Linux Operating Linux Operating SystemSystem

Presentation outlinePresentation outline

Shreejana Singh Shreejana Singh – IntroductionIntroduction– HistoryHistory

Charles ChongCharles Chong– Technical FeaturesTechnical Features

Luis E. SolisLuis E. Solis– Why use Linux?Why use Linux?– FUD factorFUD factor

Presentation outlinePresentation outlineconti…conti… Dina RodriguezDina Rodriguez

– Hardware Requirements Hardware Requirements Himanshu KathuriaHimanshu Kathuria

– Preview of the Linux Operating Preview of the Linux Operating SystemSystem

– Live demonstration of the OSLive demonstration of the OS

HistoryHistory

Unix-like operating system, based on a Unix-like operating system, based on a kernel written by Linus Benedict kernel written by Linus Benedict Torvald Torvald – Inspired by the Minix operating systemInspired by the Minix operating system– The GNU "guh-NEW“ project The GNU "guh-NEW“ project started in 1983 started in 1983

by Richard Stallman at the Massachusetts by Richard Stallman at the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Technology

– A UNIX-compatible software system developed A UNIX-compatible software system developed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF)by the Free Software Foundation (FSF)

History History conti…conti… Philosophy of GNUPhilosophy of GNU

– To produce software that is non-proprietaryTo produce software that is non-proprietary

– Anyone can download, modify and redistribute GNU softwareAnyone can download, modify and redistribute GNU software

– The only restriction is that they cannot limit further redistributionThe only restriction is that they cannot limit further redistribution

– Given away for free.Given away for free. Symbol of LinuxSymbol of Linux

– Linux doesn't have a formidable serious looking Linux doesn't have a formidable serious looking symbolsymbol

– Rather Tux, as the penguin is lovingly calledRather Tux, as the penguin is lovingly called– Symbolizes the care-free attitude of the total Symbolizes the care-free attitude of the total

movementmovement

HistoryHistoryconti…conti… Began work in 1991Began work in 1991

– August 25, 1991 the historic post was sent to the MINIX news August 25, 1991 the historic post was sent to the MINIX news group by Linus .....group by Linus .....

– September, 1991 - Linux version 0.01 is releasedSeptember, 1991 - Linux version 0.01 is released– October, 1992 - The first standalone Linux installedOctober, 1992 - The first standalone Linux installed– Dec 1993 - a stable 'beta' version (0.99 patchlevel 14) was Dec 1993 - a stable 'beta' version (0.99 patchlevel 14) was

available.available.– March 1994 - March 1994 - Version 1.0 releasedVersion 1.0 released– First ``Linux virus'' discovered - BlissFirst ``Linux virus'' discovered - Bliss – Today, there are an estimated 5 million Linux users worldwideToday, there are an estimated 5 million Linux users worldwide

TimelineTimeline

1991-20021991-2002

Platforms Linux been Platforms Linux been PortedPorted In addition to the Intel 386In addition to the Intel 386 Linux has been ported to all of the following platforms:Linux has been ported to all of the following platforms:

– Alpha ProcessorAlpha Processor– MIPSMIPS– Motorola 68K (MAC, Atari, Amiga, etc.)Motorola 68K (MAC, Atari, Amiga, etc.)– PowerPC (PowerMac, etc.)PowerPC (PowerMac, etc.)– SPARCSPARC– Sun3Sun3– SGI (Indy)SGI (Indy)– HP PA-RISC (HP 700)HP PA-RISC (HP 700)– VAXVAX– VMEVME– ARM (Palmtops)ARM (Palmtops)– Intel 8086 & 80286Intel 8086 & 80286

Operating SystemOperating System

A program that controls the execution A program that controls the execution of application programs.of application programs.

And acts as an interface between the And acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardwareuser and the computer hardware

Linux is licensed under the General Linux is licensed under the General Public Licenses (GPL)Public Licenses (GPL)– Ensures that the source code will always Ensures that the source code will always

be freely available to anyone wants it.be freely available to anyone wants it.

Open Source/Free Open Source/Free SoftwareSoftware People often think of software at no People often think of software at no

cost, has no owner, and thus no cost, has no owner, and thus no support or warranty of continuation support or warranty of continuation

In reality the 'free' in free software In reality the 'free' in free software means that the source code has been means that the source code has been liberated and anybody may copy and liberated and anybody may copy and compile it, but that does not exclude compile it, but that does not exclude paymentpayment

Not Free of charge Not Free of charge

Commercial SoftwareCommercial Software

The opposite of OSS/FS is The opposite of OSS/FS is “closed” or “proprietary” “closed” or “proprietary” software. software.

