link.springer.com · web viewinappropriate drug storage, use of expired drugs, lack of follow-up...

Application of Drug-Related Problem (DRP) classification systems – a review of the literature

Benjamin J Basger, Rebekah J Moles, Timothy F Chen. The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Corresponding author Benjamin J Basger [email protected]

Supplementary tables 1-3 with references. References for text tables 1 and 2 are included in these references.

Supplementary table 1 Full electronic search strategyMedline Searches Results Search Type1 drug related problems.mp. 6902 drug therapy problems.mp. 763 DRPs.mp. 2614 medication related problems.mp. 2005 medicine related problems.mp. 126 therapy related problems.mp. 57 medication management problems.mp. 108 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 11049 Substance-Related Disorders/ 7666310 8 not 9 94111 limit 10 to (english language and humans and yr=”2000-Current and

journal article) 584

EmbaseNo. Query Results1 ‘drug related problems’ AND [embase]/lim 11962 ‘drps’ AND [embase]/lim 3833 ‘drug therapy problems’ AND [embase]/lim 1114 ‘medication related problems’ AND [embase]/lim 2455 ‘medicine related problems’ AND [embase]/lim 246 ‘therapy related problems’ AND [embase]/lim 77 ‘medication management problems’ AND [embase]/lim 78 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 AND [embase]/lim 16839 substance AND ‘abuse’/exp AND [embase]/lim 40,25910 8 NOT 9 160211 10 AND [humans]/lim AND [English]/lim AND [embase]/lim AND

[2000-2014]/py921

IPASearches Results Search type1 drug related problems.mp. 7162 DRPs.mp. 1423 drug therapy problems.mp 1294 medication related problems.mp. 2025 medicine related problems.mp. 96 therapy related problems.mp. 127 medication management problems.mp. 78 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 10609 substance abuse.mp. 64710 8 not 9 105811 limit 10 to (english language and human and yr= “2000/01/01-

Current”) 301

Pubmed1 “drug related problems” or “drug related problems drps” OR “drug

related problems mrp” 758

2 “drug therapy problems” 783 “medication related problems” 2074 “medicine related problems” 145 “therapy related problems” 6

mailto:[email protected]

6 “medication management problems” 97 1 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 10498 “substance abuse” 38,7259 9 NOT 10 99210 Journal article; Publication date from 2000/01/01 to 2013/07/31;

Humans; English560

Cinahl1 “drug related problems” 1942 “DRPs” 373 “drug therapy problems” 94 “medication related problems” 705 “medicine related problems” 36 “therapy related problems” 07 “medication management problems” 58 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 2839 “Substance abuse” 32,42610 8 NOT 9 24511 English language; Published Date from 20000101-20130731 120

Supplementary table 2 Categories identified as causes of DRPs or DRPsCategory descriptions used in this study

Other terms used by studies mapped to these category descriptions

Additional therapy required Insufficient therapy, condition not adequately treated, condition under-treated, require synergistic therapy, additional pharmacotherapy required, need for additional drug

Adverse drug reaction Side effect, adverse drug event, adverse effect, undesirable reaction, adverse event, adverse reaction

Contraindication Precaution (with use)Dose too high Over-dosage, drug overdose, Dose too low Under-dose, sub-therapeutic dose, sub-optimal dose, condition

undertreatedDrug interaction actual/potential Inappropriate drug combinationDrug without indication Unknown indication, unnecessary therapy, no clear indication,

drug not needed, overmedication, no indication, (no indication due to) duplication, therapy not needed, no indication apparent, too many drugs prescribed for indication, no valid indication, unnecessary drug

Duration of therapy too long No further need for therapy, expired indication, lack of discontinuation, unnecessary drug 1, incorrect or unclear dosing instructions 2

Duration of therapy too short Drug ceased due to transcription error, drug discontinued (inappropriately), incorrect or unclear dosing instructions 2

Failure to receive drug Drug unavailable, drug not on market, funding endorsement unavailable, other drug selection problem 2, drug product not available, non-formulary prescribing, drug unobtainable

Illegible/unclear documentation Medical record discrepancy, incomplete record of drug order, drug order incorrect, poorly legible order, prescribing error (necessary information missing) 3, transferring error, printout does not match prescription, drug order differs from previous order

Inappropriate dosage regimen Inappropriate administration, inappropriate timing of administration, improper dosage, inappropriate dosing intervals, suboptimal dosing scheme, incorrect administration, inappropriate time for drug intake, wrong dosage interval, improper drug use by patient, suboptimal drug use, drugs administered by the patient 1

Inappropriate drug selection Drug choice problem, non-optimal drug, sub-optimal drug, wrong drug, unsuitable drug, needs different drug product, improper drug selection, ineffective drug, safer alternative available, unsafe drug, safer drug product required, inappropriate drug choice, refractoriness, medicine ineffectiveness, lack of effectiveness

Inappropriate self diagnosis Referral requiredMedication management problems Inappropriate drug storage, use of expired drugs, lack of follow-up

visit, wrong drug taken, health literacy poor, uncoordinated care, multiple pharmacies, multiple prescribers, no recognition of the professional help available in Australian pharmacies, drugs taken unbeknown to GP, simplification of drug therapy, rationalisation of therapy, use of combination therapy, formulary interchange, generic substitution, more affordable alternative available, generic alternative preferred, formulary alternative

Monitoring required Need for monitoring, monitoring absent, monitoring issues, needs additional monitoring, lack of monitoring, monitoring needed

More effective therapy available Effect of drug not optimal, drug not effective, drug not the most effective

Non adherence Not taken as prescribed, non-compliance, inappropriate adherence, drug under administered, drug underused, taking too little, erratic drug use 2, patient forgot to take, administration not ideal or correct, misunderstood directions, drugs administered by patient 1, could not afford, patient unwilling/unable to take drug therapy, access difficulty, other drug selection problem 2

Non-optimal dose Inappropriate dose, dosing concerns, incorrect strength Other Unidentified cause, other cause, miscellaneous cause, no obvious

cause, not classifiable Patient requests information/information provided

Patient requests drug information, patient requests disease management advice, other education or information problem 2, other 3, requires drug therapy education

Patient unwilling/unable to take medicine

Patient unable to use drug, confusion of generic and trade names, patient insecure due to generic substitution, poor administration technique, practical problems 4, fear of adverse effects, non-formulary prescribing

Poor disease state knowledge Poor disease state management knowledge, lifestyle issues, lack of knowledge

Prescribing error Wrong drug prescribedSelf care not appropriate Product misuse, inappropriate product requestTherapy failure Refractoriness, medicine ineffectiveness, lack of effectivenessUncertain of purpose of medicine Uncertainty about the aim of the drug 4

Untreated indication Need for primary prevention, drug indicated, drugs missing, no drug order for a medical condition, therapy omitted, unfulfilled indication, not receiving the medicine needed, untreated condition, indication without drug, other 1, missing therapy

1 As defined by Ruths, Viktil and Blix [1] 2 As defined by Williams et al. [2]3As defined by PCNE version 6 [3]4 As defined by Westerlund [4]

Supplementary table 3 Data extracted from 268 articles Type of classification system used

Study Type of study Number of categories reported as problem and/or cause categories and sub-categories

Healthcare setting 1

Mean Age of intervention patients (years)

Gender (male) percent

Mean number of DRPs reported per patient (actual and/or potential)

Number of intervention patients per study

Mean number of medical conditions per patient

Mean number of medications per patient

Method of data collection to identify categories reported as causes or problems 2

Trained or training provided in detection of categories

APS-Doc [5] Hohmann et al. [6] 2012 Germany

Descriptive 10 problem 48 sub- problem

Hospital Inpatients

70.7 53.5 1.8 155 Unstated 4.8 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

APS-Doc [5] Hohmann et al. [5] 2012 Germany

Case series post-test

10 problem 48 sub- problem

Hospital Inpatients, Emergency department

67.8 53.5 2.6 350 Unstated 5.3 Medical and medication record

Yes

Cipolle et al. [7]

De Oliveira et al. [8] 2010 USA

Case series post-test retrospective

7 problem Medicine or outpatient clinic

Unstated 24.1 4.3 9068 6.8 12.4 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Cipolle et al. [7]

de Sa Borges et al. [9] 2010 Brazil



69.4 39.4 4.3 40 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated

Cipolle et al. [7]

Gillespie et al. [10] 2009 Sweden

Randomised Controlled Trial

7 problem Hospital Inpatients


Yes

Cipolle et al. [7]

Hall and Pater [11] 2011 USA



57 36.8 2.5 68 5 10 Medication and medical record and interview

No

Cipolle et al. [7]

Harris et al. [12] 2009 USA



Unstated 26 2.7 92 Unstated 3.9 Medication and medical record and

Unstated

Type of classification system used











interviewCipolle et al. [7]

Harrison et al. [13] 2012 Canada

Concurrent control


Unstated 56 1 43 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Cipolle et al. [7]

Isetts et al. [14] 2003 USA



Unstated 24 Unstated/unable to calculate

15 6.2 8.3 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Cipolle et al. [7]


Historical control


Unstated 34 2.2 285 6.4 7.9 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Cipolle et al. [7]



7 problem Medicine or outpatient clinic, Hospital Inpatients

Unstated 40 5 823 6.4 Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Cipolle et al. [7]

Mekonnen et al. [17] 2013 Ethiopia



38 33.3 0.5 300 Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Yes

Cipolle et al. [7]

Milos et al. [18] 2013 Sweden



87 24.2 2.5 182 Unstated 11.4 Medical and medication record

Yes

Cipolle et al. [7]

Nicholas et al. [19] 2007 USA

Descriptive 7 problem Medicine or outpatient clinic

Unstated Unstated 0.6 200 Unstated Unstated Interview Unstated

Cipolle et al. [7]

Ross and Bloodworth


7 problem Community Pharmacy

53 23.6 3.1 468 6.3 8.3 Medication and

Yes












[20] 2012 USA

medical record and interview

Cipolle et al. [7]

Strand et al. [21] 2004 USA

Descriptive Retrospective

7 problem Home Medicines Review

Unstated 33 3.3 2985 6 5.5 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Cipolle et al. [7]

Stratton et al. [22] 2012 USA


56 46 7.2 68 8 10 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Cipolle et al. [7]

Wermeille et al. [23] 2004 Scotland

Interrupted time series


64.7 52 Unstated/unable to calculate

62 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Cipolle et al. [7]

Westberg and Sorensen [24] 2005 USA



Unstated 47.3 2 91 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated

DOCUMENT [2]

Hussainy et al. [25] 2011 Australia



Medicine or outpatient clinic

Unstated Unstated 2.5 46 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

DOCUMENT [2]

Williams et al. [2] 2011 Australia



Community Pharmacy

Unstated Unstated Unstated/unable to calculate

Unstated Unstated Unstated Medication record and Interview

Yes












DOCUMENT [2]

Williams et al. [26] 2012 Australia



Community Pharmacy



Unstated

Grenada [27] Armando et al. [28] 2001 Argentina



Unstated Unstated 0.6 129 Unstated Unstated Medication record and Interview

Yes

Grenada [27] Baena et.al.[29] 2006 Spain

Descriptive 6 problem Emergency department

42 51.4 Unstated/unable to calculate

2261 Unstated 1.7 Medical record and interview

Yes

Grenada [27] Barbero Gonzalez [30] 2001 Spain



56.9 36.5 Unstated/unable to calculate

127 Unstated Unstated Medication record

Unstated

Grenada [27] Barris and Faus [31] 2003 Malaga

Descriptive 6 problem 4 cause

Community Pharmacy


Unstated

Grenada [27] Castro et al. [32] 2013 Spain



Yes

Grenada [27] Costa et al.[33] 2004 Portugal

Descriptive 6 problem Community Pharmacy

Unstated Unstated 3.5 396 Unstated Unstated Interview Yes












Grenada [27] de Almeida Nascimento et al. [34] 2011 Brazil


56.7 34 3 97 Unstated Unstated Unstated Unstated

Grenada [27] de Almeida Nascimento et al.[35] 2009 Brazil


6 problem 10 cause

Community Pharmacy

56.7 34 4 97 4 4 Medication record and Interview

Unstated

Grenada [27] Escutia Gutierrez et al. [36] 2007 Mexico

Descriptive 6 problem Home Medicines Review



Unstated

Grenada [27] Fornos et al. [37] 2006 Spain



62.4 43 2.7 112 Unstated Unstated Medication record and Interview

Yes

Grenada [27] Garcao and Cabrita [38] 2002 Portugal




No

Grenada [27] Garcia Caudevilla et al. [39] 2002 Spain



Unstated Unstated 1 592 Unstated Unstated Unstated Yes

Grenada [27] Niquille et al. [40] 2010 Switzerland


66 49 1.5 77 2.6 4.6 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes












Krska [41] Krska et al. [41] 2002 Scotland



Unstated Unstated 7.8 168 Unstated 7.3 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Modified AbuRuz [42]

