Linux and OS/390 USS: Where, When, Why?

NYCMG

New York, NY

September 14, 2001

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Linux and OS/390 USS: Where, When, Why?

Robert H. (Bob) JohnsonLandmark Systems Corporation

12700 Sunrise Valley DriveReston, VA 20191-5804

USA703.464.1653

www.landmark.combjohnson@landmark.com

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Permission

Copyright 2001 Robert H. Johnson. Permission is granted to attendees to make copies of this material for their publications and for attendees’ one-time usage. All other rights reserved.

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Copyrights

Landmark Systems Corporation and the Landmark logo, NaviGate, NaviGraph, NaviPlex, Pinnacle, and The Monitor are registered trademarks.

MVS Concepts and Facilities (ISBN 0-07-032673-8, Spanish translation = 84-481-092-1, McGraw-Hill Madrid) is copyright 1989 Robert H. Johnson Jr. DASD IBM's Direct Access Storage Devices (ISBN 0-07-032674-6 copyright 1992 Robert H & R. Daniel Johnson). UNIX as a Second Language (ISBN 0-9650929-1-7) is copyrighted 1995, 2001 by Robert H. Johnson and Landmark Systems Corporation. All other products and brand names mentioned are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Contents may settle during shipment. Your mileage may vary. Warning, contents under pressure.

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Disclaimer

The information contained in this presentation is distributed on an “as-is” basis without any warranty either express or implied. The use of this information or the implementation of any of these techniques is the reader's responsibility. Neither the authors nor this conference is responsible in any way for the reader's application of this information.

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Disclaimer-2

This presentation is designed to start a dialogue within the industry on the future of UNIX in mainframe computing. This area is one of the most important arenas for the 21st century. In order for us to be successful, we need understanding and discussion on the topic. I share what I know and discover. I challenge you to do the same.

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Background

CMG 2000 wanted a panel on IBM’s support of Linux on z/900 platforms and what that meant.

I “volunteered” to chair the panel. The experts took over from there! Over the rest of 2001, I filled in the

pieces with my own research.

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Abstract

How is Linux different from USS? What performance and capacity metrics are available (or planned?)? What workloads run on S/390 Linux? In terms of eCommerce, which UNIX system is "better" for WebServer- USS or Linux?

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Disclaimer

The basis of this presentation was a summary of a panel on the topic at CMG/2000 in Orlando Florida, USA, December, 2000, AND my extensions of these findings. If there are errors or omissions, then the problems are mine. If there is good stuff, then it must have been provided by the panelists:

Peter Enrico, peter.enrico@epstrategies.com www.epstrategies.comMark Cathcart, IBM http://www.ibm.com/s390/corner; Ross Patterson, Computer Associates <ROSS.PATTERSON@ca.com>, or Tim Kane, kanetj@us.ibm.com

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Agenda

0001 - Rebranding of families: z/Business and e/Server

0010 - Why UNIX on S/390 and z/900 0011 - Will the real UNIX stand up 0100 - Linux? What Linux? 0101 - Unix Systems Services 0110 - Which UNIX to Pick 0111 - Should You Run Linux on VM or VIF? 1000 - Application Considerations

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0001 Re-Branding of CPU families

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Linux available for full suite of eServer machines

eServer Family

zSeries a.k.a “Freeway” Supercedes 9672

iSeries Supercedes AS/400

pSeries Supercedes

RS/6000 and Sequent NUMA-Q

xSeries Supercedes

Netfinity

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“Freeway” - The z900 Series

64-bit zArchitecture with z/OS Built on new copper technology Up to 64GB of memory Aggregate I/O bandwidth up to

24Gb/sec -- that’s GIGABYTE! z/OS Intelligent Resource Director

(IRD): Linux enabler?

