limiting factors-demographic patterns

8/3/2019 Limiting Factors-Demographic Patterns

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Ecology

Ms. Gizel B. Rivera

Open University SystemManila Center



2

Limiting

Factors

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tundra_coastal_vegetation_Alaska.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Alpine_tundra.jpg



3

Limiting Factors

any biotic and

abiotic factor that

restricts theexistence, numbers,

reproduction, or

distribution of organisms



4

Tolerance of organisms

The ability of

organisms to

withstand avariety of

environmental

conditions

http://history.back%28%29/



5

Physical Factors inthe Environment

Soil

Temperature Water

Atmosphere

Light

Topography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Borealforest.jpg



6

Productivity

refers to the

rate of

generation of biomass in an

ecosystem



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Primary Production

the synthesis of

new organic

material frominorganic molecules

(autotrophs)



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Secondary Production

the generation

of biomass of

heterotrophic(consumer)

organisms in a

system



9

Community Ecology

studies thedistribution,

abundance,

demography, andinteractions between

coexisting

populations



11

BIOMES

group of

ecosystems withthe same climax

communities

http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu/photos/new_zealand_II/pages/Waitangi%20River%20rapids.htm



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Major Communities (Biomes)

Desert

characterized by

lack of moisture and

only a few living

organisms can

survive.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Saudi-desert.gif



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Tundra

found in arctic

regions, trees do

not grow, cold,

lack of water, and

limited sunlight

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Alpine_tundra.jpg



14


Coniferous forest

abundant in conifers

(cone-bearing trees),

very long and coldwinter lasting to about

half a year, and soil is

not fertile.



15


Tropical rain forest

found in warm, wet

areas near equator

rich in species of plants and animals

most diverse biome



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Grassland

occur in all

continents

plains or prairies

drier than a forest



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Lake

a large body

of watersurrounded by

land



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Estuary the wide lower

course of a river

where the tide

flows in, causing

fresh and salt

water to merge

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sognefjord%2C_Norway.jpg



20


Lagoon

a coastal body of

shallow water formedwhere low-lying rock,

sand, or coral presents

a partial barrier to the

open sea



21


River

a natural stream of

water that flows

through land and

empties into a body of

water such as an ocean

or lake



22


Ocean

a large

expanse of

salt water



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Population Ecology

a collection of elements capable

of increasing,

decreasing, or

remaining more or

less, stable.



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Population Ecology

Examples:

Human population

Animal population

Herbivorous

population

(trees, palms, and the like)



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Characteristics of Biological Population

1. In some animals, theyoung are similar to the

adults except in size.

They consume the same

kind of food and areequally affected by their

immediate habitat.



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2. In other kinds, theyoung are extremely

different in appearance

from adults. They

consume different kindsof food. They have no

direct influence on each

other for survival.



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3. Differentspecies vary in

their lifespans.



28


4. Agedistribution

varies fromone species to

another.



29


5. There isgenetic

variation inmost species.



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Environmental Resistance

refers to thebiotic or abiotic

factors that

oppose the

positive influence

on growth



31


predators

competitors

parasites

diseases



32


lack of food

unsuitable habitat

lack of water

unfavorable weather



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Carrying Capacity

the number of

one species that

an environmentcan support



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Human Demographic Patterns

the study of humanpopulations, including

their size, growth,

density, and distribution,

and statistics regarding

birth, marriage, disease,

and death



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The Philippine Population

rapid urbanization

very young population,

with relatively few people

of productive age

very high fecundity of

the population



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Factors Affecting Population Growth

natural environment

climate

religion

culture

migration

level of education

natural calamities

war



37

Effects of Overpopulation

reduction of the quality

of life

overexploitation of

natural resources

air, water, and land

pollution



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Natality (Birthrate)

averagenumber of live

births per year

per 1000

inhabitants in a

certain place



40

Mortality (Death rate)

Averagenumber of deaths

per year per 1000

population in a

certain place



41

THANK YOU AND

GODBLESS YOU

ABUNDANTLY.



Quiz

1. Explain further the meaning of

economic and social development as a

cause of rapid population growth.

2. Give the significance of the physical

factors to living and other nonliving

things.

limiting factors-demographic patterns

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