A

A.A.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anthropos.

American Anthropologist.

Archives B.Z. Archives Netherlands Department of Internal Affairs, The Hague.

Bijdragen Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Bijdragen of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthro­pology).

B.K.1.

B.S.c.B.

B.S.G.A.E.

C.A.

C.l.

D.G.B.

E.N.!.

F.E.

H.

I.A.E.

I.G.

I.T.-M.

J,A.S.

KI.T.L.V.

Kl.-M.

KM.

KM.T.

KT.

Berichten uit Ned. Oost-Indie voor den leden van den Sint-Claver Bond (Despatches from the Netherlands East Indies for members of the St. Claver Association).

Bull. Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur Anthr. u. Ethn. (Bulletin of the Swiss Society of Anthropology and Ethnology).

Current Anthropology.

Cultureel Indonesie (Cultural Aspects of Indonesia).

Deutsche Geographische Bliitter (Gennan Geographical Papers).

Encyclopedie Nederlands-Indie (Encyclopaedia of the Netherlands East Indies).

Ergebnisse der Frobenius-Expedition, 1937-3&.

De Heerbaan (The High Rood - a bimonthly Mission Journal).

Internationales Archiv fur Ethnographie (International Archives of Ethnography), Leiden.

De Indische Gids (Dutch East Indies Journal).

Koninkliik Instituut voor de Tropen, Amsterdam, afd. Hand­schriften (Royal Institute for the Tropics, Amsterdam, Manu­script Department).

Journal of Asian Studies.

Kon. Inst. Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology), Leiden.

Kon. Inst. Taal-, Land- en V olkenkunde, Leiden, Manuscript Section.

Katholieke Missie (Roman Catholic Mission).

Koloniaal Missietijdschrift (Colonial Mission Journal).

Koloniaal Tijdschrift (Colonial Journal).

K.V.I.I.

M.

Madjalah

M.N.Z.

M.T.Z.

N.B.G.K.W.

N.I.O.N.

T.B.B.

T.B.G.

T.N.

T.N.A.G.

T.N.I.

V.B.G.

V.K.I.

V.K.N.A.w.

V.M.K.A.W.

V.N.B.G.

W.K.I.

Z.M.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 481

Koninklijke Ver. Ind. Instituut (Royal Indonesia Institute Society).

Het Missiewerk (Missionary Work), 's-Hertogenbosch.

See T.B.G.

M ededeelingen van wege het N ederlandsche Zendelinggenootschap (Reports by the Netherlands Mission Society).

Mededceiingen Tijdschrift voor Zendingswetenschap (Bulletin for Missionary Science).

N otulen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap voor Kunsten en Weten­schappen (Minutes of meetings of the Batavia Society of Arts and Sciences).

N ederiandsch-huiiii, Gud en Nieuw (Dutch East Indies, Old and New).

Tijdschrift van het Binnenlandsch Bestuur (Civil Service Jour­nal).

Tijdschrift voor [ndische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van het Bataviaasch Genootschap (The Batavia Society Journal of Indo­nesian Linguistics and Anthropology), continued as Madjalah untuk llmu Bahasa, Ilmlt Bllmi dan Kebudajaan.

Tropisch Nederland (Netherlands Territories in the Tropics).

Tijdschrift Nederlands Aardrijksklmdig Genootschap (Journal of the Netherlands Geographical Society).

Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-l1uliii (Journal for the Netherlands East Indies).

VerhOluielingcn van het Bataviaasch Genootschap voor Kunstl!ll en Wetenschappen (Transactions of the Batavia Society of Arts and Sciences).

Verhandelingm van het Koninklijk instituut voor Taal-, Land­en Volkenkunde (Transactions of the Royal Institute of Linguis­tics and Anthropology).

V crhandelingen KOIlinklijke N ederlandse Akademie v. Weten­schappen (Transactions of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences).

Verslagen en Mededelillgen der Koninklijke Akademie v. Weten­schappen (Reports and Communications of the Royal Academy of Sciences).

Verhaluilungen der N aturforschenden Gesellschaft Basel (Trans­actions of the Natural Science Society of Basle).

Werken van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Vol­kenkunde (Publications of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology) .

Zeitschrift fur Missions Wissenschaft (Missionary Science Jour­nal).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. TIMOR

a. Unpublished Sources. See also Ormeling, 1956, pp. 256-269. The majority of the reports mentioned by him are not present in the Netherlands, and most of them are completely lost.

Agerbeek, J. H., 1912. Nota over Belu (Report on Be1u), 33 pp., LT.-M. Anon. lets over het eiland Timor en Onderhoorigheden (A few words about the

Island of Timor and Dependencies) (shortly after 1819), KI.-M. Anon. 1912. Nota over het eiland Timor (Report on the Island of Timor), 158 pp.,

LT.-M. Anon. 1925. Nota over Amarassi (Report on Amarassi), Archives B.Z. Anon. 1930. Militaire Memorie van Timor (Military Memorandum on Timor),

143 pp., LT.-H. Brouwer, A. G., Geheime nota betreffende Timor en in 't bijzonder betreffende die

landen, welke de N ederlandsche vlag voeren (Confidential Report concerning Timor and in particular the princedoms which fly the Dutch flag), Kupang, 1849, KL-M.

Couvreur, A., Letter 20th Nov., 1923, with Report on Amfoan by A. R. van Lith, Archives B.Z.

- 1924. Nota over organisatie van het zelfbestuur in Belu (Report on the organi­zation of the autonomous government of Belu).

- 1924. MenlOrie van overgave van den aftredenden resident van Timor en Onder­horigheden (Memorandum written on the termination of his duties by the retiring Resident of Timor and Dependencies), 142 pp. + appendix.

Cunningham, C. E., 1962. People of the Dry Land. A study of the social organi­sation of an Indonesian People. Thesis, Oxford.

Francillon, G., 1967. Some Matriarchic Aspects of the Social Structure of the Southern Tetlin of Middle Timor, Doctoral Thesis, Australian National Univ­ersity, Canberra.

Francis, E., Verslag van den Kommissaris voor Timor (Report by the Governor of Timor), 1832, K.I.-M.

Franssen Herderschee, B. H., Nota van Toelichting betreffende de zelfbesturende landschappen en rijken van Midden-Timor (Explanatory Memorandum con­cerning the self-governing princedoms and realms of Central Timor), Kapan 1909, K.L-M.

- Bijdrage tot de kennis van Midden (Nederlandsch) Timor en de Bergtimoreezen (Contribution to the knowledge of Central (Dutch) Timor and the Mountain Timorese), Kapan 1909, KI.-M.

Grader, Ch. J., Dorpsstrllktuur Bali. Nota 8 september 1965 (Village Structure in Bali. Report 8th September, 1965). Owned by the writer.

