Linking Disaster to Development:Linking Disaster to Development:The Community-led Disaster The Community-led Disaster

Management in NepalManagement in Nepal

Man B. ThapaMan B. ThapaDisaster Management ProgrammeDisaster Management Programme

UNDP NepalUNDP Nepal

NepalNepal

ContentContent

Why we need to link disaster to development?Why we need to link disaster to development?

Community-led disaster management in NepalCommunity-led disaster management in Nepal

Linking disaster to development: a success storyLinking disaster to development: a success story

Where should we go from hereWhere should we go from here

ConclusionConclusion

Seismic Hazard of NepalSeismic Hazard of Nepal

Map courtesy:Map courtesy: National Seismological Centre, National Seismological Centre, Department of Mines and Geology, Lainchor, Department of Mines and Geology, Lainchor,

Kathmandu, NepalKathmandu, Nepal  

The Economic Losses due to Various The Economic Losses due to Various Natural Disasters inNatural Disasters in NepalNepal

19,90719,907

15,89115,891

9,7489,748

9,2479,247

7,0717,071

Dev Dev expendexpend

(in mNR)(in mNR)

1212

6464

122122

207207

9898

Loss as Loss as % of dev % of dev

exp.exp.

0.80.82,3122,3128928921996 Floods1996 Floods

5510,11210,1121,5241,5241993 Floods1993 Floods

121211,90311,9031,7161,7161989 Fire1989 Fire

212119,14119,1411,6841,6841988 Earthq1988 Earthq

996,9226,9228818811987 Floods1987 Floods

Loss as Loss as % GDP% GDP

LossLoss

(in mNR)(in mNR)DeathsDeathsDisasterDisaster

Why we need to link disaster to Why we need to link disaster to development?development?

Nepal is a disaster prone countryNepal is a disaster prone country

Disaster has been dealt partially and in isolationDisaster has been dealt partially and in isolation

Several development initiatives have been Several development initiatives have been affected by different kinds and forms of disastersaffected by different kinds and forms of disasters

Annually about 20% of GDP is being lost due to Annually about 20% of GDP is being lost due to disastersdisasters

Annually about 260 people are killed by disaster Annually about 260 people are killed by disaster and about 30,000 families affectedand about 30,000 families affected

Due to flawed disaster management, the ratio of Due to flawed disaster management, the ratio of killed to affected population in Nepal is the killed to affected population in Nepal is the highest in the whole of South Asian Regionhighest in the whole of South Asian Region

Community-led disaster Community-led disaster management in Nepalmanagement in Nepal

BackgroundBackground– Isolated/inaccessible communitiesIsolated/inaccessible communities– Resources constraintsResources constraints

Community selection based on the magnitude of Community selection based on the magnitude of vulnerabilityvulnerability

Formation of groups/SGCOsFormation of groups/SGCOs

Programme design with due recognition to the Programme design with due recognition to the local knowledge, implementation and PMElocal knowledge, implementation and PME

Financial transaction (Transparency and Financial transaction (Transparency and accountability)accountability)

ContinueContinue….….

Linking with other development actors,Linking with other development actors,

Transforming groups/ SGCOs as NGOsTransforming groups/ SGCOs as NGOs

Linking disaster to development: Linking disaster to development: a success storya success story

Site/ community selectionSite/ community selection

Group formation (male/female/political Group formation (male/female/political parties/ majority/minorityparties/ majority/minority

Inputs to the group/SGCO Inputs to the group/SGCO (technical/financial)(technical/financial)

Community contribution mandatoryCommunity contribution mandatory

Participatory monitoring and evaluationParticipatory monitoring and evaluation

Peer communicationPeer communication

Continue …….Continue ……. ActivitiesActivities

River training (spurs, drainage – bioengineering)River training (spurs, drainage – bioengineering) Large scale plantation and community forest Large scale plantation and community forest

protection-zero grazingprotection-zero grazing Natural growth of vegetationNatural growth of vegetation Sale of grasses (stall feeding)Sale of grasses (stall feeding) Purchase of milch animalsPurchase of milch animals Milk collection centerMilk collection center Creation of picnic spotCreation of picnic spot Family fish pond constructionFamily fish pond construction ApicultureApiculture Nursery establishmentNursery establishment Strengthening institutional capacity Strengthening institutional capacity Small and cost-effective infrastructureSmall and cost-effective infrastructure

Continue …..Continue …..

Future activitiesFuture activities

More income generating activities to women More income generating activities to women for their empowermentfor their empowerment

Establishment of bio-gas plants, improved Establishment of bio-gas plants, improved cooking stovescooking stoves

Large scale mulberry plantation for sericulture, Large scale mulberry plantation for sericulture, fodder and flood controlfodder and flood control

Large scale bamboo and cane plantation for Large scale bamboo and cane plantation for cottage industry cottage industry

Innovations offer hope for futureInnovations offer hope for future

Appropriate policyAppropriate policy

New concepts and planning toolsNew concepts and planning tools

PartnershipsPartnerships

Living with disaster (Upgrading coping Living with disaster (Upgrading coping mechanisms) mechanisms)

Community involvement for local ownership, Community involvement for local ownership, cost-effectiveness and sustainabilitycost-effectiveness and sustainability

ConclusionConclusion

An integrated approach for DM must be adopted An integrated approach for DM must be adopted for long term sustainable developmentfor long term sustainable development

Activities must be designed with local people and Activities must be designed with local people and identification of an entry point and exit strategy identification of an entry point and exit strategy must be shared with local peoplemust be shared with local people

Clear delineation of community (male/female) Clear delineation of community (male/female) roles and responsibilities from the very outsetroles and responsibilities from the very outset

The form and extent of communities’ contribution The form and extent of communities’ contribution should be decided at the very beginningshould be decided at the very beginning

Continue…Continue…

A clear sketch of road map for linking A clear sketch of road map for linking disaster to development should be disaster to development should be designed at the beginningdesigned at the beginning

Priority should be given to activities Priority should be given to activities which can be of immediate benefit to which can be of immediate benefit to the communitythe community

Priority should be given to those Priority should be given to those activities which reduce the future activities which reduce the future vulnerability of the areavulnerability of the area

Thank youThank you