AbuRuz et al. [43] 2011 Jordan


Hospital Inpatients

54.5 48.5 9.4 402 8.5 10.8 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Modified AbuRuz [42]

Basheti et al. [44] 2013 Jordan


10 problem Discharge 58.9 53.3 7.4 167 4.1 8.1 Interview Unstated

Modified Chen [45]

Freeman et al. [46] 2013 Australia

Concurrent control retrospective

23 problem Medicine or outpatient clinic, Home Medicines Review

Unstated (median

81)

37 5.4 70 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Modified Cipolle et al. [7]

Barnett et al. [47] 2009 USA

Case series post test retrospective



23798 Unstated Unstated Medication record and Interview

Yes


Bondesson et al. [48] 2012 Sweden

Case series post test retrospective


81 48 Unstated/unable to calculate

132 Unstated 10.3 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated


Bondesson et al. [49] 2013 Sweden

Historical control


81.9 33 9.9 70 Unstated 9.3 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated













Castelino et al. [50] 2011 Australia



74.6 47.3 5 224 5.8 10.8 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes


Christensen et al. [51] 2011 Sweden




Unstated


Finkers et al. [52] 2007 The Netherlands

Descriptive 9 problem Aged Care Facility

80 32 3.5 91 Unstated 13.4 Medical and medication record

Unstated


Gilbert et al.[53] 2002 Australia



Unstated (median

73)

Unstated 2.5 1000 6 9 Medication and medical record and interview

No


Gisev et al.[54] 2010 Australia



46.8 54 4.4 48 3.5 7 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes


Leendertse et al. [55] 2013 The Netherlands

Concurrent control


Unstated (per

mixed effects model 75.8)


Unstated


Naunton and Peterson [56] 2003 Australia


21 problem Discharge Unstated (median

74)

44 3 57 Unstated (median

5)

Unstated (median

8)

Medication and medical

No












record and interview


Nishtala et al. [57] 2011 Australia


8 problem Aged Care Facility

84 25 3 480 Unstated 7.4 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes


Rao et al. [58] 2007 Australia and USA

Descriptive 7 problem Medicine or outpatient clinic, Community Pharmacy, Home Medicines Review


Yes


Roughead et al. [59] 2004 Australia


Unstated (Median

75.5)

38 2.2 1000 Unstated (median

6)

Unstated (median

9)

Medication and medical record and interview

Yes


Ruths et al.[60] 2003 Norway


85.2 33 2.4 1354 3.1 5 Medical and medication record

Yes


Samoy et.al[61] 2006 Canada

Descriptive 8 problem Hospital Inpatients



Yes


Scott et al. [62] 2010 USA


Community 86 22.3 2.3 130 9 13 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes













Smith et al. [63] 2011 USA




Yes


Stuijt et al. [64] 2008 The Netherlands



85.8 10 3.8 30 Unstated 6.1 Medical and medication record

Unstated


Triller et al. [65] 2003 USA




Unstated


Villa et al. [66] 2009 Chile

Concurrent control

7 problem 31 cause


54 24.5 2.9 85 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated


Young et al. [67] 2012 Canada


54.6 48.1 1.2 106 Unstated Unstated Medication record

No


Zaal et al. [68] 2013 The Netherlands


Unstated (median

70)

54 1.8 228 Unstated Unstated (median

15)

Medical and medication record

Unstated

Modified CPACS [69]

Bell et al. [70] 2006 Australia




Yes












Modified DOCUMENT [2]

Kwint et al. [71] 2011 Netherlands



Community Pharmacy

78.7 24 8.5 125 Unstated 10 Medical and medication record

Yes


Kwint et al. [72] 2012 The Netherlands



Home Medicines Review

Unstated (median

76)

36 10 155 4.2 9 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes


Stafford et al. [73] 2009 Australia



Aged Care Facility

78.1 40 3.9 334 8.2 10.9 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes


Stafford et al. [74] 2011 Australia



Home Medicines Review


Yes


Tenni et al. [75] 2007 Australia



Aged Care Facility, Home Medicines Review

78.9 32 3.9, 4.9 234 8.25 10.7 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Modified Grenada [27]

de Oliveira and Novaes [76] 2011 Brazil



Unstated


Gastelurrutia et al. [77] 2011 Spain




Yes













Gomez et al. [78] 2009 Spain




Yes

Modified Grenada Grenada [27]

Martinez-Lopez et al. [79] 2011 Spain


6 problem Hospital Inpatients, Discharge

62 77 1.6 46 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated

Modified Iaser method [80]

Lopez et al. [80] 2010 Spain


7 problem 33 cause

Discharge 69.5 53 0.2 7711 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Modified iMAP [81]

Roth et al. [82] 2013 USA





Unstated

Modified Krska [41]

Krska et al. [83] 2007


Unstated (median

69)


3)

Unstated (median

7)


Yes

Modified Krska and Westerlund [41] [4]

Andersson et al. [84] 2003 Sweden



Unstated Unstated Unstated Interview Yes

Modified McGuire

Krska et al. [86] 2000


16 problem Home Medicines

Unstated Unstated 7.7 332 Unstated 7.9 Medication and

Yes












[85] Scotland Review medical record and interview

Modified McGuire [85]

Krska et al.[87] 2001 Scotland UK




Yes

Modified Norwegian [1]

Davidsson et al.[88] 2011 Norway



87 11 2.5 93 Unstated 7.5 Medication record

Unstated

Modified PCNE V4 [89]

Granas et al. [90] 2010 Norway


15 problem Home Medicines Review, Community Pharmacy

62.4 48 1.2 73 Unstated 8.7 Medication record and Interview

Yes


Ahmad et.al.[92] 2012 The Netherlands


13 problem Discharge Unstated Unstated Unstated/unable to calculate


Yes


Bladh et al. [93] 2011 Sweden

Concurrent control

12 problem Discharge Unstated (median

84)

40 1.6 87 Unstated Unstated (median

8)

Medical record

No


Brulhart and Wermeille [94] 2011 Switzerland




Unstated


Chan et al. [95] 2012 Taiwan



76.2 55 2.2 193 9 10.6 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated













Chan et al. [96] 2012 Taiwan




75.6 56 2.1 193 9 9 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated


Eichenberger et al. [97] 2010 Switzerland


Discharge, Community Pharmacy

55.9 43 0.7 616 Unstated 3.7 Medication record and Interview

Yes


Halvorsen[98] 2010 Norway




Yes


Hooper et al. [99] 2009 Qatar





594 Unstated Unstated Prescription

Yes


Huri and Wee [100] 2013 Malaysia


6 problem 16 sub-problem 5 cause 19 sub-cause

Hospital Inpatients

62.3 51.5 1.9 200 4.6 6.9 Medical and medication record

Yes


Van Roozendaal et al.[101] 2009 Australia


10 problem Community 61.4 50.7 4.6 148 Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Unstated


Hatah et al. [102] 2014 New Zealand


13 sub- problem 34 cause

Community Pharmacy

Unstated (median

73)

43.6 2.5 353 Unstated (median

2)

Unstated (median

8)

Interview Unstated

Modified PI-Doc [103]

Eickhoff et al. [104] 2012 Germany



Unstated 34.1 0.2 11069 Unstated Unstated Interview No













Hammerlein et al.[105] 2007 Germany


4 problem 8 sub- problem 50 sub sub- problem

Community Pharmacy


Unstated Unstated Unstated Interview No


Haugbolle et al.[106] 2006 Denmark




Lewinski et al. [107] 2010 Germany



3040 Unstated Unstated Interview Yes


Nicolas et al. [108] 2013 Germany


Community Pharmacy

52.9 42.2 0.2 14231 Unstated Unstated Medication record and Interview

Yes


Schroder et al. [109] 2011 Germany


25 sub- problem

Community Pharmacy


Yes

Modified SFPC [110]

Belaiche et al. [111] 2012 France




Unstated

Modified SFPC [110]

Belaiche et al. [112] 2012 France


70 66 2 67 2.6 10 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated












Modified SFPC [110]

Stemer et al. [113] 2012 Austria



Unstated Unstated 0.3 Unstated Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

No

Modified Strand/Hepler and Strand [114] [115]

Alagiriswami et al. [116] 2009 India



49.8 57.8 1.4 189 Unstated Unstated Medication record

Unstated


Alderman and Farmer [117] 2001 Australia



73.7 78.9 1.7 39 Unstated Unstated Unstated Unstated


Al-Hajje et al. [118] 2012 Lebanon



Unstated 54 0.2 572 Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Yes













Beaucage et al. [119] 2006 Canada



47 45 0.7 255 2.1 3 Medication record and Interview

Unstated


Bednall et al. [120] 2003 England


8 problem Emergency department

38 Unstated 0.04 2636 Unstated Unstated Medical record

Unstated


Bedouch et al.[121] 2008 France




Unstated





72.6 43.1 1.7 1564 Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Yes
















Yes


Blakey and Hixson-Wallace [124] 2000 USA



Unstated Unstated 2.1 106 Unstated 10.6 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes


Blix et al. [125] 2004 Norway


71 41.4 2.1 827 Unstated 5 Medical and medication record

Unstated


Blix et al. [126] 2008 Norway




Unstated













Blix et al.[127] 2006 Norway



Unstated


Burkiewicz et al. [128] 2006 USA

Descriptive 8 problem Community 75.1 17.4 5.2 23 Unstated 7.7 Interview Yes


Castelino et al. [129] 2011 India


Unstated 67.8 1.1 308 Unstated 6.1 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated


Celin et al. [130] 2012 India


Unstated 63.4 0.7 108 Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Unstated













Chisholm et al. [131] 2000 USA



Yes


Doucette et al. [132] 2005 USA




Unstated


Elliott and Woodward [133] 2011 Australia


82 26 2.5 46 5.4 9 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated


Ellis et al. [134] 2000 USA



66.8 96 5.8 523 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Yes













Emmerton et al. [135] 2003 New Zealand



Community Pharmacy


Yes


Ernst et al. [136] 2001 USA



59.2 31 2.4 388 Unstated Unstated Interview No


Ernst et al.[137] 2003 USA


59.2 29.9 2.4 388 Unstated Unstated Interview Unstated


Grymonpre et al.[138] 2001 Canada



76.9 25 14.4 69 Unstated 13.1 Interview Yes













Hohl et al.[139] 2010 Canada



116 Unstated (median

2)

Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Yes


Joseph et al. [140] 2010 India



Unstated (median

67)

66 0.9 411 Unstated(median 3)

Unstated (median

9)


Unstated


Kassam et al. [141] 2001 Canada


74 36 3.9 145 10 12.1 Medication record and Interview

Yes


Kaur et al. [142] 2012 Australia



82 30.8 2.7 296 Unstated 11.3 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes













Khdour et al. [143] 2012 Palestine



62.2 46.2 1.7 212 3.3 4.8 Medical and medication record

Yes


Laaksonen et al. [144] 2010 UK



Yes


Lucca et al. [145] 2012 India


10 problem Intensive Care


No


Manley et al. [146] 2003 USA



60.5 58.6 3.6 133 6 11 Medical and medication record

Unstated

















Unstated






Unstated


McDonough et al. [149] 2003 USA



55.3 39.7 4.4 116 3.2 4.5 Medication record and Interview

Yes


Midlov et al. [150] 2002 Sweden



79.8 39 5.7 77 Unstated 12 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated













Mirkov and Ball [151] 2003 New Zealand



Unstated (median

61.5)

25 2.6 51 Unstated 10 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated


Mirkov[152] 2009 New Zealand



Unstated (median

65)

39 4.3 64 Unstated (median 9)

Unstated (median

13)


Yes


Mortimer et al. [153] 2011 Australia

Concurrent control

8 problem Emergency department

77 45 1.1 101 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated


Osterhaus et al. [154] 2002 USA


59.2 31 1 460 Unstated Unstated Medication record and Interview

Yes













Pai et al. [155] 2009 USA




Yes


Pai et al.[156] 2009 USA



56.3 61 9.3 57 Unstated 10 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes


Parthasarathi et al.[157] 2003 India



Unstated 60 0.2 1296 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

No


Patel et al.[158] 2005 USA


57.5 34 3.2 119 Unstated 6.4 Medication record

Unstated













Prot-Labarthe et al. [159] 2008 Canada



Unstated (median

12.1)

58.6 18 29 Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Yes


Repp et al. [160] 2012 USA



(admissions due to DRPs)