Gramberg, 1913. Nota over Amanoeban (Report on Amanuban). Appendix to Memorandum by Resident Maier, Archives B.Z.

- 1917. Algemene memorie over Noord- en Midden-Timor (General Memoran­dum on North and Central Timor), 19 pp., I.T.-M.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 483

Haan, H. C. de, 1947. Nota over Beloe (Report on Belu), 28 pp. with 24 appendices. Owned by the writer.

Kempen, C. J. van, 1917. Nota over Zuid-Timor en eilanden (Report on South Timor and islands), 148 pp., I.T.-M.

Koopmans, 1917. Nota over West-Midden-Timor (Report on West Central Timor), 195 pp., I.T.-M.

Koot, A. van, 1913. Toembaba. Lith, P. C. A. van, 1921. Nota over Zuid-Midden-Timor (Report on South Central

Timor), 90 pp., I.T.-M. Overakker, 1926. Nota over Beloe (Report on Belu), 45 pp., I.T.-M. Pelon or Pilon, J. B., Description abregee de I'lle de Timor et ses Environs.

Batavia, around 1778, K.I.-M. Reijntjes, W. H. G., 1948. Nota over ZlIid-Midden-Timor (Report on South

Central Timor), 120 pp. + 20 appendices. Owned by the writer. Rooy, de, 1908. M emorie omtrent de toestand van het gewest Timor en Ollder­

hoorigheden (Memorandum on the conditions in the territory of Timor and Dependencies), 23 pp., Archives B.Z.

Ruychaver, 1918. Nota over het landschap Kocpang (Report on the princedom of Kupang), 42 pp., I.T.-M.

Steinmetz, 1915. Nota over Insana en Beboki, met proces-verbaal van vergadering van volkshoofden Ie Mal/besi, 17 maart 1916, en te Wini, 30 augustus 1915 (Report on Insana and Beboki, with minutes of the meeting of chiefs in Maubesi, 17th March, 1916, and in Wini, 30th August, 1915). (Owned by the writer.)

- Nota betreffeOOe de Zelfbestllrende Landschappen Miomaffo, Insana en Beboki gelegen in de onderafdeling Noord-Midden-Timor der Residenlie Timor en OOOerltorigheden (Report concerning the self-governing princedoms of Mio­maffo, Insana and Beboki in the district North Central Timor of the Residency of Timor and Dependencies). (Owned by the writer.)

Venema, 1916. Nota over ZlIid-Midden-Timor (Report on South Central Timor), 208 pp., I.T.-M.

Visscher, G. B., Daghregister der voornaamste voorvallen op hel E::;laOO Timor, gehouden door den Onderkoopman en Opperhoofd dezes C omptoirs, C. B. Visscher, van 2 september 1730 tot 3 sept. 1731 (Journal of the most important events on the Island of Timor, kept by the Onderkoopman and Opperhoo/d of this Factory, G. B. Visscher, from 2nd September, 1730, to 3rd September, 1731), 210 pp., Maritime Museum, Amsterdam.

- idem, from 20th August, 1734, to 19th August, 1735, 202 pp., KI.-M. Vroklage, B. A. G., Field Notes. Archives Mission House S.V.D., in Tetringen. Weidner, C. H., 1932. Nota van Zuid-Midden-Timor (Report on South Central

Timor), 26 pp., I.T.-M. Wouden, F. A. W. van, 1949. Enige aantekeningen bij de etlmografisehe literatuHr

betreffeOOe Timor (Some notes on the ethnographic literature on Timor), 5 pp. Owned by the writer.

b. Published Sources. Anonymous, 1847. Offeranden op het eiland Samauw; ook van een klein kind ..

(Offerings on the Island of Samau, also of a small child ... ), T.N.I. IX, deel 4, p. 146.

Anonymous, 1849. Bijdrage tot de kennis van het eiland Timor en Onderhoorig­heden (Contribution to the knowledge of the island of Timor and Dependen­cies), T.N.!: XI, pp. 307-324.

Anonymous, 1854. Moord. Volksbegrippen (Murder. Popular Beliefs), Tijdsehri/l

484 THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE ATONI

van het Recht (Law Journal), IX, pp. 784-786. Anonymous, 1878. Ons prestige op Timor (Our prestige in Timor), T.N.!. XL,

deel 1, pp. 202-204. Anonymous, 1892. Het landschap Amarassi (The Princedom of Amarassi), Tijd-

schrift voor het Binnenlandsch Bestuur (Civil Service Journal) VII, pp. 201-227 Alphen, R. van, 1933. Hongersnood (Famine), M.T.Z. LXXVII, pp. 116-130. - 1950. Een le'oe onderzoek op Timor (A le'u investigation in Timor), H. III. Asselbergs, A. J., 1902. Geschiedkundige bijzonderheden over den Solor- en

Timorarchipel (Historical particulars on the Solor and Timor Archipelago), B.S.C.B., Nijmegen, No.3, pp. 53-73 and No.4, pp. 51-67.

B ... , D., 1852. Het eiland Timor (The Island of Timor), T.N.!. XIV, 1, pp. 199-224.

B ... , J. P. de, 1909. Timor herinneringen (Reminiscences of Timor), Indisch Militair Tijdschrift (Dutch East Indies Military Journal), pp. 1205-1210.

Barge, J. A. J., 1942. Contributions to the anthropology of Timor and Flores after data collected by Dr. B. A. G. Vroklage, S.V.D. Pigmentation and hairgrowth in Beloe (Timor), Acta N eerlandica morphologiae IV, pp. 329-356.

Basilio de Sa, Arthur, 1955-1958. Documenta,ao para a Historia das Missoes do padroada Portugues do Oriente, Lisbao 2-5 (1550-1605), (discontinued).

Bastian, A., 1885. Timor und umliegende Inseln. In: Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, Berlin, Lieferung 2, pp. 1-31.

Berthe, L., 1959. Sur quelques distigues Buna'. (Timor centra!), B.K.!. CXV, pp. 336-371.

Biermann, P. B., 1924. Die alte Dominikanermission auf den Solorinseln, Z.M. XIV, pp. 12-48.

Bijlmer, H. J. T., 1929. Outlines of the Anthropology of the Timor Archipelago, W eltevreden-Batavia.

Bik, J. Th., 1864. Reis naar Bima, Timor, enz. (Journey to Bima, Timor, etc.), T.B.G. XIV, pp. 125-183.

Bloembergen, S., 1940. Verslag van een exploratietocht naar de eilanden Timor en We tar (Report of a Voyage of Exploration to the Islands of Timor and Wetar), Tectona XXXIII, pp. 101-196.

Bor., L., 1663. Amboinse oorlogen door Arnold de Vlamillg van Oudshoorn (Amboinese wars by Arnold de Vlaming van Oudshoorn), Delft.