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“Freeway” - 2

Up to 640 processors in a Parallel Sysplex 20 x 32 (up to 16 Central Processors, 3

System Assist Processors, and 1 spare CP)

20%-30% faster than G6 “not even close to maximizing out

Moore’s Law”

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“Freeway” - 3

Intelligent Resource Director (IRD) Manages LPAR cluster (within a single CEC) Stripped down WLM: assigned workload goals Moves resources TO and FROM workloads not

workloads to and from resources IRD requires WLM in each LPAR and z/OS

HiperSockets and Linux Support Virtual TCP/IP network within a CEC Very fast

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Freeway - 4

New IBM Pricing Options - Linux for S/390: XSLM Workload License Charge

Variable-Charge Products Flat-Charge Products

IBM and ISV must build license installation, policy and system installation, reporting, logs, and contract management

Requires z/OS in 64-bit mode on z/Series server

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Freeway - 5

Linux World in New York, February 1, 2001:VM's and Linux/390's own Jim Elliott walked up to the podium at the VIP reception to accept an award on IBM's behalf. It seems the IBM zSeries model z900 won the "Best Hardware" category - not bad for a dead dinosaur platform, eh?

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0010 Why UNIX on S/390, z900, z/VM, VIF, and z/OS

“z” is for “zero downtime” “Reliability, Availability,

Serviceability (RAS)” was invented here

“WebServer” “Commercial”

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Why UNIX on S/390 z900 - 2

“SUN UE10000 is about where 3084 was in 1984 for RAS”

“Major online systems suffer 11 hours downtime due to back-end storage failure.”

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0011 Will the Real Unix Stand Up

UNIX is really hundreds of variants UNIX 95/98, etc is a collection of

subsystem calls that must be honored to be “UNIX” all of them have these

SUN (SOLARIS), IBM (AIX), HP (HP/UX) have these and lots more but cost money

Linux has all of them, but is “free”

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0100 Linux? What Linux?

This is the real Linux -- the one written by Linus Torvalds.

Same as the one you download from Redbrick.com

gnu toolkit was used to write microcode for s/390

“less than 1% of Linux is modified”

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Linux -2

Linux meets IBM’s objective of selling RAS hardware for UNIX: z/900

Linux is just like what you can download to your PC -- a real primitive operating system.

Linux on z/900 gives IBM customer true choice.

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S/390 Linux Benefits

Based on z/Architecture which allows unlimited addressing

zSeries servers automatically direct resources to priority work through Intelligent Resource Director (IRD) Workload Manager Logical Partitioning Parallel Sysplex clustering technology

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Results:

Numerous operating systems images managed as a single dynamic workload

dynamic allocation of CPUs, channel paths, channel control paths

HiperSockets let TCP/IP traffic travel between partitions at memory speed (Gigabyte) rather than network speed: one gigabit per second per pipe (of 24)

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Results:

Virtual Internet Protocol Addressing (VIPA) provides transparent failover from device, interface or network failures

Channel Subsystem Priority Queuing and Dynamic Channel Path Management are part of normal S/390 or z/900 implementation.

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Linux Scalability

Naspa Article: November 2000; Page 24: Adam Thornton

Two G5 Class S/390 Processors EMC disk unit 250 to 10,000 users 41,400 servers: did not crash, just ran out of VM

resources VM design goals: 100,000 simultaneous virtual machines

Update: almost reached 100,000 servers!

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0101 USS: Introduction

Integral part of OS/390 since 1994 Known by Different names:

OpenEdition OpenMVS OMVS OS/390 UNIX

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USS: Integral to Operating System

Unix Systems Services (USS) is an integral part of the OS/390 operating system and provides UNIX services to OS/390 applications and users

USS provides access to either UNIX files or regular “MVS” files or both from the same program.

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USS: Always There

USS will always be a part of z/OS USS will continue to be used for

primary z/OS components that need USS: TCP/IP, Websphere Commerce Suite, Domino,

Webserver, Java, etc. Most improvements of USS by IBM will most

likely be targeted for these products/components

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View of USS Interface

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What’s Running on USS?

TCP/IP WebSphere Lotus Domino- Go Server & Lotus Notes

ERP programs- Baan, SAP

PeopleSoft

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0110 Which Unix to Pick to run application code

Data centers already have USS running when they bring up OS/390 or z/OS 1.1. Everybody has USS.

If data centers want to run Linux, they must plan for, and dedicate resources to Linux.