Unstated


Schrecengost-Kibbey et al. [161] 2002 USA


11 problem Medicine or outpatient clinic, Community



Sorensen et al. [162] 2004 Australia

Concurrent control



Yes













Stell et al. [163] 2008 Australia


10 problem Medicine or outpatient clinic, Community

76 55 0.9 146 Unstated 10 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes


Titley-Lake et al.[164] 2000 British Virgin Islands


73 36 5.9 50 Unstated 12.5 Medication record and Interview

Yes


Viktil et al. [165] 2004 Norway



Unstated





Unstated















71 41.2 Unstated/unable to calculate

827 Unstated 7.3 Medical and medication record

Unstated


Wang et al. [168] 2008 Taiwan



Unstated 45.9 1.5 37 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated


Yeoh et al. [169] 2013 Singapore



71.7 55.9 3 118 Unstated 6.4 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated


Zed et al.[170] 2008 Canada




Unstated

Modified Tomechko [171]

Becker et al. [172] 2004 USA


7 problem 34 cause

Community Pharmacy


754 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and

Yes












interviewModified Van Den Bermt [173]

Bulsink et al. [174] 2013 The Netherlands



Unstated

Modified Westerlund [4]

Montgomery et al. [175] 2008 Sweden



71.1 37.6 0.5 3298 Unstated 11.8 Medication record and Interview

Yes

Norwegian [1]

Willoch et al. [176] 2012 Norway



Hospital Inpatients, Discharge

73.5 Unstated 4.4 40 Unstated 8.3 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated

PCNE V5 [91]

Lampert et al. [177] 2008 Switzerland


21 problem 34 cause

Hospital Inpatients

Unstated Unstated 0.2 1444 Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Yes

PCNE V5 [91]

Leikola et al. [178] 2012 Finland



Community Pharmacy

80 28.8 6.5 121 Unstated 17 (includes

“when required” and OTC)


Yes

PCNE V5 [91]

Mannheimer et al.[179] 2006 Sweden


6 problem 21 sub problem 6 cause 33 sub cause

Hospital Inpatients


Unstated

PCNE V5 [91]

Nickel et al. [180] 2013 Switzerland



Emergency department

Unstated (median

81)

37.4 0.1 633 Unstated Unstated (median

5)


Yes












PCNE V5 [91]

Rashed et al. [181] 2013 UK and Saudi Arabia



Unstated (median

2.3)

58.1 0.3 253 Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Yes

PCNE V5 [91]

Rashed et.al.[182] 2012 UK and Saudi Arabia


Hospital Inpatients

Unstated (median

4)

58.1 1.5 Unstated Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Unstated

PCNE V5 [91]

Touchette et al. [183] 2012 USA



Medicine or outpatient clinic, Community

74.6 33 2.1, 2.4 637 5 8 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

PCNE V6 [3]

Taegtmeyer et al. [184] 2011 Switzerland


Hospital Inpatients

Unstated (median

68.1)

68 0.3 502 Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Unstated

PCNE V6 [3]

Taegtmeyer et al. [185] 2012 Switzerland


Hospital Inpatients

Unstated (median

68.7)

Unstated 0.4 1263 Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Unstated

Self developed

Abdelhalim et al. [186] 2011 USA


Unstated Unstated 1 32 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Self developed

Al-Jazairi et al. [187] 2008 Saudi Arabia



Unstated 44.8 0.7 600 Unstated Unstated Unstated Unstated












Self developed

Andreazza et al. [188] 2011 Brazil



49.3 34.3 1.2 335 Unstated Unstated Medical record and interview

Yes

Self developed

Austwick et al. [189] 2002 England



Unstated Unstated 2.3 52 Unstated 7.8 Medication record and Interview

Unstated

Self developed

Bergqvist et al. [190] 2006 Sweden


78 44 0.7 80 Unstated 8 Medication record and Interview

Yes

Self developed

Bergqvist et al. [191] 2009 Sweden

Historical control



Yes

Self developed

Bosse et al. [192] 2012 USA



Unstated 36.5 0.3 207 Unstated Unstated Interview Unstated

Self developed

Bourne and Dorward [193] 2011 UK



Unstated Unstated 4.5 55 Unstated Unstated Unstated Unstated

Self developed

Bremberg et al. [194] 2006 Sweden



Unstated (median

63)


Unstated

Self developed

Christensen et al. [195] 2007 USA

Case series pretrest/posttest


Medicine or outpatient clinic, Community Pharmacy



Yes












Self developed

Claydon-Platt et al. [196] 2012 Australia




Unstated

Self developed

Delate et al. [197] 2008 USA

Concurrent control

5 problem Discharge 77.7 30.1 Unstated/unable to calculate


Unstated

Self developed

Dhabali et al. [198] 2012 Malaysia




Unstated

Self developed

Eichenberger et al. [199] 2011 Switzerland


66 59.2 7.4 76 4.5 13 Medication record and Interview

Unstated

Self developed

Elliott et al.[200] 2012 Australia

Concurrent control


Unstated (median

84.2)


5.5)

Unstated (median

9.5)


Yes

Self developed

Farrell et al. [201] 2011 Canada


81 23 8.9 51 Unstated 15 Unstated Unstated

Self developed

Farris et al. [202] 2004 USA



75.9 30 1.8 1167 3.1 4.8 Interview No

Self developed

Fejzic and Tett [203] 2004 Australia


51.5 32 4.3 25 4.8 4 Interview Unstated












Self developed

Foisy and Akai [204] 2004 Canada




Unstated

Self developed

Furniss et al.[205] 2000 England




Unstated

Self developed

Ganachari et al. [206] 2010 India


27 sub- problem

Hospital Inpatients


Yes

Self developed

Gordon et al. [207] 2005 UK

Descriptive 9 problem Community Pharmacy, Medicine or outpatient clinic

Unstated (median

68)

45.2 Unstated/unable to calculate

221 Unstated Unstated Interview Unstated

Self developed

Haley et al. [208] 2009 Canada



68.5 42.5 1.9 146 Unstated 6.2 Medication record

No

Self developed

Hata et al. [209] 2012 USA




Self developed

Herborg et al. [210] 2001 Denmark

Concurrent control




Yes












Self developed

Hugtenburg et al. [211] 2004 The Netherlands


56.4 38 0.2 700 Unstated Unstated Interview Unstated

Self developed

Imberg et al. [212] 2012 USA

Historical control retrospective

9 problem Discharge 50.9 Unstated 3.1 313 7 13.4 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated

Self developed

Kimland et al. [213] 2007 Sweden


5 problem Drug information centre


Unstated Unstated Unstated Unstated Unstated

Self developed

Koh et al. [214] 2003 Singapore




Unstated

Self developed

Koh et al. [215] 2005 Singapore




Unstated

Self developed

Krahenbuhl et al. [216] 2008 Switzerland



Unstated Unstated Unstated Prescription

No

Self developed

Krahenbuhl et al. [217] 2008 Switzerland




Yes

Self developed

Krass and Smith [218] 2000 Australia



71 43 9 275 4.7 7.7 Medical and medication record

Yes












Self developed

Krska et al. [219] 2005 Scotland

Descriptive 13-15 problem Medicine or outpatient clinic


Yes

Self developed

LaFleur et al. [220] 2006 USA



3706 Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Yes

Self developed

Lam [221] 2011 USA




Unstated

Self developed

Langebrake and Hilgarth [222] 2010 Germany




Unstated Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Yes

Self developed

Lee and McPherson [223] 2006 USA





Yes

Self developed

Leonor and Ernesto [224] 2012 Cuba




Unstated












Self developed

Lindell-Osuagwu et al. [225] 2013 Finland


5 problem Community Unstated 52 0.3 3964 Unstated Unstated Unstated Not applicable

Self developed

Maxwell et al. [226] 2013 New Zealand


Community Pharmacy


Self developed

McGivney et al. [227] 2011 USA


7 problem Community Unstated Unstated 1.2 Unstated Unstated Unstated Interview Yes

Self developed

McKinnon and Jorgenson [228] 2009 Canada

Concurrent control


58.4 29.9 0.3 87 Unstated 7.9 Medical record

Unstated

Self developed

Moczygemba et al. [229] 2011 USA



Unstated Unstated 2 249 Unstated Unstated Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Self developed



7 problem Community 71.2 51.7 4.8 60 6.5 13 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Self developed


Historical control

11 problem Community 71.2 51 6 60 6.5 13 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated












Self developed

Mok and Minson[232] 2008 USA





Unstated

Self developed

Nurgat et al. [233] 2011 Saudi Arabia





Unstated

Self developed

Ou et al. [234] 2002 Taiwan





Unstated

Self developed

Puts et al. [235] 2009 Canada


74.2 30.4 2.2 112 Unstated (median

5)

5 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated

Self developed

Puts et al. [236] 2010 Canada


74.2 30.4 2.2 112 Unstated (median

5)

5 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated

Self developed

Ramanath and Nedumballi [237] 2012 India


10 problem Medicine or outpatient clinic, Hospital Inpatients


Unstated

Self developed

Randall and Bruno [238] 2006 USA

Descriptive 7 problem Community Unstated Unstated 1.2 982 Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Unstated












Self developed

Rogers et al. [239] 2003 Canada


8 problem Discharge 61 30 1 20 Unstated 4.2 Medical and medication record

Unstated

Self developed

Rossing et al. [240] 2003 Denmark


Unstated (pharmac

ist survey)

18.8 Unstated/unable to calculate

Unstated (pharmacist survey)



Unstated Not applicable

Self developed


Descriptive 7 problem Community 75.5 76.9 5.6 200 7.9 10.6 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated

Self developed


Descriptive 7 problem Community 75.5 76.9 5.6 200 7.9 10.6 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated

Self developed

Saastamoinen et al. [243] 2009 Finland




Unstated

Self developed

Satish Kumar et al. [244] 2013 India




Unstated

Self developed

Schnipper et al. [245] 2006 USA



60.7 33 1.3 79 Unstated Unstated (median

8)


Unstated












Self developed

Setter et al [246] 2000 USA

Descriptive 7 problem Community 76 41 Unstated/unable to calculate


Yes

Self developed

Shimp et al. [247] 2012 USA



70 45 3.3 128 3 9.2 Medical record and interview

Yes

Self developed

Soendergaard et al. [248] 2006 Denmark




Unstated

Self developed

Somers et al. [249] 2010 Belgium


Hospital Inpatients


Yes

Self developed

Somers et al. [250] 2013 Belgium



81.4 52 3 100 Unstated 11.4 Medical and medication record

Yes

Self developed

Spinewine et al.[251] 2006 Belgium




Yes

Self developed

Sturgess et al.[252] 2003 Ireland

Concurrent control



Yes












Self developed

Syfrett [253] 2001 USA

Descriptive 14 problem Community 74.8 39 Unstated/unable to calculate


Unstated

Self developed

Ulfvarson et al. [254] 2010 Sweden


12 problem Aged Care Facility, Home Medicines Review


Yes

Self developed

Van Mil et al. [255] 2001 The Netherlands



Unstated Unstated Unstated Medication record

Unstated

Self developed

Vercaigne et al. [256] 2000 Canada



76 37 5.1 163 7.2 8.2 Medication record and Interview

Yes

Self developed

Vink et al. [257] 2011 USA


Unstated (median

72)


Unstated

Self developed

Vinks et al. [258] 2009 Netherlands


Community Pharmacy

76.6 25.3 4.1 87 Unstated 8.8 Medication record

Yes

Self developed

Vinks et al.[259] 2006 Netherlands



Community Pharmacy

77 27.5 3.9 196 Unstated 8.7 Medical and medication record

Yes

Self developed

Welch et al. [260] 2009 USA





Yes












Self developed

Westerlund et al.[261] 2001 Sweden



Unstated 32.3 1 Unstated Unstated Unstated Interview Yes

Self developed

Witry et al. [262] 2011 USA



58.9 31.9 2.6 91 Unstated 4.8 Medication record and Interview

No

Self developed

Yussuf and Tayo [263] 2011 Nigeria


51.8 50.3 1.4 324 Unstated Unstated (median

4)

Medication record

Unstated

Self developed

Zaidi et al. [264] 2003 Malaysia




Unstated

Self developed

Zargarzadeh et al.[265] 2007 Iran


55.4 55 0.1 1000 Unstated Unstated Medical and medication record

Unstated

SFPC [110] Charpiat et al. [266] 2012 France



Unstated Unstated Unstated Medication record

Unstated

SFPC [110] Prot-Labarthe et al. [267] 2013 France, Canada, Switzerland, Belgium



Unstated (median

1.7)


Yes

Spanish [268]

Arias and Santamaria-Lopez [269] 2008 Spain


Unstated 29 4.2 36 Unstated Unstated Medication record and Interview

Unstated












Strand/Hepler and Strand [114] [115]

Agness et al. [270] 2011 USA

Descriptive 8 problem Community 80.5 28 1 53 5.5 10.4 Interview Yes


Al-Arifi et al. [271] 2013 Saudi Arabia


Unstated (median

51)