Bork-Feltkamp, A. J. van, 1951. A contribution to the anthropology of Timor and Roti after data collected by Dr. W. L. Meyer, Amsterdam.

Boxer, C. R., 1947. The Topasses of Timor, Mededelingen 73, Kon. Ver. Ind. Instituut te Amsterdam.

- 1948. Fidalgos in the Far East, 1550-1770, The Hague. - 1949. Some Sources for the History of Timor. Far Eastern Quarterly IX,

pp. 63-65. - 1958. Portuguese and Dutch colonial rivalry, 1641-1661. Studia, Centro de

Estudos Hist6ricos Ultrarnarinos II, pp. 7-42. - 1965. The Dutch Seaborne Empire. 1600-1800. - 1967. Fransisco Vieira de Figueiredo: A Portuguese Merchant-Adventurer in

South East Asia, 1624-1667, V.K.!. Vol. LII. Bruynis, J. L., 1919. Twee landschappen op Timor (Arnarassi en Zuid-Beloe),

(Two Princedoms in Timor (Amarassi and South Belu», T.N.A.G., 2nd s., XXXVI, pp. 169-198.

Capell, A., 1943-45. Peoples and Languages of Timor, Oceania, Sydney, XIV, pp. 191-219; 311-337; XV, pp. 19-49.

- 1945. Review of A. B. Mendes Correa, Timor Portugues, Oceania XVI, pp. 177-178.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 485

1962. Oceanic Linguistics Today, C.A. III, pp. 371-428. Carthaus, E., 1910. Die Insel Timor, Clobus XCVIII. Castro, A. de, 1862. Resume historique de I'etablissement portugais a Timor, des

usages et coutumes de ses habitants, T.B.C. XI, pp. 465-506. - 1864. Une rebellion a Timor en 1861, T.B.C. XIII. - 1867. As Possessoes Portugue::as lUI Oceania. Timor. Lisboa. - 1872. Timor et les Timoriens. Revue Maritime et Coloniale, Paris. Chau J1I-kua, 1912. His work 011 the Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and

Thirteenth cent1lries, entitled Chu-fan-chl. Trans\. and annat. F. Hirth and W. W. Rockhill, Saint Petersburg.

Chijs, ]. A. van der, 1872. Koepang omstreeks 1750 (Kupang around the year 1750), T.B.C. XVIII, pp. 209-227.

- 1879. Het inlandsch onderwijs in de residentie Timor in 1871 (Native Educ­ation in the Residency of Timor in 1871), T.B.C. XXV, pp. 1-51.

- Geschiedenis van eenige gouvernementeele inlandsche scholen op Timor (His­tory of a few government schools in Timor), T.B.C. XXV, pp. 52-71.

Cornelissen, P. F. ]. J., 1928-1929. Totemisme op Flores en Timor (Totemism in Flores and Timor), N.l.O.N. XIII, pp. 331-344.

CO/'pus DiplomatiClim Neerlando-Indicum, edited by J. E. Heeres, Vols. I-IV, and F. W. Stapel, Vols. V and VI, 1907-1955.

Couvreur, A. ]. L., and B. M. Goslings, S.]., De Timorgroep en de Zuid-Wester­Eilanden (The Timor Archipelago and the South-Western islands), and Weven en Ikatten (Weaving and Ikat techniques), a guide book of the Ethnological Museum of Amsterdam, Vo\. X, 1927-33.

Cowan, H. K. ]., 1963. Le Buna' de Timor: une langue "Ouest-Papoue", B.K.l. CXIX, pp. 387-400.

Cunningham, C. E., 1964a. Order in the Atoni House, B.K.l. CXX, pp. 34-69. - 1964b. Atoni Borrowing of Children; an Aspect of Mediation. In: Proceedings

of the 1964 Ann1lal Spring Meeting of the American Ethnological Society, Seattle, pp. 21-37.

- 1965. Order and Change in an Atoni Diarchy, Southwest Journal of Anthro­pology XXI, pp. 359-383.

- 1966. Categories of Descent Groups in a Timor village, Oceania XXXVII, pp. 13-21.

- 1967. a. Recruitment to Atoni Descent Groups, Anthr. Quarterly XL, pp. 1-12. - 1967. b. Soba: An Atoni Village of West Timor. In: Village in Indonesia,

ed. Koentjaraningrat. Cornell Univ. Press. D. 1850. Reis naar het rijk van Amanoebang op Timor, in October 1850 (Journey

to the realm of Amanubang in Timor in October, 1850), T.N.l. XIII, 2, pp. 153-179.

Daerah Timor dahulu sampai sekarang. In: Handbook Republik Indonesia. Volume entitled: Propinsi Sunda Ketjil. Djakarta, pp. 209-231. No date.

Daghregister (1896-1913) gehouden in 't casteel Batavia, anno 1624-1682 (Journal (1896-1913) kept in Fort Batavia, the years 1624-1682), 23 vols., Batavia.

Dam, Pieter van, 1931. Beschrijvillge van de Oost-Indische Compagnie (Descrip­tion of the Dutch East India Co.), ed. Dr. F. W. Stapel, The Hague.

Dijk, L. ]. van, 1925-1934. De zelfbesturende landschappen in de Residentie Timor en Onderhaarigheden (The self-governing princedoms in the Residency of Timor and Dependencies), I.C. XLVII, 1, pp. 528-540; 2, pp. 618-623; LVI, pp. 708-712.

Donselaar, W. M., 1864. Het inlandsche christendom en schoolwezen op Timor in 1862 (Native Christianity and the school system in Timor in 1862), M.N.z. VIII, pp. 24-60.

486 THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE ATONI

- 1882. De Christelijke zending in de Residentie Timor (The Protestant Mission in the Residency of Timor), M.N.z. XXVI, pp. 269-289.

Doxie, ]. K., 1927. Godsdienstig en zedelijk leven op Timor (Religious and moral life in Timor), M.N.z. LXXI, pp. 236-249.

Duarte Barbosa, The Book of - (1518), London 1918-1921. M. L. Dames ed. Dungen Gronovius, ]. D. van den, 1849. Het Amanoebangsche Rijk op Timor

(The Realm of Amanubang in Timor), T.N.!. XI, 2, pp. 62-65. Eerde, ]. C. van, 1928. De Oudste berichten omtrent den Indischen Archipel (The

Earliest Information concerning the Indonesian Archipelago), T.N.A.G., 2nd s., XLV, pp. 577-592.

Endert, F. H., 1946. Droogte resistente gewassen (Drought-resistant Crops), Tectona XXXVI, pp. 165-214.

Ezerman, H. E. K., 1917. Timor en onze politieke verhouding tot Portugal (Timor and our Political relationship with Portugal), K.T. VI, pp. 865-896; 1047-1078; 1209-1232.

