limits of formal urban planning and urban policy. urban issues
DESCRIPTION
Presentation devoted to the Lodz workshop in 8-12 April 2014TRANSCRIPT
LIMITS OF FORMAL URBAN PLANNING. UKRAINE
Roman Pomazan
URBAN SUSTAIN
Ukraine. Kiev. 2014
COMMON OVERVIEW• In 2011 Ukraine’s
parliament passed new Urban planning codex.
• No sustainable development
• Reduce of public influence on development projects
• Ubiquitous and complex corruption
• Decline of public transport system: railways, airlines, waterways
• Lobby of large developers and construction monopolies
• No real incentives for energy-efficiency
• Designs of Zoning and Detailed territories do not exist for 80% of cities and territories
• Obsolete masterplanning paradigm
URBAN PLANNING LAWS 2011
Local COMMUNITY can impact on any project only at Masterplan stage
Levels: Masterplan of City – Detailed Plan of Territory – Zoning plan
NO STATE BUDGETING for Detailed plans of territories
No expertise for Urban planning projects, just PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS
Urban planning based on BUILD NORMS those are used from 1970-s
Urban planning divides all territories by definite function - MONOFUNCTION
Case studies, researches and smart urban data are NOT MANDATORY
Urban planning does NOT INCLUDE nature conservation and green building
MONOCENTRISM• Downtowns
dominate in all megalopolises: Kiev, Kharkov, Donetsk, Odessa, Dnepropetrovsk, Lviv
• Traffic jams and uncomfortable public transport
• Centralization of power
• Limited local district governance
• Small neighborhood budget
BROKEN URBAN LANDSCAPES• Neglect of
historical heritage
• Breakaway of urban landscape
• Decay of public spaces
• Deforestation of green belts
• Abandoned historical heritage
• Demolition of architectural landmarks
• Pseudohistorical restoration
GOSTINNY DVIR
VOZDVIZHENKA
POST-SOVIET HOUSINGS’ LEGACY• 40% of housing
stock need sanitation
• Transport issues in post-Soviet microdistricts
• Mass-produced houses have less demand from citizens
• Monopolies in building maintenance
• No regulation for condominiums and common property
STALINKI & KHRUSCHOVKI
MASS PRODUCED PANEL BUILDINGS
RETAIL IN MICRODISTRICTS
ART FROM MICRODISTRICTS
INDUSTRIAL LEGACY• The Lion’s part of
industry facilities are obsolete and inefficient
• Greyfields and brownfields cover large contaminated areas
• 120 monocities
• Monopolies in energy supply
• Social degradation of industrial areas
UNDERGROUND ENGINEER STRUCTURES
KIEV HAVEN & RYBALSKY ISLAND
TELYCHKA
KIEV FORTIFICATIONS OF 1930-S
BROWNFIELDS OF 1850-1910-S
CHEMICAL PLANT “RADICAL”
ABANDONED MANUFACTURES
WEAK PUBLIC TRANSPORT• No law about
Open sky
• Absence of all-type transport nodes in cities
• Lack of transport strategies
• Undeveloped private aviation
• Decline of water connections
• Lack of highways
• No local city bike programs
• No bike infrastructure
METRO LINE TO TROYESCHINA
MARSHRUTKA
LESS TRAM LINES
WEAK USAGE OF WATER WAYS
ENERGY MONOPOLIES• Gas, water and
power supply is under monopolies
• Low quality of utility networks and out-date equipment
• Huge energy losses in transportation
• Overregulation in favor of monopolies
• Numerous obstacles for renewables
TRAGEDY OF COMMONS• Total corruption
• Social distrust
• Poor regulation of real estate taxes
• Neglect of archeological heritage
• Borderization
• Ecology unfriendliness
• Parking everywhere
TROYESCHINA SKYSCRAPERS
DARNITSYA RAIL WAY HUB
PODOLSKY BRIDGE
OVERSCALE HISTORICAL CITY’S CONTEXT
DESYATINNA
THE DNIEPER ISLANDS’ STRATEGY• Contest design of regeneration of the
Islands in the Dnieper within borders of Kiev.
• Sustainable development of recreation, buffer, nature reserved areas.
• Concepts of transportation, water treatment, nature conservation, recreation business
SUSTAIN TOWN• Strategy of town development in Makariv district
of Kiev region. 169 hectares
• Sustainable development underlid for all facilities: houses, utilities, commerce, permaculture farms, parks and education.
• Concepts of transportation, water and waste management, nature conservation, engineering, construction and economics
RETAIL ON POZNYAKI
REVITALIZATION OF NEIGNBORHOODS• Program of sanitation of housings and
revitalization of habitable microdistricts
• Energy efficiency and sustainability are basic principles of reconstruction and construction.
• Concepts of transportation, water and waste management, nature conservation, engineering, construction and economics
Pavlovo PoleNeighborhood in Kharkov
158 housings need sanitation45 600 inhabitants
Sanitation projectsMain types of mass produced housings
barrack type row stalinka nomenclatural stalinka
87 serie khrushevka nomenclatural khrushevka400 serie khrushevka
KT serie panelhouse 96 serie panelhouse480 serie khrushevka
MANIFEST OF COMFORTABLE KIEV• Kiev is unique city with extraordinary resources for development. We, representatives of the community, wish to help
developing comfortable and living city of Kiev according to European norms. Our first goal is including this Manifest into election programs of Mayor pretenders 25 of May 2014.
• Collaboration of 14 MULTIDISCIPLINARY EXPERTS and public organizations
• Support of 450 MEMBERS OF WORKING GROUPS
• Includes BASIC PRINCIPLES and ROAD MAP for short-time implementation
• Web site http://kyivmanifest.org.ua/
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC SPACE: more public space, less visual pollution, developed ground levels but not spontaneous retail, improvement of green belts
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORTATION: public transport prevails over private,Pay for parking, More transport nodes, Transit avoids the centerMore rights for pedestrian and bikes
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF URBAN PLANNING: polycentrism,The Dnieper for citizens, open air Museum, Revalorization and sanitationChange of design paradigmSmart city
GOALS:Involve local community and politicians into development of comfortable Kiev;Change values and approaches in urban development;Force pre-election talkings into the City program of reforms
Roman Pomazan
architecture and urban planning
Urban Sustain design group
Public Council of Urban planning of Kiev
http://us-a.com.ua/
+380687044482