53.3 0.3 300 Unstated 6.2 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated


Al-Olah and Al Thiab [272] 2008 Saudi Arabia


Unstated 57.3 0.2 557 Unstated Unstated Unstated Yes


Easton et al.[273] 2004 Australia



2933 Unstated 2 Medical and medication record

Unstated


Easton-Carter et al.[274] 2003 Australia



8601 Unstated 1.7 Medical and medication record

Unstated













MacKinnon et al. [275] 2007 Canada


8 problem Community Unstated 30.3 1.9 99 Unstated Unstated Interview Unstated


Nickerson et al.[276] 2005 Canada


8 problem Discharge 67.3 31 3.6 134 3.5 6.94 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated


Ong et al.[277] 2006 Canada



Unstated


Raybardhan et al. [278] 2005 Canada




Yes


Rogers et al. [279] 2009 UK



409 3.2 5 Medication and medical record and interview

Unstated













Sellors et al.[280] 2003 Canada




Yes


Singh et al. [281] 2011 India




Unstated

Westerlund [4]

Ax et al. [282] 2010 Sweden





Yes

Westerlund [4]

Ellitt et al. [283] 2010 Australia


13 problem Discharge 66 52.6 5.6 71 4.7 10.8 Medication and medical record and interview

Yes

Westerlund [4]

Paulino et.al.[284] 2004 Europe



59.1 56.8 1 435 Unstated 4.8 Interview No

Westerlund [4]

Westerlund et al. [285] 2008 Sweden

Descriptive 13 problem Community 17 43.7 Unstated/unable to calculate

Unstated Unstated Unstated Prescription

Not applicable

Westerlund [4]

Westerlund et al. [286] 2009 Sweden



Unstated 36 Unstated/unable to calculate

89 Unstated Unstated Interview Unstated

Westerlund Westerlund et Descriptive 12 problem Community Unstated Unstated Unstated/ Unstated Unstated Unstated Medicatio Unstated












[4] al. [287] 2013 Sweden

Retrospective Pharmacy unable to calculate

n record and Interview

1 Healthcare settings - medical or outpatient clinics, hospital inpatients, community settings (such as retirement communities, senior citizen centres and assisted living communities), patients at the time of discharge from hospital, community pharmacy patients, patients attending hospital emergency departments or intensive care units, aged care facility patients, patients receiving Home Medicine Reviews, and drug information centres2 Sources of data used to identify DRPs and their causes - prescriptions and/or medical records [consisting of diagnoses, progress notes and pathology results, with or without drug lists] and/or drug records [drug charts or pharmacy records] and/or patient/carer interview

References (which include Tables 1 and 2 from the Review)

1 Ruths S, Viktil KK, Blix HS (2007) Classification of drug-related problems. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 127: 3073-3076

2 Williams M, Peterson GM, Tenni PC, Bindoff IK, Curtain C, Hughes J, Bereznicki LRE, Jackson SL, Kong DCM, Hughes JD (2011) Drug-related problems detected in Australian Community Pharmacies: The PROMISe trial. Ann Pharmacother 45: 1067-1076

3 Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Foundation (2010) Classification for drug related problems V6.2 http://www.pcne.org/sig/drp/documents/PCNE%20classification%20V6-2.pdf. Accessed 10 Jan 2014.

4 Westerlund T, Almarsdottir AB, Melander A (1999) Drug-related problems and pharmacy interventions in community pharmacy. Int J Pharm Pract 7: 40-50

5 Hohmann C, Eickhoff C, Klotz JM, Schulz M, Radziwill R (2012) Development of a classification system for drug-related problems in the hospital setting (APS-Doc) and assessment of the inter-rater reliability. J Clin Pharm Ther 37: 276-281

6 Hohmann C, Neumann-Haefelin T, Klotz JM, Freidank A, Radziwill R (2012) Drug-related problems in patients with ischemic stroke in hospital. Int J Clin Pharm 34: 828-831

7 Cipolle RJ, Strand LM, Morley PC (1998) Pharmaceutical Care Practice. New York. McGraw-Hill. 8 de Oliveira DR, Brummel AR, Miller DB (2010) Medication therapy management: 10 years of

experience in a large integrated health care system J Manag Care Pharm 16: 185-1959 de Sa Borges AP, Guidoni CM, Ferreira LD, de Freitas O, Pereira LRL (2010) The pharmaceutical

care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharm World Sci 32: 730-73610 Gillespie U, Alassaad A, Henrohn D, Garmo H, Hammarlund-Udenaes M, Toss H, Kettis-Lindblad

A, Melhus H, Morlin C (2009) A comprehensive pharmacist intervention to reduce morbidity in patients 80 years or older. Arch Intern Med 169: 894-900

11 Hall DL, Pater KS (2011) Implementation of a medication therapy management program in a hospital-based outpatient pharmacy. Hosp Pharm 46: 512-518

12 Harris IM, Westberg SM, Frakes MJ, Van Vooren JS (2009) Outcomes of medication therapy review in a family medicine clinic. J Am Pharm Assoc 49: 623-627

13 Harrison JJ, Wang J, Cervenko J, Jackson L, Munyal D, Hamamdi B, Chernenko S, Dorosz J, Chaparro C, Singer LG (2012) Pilot study of a pharmaceutical care intervention in an outpatient lung transplant clinic Clin Transplant 26: E149-E157

14 Isetts BJ, Brown LM, Schondelmeyer SW, Lenarz LA (2003) Quality assessment of a collaborative approach for decreasing drug-related morbidity and achieving therapeutic goals. Arch Intern Med 163: 1813-1820

15 Isetts BJ, Schondelmeyer SW, Artz MB, Lenarz LA, Heaton AH, Wadd WB, Brown LM, Cipolle RJ (2008) Clinical and economic outcomes of medication therapy management services: the Minnesota experience. J Am Pharm Assoc 48: 203-211

16 Isetts BJ, Brummel AR, Ramalho de Oliveira D, Moen DW (2012) Managing drug-related morbidity and mortality in the patient-centered medical home. Med Care 50: 997-1001

17 Mekonnen AB, Yesuf EA, Odegard PS, Wega SS (2013) Implementing ward based clinical pharmay services in an Ethiopian University Hospital. Pharmacy Practice 11: 51-57

18 Milos V, Rekman E, Bondesson A, Eriksson T, Jakobsson U, Westerlund T, Midlov P (2013) Improving the quality of pharmacotherapy in elderly primary care patients through medication reviews: A randomised controlled trial. Drugs Aging 30: 235-246

19 Nicholas A, Divine H, Nowak-Rapp M, Roberts KB (2007) University and college of pharmacy collaboration to control health plan prescription drug costs. J Am Pharm Assoc 47: 86-92

20 Ross LA, Bloodworth LS (2012) Patient-centered health care using pharmacist-delivered medication therapy management in rural Mississippi. J Am Pharm Assoc 52: 802-809

21 Strand LM, Cipolle RJ, Morley PC, Frakes MJ (2004) The impact of pharmaceutical care practice on the practitioner and the patient in the ambulatory practice setting: twenty-five years of experience. Curr Pharm Des 10: 3987-4001

http://www.pcne.org/sig/drp/documents/PCNE%20classification%20V6-2.pdf

22 Stratton TP, Cernohous T, Hager K, Bumgardner M, Traynor A, Worley MM, Isetts BJ, Larson T, Seifert R (2012) College of pharmacy-based medication therapy management program for a university system. J Am Pharm Assoc 52: 653-660

23 Wermeille J, Bennie M, Brown I, McKnight J (2004) Pharmaceutical care model for patients with type 2 diabetes: integration of the community pharmacist into the diabetes team - a pilot study. Pharm World Sci 26: 18-25

24 Westberg SM, Sorensen TD (2005) Pharmacy-related health disparities experienced by non-English-speaking patients: Impact of pharmaceutical care J Am Pharm Assoc 45: 48-54

25 Hussainy SY, Box M, Scholes S (2011) Piloting the role of a pharmacist in a community palliative care multidisciplinary team: an Australian experience BMC Palliative Care

10: 1-1226 Williams M, Peterson GM, Tenni PC, Bindoff IK, Stafford AC (2012) DOCUMENT: a system for

classifying drug-related problems in community pharmacy. Int J Clin Pharm 34: 43-5227 Comite de Consenso (2002) Second consensus of Granada on drug therapy problems. Ars

Pharmaceutica 2002; 43: 179-187 www.ugr.es/~ars/abstract/43-179-02.pdf. Accessed 5 Mar 2014. 28 Armando PD, Semeria N, Itenllado M, Sola N (2001) Dader program in Argentina: Results of the

first trimester activities. Pharm Care Esp 3: 196-20329 Baena MI, Faus MJ, Fajardo PC, Luque FM, Sierra F, Martinez-Olmos J, Cabrera A, Fernandez-

Llimos F, Martinez-Martinez F, Jimenez J, Zarzuelo A (2006) Medicine-related problems resulting in emergency department visits. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 62: 387-393

30 Barbero Gonzalez JA (2001) Detection of drug-related problems in the community pharmacy: registered users versus non-registered users. Pharm Care Esp 3: 204-215

31 Barris D, Faus MJ (2003) An initiation in Dader methodology in the pharmacotherapeutic monitoring in a community pharmacy. Ars Pharm 44: 225-237

32 Castro I, Guardiola JM, Tuneu L, Sala ML, Faus MJ, Mangues MA (2013) Drug-related visits to the emergency department in a Spanish university hospital. Int J Clin Pharm 35: 727-735

33 Costa S, Santos C, Madeira A, Santos MR, Santos R (2004) Using two different classifications of drug related problems in community pharmacies - the Portugese experience Seguim Farmacoter 2: 267-285

34 de Almeida Nascimento Y, da Silva Carvalho W, de Assis Acurcio F (2011) Evaluation of a pharmaceutical care service in Belo Horizonte (Brazil) focusing on the process and clinical results. Lat Am J Pharm 30: 1109-1116

35 de Almeida Nascimento Y, da Silva Carvalho W, de Assis Acurcio F (2009) Drug-related problems observed in a pharmaceutical care service, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Braz J Pharm Sci 45: 321-330

36 Escutia Gutierrez R, Cortez Alvarez CR, Alvarez Alvarez RM, Flores Hernandez JLV, Gutierrez Godinez J, Lopez Y Lopez JG (2007) Pharmaceutical services in a Mexican pain relief and palliative care institute Pharmacy Practice 5: 174-178

37 Fornos JA, Andres NF, Andres JC, Guerra MM, Egea B (2006) A pharmacotherapy follow-up program in patients with type-2 diabetes in community pharmacies in Spain. Pharm World Sci 28: 65-72

38 Garcao JA, Cabrita J (2002) Evaluation of a pharmaceutical care program for hypertensive patients in rural Portugal. J Am Pharm Assoc 42: 858-864

39 Garcia Cuadevilla M, Garcia Jimenez E, Tena M, Urbon A (2002) Drug therapy follow up in pharmacies, by the Aragon officials pharmacists association (1). The implementation of the Dader method. Pharm Care Esp 4: 231-241

40 Niquille A, Bugnon O (2010) Relationship between drug-related problems and health outcomes: a cross-sectional study among cardiovascular patients. Pharm World Sci 32: 512-519

41 Krska J, Jamieson D, Arris F, McGuire AJ, Abbott S, Hansford D, Cromarty JA (2002) A classification system for issues identified in pharmaceutical care practice. Int J Pharm Pract 10: 91-100

42 AbuRuz SM, Bulatova NR, Yousef AM (2006) Validation of a comprehensive classification tool for treatment-related problems. Pharm World Sci 28: 222-232

43 AbuRuz SM, Bulatova NR, Yousef AM, Al-Ghazawi AM, Alawwa IA, Al-Saleh A (2011) Comprehensive assessent of treatment related problems in hospitalized medicine patients in Jordan. Int J Clin Pharm 33: 501-511

http://www.ugr.es/~ars/abstract/43-179-02.pdf

44 Basheti IA, Qunaibi EA, Bulatova NR, Samara S, AbuRuz S (2013) Treatment related problems for outpatients with chronic diseases in Jordan: the value of home medication reviews. Int J Clin Pharm 35: 92-100

45 Chen TF, Hurst R (2000) A comparative study of two collaborative models for the provision of domiciliary medication review. St George medico/pharmacy project. In: ed. The University of Sydney, pp7-129.