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Pick Linux

If you need ANSI Standard C++ with standard template libraries (STL)

If you want all of the gnu tools and anything else you can get downloaded and fixed up on your own

You want porting speed and cost: You must recompile your application. It is an ASCII environment after all.

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Pick Linux - 2

You want complete ASCII support including multiple byte character set (MBCS). (i.e., If you are in or like Pacific rim companies who will be early adopters -- 64-bit is ideal for languages such as kanji).

You want horizontal scalability

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Pick Linux -3

Key middleware deployment WebSphere Application Server - Advanced Edition

Java connectors to - DB2, IMS, CICS, MQSeries DB2 UDB, workstation DB2, not Sysplex capable, IBM DB2

connect??? MYSAP.com: application on UNIX; DB2 on z/OS; HiperSockets Tivoli If you want Hardware benefits

Isolation, integrity, unique, scalable, deployment environment If you want No OS/390 baggage:

No Security, integrity, recovery, transactional infrastructure

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Pick USS for data access

Co-Locality of data: USS will be used where data needs to be moved from UNIX to z/OS (it is just a move command).

“70% of important data is on mainframe”? Data was and is in EBCDIC. Conversion to/from

ASCII is most difficult (big endian, little endian). If you want 2-phase commit via RRS (open

systems are 3-5 years late getting to this level EJBs into CICS or IMS *and* DB2 ?

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Pick USS for Data Access - 2

Speed of Database Access Hiper access, but DB2 multiple access

still beats all If you want Speed of Database

access (I/O per second )

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Pick USS for Deployment and Runtime Considerations

Quality of service, functional richness, speed of implementation All key considerations

Workload Manager (WLM) needed to control service levels Need thread level workload management ?

Parallel Sysplex and Coupling Facility for extensibility

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Pick USS - forQuality of Service

Security level specifications If you like RACF ? (although Linux can be made secure)

High availability features of z/OS

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C2 Security: a wash DOD “Orange Book”

www.radium.ncsc.mil/tpep/library/rainbow/5200.28.-std.html

Identification and Authentication (passwords) -- use shadow passwords

access control use ACLs Object Reuse (don’t use every anywhere) Audit (logging: TCP/IP wrappers: turn on if necessary) www.linuxdoc.org Linux how to documents

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What does Reliability and uptime mean?

“Reliability and uptime are the principle reasons why many CIOs are keeping their big iron dinosaurs alive no matter how many Unix and Windows NT mammals are scurrying around underfoot.”

CIO article, November 15; Derek Slater

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IBM and Telia, Scandinavia's largest telecommunications and internet

service provider

http://www2.ibmlink.ibm.com/cgi-bin/master?xh=ZUi32YeF*ZE4KP1USenG?N??&request=pressreleases&parms=P%5f2000120601&xhi=pressreleases%5e&xfr=N

(still works 8/28/2001!)

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Korean Airlines: Flight Scheduling

http://www.zdnet.com/eweek/stories/general/0,11011,2787187,00.html

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Winnebago Industries Inc

Runs e-mail system alongside their mainframe system

On Linux on the mainframe

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Pick USS - Quality of Service - 2

High Availability portability Websphere and Java

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Pick USS - for Application Software

Prepackaged software Skill availability Tape and offline storage Shared DASD hardware sharing

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Pick USS - Operations

Accounting USS has access to SMF (type 99

records and OEM software gives full accounting possibilities

Linux gives minimal possibilities via IOSTAT, VMSTAT, and SAR commands and write-your-own and OEM programs.

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Pick USS - Device Connectivity

USS has all of OS/390 and z/OS connectivity. Linux must have drivers “written” for them

DASD: CKD and FBA is fine TAPE: all fine with USS; Linux is under

development PRINT: JES wins; although Samba print solutions

for Windows-style printing under Linux. CTCA: underdevelopment

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Pick USS for Human Resource reasons

A young person can be “taught” mainframe if it is “UNIX”

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0111 Should You Run Linux on VM or VIF?