Faria de Morias, A., 1934. Subsidios para a hist6ria de Timor. Bastora. - 1943. Solor e Timor. Lisboa. Felgas, H. A. Estevas, 1956. Timor Portugues, Lisboa. Fiedler, H., 1929. Die Insel Timor, Friederichssegen-Lahn. Fischer, H. Th., 1957. Some notes on kinship systems and relationship terms of

Sumba, Manggarai and South Timor. I.AB., XLVIII, 1, pp. 1-32. Fokkens, F., 1914. De niel/we regeling der grenzen tusschen N ederlandsch- en

Portugeesch Timor (The new border adjustment between Dutch and Portuguese Timor), The Hague.

Forbes, H. 0., 1884. On some of the Tribes of the Island of Timor. J. Royal Anthropological Societ~,. XIII, pp. 402-429.

- 1885. A naturalist's wandering in the Eastern Archipelago. London. Foy, W., and O. Richter, 1899. Zur Timor Ornamentik. Francis, E. A., 1838. Timor in 1831, T.N'/' I, 1, pp. 353-369, 374-400, pp. 25-53. Galestin, A. A., 1908. Huwelijksrecht en huwelijksgebruiken in den Timoreeschen

Archipel (Marriage laws and marriage customs in the Timor Archipelago), I.G. XXX, 1, pp. 594-613.

Gebuis, L., 1939. Ontwikkeling van den Timor Archipel (Development of the Timor Archipelago), Koloniale Studien (Colonial Studies), Weltevreden (Batavia), XXIII, pp. 264-278.

Geuns, S. ]. van, 1927. Aard en wezen van het Inlandsch zelfbestuur in het land­schap Miomaffo op Timor (Nature and essence of the autonomous government of the Princedom of Miornaffo in Timor), K.T. XVI, pp. 466-472.

Gramberg, ]. S. G., 1872. Een rnaand in de binnenlanden van Timor (A month in the interior of Timor), V.B.G., Batavia, Vol. XXXVI, pp. 161-217.

Grensaangelegenheden op Timor (Border Issues in Timor), 1911. Appendix Koloniaal Verslag (Colonial Report). With map.

Groeneveldt, W. P., 1880. Notes on the Malay Archipelago and Malacca com­piled from Chinese sources. V.B.G. Vol. XXXIX, 1, pp. 1-144.

Grijzen, H. ]., 1904. Mededeelingen omtrent Beloe of Midden-Timor (Information on Belu or Central Timor), V.B.G. LIV.

- 1924. Herinneringen aan de grensmeting op Timor (Reminiscenes of the delimitation of the borders in Timor), 1898, K.T. XIII.

Haga, A., 1882a. De Mardijkers van Timor. Met bronnen en aantekeningen (The Mardekers of Timor. With sources and notes), T.B.G. XXVII, pp. 191-294.

- 1882b. De slag bij Penefoey en Vendrig Lip (The Battle of Penfui and Vendrig Lip), T.B.G. XXVII, pp. 389-408.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 487

Hamy, E. T., 1875. Sur l'anthropologie de I'ile de Timor. Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop. de Paris X, 2nd s., pp. 224-227.

Hessing, J., 1921. De herkomst van het paard op Timor (The origin of the horse in Timor), De Timorbode VI, pp. 238-239.

Heijman, A., 1895. De Timortraktaten in 1859 en 1893 (The Timor Treaties of 1859 and 1893), Doctoral Thesis, Leiden.

Heijman, A., 1914. Sentence Arbitrale. Heijmering, G., 1845. Zeden en gewoonten op het eiland Timor (Ways, customs

and traditions in the Island of Timor), T.N.I. VII, 3, pp. 121-146, 273-313. - 1846. Een inlandsche oorlog op het eiland Timor (A native war in the Island

of Timor), T.N.I. VIII, 3, pp. 204-222. - 1847. Bijdragen tot de Geschiedenis van Timor (Contributions to the History

of Timor), T.N.!. IX, 3, pp. 1-62, 121-232. Hiddema, W., 1949. De veehouderij op Timor (Cattle raising in Timor), Hemera

Zoa, Bogor, LVI, pp. 334-363. Hogendorp, W. van, 1779, 1780. Beschrijving van het eiland Timor (Description

of the Island of Timor), V.B.C. I, pp. 273-306, II, pp. 63-83. Hollander, J. J. de, 1895. Handleiding bij de beoefening der land- en volkenkunde

van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie (Geographical and Anthropological Handbook of the Dutch East Indies). 2 vols. Breda.

Huitema, H., 1950. Bestudering, betekenis en gebruik van grassen en met grassen begroeide gronden (The study, explanation and application of grasses and grasslands), H emera Zoa, Bogor, LVII, pp. 199-213, 287-303, 364-378, 435-466, 502-514.

Jansen, H. A., 1895. Van Noord tot Zuid dwars door bet land der Beloneesche koppensnellers (From north to south, right across the country of the Belunese headhunters), B.S.C.B., Nijmegen.

- 1890. Atapoepoe op het eiland Timor (Atapupu in the Island of Timor), B.S.C.B., pp. 31-52.

- 1891. Atapoepoe, B.S.C.B., pp. 115-121. - 1893. Atapoepoe: Eene belangrijke bekeering. Don Basiushi, de kleine koning

van Naitimoe (Atapupu: an important conversion. Don Basiushi, the little king of Naitimu), B.S.C.B., pp. 76-79.

- 1894. Algemeene beschouwingen over den werking der kath. missionarissen op het eiland Timor (General reflections on the influence of Roman Catholic Missionaries in the Island of Timor), B.S.C.B. 1, pp. 22-39.

Jonker, J. c. G., 1904. Eenige verhalen in talen, gesproken op Soembawa, Timor en omliggende eilanden (Some stories in languages spoken in Sumbawa, Timor and surrounding islands), B.K.I. LVI, pp. 245-289.

- 1914. Kan men bij de Talen van den Indischen Archipel eene oostelijke en eene westelijke afdeling onderscheiden? (Can the languages of the Indonesian Ar­chipelago be distinguished into an eastern and a western group?), V.M.K.A.W., Humanities Section, 4, XII.

- 1915. Rottinccsche Spraakkrmst (A Rotinese Grammar), Leiden. Kate, H. F. C. ten, 1894. Verslag eener reis in de Timorgroep en Polynesie (Report

of a journey in the Timor Archipelago and Polynesia), T.N.A.C. XI, 2e serie, pp. 333-390.

- 1895. Beitrage zur Ethnographie der Timor Gruppe. I.A.E. VII, pp. 242-249; VIII, pp. 1-15.

- 1915. Melanges Anthropologiques III. Indigenes de I'Archipel Timorien. L'An­thropologic XXVI, pp. 519-561.

Keers, W., 1948. An Anthropological survey of the eastern little Sunda Islands.

