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List of English words of Turkic origin
This is a list of words that have entered into the English language
from the Turkic languages. Many of them came via traders and
soldiers from and in the Ottoman Empire. There are some Turkic
words as well, most of them entered English via the Russian
language.
Languages of Turkic peoples left numerous traces in different
languages, including the English language. Turkic borrowings,
which belong to the social and political vocabulary, are generally
used in special literature and in the historical and ethnographical
works, which relate to the life of Turkic and Muslim peoples. The
ethnographical words are generally used in the scientific literature,
and in the historical and ethnographical texts.
The adoption of Indian words, among which there were some Turkic
borrowings, became one of the ways for the words of the Turkic
origin to penetrate English. Additionally, several words of Turkic origin
penetrated English through East European languages like Russian and Polish. German, Latin,
Spanish, Italian, French, Hungarian and Serbo-Croatian were also intermediary languages for the
Turkic words to penetrate English, as well as containing numerous Turkic loanwords themselves (e.g.
Serbo-Croatian contains around 5,000 Turkic loanwords, primarily from Turkish [1]).
In the nineteenth century, Turkic loanwords, generally of Turkish
origin, began to penetrate not only through the writings of the
travelers, diplomats and merchants, and through the
ethnographical and historical works, but also through the press.
In 1847, there were two English-language newspapers in Istanbul
– The Levant Herald and The Levant Times, seven newspapers
in French, one in German and 37 in Turkish. Turkish contributed
the largest share of the Turkic loans, which penetrated into the
English directly. This can be explained by the fact that Turkey
had the most intensive and wide connections with England.
Nevertheless, there are many Turkic loans in English, which were
borrowed by its contacts with other peoples – Azerbaijanis,
Tatars, Uzbeks, Kazakhs and Kirghiz.
Most of the Turkic loans in English carry exotic or ethnographical
connotations. They do not have equivalents in English, do not
have synonymic relations with primordial words, and generally
are used to describe the fauna, flora, life customs, political and
social life, and an administrative-territorial structure of Turkic regions. But there are many Turkic loans,
which are still part of the frequently used vocabulary. Some Turkic loans have acquired new
meanings, unrelated to their etymology.
To conclude, the words of the Turkic origin began penetrating English as early as the Middle Ages, the
Turkic loanwords found their way into English through other languages, most frequently through
French. Since the 16c, beginning from the time of the establishment of the direct contacts between
England and Turkey, and Russia, in English appeared new direct borrowings from Turkic languages.
German, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, French, Arabic, Armenian, Afrikaans, Hungarian, Yiddish,
A caique on the Bosphorus
A Janissary agha.
Indian, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Malayan, to a different extent, took part in the process of the transfer of
the Turkic words into English. The main language from which the borrowings were made, was Turkish.
A
Afshar
from Turkic Afshar, "a Turkic tribe living majorly in Kerman province of Iran". A Shiraz rug of coarse
weave.[2][3][4]
Aga or Agha
from Turkish ağa, a title of rank, especially in Turkey.[5][6]
Aga Khan
from Turkic agha and khan, the divinely ordained head of the Ismaili branch of Shiism.[7]
Airan
from Turkish ayran [8][9][10]
Akbash
from Turkish akbaş, literally "a whitehead" [11]
Akche
from Turkish akçe, also asper, an Ottoman monetary unit consisted of small silver coins.[12][13]
Akhissar
from Turkish Akhisar, a town in Manisa, Turkey near İzmir. A kind of heavy modern carpet made
at Akhisar, Turkey.[14]
Altai
from Altay Mountains, range in Central Asia, which is from Turkic-Mongolian altan, meaning "golden".
1. An Asiatic breed of small shaggy sturdy horses. 2. An animal of the Altai breed.[15][16]
Altilik
from Turkish altılık. A coin, originally of silver and equivalent to 6 piasters, formerly used in Turkey [17]
Araba
from Russian arba, which is from Turkish araba. A carriage used in Turkey and neighboring
countries.[18]
Arnaut
from Turkish arnavut, "an Albanian". An inhabitant of Albania and neighboring mountainous regions,
especially an Albanian serving in the Turkish army.[19]
Astrakhan
from Astrakhan, Russia, which is from Tatar or Kazakh hadžitarkhan, or As-tarxan (tarkhan of As
or Alans) Karakul of Russian origin or a cloth with a pile resembling karakul.[20][21]
Atabeg
from Turkic atabeg, from ata, "a father" + beg "a prince".[22][23]
Atabek
from Turkic, an alternative form of Atabeg.