Linux runs on metal (dedicated machines) LPARs VIF (hidden machines) as a Virtual Machine under VM Even under MVS (SHARE presentation

at SHARE 95, session 5511)

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VIF

VIF is subset of VM VIF machines are all peers

no controls over which Linux system has control

no system backups no systems monitors

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VIF - 2

very easy to clone machines (no systems programmer required)

96,000 under test load (David Boyes latest “plan c”

Runs in ICF

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VIF - 3

Runs on “hidden CPU’s” and is charged for usage only -- the CPUs are not part of other software billings.

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VM

Requires VM systems programmer resource -- very valuable

Much more flexible

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1000 Application Conversion Considerations

Linux may be much faster to port applications (maybe just a compile) -- weeks to days

Linux will be much quicker to get to 64-bit addressibility (immediately) vs 2002 (?) for USS

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WIN/NT Replacement

Run NT applications on Linux WinStar programs run under Linux

and almost emulate Windows environments?

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1001 Monitoring UNIX on the Mainframe

UNIX on the mainframe will need monitors that understand things not seen by standard monitoring techniques. There are ASIDs and Tasks, but you will need to see processes, threads, HFS, etc.

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Monitoring Linux

BMC: “ Linux for S/390 Management” It is “promised” for the future It is a “Patrol agent and Linux Knowledge

module” (KM on the Linux for S/390 platform It requires Mainview The problem is that Patrol can only gather

information that Linux provides and that is very little.

IOSTAT, VMSTAT, etc: lots of freeware

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Monitoring USS

Candle BMC Landmark

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3 Levels of USS Pain

Not running any applications May be unfamiliar with USS and resources it is

consuming- In the dark

Future plans to install applications Discomfort becoming real - Dawn

Currently running applications Performance at risk- Wake up!

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1010 Q&A

CMG has a tradition of holding “Birds-of-a-feather (BOF)” sessions at the end of the day where attendees can discusscurrent topics in an ad hoc manner. Since I expected somediscussion to continue, I scheduled a BOF session. Sure enough, 40 people showed up!

Six installations had Linux running (maybe some wereduplicates)

The following were questions (and answers) as noted. Many of the comments were worked into the notes above.

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Q & A

What about Shared DASD under Linux? There we go again. -- probably not in near

future. Linux needs to have device drivers written

for it. It may never have shared DASD unless it is implemented by Storage Area Network (SAN) architecture.

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How in the dark are you?

Do you have a good understanding of what’s going on in your USS/Open Edition environment?

What applications are you running on USS/Open Edition?

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How in the dark are you? Have you been seeing more and more USS

activities showing up on your MVS monitor? Do you know if USS is using 5, 10 or 50% of

your MVS resources? Can you tell which tasks are using, or maybe

abusing, your USS resources?

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How are you with UNIX?

Are you comfortable with USS file structures and Unix commands?

How critical to your business will the applications running on USS be?

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Wake up!

How did the installation of the USS application you are running go?

Have you had any jobs get hung up that you needed to kill?

Do you think that your thresholds are set properly at this point?

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Bibliography

Books Unix as a Second Language (Bob Johnson - self

published) Articles

“Linux on S/390 or z/Series: Getting Started” Lionel B. Dyck; NASPA September 2001 pp36-41

SHARE: Linux Security: Session 1745, SHARE 97, July 26, 2001,

Minn, MN Mike Kearney, Washington Systems Center,

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References The Linux/390 list:

Linux-390@VM.Marist.Edu The Linux/390 Community website:

WWW.LinuxVM.Org IBM’s Linux/390 website:

WWW.IBM.Com/servers/eserver/zseries/os/linux/ Jim Elliott: www.vm.ibm.com/devpages/jelliott/linux.html Who’s using Linux?

http://LinuxToday.Com/news_story.php3?ltsn=2000-09-15-001-06-NW-BZ-LF

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White Papers

http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/library/whitepapers/pdf/gf225175.pdf

Linux for 390 redbook http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg244987.html

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Web sites

Http://linux390.marist.edu -- http://www.opensource.org/index.html http://www.ibm.com/s390/linux LINUX-390@vm.marist.edu -- mailing

list www.linux.org LINUX home page

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IBM References

SG24-5952: Redbook: z/OS Intelligent Resource Director www.redbooks.ibm.com, look under redbooks online redpieces search button for IRD or “Just Published”