Software Software – source code that can be viewedsource code that can be viewed– But cannot be modified and But cannot be modified and

redistributed without further redistributed without further limitation limitation

What is LinuxWhat is Linux

KernelKernel Kernel ModuleKernel Module Benefits of using ModuleBenefits of using Module MultitaskingMultitasking Multi-UserMulti-User Virtual MemoryVirtual Memory

Kernel DevelopmentKernel Development

Internet OSI open system Internet OSI open system USC Berkeley UNIXUSC Berkeley UNIX Linux member of UNIX familyLinux member of UNIX family Kernel manages system hardwareKernel manages system hardware Standard Kernel loads entire Standard Kernel loads entire

Kernel and base set in RAMKernel and base set in RAM Linux real-time modulesLinux real-time modules

O/S as a Resource O/S as a Resource ManagerManager

Linux ModulesLinux Modules

Speed and efficiency Speed and efficiency Object file link/unlink to Kernel Object file link/unlink to Kernel

during run timeduring run time Example SCSI standard device Example SCSI standard device

driverdriver Portable written in C language Portable written in C language

Single User Single User

Multi-Programming Multi-Programming with with Two ProgramsTwo Programs

Multi-Programming Multi-Programming with with Three ProgramsThree Programs

Virtual MemoryVirtual Memory

Swaps partition on hard diskSwaps partition on hard disk Linux swaps pages in and out of Linux swaps pages in and out of

swap space as required swap space as required More physical memory than exist More physical memory than exist

Linux’s sponsors Linux’s sponsors and contributorsand contributors

SponsorsSponsors– Hewlett PackardHewlett Packard– IBMIBM– IntelIntel

ContributorsContributors– Caldera Inc.Caldera Inc.– Corel CorporationCorel Corporation– OracleOracle– SGISGI– Turbolinux Inc.Turbolinux Inc.– Red Hat SoftwareRed Hat Software

Linux Corporate Linux Corporate CustomersCustomers

Air New ZealandAir New Zealand Deutsche TelekomDeutsche Telekom 7-Eleven7-Eleven WolfermansWolfermans Wesport River WineryWesport River Winery Satellite RecordsSatellite Records Jet Propulsion LaboratoryJet Propulsion Laboratory Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State University TriatonTriaton

Fear, Uncertainty, and Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt (FUD)Doubt (FUD)

Can we trust production data to a Can we trust production data to a free software program?free software program?

Free softwareFree software Linux is a Unix clone cut down to Linux is a Unix clone cut down to

run on a PCrun on a PC Why compromise just to save a Why compromise just to save a

few bucks?few bucks? Linux is insecureLinux is insecure

Hardware Hardware RequirementsRequirements Linux hardware requirementsLinux hardware requirements LimitationsLimitations DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Motherboard and CPU Motherboard and CPU RequirementsRequirements

Does not support the Intel 286 and Does not support the Intel 286 and earlier processors.earlier processors.

Supports the Intel 80386, 80486, Supports the Intel 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III, etc.Pentium III, etc.

Memory RequirementsMemory Requirements

Linux requires very little memory to runLinux requires very little memory to run You should have a minimum 2 MB of You should have a minimum 2 MB of

RAMRAM The more memory, the faster it will runThe more memory, the faster it will run 8 MB is enough for personal use8 MB is enough for personal use 16 MB or more for a power users16 MB or more for a power users

Hard Drive Controller Hard Drive Controller RequirementsRequirements

You can run a minimal system You can run a minimal system completely from floppy. completely from floppy.

You must have an AT-Standard You must have an AT-Standard (16-bit) controller(16-bit) controller

Rule for non-SCSI controllersRule for non-SCSI controllers

Hard Drive Space Hard Drive Space RequirementsRequirements A complete system requires 10-20MB of A complete system requires 10-20MB of

memory space memory space A larger system requires 100-150MBA larger system requires 100-150MB Installing Linux on a system with so little Installing Linux on a system with so little

disk space will omit useful applicationsdisk space will omit useful applications Linux as a workstation: minimum of 600 Linux as a workstation: minimum of 600

MBMB Linux as a server: minimum 1.6 GB of Linux as a server: minimum 1.6 GB of

free disk space neededfree disk space needed

Monitor & Video Adaptor Monitor & Video Adaptor RequirementsRequirements

Linux supports all Hercules, CGA, Linux supports all Hercules, CGA, EGA, VGA, IBM monochrome, and EGA, VGA, IBM monochrome, and super VGA video cards and super VGA video cards and monitors for the default text-monitors for the default text-based interfacebased interface

Other Supported Other Supported HardwareHardware

CD-ROM storageCD-ROM storage SoundboardsSoundboards Pointing Devices (Mouse, Pointing Devices (Mouse,

trackball)trackball) PrintersPrinters

Linux PerformanceLinux Performance

Key factors: features and performanceKey factors: features and performance It runs on a wider range of hardware It runs on a wider range of hardware

platforms and run on less expensive platforms and run on less expensive and powerful systems.and powerful systems.