46 Freeman CR, Cottrell WN, Kyle G, Williams ID, Nissen L (2013) An evaluation of medication review reports across different settings. Int J Clin Pharm 35: 5-13

47 Barnett MJ, Frank J, Wehring H, Newland B, VonMuenster S, Kumbera P, Halterman T, Perry PJ (2009) Analysis of pharmacist-provided medication therapy management (MTM) services in community pharmacies over 7 years. J Manag Care Pharm 15: 18-31

48 Bondesson A, Holmdahl L, Midlov P, Hoglund P, Andersson E, Eriksson T (2012) Acceptance and importance of clinical pharmacists' LIMM-based recommendations. Int J Clin Pharm 34: 272-276

49 Bondesson A, Eriksson T, Kragh A, Holmdahl L, Midlov P, Hoglund P (2013) In-hospital medication reviews reduce unidentified drug-related problems. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 69: 647-655

50 Castelino RL, Bajorek BV, Chen TF (2011) Are interventions recommended by pharmacists during Home Medicines Review evidence-based? J Eval Clin Pract 17: 104-110

51 Christensen AB, Holmbjer L, Midlov P, Hoglund P, Larsson L, Bondesson A, Eriksson T (2011) The process of identifying, solving and preventing drug related problems in the LIMM-study. Int J Clin Pharm 33: 1010-1018

52 Finkers F, Maring JG, Boersma F, Taxis K (2007) A study of medication reviews to identify drug-related problems of polypharmacy patients in the Dutch nursing home setting. J Clin Pharm Ther 32: 469-476

53 Gilbert AL, Roughead EE, Beilby J, Mott K, Barratt JD (2002) Collaborative medication management services: improving patient care. Med J Aust 177: 189-192

54 Gisev N, Bell JS, O'Reilly CL, Rosen A, Chen TF (2010) An expert panel assessment of comprehensive medication reviews for clients of community mental health teams. Soc Psychiat Epidemiol 45: 1071-1079

55 Leendertse AJ, de Koning FHP, Goudswaard AN, Belitser SV, Verhoef M, de Gier HJ, Egberts ACG, van den Bemt PMLA (2013) Preventing hospital admissions by reviewing medication (PHARM) in primary care: an open controlled study in an elderly population. J Clin Pharm Ther 38: 379-387

56 Naunton M, Peterson GM (2003) Evaluation of home-based follow-up of high-risk elderly patients discharged from hospital. J Pharm Pract Res 33: 176-182

57 Nishtala PS, McLachlan AJ, Bell JS, Chen TF (2011) A retrospective study of drug-related problems in Australian aged care homes: medication reviews involving pharmacists and general practitioners J Eval Clin Pract 17: 97-103

58 Rao D, Gilbert AL, Strand LM, Cipolle RJ (2007) Drug therapy problems found in ambulatory patient populations in Minnesota and South Australia. Pharmacy World & Science 29: 647-654

59 Roughead EE, Barratt JD, Gilbert AL (2004) Medication-related problems commonly occurring in an Australian community setting. Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety 13: 83-87

60 Ruths S, Straand J, Nygaard HA (2003) Multidisciplinary medication review in nursing home residents: what are the most significant drug-related problems? The Bergen district nursing home (BEDNURS) study. Qual Saf Health Care 12: 176-180

61 Samoy LJ, Zed PJ, Wilbur K, Balen RM, Abu-Laban RB, Roberts M (2006) Drug-related hospitalizations in a tertiary care internal medicine service of a Canadian hospital: A prospective study. Pharmacotherapy 26: 1578-1586

62 Scott DM, Dewey MW, Johnson TA, Kessler ML, Friesner DL (2010) Preliminary evaluation of medication therapy management services in assisted living facilities in rural Minnesota. Consult Pharm 25: 305-319

63 Smith M, Giuliano MR, Starkowski MP (2011) In Connecticut: Improving patient medication management in primary care. Health Affairs 30: 646-654

64 Stuijt CCM, Franssen EJF, Egberts ACG, Hudson SA (2008) Appropriateness of prescribing among elderly patients in a Dutch residential home. Drugs Aging 25: 947-954

65 Triller DM, Clause SL, Briceland LL, Hamilton RA (2003) Resolution of drug-related problems in home care patients through a pharmacy referral service. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 60: 905-910

66 Villa LA, Von Chrismar AM, Oyarzun C, Eujenin P, Fernandez ME, Quezada M (2009) Pharmaceutical care program for dyslipidemic patients at three primary health care centers: Impacts and outcomes. Lat Am J Pharm 28: 415-420

67 Young SW, Bishop LD, Conway A (2012) Interventions performed by community pharmacists in one Canadian province: a cross-sectional study. Ther Clin Risk Manag 8: 415-421

68 Zaal RJ, Jansen MMPM, Duisenberg-van Essenberg M, Tijssen CC, Roukema JA, Van Den Bemt PMLA (2013) Identification of drug-related problems by a clinical pharmacist in addition to computerised alerts. Int J Clin Pharm 35: 753-762

69 Jones M, Whitehead P (2004) Classifying the process of medication management review. Pharm Educ 4: 213

70 Bell JS, Whitehead P, Aslani P, McLachlan AJ, Chen TF (2006) Drug-related problems in the community setting: pharmacists findings and recommendations for people with mental illnesses. Clin Drug Invest 26 (7): 415-425

71 Kwint H-F, Faber A, Gussekloo J, Bouvy ML (2011) Effects of Medication Review on Drug-Related Problems in Patients Using Automated Drug-Dispensing Systems. Drugs & Aging 28 (4): 305-314

72 Kwint H-F, Gussekloo J, Bouvy ML (2012) The contribution of patient interviews to the identification of drug-related problems in home medication review. J Clin Pharm Ther 37: 674-680

73 Stafford AC, Tenni PC, Peterson GM, Jackson SL, Hejlesen A, Villesen C, Rasmussen M (2009) Drug-related problems identified in medication reviews by Australian pharmacists. Pharm World Sci 31: 216-223

74 Stafford L, Stafford A, Hughes J, Angley M, Bereznicki L, Peterson G (2011) Drug-related problems identified in post-discharge medication reviews for patients taking warfarin. Int J Clin Pharm 33: 612-626

75 Tenni P, Stafford A, Peterson G, Jackson SL (2007) A comparison of drug related problems identified in RMMRs and HMRs. Aust Pharm 26: 414-420

76 de Oliveira MPF, Novaes MRCG (2011) Drug-related problems in institutionalised elderly in Brazilia, Brazil. Biomedicine and Aging Pathology 1: 179-184

77 Gastelurrutia P, Benrimoj SI, Espejo J, Tuneu L, Mangues MA, Bayes-Genis A (2011) Negative clinical outcomes associated with drug-related problems in heart failure (HF) outpatients: Impact of a pharmacist in a multidisciplinary HF clinic. J Cardiac Fail 17: 217-223

78 Gomez MA, Villafaina A, Hernandez J, Salgado RM, Gonzalez MA, Rodriguez J, de la Concha MM, Tarrino A, Gervasini G, Carrillo JA (2009) Promoting appropriate drug use through the application of the Spanish drug-related problem classification system in the primary care setting. Ann Pharmacother 43: 339-346

79 Martinez-Lopez I, Do-Pazo-Oubina F, Lozano-Vilardell P (2011) Comprehensive pharmaceutical care in a vascular surgery department. Farm Hosp 35: 260-263

80 Lopez MAP, Saliente MTA, Company ES, Monsalve AG, Cueva MA, Domingo EA, Hernandez MM, Carrion CC, Marti MC, Querejeta NB, Blasco JB, Mila AR (2010) Drug-related problems at discharge: results on the Spanish pharmacy discharge programme CONSULTENOS. Int J Pharm Pract 18: 297-304

81 Crisp GD, Burkhart JI, Esserman DA, Weinberger M, Roth MT (2011) Development and testing of a tool for assessing and resolving medication-related problems in older adults in an ambulatory care setting: The individualised Medication Assessment and Planning (iMAP) tool. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 9 (6): 451-460

82 Roth MT, Ivey JL, Esserman DA, Crisp G, Kurz J, Weinberger M (2013) Individualised medication assessment and planning: optimizing medication use in older adults in the primary care setting. Pharmacotherapy 33: 787-797

83 Krska J, Avery AJ (2007) Evaluation of medication reviews conducted by community pharmacists: a quantitative analysis of documented issues and recommendations. Br J Clin Pharmacol 65 (3): 386-396

84 Andersson AC, Brodin H, Nilsson JLG (2003) Pharmacist interventions in relation to patient drug-related problems. J Soc Admin Pharm 20: 82-91

85 McGuire AJ, Silburn JN, Radley AS (1996) Pharmaceutical care planning in a community setting. Pharm J 257: R12

86 Krska J, Cromarty JA, Arris F, Jamieson D, Hansford D (2000) Providing pharmaceutical care using a systematic approach. Pharm J 265: 656-660

87 Krska J, Cromarty JA, Arris F, Jamieson D, Hansford D, Duffus PRS, Downie G, Seymour DG (2001) Pharmacist-led medication review in patients over 65: a randomised, controlled trial in primary care. Age and Ageing 30: 205-211

88 Davidsson M, Vibe OE, Ruths S, Blix HS (2011) A multidisciplinary approach to improve drug therapy in nursing homes. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 4: 9-13

89 Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Foundation (2003) The PCNE Classification for drug related problems V 4 http://www.pcne.org/sig/drp/documents/PCNE%20classification%20V4-00.pdf Accessed 5 Mar 2014.

90 Granas AG, Berg C, Hjellvik V, Haukereid C, Kronstad A, Blix HS, Kilhovd B, Viktil KK, Horn AM (2010) Evaluating categorisation and clinical relevance of drug-related problems in medication reviews. Pharm World Sci 32: 394-403

91 Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Foundation (2006) The PCNE Classification for drug related problems V 5.01 http://www.pcne.org/sig/drp/documents/PCNE%20classification%20V5.01.pdf. Accessed 5 Mar 2014.

92 Ahmad A, Nijpels G, Dekker JM, Kostense PJ, Hugtenburg JG (2012) Effect of a pharmacist medication review in elderly patients discharged from the hospital. Arch Intern Med 172: 1346-1347

93 Bladh L, Ottosson E, Karlsson J, Klintberg L, Wallerstedt SM (2011) Effects of a clinical pharmacist service on health-related quality of life and prescribing of drugs: a randomised controlled trial BMJ Qual Saf 20: 738-746

94 Brulhart MI, Wermeille JP (2011) Multidisciplinary medication review: evaluation of a pharmaceutical care model for nursing homes. Int J Clin Pharm 33: 549-557

95 Chan D-C, Chen J-H, Kuo H-K, We C-J, Lu I-S, Chiu L-S, Wu S-C (2012) Drug-related problems (DRPs) identified from geriatric medication safety review clinics. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 54: 168-174

96 Chan D-C, Chen J-H, Wen C-J, Chiu L-S, Wu S-C (2012) Effectiveness of the medication safety review clinics for older adults prescribed multiple medications. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association http:/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2012.04.013

97 Eichenberger PM, Lampert ML, Kahmann IV, van Mil JWF, Hersberger KE (2010) Classification of drug-related problems with new prescriptions using a modified PCNE classification system. Pharm World Sci 33: 362-372

98 Halvorsen KH, Ruths S, Granas AG, Viktil KK (2010) Multidisciplinary intervention to identify and resolve drug-related problems in Norwegian nursing homes. Scand J Prim Health Care 28: 82-88

99 Hooper R, Adam A, Kheir N (2009) Pharmacist-documented interventions during the dispensing process in a priary health care facility in Qatar. Drug Healthc Patient Saf 1: 73-80

100 Huri HZ, Wee HF (2013) Drug related problems in type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension: a cross-sectional retrospective study. www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6823/13/2. BMC Endocrine Disorders 13: 1-12

101 van Roozendaal BW, Krass I (2009) Development of an evidence-based checklist for the detection of drug related problems in type 2 diabetes. Pharm World Sci 31: 580-595

102 Hatah E, Tordoff J, Duffull SB, Braund R (2014) Pharmacists performance of clinical interventions during adherence support medication reviews. RSAP 10: 185-194

103 Schaefer M (2002) Discussing basic principles for a coding system of drug-related problems: the case of PI-Doc. Pharm World Sci 24: 120-127

104 Eickhoff C, Hammerlein A, Griese N, Schulz M (2012) Nature and frequency of drug-related problems in self-medication (over-the-counter drugs) in daily community pharmacy practice in Germany. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 21: 254-260

105 Hammerlein A, Griese N, Schulz M (2007) Survey of drug-related problems identified by community pharmacies. Ann Pharmacother 41: 1825-1832

106 Haugbolle LS, Sorensen EW (2006) Drug-related problems in patients with angina pectoris, type 2 diabetes and asthma - interviewing patients at home. Pharm World Sci 28: 239-247

