Linking the community to local governments - community-based

planning in South Africa

Presentation to Parliamentary Committee on Provincial and Local Government by SA National CBP Steering Committee

Poor people active and involved in managing their own development

Critical issues: • Involvement in resource allocation (planning)• Involvement in managing local initiatives• Involvement in maintenance• involvement in planning what happens with service delivery• involved in managing service delivery

• And empowerment as an end in itself – overcoming dependency and mobilising local energy for community action

Why community-based planning• To make plans more relevant to local needs and conditions• To increase community involvement in provision of public

services• To increase people’s control over their own lives and

livelihoods• To promote community action and overcome dependency

There are important implications for the type of planning.We are assuming it must be all 4.

Participation and the IDP• Essential for deepening democracy• Required in the Municipal Systems Act , Chapter 4• form of participation not specified• ward committees being elected, but not clear how they operate• this has attempted to develop a workable methodology for doing

this, and this has happened in Mangaung

Link between ward plan and IDP

Ward plan Municipality

Other service providers (prov, national, NGO)

Local actions, eg festival

Strategic projects eg Mangaung Partnership

Eg LED projects, poverty projects, CPF, social dev support for HIV

Municipal-linked projects

IDP domain

What does the ward plan look like• Situation in the ward

– overall and for different groups, including the most disadvantaged

• vision and goals for the ward• projects and activities to achieve the goals

– what the community should do, what the municipality needs to do, what others need to do

• proposals for spending R50 000 allocated by Municipality for spending this financial year

• action plan for the ward• project profiles for submission to LG development plan

Ward 2

Vision• By 2010, ward 2 is an attractive and safe place,

recognised as full of history, with good housing and tarred roads, well served by shops, facilities such as clinics, schools and library, people are healthy, skilled and self-reliant, and generating a viable income from a strong economic base. The area is well-maintained and services are sustained.

Goals by 20071 Ward 2 is economically dynamic, the people are skilled, self-

reliant and have access to sustainable income-generating activities (23%).

2=We have decreased the infection rate of HIV/AIDS and those infected have access to good care and support (10%).

2=Every community member in ward 2 has access to, and owns their own permament house with services (10%).

4=Unemployed people in ward 2 have acquired a range of skills to assist in employment, and employed people will have had their skills upgraded (8%)

4=All the roads are tarred (8%)6=Ward 2 is a safe and secure area for all residents and crime hot

spots have been eliminated (6%)

Strategies for Goal 2 - HIV/AIDS• By 2007 we have decreased infection rate for

HIV/AIDS and those infected have access to good care and support

• The main strategies we propose to address this are:– Ensure proper care for HIV/AIDS infected and affected people,

including voluntary counselling and testing (VCT), medical care and support.

– Developing culture of openness and awareness by providing appropriate information about HIV/AIDS

– Developing and mobilising care-givers and a volunteers

Activities for Strategy 2.2 on HIV - culture of openness

Project/activity What the wardwill do

Support neededfrom Municipality

Support fromothers

Strategy 2.2 Culture of openness2.2.1 Marry ward 2 strategy onHIV/AIDS with all other strategies fromNGOs and depts

Attend workshop andagree

Attend workshop andagree

Attend workshop andagree

2.2.2 Ensure availability of basicmedication

Monthly meeting withcouncillor to inform onneeds

Sit with clinic anddiscuss issues aroundmedication eg stock

Provide medication andother equipment

2.2.3 Councillor and ward committeemembers to ensure that HIV/AIDS is astanding item on the agenda ofcommittee meetings

Conference Majola toensure

Inform Conference of allmeetings

Include HIV/AIDS inagenda/ speeches

2.2.4 Revise strategy yearly Ensure workshop takesplace

Ensure workshop takesplace

Attend workshop

Ward 2 - proposed use of R50 000

Goal Project/activity Funds required for Amountrequired

1. Income 1.2.2 Evaluate condition of historicalbuildings

Valuation of each buildingat R100/house

R10 000

1.2.4 Write history of ward 2 Pay author, photographs etc R15001.2.5 Clean-up campaign Meals for volunteers R5200Sub-total R16 700

2. HIV 2.2.1 Workshop to merge strategiesfrom Ward/NGOs etc

400 people @ R25= R1000+ R100 for materials

R1100

2.3.1 Campaign for volunteers 4 x 3 hour meetings of 30people @ R10

R1200

2.3.2 Train 40 volunteers 40 people x 10 days x R25 R10 000Sub-total R12 300

Action plan for Ward 2Action By who By when

General1. Typed plan submitted Ian, Khanya 25.09.012. Allocate Ward Committee portfolios and organise convening ofworking committees for each goal, to include external stakeholders

Ward Committee (WC) 24.09.01

3. Mass meeting to publicise the plan Ward Committee 26-27.09.01 ?4. Submit ward plan to Municipality Ward Committee 01.10.015. Confirm/appraise response time and when R50k to be released MLM 08.10.016. MLM appraises plan MLM 08.10.01 ?7. Produce monthly report format, including by goal Ian/Teboho 3rd week8. Produce monthly report Ward Committee End Oct. onwards9. Mass meeting once plan approved Ward Committee 10.11.200110. Feedback on approval in IDP MLM March 2002Goal 1. Income/Employment Decide on 24th1.1 Develop working group on income and tourism – plan aprogramme to take forward – include stakeholders