488 THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE ATONI

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490 THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE ATONI

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LIST OF TIMORESE WORDS

A'atan - helper, assistant. Abeat - guard, warden. Aem - tame. Alatis - supporter, provider. Alinit - highest, supreme. Ahaut - provider. Ahonit - progenitor, male parent. A ina ama - mother - father. Ainaf (generic form aina) - mother. Aisal - sheaf of corn-cobs. A(d)jau - Indon. tjemara, Casuarina. Alallt - witch. Ali' - left-hand side. Alllk - betel purse. Amal (generic form ama) - father,

lineage head, clan head. Ama! nark - head of sub-territory

of princedom. Am!ini - plural form of amaf. Amnasi, mnasi - elders. Anah (generic form ana) - child, little. Ana fetof - daughter. Ana'-pah - guardian of the realm. Ana'plenat - ruler, he who holds the

reins of government. Ana'ltd - bearer of staff, ruler, envoy

of ruler. An mane! - son. AI!e - rice. Apinat - the radiant one, used with

reference to Dis Neno and to the ruler.

Apuf - small basket used in harvesting. Asak - heap, pile. Am - dog. Ate - slave. Atis - breast beam of weaving-loom. Atiat le'u - guardian of sacred objects,

ruler. A toni - human being, man. Atoni ama! - ama! of bride-giving lime,

mother's elder brother. Atoni Pah Meta - the people of the

dry land (d. toni).

Atltpas - "he who sleeps", the ruler. Au - I, me, my. Auk - (my) body, self. A uni - lance.

B a' at - root. Baba! - mother's brother, father's sister's

husband, masculine affine of preceding generation.

Bab honit - mother's brother. Ba'ef - sister's husband, wife's brother,

masculine affine of same generation. Ba'ef mane! - wife's brother. Ba'ef fetal - sister's husband. Bahan - wooden enclosing fence. Baki - stone, stone fence. Bak-bak - altar for Dis Pah in garden

plots, itself also referred to as Dis Pah.

Be'i! (generic form be'i) - grandmother, female ancestor.

Be'i-na'i - ancestors (female and male). Belu - friend. B enu - friend. B enas - matchet. Besi - crocodile, iron. Bi - designation for women, e.g. Bi Tal

(d. N ai'), and for villages or districts, e.g. Bikomi.

Bian - companion (au bian, au benu - said with reference to totem and to a head taken in headhunting).

Bibi - goat. Bidjaei - buffalo. Bilel - woman. Bikasi - horse. Bllinis - cotton-mangle, small press used

for seeding cotton. Boas - ten. Bone - round-dance. Bone nakal - dance performed for head

taken in headhunting. Bo'o - large basket (Ambenu). BWlllk - curse, taboo sign.

502 THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE ATONI

Eka hoe - the filling in of the ditch. Ena - door. Etu - yard, garden laid out for a head.

Fali - pig. Fanu - war formula. Fatu - rock, cliff. Fatu Ilu - sacred, awe-inspiring cliff. Fe lalan - the woman (from bilel) of

the (trodden) path. Feto - feminine, sister. Fetol-naul - sister-brother. Fetor, lettor - district head. Fini - portion of harvest put aside for

planting or for a mortuary feast. Finiklios - soul-bird. Funan - moon.

Ha - four. Habu - mist, vapour. Hakel - messenger. H alak - bench. H au - tree, wood. H au monel - masculine pole, or altar-

pole outside the house. Hau tes - heartwood. Hin - to know, comprehend. H oka - small weeding-hook. H onu ane - ripping rice grains off

stalk. H onu suni - to draw a sword; in trial

by ordeal: to run hand along sharp edge of sword.

Hulan - rain.

Ike - spindle used in spinning. Ik - elo - "tail grass", imperata cylin­

drica, term used with reference to finest variety of rice.

Ikun - to follow. Inu leko - fine coral beads. Istana - ruler's garden-hut.

Kabesak - acacia. Kabu - servant. Kaidjulan - rain-tree. Kait (-Iolu) - hook, harvesting-hook. Kanal - name, clan, lineage. Kapitan - from the Port. capitao, title

of amaf naek. Kase - strange, foreign. Kasu nono - to shed the nona.

Kasui - basket of lontar leaves. Kato - wife, spouse. Kelili - small oblong basket used in

sacrificing and for serving important guests.

Kenat - rifle. Kesel (keser) - from Dutch keizer

(= emperor). Ketemukungan - Indon. village. K iu - tamarind. Kliuka - pulse-beat. Kluni - lair, lying-place. Kolnel - from Port. coronel. Kolo - bird. Kota - fortified place. Kuan - community, residential unit,

village, hamlet.

Lake - leech. Laksae - transgress, overstep the bounds. Lais Kompani - the rules or adat of the

Dutch. Lais meto - the laws or adat of the dry

(land) = Timor. Lasi - word, matter, ritual, adat, rules,

tradition, case, issue, matter in dispute. Leko - good; kan leko - not good, bad. Llu - sacred, holy, awe-inspiring, sacred

object. Llu abanat - le'u used for taming buf­

faloes. Llu lenu - le'u used in childbirth and

illness. Llu kinat - Ilu for weaving. Llu musu - le'u used against enemy,

enmity le'u. Llu nana - fertility power.

Amllut - broken, evil, bad. Namle'u - it is broken. Mo'et amllu - to do wrong.

Li - left-hand side. Lolu (kait) - harvesting-hook. Lopo - community house, storehouse.

Malela - mouth, speaker of head. M ainikin ma menas - coolness and heat,

well-being and disease. M ainikin ma oetene - coolness and cold,

health and prosperity, well-being. M aka' - cooked rice, food. Malak - mark, from Port. marca. Manas - sun. Manus - betel.

LIST OF TIMORESE WORDS 503

Maputu - melala - fiery, burning and hot.

Mata - eye. M atau - progenitive power. Matsau - to marry. Mate - unripe, green. Malis - tame. M elala - fiery. M enas - heat, disease, evil. Mea - cat, warrior, headhunter. Mea metall - civet-cat. M I' tan - black.

N is metan - black teeth. Nis muti - white teeth.

Meta - dry. Milt - clear, bright.

H uin milt - bright face. Mat miu - bright eye.

Mnane - medicine-man, authority on occult forces.

M namt - long, tall. Mnasi - old. Mo'e - to do, act. M one( I) - masculine, exterior. Mane-Ie - husband and wife. Malo - yellow. Mane le'll - "new man", son-in-law,

masculine affine of younger gener­ation.

Mane lalan - man of the (trodden) path.

Monel atonil - masculine man, head-hunter.

Mtasa - red. Muni - young. Mllsu - enemy. Mum lui - wild enemy. Musu azm - tame enemy. Muti - white. Mutonan - to notify, implying at the

same time "to ask permission" or "to instruct".