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6823/13/2

http://www.pcne.org/sig/drp/documents/PCNE%20classification%20V5.01.pdf

http://www.pcne.org/sig/drp/documents/PCNE%20classification%20V4-00.pdf

107 Lewinski D, Wind S, Belgardt C, Plate V, Behles C, Schweim HG (2010) Prevalence and safety-relevance of drug-related problems in German community pharmacies. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 19: 141-149

108 Nicolas A, Eickhoff C, Griese N, Schulz M (2013) Drug-related problems in prescribed medicines in Germany at the time of dispensing. Int J Clin Pharm 35: 476-482

109 Schroder S, Martus P, Odin P, Schaefer M (2011) Drug-related problems in Parkinsons disease: the role of community pharmacists in primary care. Int J Clin Pharm 33: 674-682

110 Allenet B, Bedouch P, Rose FX, Escofier L, Roubille R, Charpiat B, Juste M, Conort O (2006) Validation of an instrument for the documentation of clinical pharmacists' interventions. Pharmacy World & Science 28: 181-188

111 Belaiche S, Romanet T, Bell R, Calop J, Allenet B, Zaoui P (2012) Pharmaceutical care in chronic kidney disease: experience at Grenoble university hospital from 2006 to 2010. J Nephrol 25: 558-565

112 Belaiche S, Romanet T, Allenet B, Calop J, Zaoui P (2012) Identification of drug-related problems in ambulatory chronic kidney disease petients: a 6-month prospective study. J Nephrol 25: 782-788

113 Stemer G, Laml-Wallner G, Kuegler I, Poelzleitner P, Messner S, Steininger S, Dolinar E, Zehetmayer S (2012) Comprehensive evaluation of clinical pharmacists' interventions in a large Austrian tertiary care hospital. Eur J Hosp Pharm 19: 529-534

114 Strand LM, Morley PC, Cipolle RJ, Ramsey R, Lamsam GD (1990) Drug-related problems: their structure and function. Drug Intell Clin Pharm (Ann Pharmacother) 24: 1093-1097

115 Hepler CD, Strand LM (1990) Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Am J Hosp Pharm 47: 533-543

116 Alagiriswami B, Ramesh M, Parthasarathi G, Basavanagowdappa H (2009) A study of clinical pharmacist initiated changes in drug therapy in a teaching hospital. Ind J Pharm Pract 1: 36-45

117 Alderman CP, Farmer C (2001) A brief analysis of clinical pharmacy interventions undertaken in an Australian teaching hospital. J Qual Clin Practice 21: 99-103

118 Al-Hajje AH, Atoui F, Awada S, Rachidi S, Zein S, Salameh P (2012) Drug-related problems identified by clinical pharmacists students and pharmacists interventions. Ann Pharm Fr 70: 169-176

119 Beaucage K, Lachance-Demers H, Thank-Thao Ngo T, Vachon C, Lamarre D, Guevin J-F, Martineau A, Desroches D, Brassard J, Lalonde L (2006) Telephone follow-up of patients receiving antibiotic prescriptions from community pharmacies. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 63: 557-563

120 Bednall R, McRobbie D, Hicks A (2003) Identification of medication-related attendances at an A and E department. J Clin Pharm Ther 28: 41-45

121 Bedouch P, Charpiat B, Conort O, Rose F-X, Escofier L, Juste M, Roubille R, Allenet B (2008) Assessment of clinical pharmacists interventions in French hospitals: results of a multicenter study. Ann Pharmacother 42: 1095-1103

122 Bedouch P, Allenet B, Grass A, Labarere J, Brudieu E, Bosson J-L, Calop J (2009) Drug-related problems in medical wards with a computerised physician order entry system. J Clin Pharm Ther 34: 187-195

123 Bedouch P, Tessier A, Baudrant M, Labarere J, Foroni L, Calop J, Bosson J-L, Allenet B (2012) Computerised physician order entry system combined with on-ward pharmacist: analysis of pharmacists interventions. J Eval Clin Pract 18: 911-918

124 Blakey SA, Hixson-Wallace JA (2000) Clinical and economic effects of pharmacy services in a geriatric ambulatory clinic. Pharmacotherapy 20: 1198-1203

125 Blix HS, Viktil KK, Reikvam A, Moger TA, Hjemaas BJ, Pretsch P, Vraalsen TF, Walseth EK (2004) The majority of hospitalised patients have drug-related problems: results from a prospective study in general hospitals. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 60: 651-658

126 Blix HS, Viktil KK, Moger TA, Reikvam A (2008) Risk of drug-related problems for various antibiotics in hospital: assessment by use of a novel method. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 17: 834-841

127 Blix HS, Viktil KK, Moger TA, Reikvam A (2006) Characteristics of drug-related problems discussed by hospital pharmacists in multidisciplinary teams. Pharm World Sci 28: 152-158

128 Burkiewicz JS, Sweeney BI (2006) Medication reviews in senior community housing centers. Consult Pharm 21: 715-718

129 Castelino RL, Sathvik BS, Parthasarathi G, Gurudev KC, Shetty MS, Narahari MG (2011) Prevalence of medication-related problems among patients with renal compromise in an Indian hospital. J Clin Pharm Ther 36: 481-487

130 Celin AT, Seuma J, Ramesh A (2012) Assessment of drug-related problems in stroke patients admitted to a South Indian tertiary care teaching hospital. Ind J Pharm Pract 5: 28-33

131 Chisholm MA, Vollenweider LJ, Mulloy LL, Jagadeesan M, Wade WE, DiPiro JT (2000) Direct patient care services provided by a pharmacist on a multidisciplinary renal transplant team. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 57: 1994-1996

132 Doucette WR, McDonough RP, Klepser D, McCarthy R (2005) Comprehensive medication therapy management: Identifying and resolving drug-related issues in a community pharmacy. Clin Ther 27: 1104-1111

133 Elliott RA, Woodward MC (2011) Medication-related problems in patients referred to aged care and memory clinics at a tertiary care hospital. Australas J Ageing 30 (3): 124-129

134 Ellis SL, Billups SJ, Malone DC, Carter BL, Covey D, Mason B, Jue S, Carmichael J, Guthrie K, Sintek CD, Dombrowski R, Geraets DR, Amato M (2000) Types of interventions made by clinical pharmacists in the IMPROVE study. Pharmacotherapy 20: 429-435

135 Emmerton L, Shaw J, Kheir N (2003) Asthma management by New Zealand pharmacists: a pharmaceutical care demonstration project. J Clin Pharm Ther 28: 395-402

136 Ernst ME, Doucette WR, Dedhiya SD, Osterhaus MC, Kumbera PA, Osterhaus JT, Townsend RJ (2001) Use of point-of-sale health status assessments by community pharmacists to identify and resolve drug-related problems in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Pharmacotherapy 21: 988-997

137 Ernst ME, Iyer SS, Doucette WR (2003) Drug-related problems and quality of life in arthritis and low back pain sufferers. Value in Health 1: 51-58

138 Grymonpre RE, Williamson DA, Montgomery PR (2001) Impact of a pharmaceutical care model for non-institutionalised elderly: results of a randomised, controlled trial. Int J Pharm Pract 9: 235-241

139 Hohl CM, Zed PJ, Brubacher JR, Abu-Laban RB, Loewen PS, Purssell RA (2010) Do emergency physicians attribute drug-related emergency department visits to medication-related problems? Ann Emerg Med 55: 493-502

140 Joseph J, Ramesh M, Harugeri A, Parthasarathi G, Basavanagowdappa H (2010) Frequency and nature of medication-related problems in elderly Indian inpatients. J Pharm Pract Res 40: 279-283

141 Kassam R, Farris KB, Burback L, Volume CI, Cox CE, Cave A (2001) Pharmaceutial care research and education project: pharmacists interventions. J Am Pharm Assoc 41: 401-410

142 Kaur S, Roberts JA, Roberts MS (2012) Evaluation of medication-related problems in medication reviews: A comparative perspective. Ann Pharmacother 46: 972-982

143 Khdour MR, Jarab AS, Adas HO, Samaro EZ, Mukattash TL, Hallak HO (2012) Identification of drug-related problems: A prospective study in two general hospitals. Curr Clin Pharmacol 7: 276-281

144 Laaksonen R, Duggan C, Bates I (2010) Performance of community pharmacists in providing clinical medication reviews Ann Pharmacother 44: 1181-1190

145 Lucca JM, Ramesh M, Narahari GM, Minaz M (2012) Impact of clinical pharmacist interventions on the cost of drug therapy in intensive care units of a tertiary care teaching hospital. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 3: 242-247

146 Manley HJ, McClaran ML, Overbay DK, Wright MA, Reid GM, Bender WL, Neufeld TK, Hebbar S, Muther RS (2003) Factors associated with medication-related problems in ambulatory hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 41: 386-393

147 Manley HJ, Drayer DK, Muther RS (2003) Medication-related problem type and appearance rate in ambulatory hemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrology 4: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2369/1474/1410

148 Manley HJ, Drayer DK, McClaran M, Bender W, Muther RS (2003) Drug record discrepancies in an outpatient electronic medical record: frequency, type, and potential impact on patient care at a hemodialysis center. Pharmacotherapy 23: 231-239

149 McDonough RP, Doucette WR (2003) Drug therapy management: an empirical report of drug therapy problems, pharmacists interventions, and results of pharmacists actions. J Am Pharm Assoc 43: 511-518



150 Midlov P, Bondesson A, Eriksson T, Petersson J, Minthon L, Hoglund P (2002) Descriptive study and pharmacotherapeutic intervention in patients with epilepsy or Parkinsons disease at nursing homes in southern Sweden. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 57: 903-910

151 Mirkov SR, Ball PA (2003) Design and pilot of a medication review clinic in a dialysis centre. J Pharm Pract Res 33: 199-203

152 Mirkov S (2009) Implementation of a pharmacist medication review clinic for haemodialysis patients N Z Med J 122: 25-37

153 Mortimer C, Emmerton L, Lum E (2011) The impact of an aged care pharmacist in a department of emergency medicine. J Eval Clin Pract 17: 478-485

154 Osterhaus JT, Dedhiya SD, Ernst ME, Osterhaus M, Mehta SS, Townsend RJ (2002) Health outcomes assessment in community pharmacy practices: A feasibility project. Arthritis and Rheumatism 47: 124-131

155 Pai AB, Boyd A, Chavez A, Manley HJ (2009) Health-related quality of life is maintained in hemodialysis patients receiving pharmaceutical care: a 2-year randomised, controlled study. Hemodialysis International 13: 72-79

156 Pai AB, Boyd A, Depczynski J, Chavez IM, Khan N, Manley H (2009) Reduced drug use and hospitalization rates in patients undergoing hemodialysis who received pharmaceutical care: A 2-year, randomised, controlled study. Pharmacotherapy 29: 1433-1440

157 Parthasarathi G, Ramesh M, Kumar JK, Madaki S (2003) Assessment of drug-related problems and clinical pharmacists interventions in an Indian teaching hospital. J Pharm Pract Res 33: 272-274

158 Patel HR, Pruchnicki MC, Hall LE (2005) Assessment for chronic kidney disease service in high-risk patients at community health clinics. Ann Pharmacother 39: 22-27

159 Prot-Labarthe S, Therrien R, Demanche C, Larocque D, Bussieres J-F (2008) Pharmaceutical care in an inpatient pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant service. J Oncol Pharm Practice 14: 147-152

160 Repp KL, Hayes C, Woods M, Allen KB, Kennedy K, Borkon MA (2012) Drug-related problems and hospital admissions in cardiac transplant recipients. Ann Pharmacother 46: 1299-1307

161 Schrecengost-Kibbey MA, Ptachcinski RJ, Tuttle AL, McKaveney TP (2002) Impact of pharmacist home visits on drug therapy. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 59: 1293-1294

162 Sorensen L, Stokes JA, Purdie DM, Woodward MC, Elliott RA, Roberts MS (2004) Medication reviews in the community: results of a randomised, controlled effectiveness trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol 58 (6): 648-664

163 Stell R, Bonollo M, Fiddes K, Dooley MJ (2008) Successful integration of a clinical pharmacist into a disease management unit. J Pharm Pract Res 38: 132-136

164 Titley-Lake C, Barber N (2000) Drug-related problems in the elders of the British Virgin Islands. Int J Pharm Pract 8: 53-59

165 Viktil KK, Blix HS, Reikvam A, Moger TA, Hjemaas BJ, Walseth EK, Vraalsen TF, Pretsch P, Jorgensen F (2004) Comparison of drug-related problems in different patient groups. Ann Pharmacother 38: 942-948

166 Viktil KK, Blix HS, Moger TA, Reikvam A (2006) Interview of patients by pharmacists contributes significantly to the identification of drug-related problems (DRPs). Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 15: 667-674