WC portfolio person

1.2 Identify and list historical buildings CommissionGoal 2. HIV/AIDS2.1 Establish working group WC, Kgauhelo, ATTIC

etc2.2 Finalise funding of Kgauhelo business plan Social Dev., Ward

Comm., Kgauhelo12010.2001

2.3 Kgauhelo negotiates for accommodation at clinic Kgauhelo 25.09.20012.4 Convene workshop to align strategies – meet ATTIC and plan ATTIC, Kgauhelo,

Ward Committee25.09.2001

Overall priorities from wards used for IDP

Goal Score (20 wards)1

Personal income and jobs 155Roads 112.5Housing 108Security 97Improved education 81HIV 61Clean environment 57Water 47.5Recreational facilities 33.5Health 32Title deeds 30Improved services/decentralisation 29.5

1 Where top priority is given 10 points, second 9, down to 10 th, 1 point.

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1. If first priority scores 10, second 9 etc, and then added across wards

Results in SA• Mangaung - 43 ward plans, covering 750 000 people, 10 000

participating, guides 5 year IDP - action by community in many wards afterwards

• allocated R50 000 per ward for support to start process• experience used for national guidelines on community participation

(DPLG)• Limpopo, 31 villages covered in all 6 districts of the province• now interest in Greater Tzaneen, Mbombela (Nelspruit) and Maluti

(QwaQwa)• CBP is now one output for the national Department of Provincial and

Local Government in reporting to PCC

Findings from evaluation in SA• 42/43 wards had plans, all approved, and 41 had spent on their projects using

the R50k• CBP was felt to be very useful by most wards (scoring it very useful-

excellent) • working with different groups was very helpful and there was widespread

participation• facilitators were drawn from a wide variety of jobs in the Municipality and

were very positive about the experience• the manuals were found to be very helpful• training and support to facilitators could have been improved• the poor and disadvantaged were involved in the planning, and their priorities

are represented in the final plans

Findings from evaluation (2)• plans originating from wards had biggest focus on environment,

jobs, HIV, safety and skills/education• there was evidence of services being improved as a result (even

though this wasn't expected at this early stage)• there were very high levels of ownership of the plan and process

by the wards, with the R50 000 being important in motivating people to participate

• for CBP to succeed it needs a good relationship between Ward Councillor and Committee

Next stage for CBP in SA• formalising coalition to support CBP through national Steering

Committee, appointed 30 October 2002 at national conference on CBP– members SALGA, DPLG, Mangaung, Ethekwini, Khanya, GTZ, Greater Tzaneen, IDT,

Thabo Mofutsanyane, MEC FSLGH

• building capacity for CBP - training facilitators to extend CBP (just completed ToT manual)

• deepening - improving methodologies for:– monitoring by ward committee, municipality, citizens– linkages with IDP– supporting implementation of ward plans– ward committee resource book

Next steps (2)• piloting (Greater Tzaneen, Mbombela, Boland,

Maluti…….)• advocacy and dissemination - extending understanding

of the approach nationally • widening - rolling out nationally in 2004• evaluating results• sharing with partners - 2 partner meetings (Ghana,

Zimbabwe)

Results in Uganda• Bushenyi - focus district with 800 000 people, adapted manual• 170 parish plans produced using CBP and used for sub-county/district plans• incorporated in national Harmonised Participatory Planning Guidelines for

subdistrict planning (HPPG) - being implemented nationally• training of district local govs and then lower level local govs to implement

the HPPG• medium term review of implementation supported by DFID/UNCDF over a

period of 6 months• USAID supported initiative, Strengthening Decentralisation in Uganda

(SDU) interested in HPPG and support in building capacity of district and sub county staff

Results in Ghana• 2 pilots run so far in Adanse East and Asante Akim

Districts, both in Ashanti Region• implemented in half the district and rolling out in rest at

the moment• problem of PRSP defining participation as one workshop,

and many different approaches to participatory planning, so attentions of District Assemblies diverted

• hoping to build a coalition to support an integrated approach to CBP

Results in Zimbabwe• National workshop in mid-2001agreed way forward• Pilots in Gwanda and Chimanimani rural districts• adapted generic CBP manual• developed district training team including service depts and core

facilitation team at local level, using community to facilitate and write up plan

• implementation now finishing in Gwanda, including in newly resettled areas

• 50% of development levy allocated to support local projects• national workshop to review results in Jan 2003

Next stage for CBP• Development is about people, and people’s livelihoods

improving - it is not some abstract that is done to people

• Started a journey of ensuring that communities are fully involved in planning and managing their own development, claiming their rights and exercising their responsibilities

• still a long way to go but a very fertile start

Next stage 2• extend and deepen the approach, building on a variety of

experience for a coalition to support CBP • look at methodologies around rolling the plans, incorporating in

district plans, adequate monitoring by RDC and community• linking plans more effectively with IDP• improving accountability of LG around planning and the budget• thinking about community management• continue the peer learning and sharing across and within

countries

Actions in terms of project• 4 country meeting May to focus on these new issues (Ghana?)• then in November (Zimbabwe?)• continue exchanges• roll out the ToT, test and revise• work out methodologies on these additional issues (monitoring,

management, accountability)

Summary• a methodology for CBP adapted for the different

countries• tested in planning for over 2 million people!• Evaluations show considerable impact from the

planning in terms of participation, quality of plans produced, and services

• Uganda, SA and Ghana evidence of local action resulting from the plans - let use see in Zimbabwe

Summary 2• see now how to improve methodology, ensure it results

in local action• developing a coalition of organisations to promote and

the capacity to expand coverage• look at community-based service delivery• a real example of NEPAD in action and yielding

results