Linux exceeds other operating Linux exceeds other operating systems in its multiprocessing systems in its multiprocessing capabilities and its support of capabilities and its support of advanced TCP/IP networking facilitiesadvanced TCP/IP networking facilities

Linux PerformanceLinux Performance

Linux does not restrict the number of Linux does not restrict the number of clients connected at the same timeclients connected at the same time

It provides more reliable data storage It provides more reliable data storage than other operating systemsthan other operating systems

Linux provides advanced disk Linux provides advanced disk management (RAID) which makes it management (RAID) which makes it possible to automatically duplicate possible to automatically duplicate stored data on several hard drivesstored data on several hard drives

Applications:Applications: Word ProcessorWord Processor SpreadsheetSpreadsheet PowerPointPowerPoint SchedulerScheduler DatabasesDatabases

LINUX SOFTWARELINUX SOFTWARE (RedHat (RedHat Distribution)Distribution)

Development SoftwareDevelopment Software

All development software is free and All development software is free and covered under the GNU public License covered under the GNU public License

Linux systems come standard with C Linux systems come standard with C and C++ compilers and an assembler and C++ compilers and an assembler

BASIC, FORTRAN, LISP, Pascal, Perl, BASIC, FORTRAN, LISP, Pascal, Perl, Python are standardPython are standard

Open SourceOpen Source– Bugs are discovered and corrected Bugs are discovered and corrected

almost immediately almost immediately

GamesGames

Large varieties of gamesLarge varieties of games Recently turned their attention to Recently turned their attention to

producing slick, commercial 3-D producing slick, commercial 3-D gamesgames

Some common gamesSome common games– CHESS, GO, JEZZBALLCHESS, GO, JEZZBALL

Scientific SoftwareScientific Software

TeX and LaTeX scientific TeX and LaTeX scientific typesetting packages typesetting packages

Scientific applications for Scientific applications for astronomy, biology, cartography, astronomy, biology, cartography, chemistry, laboratory work, chemistry, laboratory work, mathematics, graphics, and mathematics, graphics, and visualization, available.visualization, available.

Often used to laboratories Often used to laboratories

System SoftwareSystem Software

Linux supports Linux supports – parallel processing parallel processing – RAIDRAID

Has resources for managing Has resources for managing – all sorts of hardware issues all sorts of hardware issues – power management, multi-user/multi-power management, multi-user/multi-

group systems administration, group systems administration, backup, and system diagnostics.backup, and system diagnostics.

UtilitiesUtilities

Disk and file manipulation, Disk and file manipulation, Terminal customization, Terminal customization,

compression, archiving,compression, archiving, Scripting and other small but Scripting and other small but

important things that keep a home important things that keep a home computer running at its best.computer running at its best.

Linux has command-line and even Linux has command-line and even graphic interfaces graphic interfaces

COSTCOST

Microsoft Office Microsoft Office 2000 Standard:2000 Standard:

Microsoft Microsoft Office2000 Prof:Office2000 Prof:

OpenOffice1.0: OpenOffice1.0: mostly free of mostly free of costcost

StarOffice 6.0:StarOffice 6.0:

$181.95$181.95

$299.99$299.99

$39.99$39.99

$69.99 $69.99

Previewing the LinuxPreviewing the LinuxOperating SystemOperating System Switch Desktop Switch Desktop

Future of LinuxFuture of Linux

Constantly on the news whether computer Constantly on the news whether computer or business relatedor business related

Difficult to install and use Difficult to install and use Free therefore insecure (Japanese gov.) Free therefore insecure (Japanese gov.) Lack of support (IBM Red hat RHCE)Lack of support (IBM Red hat RHCE)

Q and AQ and A

What is an operating system?What is an operating system? What is the difference between open What is the difference between open

source and commercial proprietary source and commercial proprietary software?software?

What is Linux?What is Linux? What is a Kernel module?What is a Kernel module? What are the benefits of using What are the benefits of using

modules?modules?

Thank Thank YouYou