167 Viktil KK, Blix HS, Moger TA, Reikvam A (2006) Polypharmacy as commonly defined is an indicator of limited value in the assessment of drug-related problems. Br J Clin Pharmacol 63: 187-195

168 Wang HY, Chan ALF, Chen MT, Liao CH, Tian YF (2008) Effects of pharmaceutical care intervention by clinical pharmacists in renal transplant clinics. Transplant Proc 40: 2319-2323

169 Yeoh TT, Si P, Chew L (2013) The impact of medication therapy management in older oncology patients. Support Care Cancer 21: 1287-1293

170 Zed PJ, Riyad B, Abu-Laban RB, Balen RM, Loewen PS, Hohl CM, Brubacher JR, Wilbur K, Weins MO, Samoy LJ, Lacaria K, Purssell RA (2008) Incidence, severity and preventability of medication-related visits to the emergency department: a prospective study. CMAJ 178: 1563-1569

171 Tomechko MA, Strand LM, Morley PC, Cipolle RJ (1995) Q and A from the pharmaceutical care project in Minnesota. Am Pharm NS35: 30-39

172 Becker C, Bjornson DC, Kuhle JW (2004) Pharmacist care plans and documentation of follow-up before the Iowa pharmaceutical case management program. J Am Pharm Assoc 44: 350-357

173 Van Den Bemt PMLA, Egberts ACG (2002) Bijwerkingen en medicatiefouten systematisch ingedeeld. Pharmaceutisch Weekblad 137: 1540-1543

174 Bulsink A, Imholz ALT, Brouwers JRBJ, Jansman FGA (2013) Characteristics of potential drug-related problems among oncology patients. Int J Clin Pharm 35: 401-407

175 Montgomery AT, Kalvemark-Sporrong S, Tully P, Kettis-Lindblad A (2008) Follow-up of patients receiving a pharmaceutical care service in Sweden. J Clin Pharm Ther 33: 653-662

176 Willoch K, Blix HS, Pederson-Bjergaard AM, Eek AK, Reikvam A (2012) Handling drug-related problems in rehabilitation patients: a randomized study. Int J Clin Pharm 34: 382-388

177 Lampert ML, Kraehenbuehl S, Hug BL (2008) Drug-related problems: evaluation of a classification system in the daily practice of a Swiss university hospital Pharm World Sci 30: 768-776

178 Leikola S, Virolainen J, Tuomainen L, Tuominen RK, Airaksinen MSA (2012) Comprehensive medication reviews for elderly patients: fndings and recommendations to physicians. J Am Pharm Assoc 52: 630-633

179 Mannheimer B, Ulfvarson J, Eklof S, Bergqvist M, Andersen-Karlsson E, Pettersson H, von Bahr C (2006) Drug-related problems and pharmacotherapeutic advisory intervention at a medicine clinic. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 62: 1075-1081

180 Nickel CH, Ruedinger JM, Messmer AS, Maile S, Peng A, Bodmer M, Kressig RW, Kraehenbuehl S, Bingisser R (2013) Drug-related emergency department visits by elderly patients presenting with non-specific complaints. http://www.sjtrem.com/content/21/1/15 SJTREM 21: 1-9

181 Rashed AS, Neubert A, Alhamdan H, Tomlin S, Alazmi A, Al Shaikh A, Wilton L, Wong ICK (2013) Drug-related problems found in children attending an emergency department in Saudi Arabia and in the United Kingdom. Int J Clin Pharm 35: 327-331

182 Rashed AS, Neubert A, Tomlin S, Jackman J, Alhamdan H, AlShaikh A, Attar A, Aseeri M, Wilton L, Wong ICK (2012) Epidemiology and potential associated risk factors of drug-related problems in hospitalised children in the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol Published online 30 May 2012 DOI 10.1007/s00228-012-1302-x

183 Touchette DR, Massica AL, Dolor RJ, Schumock GT, Choi YK, Kinm Y, Smith SR (2012) Safety-focused medication therapy management: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Pharm Assoc 52: 603-612

184 Taegtmeyer AB, Curkovic I, Rufibach K, Corti N, Battegay E, Kullak-Ublick GA (2011) Electronic prescribing increases uptake of clinical pharmacologists recommendations in the hospital setting. Br J Clin Pharmacol 72: 958-964

185 Taegtmeyer AB, Curkovic I, Corti N, Rosen A, Egbring M, Russmann S, Gantenbein AR, Weller M, Kullak-Ublick GA (2012) Drug-related problems and factors influencing acceptance of clinical pharmacologists' alerts in a large cohort of neurology inpatients. Swiss Med Wkly 142: w13615

186 Abdelhalim D, Mohundro BL, Evans JD (2011) Role of student pharmacists in the identification and prevention of medication-related problems. J Am Pharm Assoc 51: 627-630

187 Al-Jazairi AS, Al-Agil AA, Asiri YA, Al-kholi TA, Akhras NS, Horanieh BK (2008) The impact of clinical pharmacist in a cardiac-surgery intensive care unit. Saudi Med J 29: 277-281

188 Andreazza RS, De Castro MS, Koche PS, Heineck I (2011) Causes of drug-related problems in the emergency room of a hospital in southern Brazil. Gac Sanit 25: 501-506

189 Austwick EA, Brown LC, Goodyear KH, Brooks DJ (2002) Pharmacists input into a palliative care clinic. Pharm J 268: 404-406

190 Bergqvist M, Ulfvarson J, Karlsson EA, Von Bahr C (2008) A nurse-led intervention for identification of drug-related problems. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 64: 451-456

191 Bergqvist M, Ulfvarson J, Karlsson EA (2009) Nurse-led medication reviews and the quality of drug treatment of elderly hospitalized patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 65: 1089-1096

192 Bosse N, Machado M, Mistry A (2012) Efficacy of an over-the-counter intervention follow-up program in community pharmacies. J Am Pharm Assoc 52: 535-540

193 Bourne RS, Dorward BJ (2011) Clinical pharmacist interventions on a UK neurosurgical critical care unit: a 2-week service evaluation. Int J Clin Pharm 33: 755-758

194 Bremberg ER, Hising C, Nylen C, Ehrsson H, Eksborg S (2006) An evaluation of pharmacist contribution to an oncology ward in a Swedish hospital. J Oncol Pharm Practice 12: 75-81

http://www.sjtrem.com/content/21/1/15

195 Christensen DB, Roth MT, Trygstad T, Byrd J (2007) Evaluation of a pilot medication therapy management project within the North Carolina state health plan. J Am Pharm Assoc 47: 471-483

196 Claydon-Platt K, Manias E, Dunning T (2012) Medication-related problems occurring in people with diabetes during an admission to an adult teaching hospital: a retrospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 97: 223-230

197 Delate T, Chester EA, Stubbings TW, Barnes CA (2008) Clinical outcomes of a home-based medication reconciliation program after discharge from a skilled nursing facility. Pharmacotherapy 28: 444-452

198 Dhabali AAH, Awang R, Hamdan Z, Zyoud SH (2012) Association between the prescribing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the potential prescription-related problems in a primary care setting. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 50: 851-861

199 Eichenberger PM, Haschke M, Lampert ML, Hersberger KE (2011) Drug-related problems in diabetes and transplant patients: an observational study with home visits. Int J Clin Pharm 33: 815-823

200 Elliott RA, Martinac G, Campbell S, Thorn J, Woodward MC (2012) Pharmacist-led medication review to identify medication-related problems in older people referred to an aged care assessment team. A randomiized comparative study. Drugs & Aging 29 (7): 593-605

201 Farrell B, Szeto W, Shamji S (2011) Drug-related problems in the frail elderly. Can Fam Physician 57: 168-169

202 Farris KB, Ganther-Urmie JM, Fang G, doucette WR, Brooks JM, Klepser DG, Fries DJ, Kuhle CL (2004) Population-based medication reviews: A descriptive analysis of the medication issues identified in a Medicare not-for-profit prescription discount program. Ann Pharmacother 38: 1823-1829

203 Fejzic JB, Tett SE (2004) Medication management reviews for people from the former Yugoslavia now resident in Australia. Pharm World Sci 26: 271-276

204 Foisy MM, Akai PS (2004) Pharmaceutical care for HIV patients on directly observed therapy. Ann Pharmacother 38: 550-556

205 Furniss L, Burns A, Craig SKL, Scobie S, Cooke J, Faragher B (2000) Effects of a pharmacists medication review in nursing homes:Randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 176: 563-567

206 Ganachari MS, Mahendra-Kumar BJ, Wali SC, Fibin M (2010) Assessment of drug therapy interventions by clinical pharmacist in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Pharm Pract 3: 22-28

207 Gordon KJ, Smith FJ, Dhillon S (2005) The development and validation of a screening tool for the identification of patients experiencing medication-related problems. Int J Pharm Pract 13: 187-193

208 Haley M, Raymond C, Nishi C, Bohm E (2009) Drug-related problems in patients undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty of the hip or knee. Can J Hosp Pharm 62: 360-366

209 Hata M, Klotz R, Sylvies R, Hess K, Schwartzmann E, Scott J, Law AV (2012) Medication therapy management services provided by student pharmacists. Am J Pharm Educ 76 Article 51: 1-6

210 Herborg H, Soendergaard B, Froekjaer B, Fonnesbaek L, Jorgensen T, Hepler CD, Grainger-Rousseau T-J, Ersboell BK (2001) Improving drug therapy for patients with asthma - Part 1: Patient Outcomes. J Am Pharm Assoc 41: 539-550

211 Hugtenburg JG, Blom ATG, Gopie CTW, Beckeringh JJ (2004) Communicating with patients the second time they present their prescription at the pharmacy. Pharm World Sci 2004 (26): 328-332

212 Imberg AJ, Swanoski MT, Renier CM, Sorensen TD (2012) Maximizing medication therapy management services through a referral initiative. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 69: 1234-1239

213 Kimland E, Bergman U, Lindemalm S, Bottiger Y (2007) Drug related problems and off-label drug treatment in children as seen at a drug information centre. Eur J Pediatr 166: 527-532

214 Koh Y, Kutty FBM, Li SC (2003) Therapy related hospital admission in patients on polypharmacy in Singapore: a pilot study. Pharm World Sci 25: 135-137

215 Koh Y, Kutty FBM, Li SC (2005) Drug-related problems in hospitalized patients on polypharmacy: the influence of age and gender. Ther Clin Risk Manag 1: 39-48

216 Krahenbuhl J-M, Kremer B, Guignard B, Bugnon O (2008) Practical evaluation of the drug-related problem management process in Swiss community pharmacies. Pharm World Sci 30: 777-786

217 Krahenbuhl J-M, Decollogny A, Bugnon O (2008) Using the costs of drug therapy to screen patients for a community pharmacy-based medication review program. Pharm World Sci 30: 816-822

218 Krass I, Smith C (2000) Impact of medication regimen reviews performed by community pharmacists for ambulatory patients through liaison with general medical practitioners. Int J Pharm Pract 8: 111-120

219 Krska J, Ross SM, Watts M (2005) Medication reviews provided by general medical practitioners (GPs) and nurses: an evaluation of their quality. Int J Pharm Pract 13: 77-84

220 LaFleur J, McBeth C, Gunning K, Oberda L, Steinvoort C, Oberda GM (2006) Prevalence of drug-related problems and cost-savings opportunities in Medicaid high utilizers identified by a pharmacist-run drug regimen review center. J Manag Care Pharm 12: 677-685

221 Lam A (2011) Practice innovations: delivering medication therapy management services via videoconferencing interviews. Consult Pharm 26: 764-773

222 Langebrake C, Hilgarth H (2010) Clinical pharmacists interventions in a German university hospital. Pharm World Sci 32: 194-199

223 Lee J, McPherson ML (2006) Outcomes of recommendations by hospice pharmacists. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 63: 2235-2239

224 Leonor OLI, Ernesto VRM (2012) Drug related problems associated with the psychoactive drugs used on geriatric, hospitalized patients. Braz J Pharm Sci 48: 453-460

225 Lindell-Osuagwu L, Sepponen K, Farooqui S, Kokki H, Hameen-Anttila K, Vainio K (2013) Parental reporting of adverse drug events and other drug-related problems in children in Finland. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 69: 985-994

226 Maxwell K, Harrison J, Scahill S, Braund R (2013) Identifying drug-related problems during transition between secondary and primary care in New Zealand. Int J Pharm Pract 21: 333-336

227 McGivney MS, Hall DL, Stoehr GP, Donegan TE (2011) An introductory pharmacy practice experience providing pharmaceutical care to elderly patients. Am J Pharm Educ 75: 1-9

228 McKinnon A, Jorgenson D (2009) Pharmacist and physician collaborative prescribing. Can Fam Physician 55: 86-91

229 Moczygemba LR, Goode J-VR, Gatewood SBS, Osborn RD, Alexander AJ, Kennedy AK, Stevens LP, Matzke GR (2011) Integration of collaborative medication therapy management in a safety net patient-centered medical home. J Am Pharm Assoc 51: 167-172

