liquids & solids dr. ron rusay fall 2001. states of matter
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Liquids & Solids
Dr. Ron RusayFall 2001
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States of Matter
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Changes of State
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Energy of Phase Changes
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Heating Curve for H2O
Calculate the heat necessary to completely boil 1.0 kg of ice that is at -5oC.
Cpice=0.50 cal/g xoC
Cpliq=1.00 cal/g xoC
Cpvap=0.48 cal/g xoC
Hfusion= +80.0 cal/g
Hvapor= +540 cal/g
+722.5 kcal = +3,023 kJ
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Vapor Pressure vs. Temperature
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Vapor Pressures of Liquids
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Periodicity: Boiling Point
Boiling Point: Temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure. Higher vapor pressure : Lower boiling point.
Does water boil at the same temperature in Concord and Tahoe?
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Boiling Points of Simple Hydrogen Compounds
What can explain the trends?
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Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds in H2O
Besides oxygen, both nitrogen and fluorine form intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Other atoms DO NOT.
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Views of Water
104.5o Angle Dipole Moment
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Dissolution of NaCl in Water
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Intermolecular ForcesIonic & Polar Interactions: + and - ; + ---- -
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Ion-Dipole Forces
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Dipole-Dipole Forces
FG11_004.JPG
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Surface Forces of a Liquid
Viscosity & Surface Tension of liquids are directly related to the strength of the intermolecular forces:
Eg. Water versus gasoline. 1.00 vs 0.20 centipoise and 70 vs. 15 dynes/cm 2 respectively.
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Close Packing
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Close Packed Spheres
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Three Types of Crystalline Solids
Ionic Molecular Metallic
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Diamond and Graphite
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Cross Section of a Metal
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Crystal Lattice
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Cubic Lattices
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Space-Filling Cubic Cells
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Crystal Lattice of NaCl
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Unit Cell of NaCl
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Unit Cells
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X-Ray Crystallography
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Table 11.6