basis o the Spending Power, 18 Seattle U.L. Rev. 215 (1995).18 See G L G S, The Constitution of

    Empire: Territorial Expansion & American Legal History

    2732 (2004).

  • 8/14/2019 Limited Government, Unlimited Administration: Is it Possible to Restore Constitutionalism?

    8/16

    8 N. 23

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    R E. B, The Original Meaning o the Commerce Clause,

    68 U. Chi. L. Rev. 101 (2001); R E. B, New Evidence o

    the Original Meaning o the Commerce Clause, 55 Ark. L. Rev. 847

    (2003); R G. N, The Legal Meaning o Commerce in

    the Commerce Clause, 80 St. Johns L. Rev. 789 (2006).

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    ry into execution ,

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    20 17 U.S. (4 W.) 316 (1819).21 F , G L,Making a Fed

    eral Case Out o It: S . U S and the Constitution o

    Leviathan, 200304 Cato Sup. Ct. Rev. 119, 14243.

  • 8/14/2019 Limited Government, Unlimited Administration: Is it Possible to Restore Constitutionalism?

    9/16

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    the Nondelegation Doctrine, 73 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 235, 24546

    (2005).24 L J M S R (S. 2, 1819),

    in 8 The Writings of james Madison 447, 448 (G H

    ., 1908).25 O I . See

    L, supra 23; L G, supra 3.

    ConsTITUTIonAL sTRUCTURe

    And The exeCUTIve PoWeR

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    , G L G S, The Jeersonian

    Treaty Clause, 2006 Ill. L. Rev. 1, 2243.

  • 8/14/2019 Limited Government, Unlimited Administration: Is it Possible to Restore Constitutionalism?

    10/16

    10 N. 23

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    . See M . U S, 488 U.S. 361, 41516

    (1989 (S, J., ) (

    q

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  • 8/14/2019 Limited Government, Unlimited Administration: Is it Possible to Restore Constitutionalism?

    11/16

    11N. 23

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    32 33

    5--4

    30 See G L, The Rise and Rise o the Administrative State, 107

    Harv. L. Rev. 1231, 124849 (1994).31 See Gzz . R, 545 U.S. 1 (2005).32 See U S . M, 529 U.S. 598 (2000).33 See U S . Lz, 514 U.S. 549 (1995).

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    12/16

    12 N. 23

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    ; Sabri v. United

    States 2004,34 S C

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    34 See S . U S, 541 U.S. 600 (2004).35 See M . O, 487 U.S. 654 (1988).36 See W . A T A, 531 U.S. 457 (2001).

    I C

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    And The FoUndATIons oF The

    ModeRn AdMInIsTRATIve sTATeP

    N D J L. H

    F T C

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    1934. F , D H

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    I 1938, L Y L

    S The Administrative Process. M

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    13/16

    13N. 23

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    37J M. L, The Administrative Process 2 (1938).38 Id. 10.39 Id. 12.40 Id. 75.41 See R.J. P, The Birth o the Administrative State: Where It

    Came From and What It Means or Limited Government, H

    F P S N. 16 (2007).

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    42 G L, Prolegomenon to Any Future Administrative Law

    Course: Separation o Powers and the Transcendental Deduction, 49

    St. Louis U.L.J. 885, 891 (2005).

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    14/16

    14 N. 23

    C P C

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    T second element

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    43 O ,

    G L, The Constitutional Case Against Precedent, 17

    Harv. J.L. & Pub. Poly 23 (1994); G L,Mostly Unconsti-

    tutional: The Case Against Precedent Revisited, 5 Ave Maria L. Rev.

    1 (2007). O

    , G L C-

    D. M, The Executive Power o Constitutional Interpretation,

    81 Iowa L. Rev. 1267 (1996).

    C. P,

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    230

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    2,500 The Republic

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    15/16

    15N. 23

    .44 T , ,

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    content

    orm.

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    44 See The Republic of Plato 10607 (F MD C-

    . 1941).45 See S G. C G L, Foreword: Two

    Visions o the Nature o Man, 16 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Poly 1(1993).

    F,

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    but not sufcient

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    20 , 1911:

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    46 F J. G, Social Reform and the Constitution 910

    (1911).

  • 8/14/2019 Limited Government, Unlimited Administration: Is it Possible to Restore Constitutionalism?

    16/16

    16 N. 23

    .

    H ? T

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    .

    Gary S. Lawson is Abraham and Lillian Benton Schol

    ar and Proessor o Law at the Boston University School oLaw and a ounding member o the Federalist Society. He is

    also the author (with Guy Seidman) o T C

    E: T E A L

    H (Yale University Press), which surveys the legal

    history o American territorial acquisition and governance

    and the F A L casebook.

    This essay was published January 27, 2009.