N a' a - blood. N aek - large. Na'i - grandfather. Nai - lord, when preceding a name it

designates a man, e.g. Nai Tal. Naidjan - lord. N aidjllf - founder of tribe; great chief Nakai - head. N amso - individual dance. Nallan - interior.

Nanel - daughter-in-law, sister's daugh­ter, wife's brother's daughter.

Naul - brother (sister speaking). N ekan - bamboo ware beam, used for

tautening weaving-loom. N eno - heaven. N eno anan - divine child, the ruler. Neon sa' et - sunrise. Neon tes - sunset. N ('Sit - door. N eus atoni - masculine or men's door. N eus bilel - feminine or women's door. N e'u - right-hand side. Ni - pillar. Ni aina! - maternal pillar. Ni monel - masculine pillar. N i manu - chicken pillar. N ilu - lake, pond. N ikis - pandanus. N itlt - deceased, corpse; death spirit. Niun - leather back-strap of weaving-

loom. Nail N ani - Gold-River. Nona - liana, circle, fertility; d. 11"11

nona and kasu nona. Nuni - taboo, forbidden. Nunllh - banyan. Nus - parrot, Indon. nllri.

01' - water, spring, source. Okan - cucumber. Oke - all. Oko - large basket, poni (Beboki). Olil - younger (brother). Onen - invocation, prayer. ate - to chop. ate nakaf - headhunter. ate naus - augurer.

Pal' - hero, brave. Pah - land, ground, soil. Paha tuakini - lords of the land. Pah Meta - the dry land, the Atoni area. Pah nitu - earth spirit. Pah tual - lord of the earth, earth spirit. Pah in toon - lord of his land, territory. Pane - coconut shell. Pena - com. Pilu - kerchief. P ani - large basket. Poni pah - harvest gifts. Puah-pinang - areca-nut.

S04 THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE ATONI

Puah manus - sirih-pinang (betel-nut), part of bridewea1th.

Puah manus luman or mnuke - first instalment of bridewealth.

Puah mnais-manus mnasi - definite instalments of bridewealth.

Sakan - cry of victory. S eki pena - com harvest. Sepe - split bamboo. Setel - pile. Sial- one of two laths used for making

odd and even strands run cross-wise. Sifo - implement for separating cotton

from its seeds, a bamboo bow with taut string. The cotton is beaten with this.

Sifo napa - the extinguishing of the bamboo.

Smanal - vital force, soul. Ane smanaf - smanaf of rice. P ena smanaf - smanal of com.

Sana! - palace. Suni - sword. Suti - plate on which yarn is spun.

Tah - we eat. Tah leu - the eating of the first corn

harvested. Tani - liana, forest-creeper.

Nona - tani - fertility power. Tanhai - transgress, overstep the

bounds. Tasi leta - feminine sea, sea in the

north, or sea closer to shore. T asi mane - masculine sea, sea in the

south, or sea further away from shore.

Tata! - elder (brother). T etus - straight, erect, righteous.

Timo - water-melon; name for rain brought by easterly monsoon.

Tiut - to watch, to guard. Tobe - sacrificial basket; lid of sacrificial

basket; custodian of the land; properly: ana' tobe - he who holds the sacrificial basket.

Tobe naek - major custodian of land. Tala - large weeding-hook. T oi - entrance to loft. Tala - altar pole. Tala ana - small altar poles of the usi!,

surrounding the sonaf. Tala metan - black altar pole. Tala naek - large altar pole near ruler's

sona/. Tala malo - yellow altar pole. Taka - to sit. Toni - word, see lasi. Tua/ - lord, pI. tua/ini. Tuak - palm-wine. Tup - to sleep. Tuthais - gift of homage, present. Tuna! - hearth, fire-place.

U I - stem, tribe. Uis Nena - Lord of Heaven. Uis Pah. - Lord of the Earth. Ume - house, limited lineage, descent

group. Ume le'u - shrine with objects for war

ritual. U pu-mangga - designation for rains of

westerly monsoon. Unu - formerly. Un unu - in primeval times. Usapi - a tree (Schleichera Oleosa) ;

Indon. kusambi. U sit - lord, pI. uis/ini. Uis/init - supreme lord. Uta - roller (of weaving-loom).

INDEX OF NAMES

Abucar, 135 n65. Adriani, 463, 476. Alphen, van, 75 n94, 272.

Bastide, 10. Beattie, 11. Beltjens, 101. Benardi, 427. Berthe, 26. Berthling, 462. Biermann, 163 n17, 176 n74. Bor, 36, 94, 168. Bork-Feltkamp, 22, 26. Bovill, 35 n50. Boxer, 166, 173 n53, 174 n59, 175, 176. Brouwer, 167. Bylmer, 21.

Capell, 25, 26. Cassirer, 17. Castro, de, 161 n10, 223. Coomeraswamy, 440. Costa, da, 173. Costa, Mateos da, 168. Couvreur, 466. Cowan, 26. Cunningham, 2 nZ, 94, 98, 105, Ill, 113,

128, 136, 138, 185, lS7, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, lOS, 209, 213, 214, 216, 218, 219, 327, 342, 429.

Cuylenburg, van, 173 n57.

Dam, Pieter van, 168 n3S. Drewes, 472 n65. Duarte Barbosa, 40, 50 nZO, 100 n14,

159. Durkheim, 427, 435.

Easton, 399, 400. Eisenstadt, 398. Eliade, 145 n6.

Endert, 34 n46. Evans-Pritchard, 16 n34, 46 n6, 146

n10, 397. Ezerrnan, 37 n54.

Faria de Morais, 315 n27. Felgas, 8 n17, 25 n17, 32 n4O, 173. Ferguson, 32, 33. Fernandes, Francisco, 164. Field, 124 n42. Fischer, 111 n27. Forbes, 68 n83, 233 nl3l. Fortes, 135 n64, 397. Francillon, 116, 122, 132. Fustel de Coulanges, 407.

Geertz, Clifford, 470, 471, 473, 474. Geertz, Hildred, 470, 471, 473. Glotz, 407 n27. Goody, 123 n39. Goris, 463. Goudriaan, 463 n13. Grader, 475. Gramberg, 332. Groeneveldt, 50 n19, 100 n14, 159 n4. Gryzen, 98 n12, 232, 233, 235, 23S, 255.

363.

Haga, 170 n41, 177 n79, 179 nS4, 181 n88 n89.

Hazaart, 346. Heine-Geldern, 472 n66. Hegel, 444. Held, 466 n32, 467. Hertz, 427 n106. Hessing, 49. Heymering, 125, 180 nSS, 327, 328, 331,

335, 337, 338, 340, 354, 358. Hoekstra, 49. Hoff, 458. Hogendorp, van, 322, 367.

S06 THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE ATONI

Holleman, 462 n7. Homay, 168, 173. Hornay, Jan de, 166. Horst, Hendrik ter, 171.