230 Moczygemba LR, Barner JC, Lawson KA, Brown CM, Gabrillo ER, Godley P, Johnsrud M (2011) Impact of telephone medication therapy management on medication and health-related problems, medication adherence, and Medicare part D drug costs: a 6-month follow-up Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 9: 328-338

231 Moczygemba LR, Barner JC, Gabrillo ER (2012) Outcomes of a medicare part D telephone medication therapy management program. J Am Pharm Assoc 52: e144-e152

232 Mok S, Minson Q (2008) Drug-related problems in hospitalized patients with HIV infection. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 65: 55-59

233 Nurgat ZA, Al-Jazairi AS, Abu-Shraie N, Al-Jedai A (2011) Documenting clinical pharmacist intervention before and after the introduction of a web-based tool. Int J Clin Pharm 33: 200-207

234 Ou Y-J, Huang R-D, Chen S-H, Wu H-L (2002) A survey of Pharmacists recommendation in a unit dose drug distribution system. Chinese Pharm J 54: 449-455

235 Puts MTE, Cosat-Lima B, Monette J, Girre V, Wolfson C, Batist G, Bergman H (2009) Medication problems in older, newly diagnosed cancer patients in Canada: How common are they? A prospective pilot study. Drugs Aging 26: 519-536

236 Puts MTE, Monette J, Girre V, Cosat-Lima B, Wolfson C, Batist G, Bergman H (2010) Potential medication problems in older newly diagnosed cancer patients in Canada during cancer treatment. Drugs Aging 27: 559-572

237 Ramanath KV, Nedumballi S (2012) Assessment of medication-related problems in geriatric patients of a rural tertiary care hospital. J Young Pharm 4: 273-278

238 Randall RL, Bruno SM (2006) Can polypharmacy reduction efforts in an ambulatory setting be successful? Clinical Geriatrics 14: 33-35

239 Rogers K, Tierney M, Singh A, McLean W (2003) Assessment of a seamless care prescription/discharge notes form. Can J Hosp Pharm 56: 14-23

240 Rossing C, Hansen EH, Krass I, Traulsen JM (2003) Pharmaceutical care in Denmark: perceived importance of medicine-related problems and participation in postgraduate training. Pharm World Sci 25: 73-78

241 Roth MT, Esserman DA, Ivey JL, Weinberger M (2009) Racial disparities in the quality of medication use in older adults: Baseline findings from a longitudinal study. J Gen Intern Med 25: 228-234

242 Roth MT, Esserman DA, Ivey JL, Weinberger M (2011) Racial disparities in quality of medication use in older adukts: Findings from a longitudinal study. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 9: 250-258

243 Saastamionen LK, Klaukka TJ, Ilomaki J, Enlund H (2009) An intervention to develop repeat prescribing in community pharmacy. J Clin Pharm Ther 34: 261-265

244 Satish Kumar BP, Dahal P, Venkataraman R, Fuloria PC (2013) Assessment of clinical pharmacist intervention in tertiary care teaching hospital of southern India. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 6: 258-261

245 Schnipper JL, Kirwin JL, Cotugno MC, Wahlstrom SA, Brown BA, Tarvin E, Kachalia A, Horng M, Roy CL, McKean SC, Bates DW (2006) Role of pharmacist counseling in preventing adverse drug events after hospitalization. Arch Intern Med 166: 565-571

246 Setter SM, Corbett CF, Cook D, Johnson SB (2000) Exploring the clinical pharmacists role in improving home care for patients with diabetes. Home Care Provider 5: 185-192

247 Shimp LA, Kucukarslan SN, Elder J, Remington T, Wells T, Choe HM, Lewis NJW, Kirking DM (2012) Employer-based patient-centered medication therapy management program: evidence and recommendations for future programs. J Am Pharm Assoc 52 (768-776)

248 Soendergaard B, Kirkeby B, Dinsen C, Herborg H, Kjellberg J, Staehr P (2006) Drug-related problems in general practice: results from a development project in Denmark Pharm World Sci 28: 61-64

249 Somers A, Robays H, Vander Stichele R, Van Maele G, Bogaert M, Petrovic M (2010) Contribution of drug related problems to hospital admission in the elderly. J Nutr Health Aging 14: 477-482

250 Somers A, Robays H, De Paepe P, Van Maele G, Perehudoff K, Petrovic M (2013) Evaluation of clinical pharmacist recommendations in the geriatric ward of a Belgian university hospital. Clin Interv Aging 8: 703-709

251 Spinewine A, Dhillon S, Mallet L, Tulkens PM, Wilmotte L, Swine C (2006) Implementation of ward-based clinical pharmacy services in Belgium - description of the impact on a geriatric unit. Ann Pharmacother 40: 720-728

252 Sturgess IK, McElnay JC, Hughes CM, Crealey G (2003) Community pharmacy based provision of pharmaceutical care to older patients. Pharm World Sci 25: 218-226

253 Syfrett M (2001) Pharmacist intervention in th pharmaceutical care of persons with Parkinsons Disease. Consult Pharm 16: 137-145

254 Ulfvarson J, Rahmner PB, Fastbom J, Sjoviker S, Karlsson EA (2010) Medication reviews with computerised expert support. Evaluation of a method to improve the quality of drug utilisation in the elderly. Int J Health Care Quality Assurance 23: 571-582

255 Van Mil JWF, Dudok van Heel MC, Boersma M, Tromp FJ (2001) Interventions and documentation for drug-related problems in Dutch community pharmacies. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 58: 1428-1431

256 Vercaigne LM, Grymonpre RE, Metge C, Sekyere J, Cooper R (2000) Manitoba pharmaceutical care project; interim report. Can Pharm J 133: 1-7

257 Vink J, Morton D, Ferreri S (2011) Pharmacist identification of medication-related problems in the home care setting. Consult Pharm 26: 477-484

258 Vinks THAM, Egberts TCG, de Lange TM, de Koning FHP (2009) Pharmacist-based medication review reduces potential drug-related problems in the elderly. Drugs Aging 26: 123-133

259 Vinks THAM, de Koning FHP, de Lange TM, Egberts TCG (2006) Identification of potential drug-related problems in the elderly: the role of the community pharmacist. Pharm World Sci 28: 33-38

260 Welch EK, Delate T, Chester EA, Stubbings T (2009) Assessment of the impact of medication therapy management delivered to home-based medicare beneficiaries. Ann Pharmacother 43: 603-610

261 Westerlund LOT, Marklund BRG, Handl WHA, Thunberg ME, Allebeck P (2001) Nonprescription drug-related problems and pharmacy interventions. Ann Pharmacother 35: 1343-1349

262 Witry MJ, Doucette WR, Gainer KL (2011) Evaluation of the pharmaceutical case management program implemented in a private sector health plan. J Am Pharm Assoc 51: 631-635

263 Yussuff KB, Tayo F (2011) Frequency, types and severity of medication use-related problems among medical outpatients in Nigeria. Int J Clin Pharm 33: 558-564

264 Zaidi STR, Hassan Y, Postma MJ, Ng SH (2003) Impact of pharmacist recommendations on the cost of drug therapy in ICU patients at a Malaysian hospital. Pharm World Sci 25: 299-302

265 Zargarzadeh AH, Emami MH, Hosseini F (2007) Drug-related hospital admissions in a generic pharmaceutical system. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 34: 494-498

266 Charpiat B, Goutelle S, Schoeffler M, Aubrun F, Viale J-P, Ducerf C, Leboucher G, Allenet B (2012) Prescriptions analysis by clinical pharmacists in the post-operative period: a 4-year prospective study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 56: 1047-1051

267 Prot-Labarthe S, Di Paolo ER, Lavoie A, Quennery S, Bussieres J-F, Brion F, Bourdon O (2013) Pediatric drug-related problems: a multicenter study in four French-speaking countries. Int J Clin Pharm 35: 251-259

268 Foro de Atencion Farmaceutica (2006) Consulta las definiciones de PRM y RNM en Portalfarma Farmaceuticos 316: 41

269 Arias JL, Santamaria-Lopez JM (2008) Improvement of the drug therapy results in patients with high blood pressure at a community pharmacy. Ars Pharm 49: 13-24

270 Agness CF, Huynh DH, Brandt N (2011) An introductory pharmacy practice experience based on a medication therapy management service model. Am J Pharm Educ 75 Article 82: 1-8

271 Al-Arifi M, Abu-Hashem H, Al-Meziny M, Said R, Aljadhey H (2013) Emergency department visits and admissions due to drug related problems at Riyadh military hospital (RMH), Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2013.01.001. Accessed 10 Jan 2014

272 Al-Olah YH, Al Thiab KM (2008) Admissions through the emergency department due to drug-related problems. Ann Saudi Med 28426-429

273 Easton KL, Chapman CB, Brien JE (2004) Frequency and characteristics of hospital admissions associated with drug-related problems in paediatrics. Br J Clin Pharmacol 57: 611-615

274 Easton-Carter KL, Chapman CB, Brien JE (2003) Emergency department attendances associated with drug-related problems in paediatrics. J Paediatr Child Health 39: 124-129

275 MacKinnon NJ, Morais CL, Rose T (2007) Drug-related problems identified in a workplace asthma self-management program. Can Pharm J 140: 110-115

276 Nickerson A, MacKinnon NJ, Roberts N, Saulnier L (2005) Drug-therapy problems, inconsistencies and omissions identified during a medication reconciliation and seamless care service. Healthcare Quarterly (Toronto, Ont) 8: 65-72

277 Ong SW, Fernandes OA, Cesta A, Bajcar JM (2006) Drug-related problems on hospital admission: relationship to medication information transfer. Ann Pharmacother 40: 408-413

278 Raybardhan S, Balen RM, Partovi N, Loewen PS, Liu G, Jewesson PJ (2005) Documenting drug-related problems with personal digital assistants in a multisite health system. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 62: 1782-1787

279 Rogers S, Wilson DA, Wan S, Griffin M, Rai G, Farrell J (2009) Medication-related admissions in older people. A cross-sectional, observational study. Drugs Aging 26: 951-961

280 Sellors J, Kaczorowski J, Sellors C, Dolovich L, Woodward C, Willan A, Goeree R, Cosby R, Trim K, Sebalt R, Howard M, Hardcastle L, Poston J (2003) A randomised controlled trial of a pharmacist consultation program for family physicians and their elderly patients. CMAJ 169: 17-22

281 Singh H, Kumar BN, Sinha T, Dulhani N (2011) The incidence and nature of drug-related hospital admission: A 6-month observational study in a tertiary helth care hospital. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2: 17-20

282 Ax F, Branstad J-O, Westerlund T (2010) Pharmacy counselling models: a means to improve drug use. J Clin Pharm Ther 35: 439-451

283 Ellitt GR, Engblom E, Aslani P, Westerlund T, Chen TF (2010) Drug related problems after discharge from an Australian teaching hospital. Pharm World Sci 32: 622-630

284 Paulino EI, Bouvy ML, Gastelurrutia MA, Guerreiro M, Buurma H (2004) Drug related problems identified by European community pharmacists in patients discharged from hospital. Pharm World Sci 26: 353-360

285 Westerlund M, Branstad J-O, Westerlund L (2008) Medicine-taking behaviour and drug-related problems in adolescents of a Swedish high school. Pharm World Sci 30: 243-250

286 Westerlund T, Marklund B (2009) Assessment of the clinical and economic outcomes of pharmacy interventions in drug-related problems. J Clin Pharm Ther 34: 319-327

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2013.01.001

287 Westerlund T, Gelin U, Pettersson E, Skarlund F, Wagstrom K, Ringbom C (2013) A retrospective analysis of drug-related problems documented in a national database. Int J Clin Pharm 35: 202-209

288 Cipolle RJ, Strand LM, Morley PC (2004) Pharmaceutical Care Practice: The Clinicians Guide 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill

289 Panel de consenso ad hoc (1999) Consenso de Grenada sobre problemas relacionados con medicamentos. Pharm Care Esp 1: 107-112

290 Comite de Consenso (2007) Third consensus of Grenada on drug related problems (DRP) and negative outcomes associated with medicines http://farmacia.ugr.es/ars/pdf/374.pdf Accessed 5 March 2014.

291 Ahmad A, Hugtenburg J, Welschen LMC, Dekker JM, Nijpels G (2010) Effect of medication review and cognitive behaviour treatment by community pharmacists of patients discharged from a hospital on drug related problems and compliance: design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 10: 133-143

http://farmacia.ugr.es/ars/pdf/374.pdf

link.springer.com · web viewinappropriate drug storage, use of expired drugs, lack of follow-up...

Documents