Ataghan
from Turkish yatağan, an alternative form of Yataghan.[24]
Ataman
from Russian, from South Turkic ataman, "leader of an armed band" : ata, "father" + -man,
augmentative suffix.[25]
Aul
from Russian, from Kazan Tatar & Kirghiz.[26]
B
Bahadur
from Hindi bahādur "brave, brave person", from Persian,
probably from Mongolian, cf. Classical
Mongolian baγatur, which is from Turkic, perhaps
originally a Turkic personal name.[27]
Bairam
from Turkish bayram, literally "a festival" [28][29]
Baklava
from Turkish baklava [30]
Balaclava
from Balaklava, village in the Crimea, which is from Turkish balıklava. A hoodlike knitted cap covering
the head, neck, and part of the shoulders and worn especially by soldiers and mountaineers.[31][32]
Balalaika
from Russian balalaika, of Turkic origin.[33][34]
Balkan
from Turkish balkan "a mountain chain", relating to the states of the Balkan Peninsula, or their
peoples, languages, or cultures.[35]
Bamia
from Turkish bamya.[36]
Ban
from Romanian, from Serbo-Croatian ban, "lord", which is from Turkic bayan, "very rich person" : bay,
"rich" + -an, intensive suff.[37]
Barbotte
from Canadian French barbotte, which is from Turkish barbut. A dice game [38]
Barkhan
from Russian, which is from Kirghiz barkhan. A moving sand dune shaped like a crescent and found in
several very dry regions of the world [39]
Bashaw
from Turkish başa, a variant of pasha [40]
Bashi-bazouk
from Turkish başıbozuk [41]
Bashlyk
from Turkish başlık, "a hood", from baş, "a head" [42]
Batman
from Turkish batman. Any of various old Persian or Turkish units of weight [43]
Beetewk
from Russian bityug, bityuk, which is from Turkic bitük, akin to Chagatai bitü, Uzbek bitäü. A Russian
breed of heavy draft horses.[44][45]
Pieces of baklava.
Beg
from Turkic beg, an alternative form of bey [46]
Beglerbeg
from Turkish beylerbeyi, a variant of beylerbey [47]
Begum
from Hindi & Urdu begam, which is from East Turkic begüm [48]
Behcet
from the name of Turkish scientist Hulusi Behçet, a multisystem, chronic recurrent disease.[49]
Bektashi
from Turkish bektaşi [50]
Bergamot
from French bergamote, from Italian bergamotta, ultimately from Turkish bey armudu, literally,
"the bey's pear" [51]
Bey
from Turkish bey [52]
Beylerbey
from Turkish beylerbeyi [53]
Beylik
from Turkish beylik [54][55][56]
Binbashi
from Turkish binbaşı, "chief of a thousand", bin "thousand" + bash "head". (Mil.) A major in the Turkish
army.[57]
Bogatyr
from Russian bogatyr "hero, athlete, warrior", from Old Russian bogatyri, of Turkic origin; akin to
Turkish batur "brave" [58]
Borunduk
from Russian burunduk, which is from Mari uromdok or from Turkic burunduk. A Siberian ground
squirrel.[59][60][61]
Bosa, also Boza
from Turkish boza, a fermented drink [62][63]
Bosh
from Turkish boş, which means "nonsense, empty" [64]
(Bosh on wiktionary)
Bostanji
from Turkish bostancı, literally "a gardener" [65]
Bouzouki
from modern Greek mpouzoúki, which is from Turkish bozuk "broken, ruined, depraved"
or büzük "constricted, puckered".[66]
Boyar
from Russian boyarin, from Old Russian boljarin, from Turkic baylar, plural of bay, "rich"; akin to
Turkish bay, "rich, gentleman".[67]
Bridge game
the word came into English from the Russian word, biritch, which in turn originates from a Turkic word
for "bugler" (in modern Turkish: borucu, borazancı) or might have come from a Turkish term bir, üç, or
"one, three" [68]
Bugger
from Middle English bougre, "heretic", from Old French boulgre, from Medieval Latin Bulgarus,
from Greek Boulgaros, "Bulgarian", probably ultimately from Turkic bulghar, "of mixed origin,
promiscuous" or "rebels", from bulgamaq, "to mix, stir, stir up".[69][70][71][72]
Bulgar
from Bolgar, Bolghar, former kingdom on the Volga river around Kazan (see bugger).