Jonker, 25, 159, 321 n46. Josse1in de Jong, J, P. B. de, 92 n1, 461. Josselin de Jong, P. E. de, 123, 124,

461, 464, 467. J oustra, 136 n70.

Kooig, 14. Koopmans, 316. Korn, 474. Kraemer, 472 n63. Kruyt, 83, 122, 262, 267, 268, 340, 465,

476. Kuperus, 35.

Lalau, 95 010. Lammers, 23. Leach,427. Leitao, 163 016, 176 075. Levi-Strauss, 11, 107, 350 082, 447 042. Lewis, 135. Liefriock,473. Lip, 178, 180. Lith, van, 309 n6. Lloyd, 403. Locher, 93, 148 018, 301, 443. Lowie, 403, 404, 405. LOwitt, 444 n41.

Mabuchi, 465. Maioe, 134. Mair, 404. Martioo, 26 nl8. Matthysen, 367. Mauss, 427. Mead, 102. Meiliok-Roelofs, 165 024. Mendes-Correa, 23. Meyer-Drees, 34. Meyer, Eduard, 404. Midde1koop, 49, 86, 95, 111, 125, 142,

207, 210, 222, 262, 269, 275, 279, 313, 327, 330, 332, 336, 339, 340, 341, 342, 351, 463.

Mohr, 30, 31, 35.

Muller 125, 184, 217, 266, 275, 307, 315, 331.

Murdock, 462 n9.

Needham, 107, 427, 435, 440, 462 n4, 05, 470.

N yessen, 22, 26. Onvlee, 9, 145 08, 442, 477. Oppenheim, 405. Ormeling, 27, 30, 38 n58, 46 05. Ossenbruggeo, van, 259, 472 058, n60.

Paravicioi, 182, 232, 279. Parrioder, 461. Piaget, 252. Pigafetta, 48, 64 n56, 160, 232. Pigeaud, 463, 471 057, 472 n59, 061, n62. Pilon, 322 n52, 325. Pluskow, von, 182. Pouwer, 124, 131. Prins, J., 470 n48.

Radcliffe-Brown, 15, 62 052. Rangel, 36. Rassers, 92 n1, 473. Rattray, 124 n41. Reyntjes, 264 n7, 273. Rockhill, 165. Roo van Alderwelt, de, 49, 177 077, 280

058, 292, 073. Rouffaer, 47 oS. Roux,le, 48, 64 n56, 232.

Salisbury, 129. Sariedas, 161, 235. Schapera, 135 n62. Scharer, 424, 471, 476. Schmidt, 32, 33. Scotte, Apollonius, 160. Sierksma, 403. Smith, 398. Snouck Hurgronje, 124 n46, 470. Southall, 404. Steeois, van, 35. Steinmetz, 37 n54, 83, 86, 203 085, 217,

244. Swellengrebel, 421 n9O.

Tobing, 9 019. Umar Junus, 136.

Valentyn, 168. Vansina, 403. Vaux, de, 135 n68. Veen, v. d., 26 nZo. Venema, 308, 365.

INDEX OF NAMES

V 011 en hoven, van, 224. Vroklage, 21, 124. V rye, de, 160.

Vergouwen, 124 n44, 136 n69. Weidner, 7:15 n35, 7:16 n41. Versluys, 136. Wertheim, 17 n35. Veth, 322. Wiggers, 365. Vieira, Francisco de Figueiredo, 173. Wortelboer, 232, 293 n74.

507

Visscher, 177 n76, n78, 325 n61. Wouden, van, 18 n18, 92 n1, 123, 125, 128, Vlaming v. Oudshoorn, de, 36, 168, 169, 237, 238, 239, 255, 258, 268, 269, 270,

170. 314, 433.

SUBJECf INDEX

Adaptability, 447-459. Administration, 357-361. Administration of justice, 361-367. Affines, see relations. Agnatic lineage, 53. Agriculture, 52-91, 432. Amabi, 320-321, 379. AItW!, 78, 99. AItW! naek, 110, 220, 376-3SO. Amakono, see Miomafo. Amanatun, 310-314, 378. Amanuban, l1S, 132, 307-310, 379,

456-459. Amarasi, 36, 94, lSI, 319. Ambenu, 37, 116, 316-319. Ambilineal, 131. Ambilocal, 131. Amfoan, 75, 117, 162. Animal husbrandy, 46-49. Atoni altW!, see kinship relationships. A tupas, see ruler.

Bali, 421, 463, 474, 475. Bali cow, sapi, 90. Bebold, 1, 2, 22, 34, 114, 120, 185,

239-255. Bikomi, 225, 226, 291-306. Bima, 466. Blood-relations, 99-105. Bride service, see marriage. Bridewea.lth, see marriage. Buffalo, 46, 47. Bunak, 234.

China, Chinese, 159, 161, 165, 233. Circulating connubium, 112, 123-125. Clan, kana!, 92, 93 ff. Classification, classificatory system,

IS, 406-427, 462-464. Oimate, 29-33. Colours, see symbolism of, -. Coral beads, ina, 47. Corn, 52, 67, SO, 86. Counsellors, 207-209.

Crocodile, 322. Crop failure, 70. Culture Province, Indonesian, 18, 460-

479. Custodian of the land, tobe, payment

of -, 55, 76, 96, 130, 224.

Dayak,476. Dogon,464. Diachronic, 16. Dichotomy, 397, 407, 408. - double, 139, 405. - earth - sky, 419. - night - day, 419. - sun - moon, 421. Division of labour, 90. Dominicans, 166, 176, ISO, 368, 449, 450,

469. Drought, 30-32, 70. Dualism, 469. Dutch, see also Hollanders, Netherlands,

51, 165. Dutch East India Co., 177.

Elder, mnasi, 133. Evil, see good. Exogamy, lOS, 139.

Fatule'u, 272, 273. Fauna, 38, 39. Feto-mone, see also kinship relationships,

106, IS7, 417, 420, 422. Fialaran, 255-261. Five-fold division, 98, 188, IS9, 250, 259,

432, 462. Flora, 33-38. Four-fold division, 95, 96, 130, 186, 212,

234, 236, 249, 259, 292, 431, 462. Fowl, 48. Function, 10.

Genealogical, 132, 222. God, Vis Neno, 142-146. Good and evil, 425, 426.

SUBJECT INDEX 509

Hamlet, see village. Harvest, corn, 80, 86. - rice, 83. Harvest gifts, see tribute. Headhunting, see warfare. Hinduism, 20, 476. History, normative past, 17. Hollander, see also Dutch, N etherIands,

51, 165. Horse, 48, 49. House, 428-432. Hunting, 49.

Implements, 83. Insana, see also Mena, 1, 22, 51, 118.

186-231, 376. - structure of, ZOO. Islam, 20, 470.

Java, 20, 470-473. Jokes, practical, 62, 113, 114.

Kanaf, see clan. Kinship relationships,

father - son, 100. father - daughter, 101. brothers, olif-tataf, 102. grandparents - grandchild, 104. bride-giver, bride receiver, feto­mone, 106, 113. father-in-law, atoni amaf, 107, 113, 114.

Kinship system, 92-140, 433-437. Kolnel, 79. Kuan, see village. Kupang, 167-172. - princedom of, 321-325.

Land tenure rights, 224. Languages, 25. - non-Austronesian, 466. Lasi, 153, 333, 383, 424. Le'u concept, 151, 283. - mum, 333. Life cycle, 141. Lineage, lime, 97-100. - locally determined, 130, 131, 132. Liurai, 236, 386, 389. Liurai-Sonba'i, - the entire realm of, 236, 242, 386,

390, 391. - as name for com and rice, 55, 428. - as appellation for ruler, 195.

Lopo, 96, 431, 432. Loro, 236, 238.

M afe/a, 383. Magic, 153. Mainikin, 55 n34, 74, 337, 344, 425, 4MJ,

442. Majapahit, 49, SO, 463. Major custodian of the land, see also

amaf naek, 226. Malaya, 467. Man, origin or creation of -, 147, 148. - conceptions about -, 147-151. - relationship to hidden world, 151-153. Manamas, 27, 29, 37. Mardekers, 178. Marriage - asymmetrical connubium, 129, 138, 140. - bride service, 114, 137. - bridewealth, 112, 114, 115, 116, 137. - cross-cousin, 109, 112. - conclusion of marriage, 116. - exchange of sisters, 109. - within clan, 109, 139. Matrilineal, 116, 117, 118, 120, 122. Matrilocal, 122. Melanesian, 21, 466. Mena, 160. Meromak O'an, see ruler. Meru,427. Minangkabau, 467. Miomafo, 1, 3, 37, 117, 184, 185, 225,

378, 379. - structure of, 279-287. Mnane, 383. Molo, 1, 4, 117, 125, 274-277, 378. M onef atonif, see warfare. Mutis, 121, 275. Myth of Bikomi, 293. - unity of -, 448, 468. - of Sonba'i, 262 ff. - changing -, 298 ff. - of South Belu, 234 ff.

N etherIands, Hollanders, 37, 166 ff. Nobility, 382. Noimuti, 22, 120, 303, 449-453, 469. N 01'10, 116, 349.

Offering, 46. Jlif-tata/, see also kinship relationships,

102 187.

510 THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE ATONI

Patrilineal, 116-122. Patrilocal, 116-122. Penfui, battle of, 179, 181. Physical anthropology, 21-27. Physical environment, 27. Pig, 47. Polarity, 17. Political community, unity of -, 384-

391. Political system, 368-391, 437-440. - Insana., structure of -, 200. - dualism in centre, 202. - dualism centre and exterior, 212. - historical background, 368. - typology of -, 397. - unity of -, 440-444. - adaptability, 447-449. Portugal, Portuguese, 19, 29, 158 ff.

455. Portuguese, the, Timor, 94. Portuguese, Black, see Topasses. Prayer, invocation, 54.

Rainfall, 30-32. Reciprocity, 136, 138. Relations, affinal, 105-114.

babaf, - affines of preceding generation;

bab mone - mo.br.; fa.si.husb.; bab teto - mo.br.wi.; ba' ef - affines of same generation; ba'e mone - fa.si.so., mo.br.so.,

si.husb. ; ba'e feto - fa.si.da., mo.br.da.,

br.wi. ; mone fe'u - da.husb., si.so.,

wi.br.so. ; nanef - so. wi., si.da., wi.hr.dau.

Relations, blood-, 99-105. na'if - grandfather, ancestor; be'if - grandmother, female an­

cestor; amaf - father, father's brother; ainaf - mother, mother's sister,

father's brother's wife; anak - child; an mone - son, brother's son;

wife's sister's son; an feta - daughter, brother's daugh­

ter, wife's sister's daughter; upu - grandchild.

Reversal of usual order, 345, 422-423.

Rice, 52, 83. Ritual, agricultural, 52-91. - error in -, 71. - knowledge of -, 100, 383. Royal marriage, 93. Ruler, 200, 357, 371-374. - acceptance of tribute, 190. - death of, 195. - centre of realm, 200. - Meromak O'an, 233-238. - atupas, 200. - custodian of /e'u, 330. - the curse of, 439. - bringer of mainikin, 440.

Sacred, and profane, 152, 425-427. Sandalwood, 50. Soil, 17-29. Soil erosion, 35. Sonba'i, 4, 109, 149, 157, 159, 160, 162,

163, 164, 165, 215, 228, 235, 262-274, 357, 358, 368, 389, 439, 448.

- myths of -, 262 ff., 308, 312, 329. - structure of realm of -, 273. South Belu, 95, 109, 116, 122, 132, 157,

232-239, 368, 369, 390. Spirits, 151. Structural principle, 15, 16, 140, 392-397. Structure, 10-15. Sumba, 129, 442, 466, 477, 478. Sumbawa, 470. Superordination and subordination, 140,

380-384. Symbolic order, see classificatory system. Symbolism of numbers, 408-411, 462. - of points of the compass, 415, 463. - of colours, 415-419. Synchronic, 16. System, 15, 16. System of life, 9.

Taxation, see tribute. Temperature, 30. Territorial, territory, 130, 132, 133, 134-

136. Tetun, 19. Timorese, pronunciation of, XIII. Topasses, 51, 121, 165 ff., 279, 292, 318,

368, 449, 469. Toraja, 465, 476-477. Totem, 341, 342. Trade, SO-51.

SUBJECT INDEX 511

Traditional order, adat, lasi, 153, 424. Triad, see tripartition. Trials by ordeal, 365. Tribute, 52, 190-195. Tripartition, triad, 130, 139, 409. Tunbaba, 38, 225, 283, 287-290.

Uis Neno, 54, 142-146, 425. Ume, see lineage. Ume le'u, 335, 336, 351. Unilineal - double, 123. Unity of the political system, 440-444. Usij, 212-220, 228, 374-376. Uxorilocal, 122, 131.

Village, kuan, 94 ff., 130, 132, 186-190, 433, 434.

Vital force, smanaf, B7.

Warfare, 152, 326-357. - monef atonif, 217. - causes of war, 327-333. - war ritual, 333-338. - the meo, 338-345. -meo mone, meo feto, 342. - the headhunting raid, 345-348. - ritual following, 348-353. - connection with harvest, 352, 353. Wehale-Waiwiku, see South Belu.

INDONESIAN TI MOR

.. ......

p - Pulau - island

,- Hoil } o - Oil riveor

, F - ,~, } K _ "~, mountain r _

Tuba C _

~" • • 0 CiL -ru '70