A Russian leather originally from Bolgar.[70][73]
Bulgur
from Turkish bulgur, which means "pounded wheat" [74]
Buran
from Russian buran, of Turkic origin, probably from Tatar buran [75][76]
Burka
from Russian, probably from buryi "dark brown (of a horse)", probably of Turkic origin; akin to
Turkish bur "red like a fox"; the Turkic word probably from Persian bor "reddish brown"; akin
to Sanskrit babhru "reddish brown".[77]
C
Cafeneh
from Turkish kahvane, kahvehane "a coffee shop, café",
from kahve "coffee" + hane "house" [78][79]
Caïque
from Turkish kayık [80]
Caiquejee
alteration (influenced by caique) of earlier caikjee, from
Turkish kayıkçı, "a boatman" [81]
Calpack
from Turkish kalpak [82]
Caracal
from Turkish karakulak, which means "black ear" [83]
Caraco
from French, perhaps from Turkish kerrake "alpaca coat". A
woman's short coat or jacket usually about waist length.[84]
Caracul
from Uzbek karakul, an alteration of karakul [85]
Caragana
from New Latin, of Turkic origin; akin to Kirghiz karaghan "Siberian pea tree".[86]
Caramoussal
from Turkish karamürsel, karamusal, perhaps from kara "black" + mürsel "envoy, apostle" [87]
Casaba
Dervishes wearing calpacks.
from a town called Kasaba (now Turgutlu) in Turkey [88]
Cassock
from Middle French casaque "long coat", probably ultimately from Turkic quzzak "nomad, adventurer"
(the source of Cossack), an allusion to their typical riding coat. Or perhaps from Arabic kazagand,
from Persian kazhagand "padded coat".[89]
Cathay
Cathay "China", from Medieval Latin Cataya, "Kitai", of Turkic origin; akin to Kazan
Tatar Kytai "China", Old Turkic Qytan "Khitan" [90][91]
Cham
from French, which is from Turkish khan, "lord, prince" [92]
Chekmak
from Turkish, a Turkish fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven.[93]
Chiaus
from Turkish çavuş.[94]
Chibouk
from Turkish çubuk.[95]
Chock a block
from Turkish çok kalabalık.[96]
Choga
from Sindhi, of Altaic origin; akin to Turkish çuha "cloth". A long-sleeved long-skirted cloak for men
worn mainly in India and Pakistan.[97]
Chouse
perhaps from Turkish çavuş "a doorkeeper, messenger" [98]
Corsac
from Russian korsak, from Kirghiz karsak, "a small yellowish brown bushy-tailed fox" [99]
Cosaque
from French, literally, "Cossack", from Russian Kazak & Ukrainian kozak, which is from Turkic Kazak.
A cracker.[100]
Cossack
from Turkic quzzaq which means "adventurer, guerilla, nomad" [101]
(Cossack on wiktionary)
D
Desemer
from German, from Low German, alteration of Middle Low German bisemer, besemer, of Baltic origin;
akin to Lithuanian bezmnas, of Slavicorigin; akin to Old Russian bezmenu "desemer, small weight",
Polish bezmian, przezmian "balance without pans", perhaps of Turkic origin; akin to
Turkish batman "small weight". An ancient balance.[102]
Devshirmeh
from Turkish devşirme, which means "gathering" [103][104]
Dey
from Turkish dayı, literally "a maternal uncle" [105]
Dolma
from Turkish dolma, which means "filled" or "stuffed" [106]
Dolman
ultimately from Turkish dolaman, a robe, from dolamak "to wind" [107][108]
Dolmus, also Dolmush
from Turkish dolmuş, a share taxi [109]
Domra
from Kazakh dombra, a musical instrument [110][111]
Doner kebab
(Canadian: donair) from Turkish döner kebap [112][113]
Donmeh
from Turkish dönme, which literally means "a convert" [114][115]
Donum
from Turkish dönüm, an alternative form of dunam [116][117]
Doodle
from German dudeln "to play (the bagpipe)", from dudel "a
bagpipe", from Czech or Polish dudy "a bagpipe", from Turkish düdük "a flute".[118]
Dunam
from Turkish dönüm, from dönmek "go round" [119][120]
E
Elchee or elchi
from Turkish elçi, which means "an ambassador".[121]
Eleme figs
from Turkish eleme "selected, sifted". Smyrna figs of superior quality packed flat.[122]
F
G
Galiongee
from Turkish kalyonçi, kalyoncu, "a Turkish sailor", from kalyon, Italian galeone + çi or cu, the Turkish
suffix.[123]
Ganch
modification of Turkish kancalamak "to put on a hook", from Turkish kanca "large hook", modification
of Greek gampsos "curved" + Turkish suffix -lamak.[124]
Gilet
from French, from Spanish gileco, jaleco, chaleco, from Arabic jalikah, "a garment worn by slaves
in Algeria", from Turkish yelek "waistcoat, vest" [125]
H
Haremlik
Registration of boys for the devshirmeh
from Turkish haremlik, from harem (from Arabic harim & Arabic haram) + the Turkish suffix -lik "a
place" [126]
Horde
from Turkic ordu or orda ("khan's residence") [127][128]
(Horde on wiktionary)
Hun
from Medieval Latin Hunni, apparently ultimately from Turkic Hun-yü, the name of a tribe.[129]
I
Imam bayildi
from Turkish imambayıldı, "the imam fainted", an eggplant dish prepared with olive oil.[130]
Imbat
from Turkish imbat, a cooling etesian wind in the Levant (as in Cyprus).[131]
J
Janissary
from Turkish yeniçeri, which means "a new soldier" [132]
(janissary on wiktionary)
Jelick
from Turkish yelek, the bodice or vest of a Turkish woman's dress.[133]
Jettru
from Turkic, a union of seven Turkic peoples of Central Asia formed at the end of the 17th or
beginning of the 18th century under one khan.[134]
K
Kaftan
from Turkish kaftan (also in Persian) [135]
Kaique
from Turkish kayık, an alternative form of caïque.[136]
Kangal
from Turkish kangal or sivas kangal köpeği [137][138]
Karabagh
A type of rug, named after the Karabagh region in the
Caucasus.[139]
Karabash
from Turkish karabaş, literally "a blackhead" [140][141]
Karadagh
from Azeri Karadagh, a mountain range in Azerbaijan province, northwestern Iran. a Persian rug
having a bold design and rich coloring.[142]
Karagane
from Russian karagan, which is from Turkic karagan. A species of gray fox found in Russia.[143][144]
Karakul
from Uzbek karakul, literally a village in Uzbekistan [145]
A konak in Safranbolu, Karabük.
Karakurt
from Russian, of Turkic origin, karakurt, "a venomous spider".[146]
Kasseri
from New Greek kaseri, from Turkish kaşer, kaşar [147]
Kavass
from Turkish kavas [148][149]
Kazak
from Kazak, a town in Azerbaijan, an Oriental rug in bold colors with geometric designs or stylized
plant and animal forms.[150]
Kefir
from Russian, probably ultimately from Old Turkic köpür, "milk, froth, foam", from köpürmäk, "to froth,
foam".[151][152]
Kelek
from Turkish kelek, a raft or float supported on inflated animal skins.[153]
Kendyr
from Russian kendyr, from Turkish kendir. A strong bast fiber that resembles Indian hemp and is used
in Asia as cordage and as a substitute for cotton and hemp.[154][155]
Ketch
probably from Middle English cacchen "to capture", or perhaps from Turkish kayık "a boat,
skiff".[156][157]
Khagan
from Turkic kaghan, an alternative form of khan [158]
Khan
from Turkic khan, akin to Turkish han (title meaning "ruler") [159]
Khanum
from Turkic khanum, akin to Turkish hanım, "a female derivation of Khan" [160]
Khatun
from Turkic khatūn, perhaps from Old Turkic or from Sogdian kwat'yn, "a queen" [161][162]
Kibitka
from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Kazan Tatar kibit "booth, stall, tent", Uyghur käbit.[163]
Kibosh
looks Yiddish, but origin in early 19c. English slang seems to argue against this. One candidate
is Irish caip bháis, caipín báis "cap of death". Or it may somehow be connected with Turkish bosh.[164]
Kielbasa
from Polish kiełbasa, from East and West Slavic *kŭlbasa, from East Turkic kül bassï, "grilled cutlet",
from Turkic kül bastï : kül, "coals, ashes" + bastï, "pressed (meat)" (from basmaq, to press) [165]
Kilij
from Turkish kılıç, a Turkish saber with a crescent-shaped blade.[166]
Kiosk
from Turkish köşk, an open summerhouse or pavilion [167]
Kipchak
from Russian, which is from Chagatai. 1. One of the ancient Turkic peoples of the Golden
Horde related to the Uyghurs and Kyrgyz. 2. The Turkic language of the Kipchaks.[168]
Kis Kilim
from Turkish kızkilim, a kind of carpet.[169]
Kizilbash
from Turkish kızılbaş, literally "a red head" [170][171]
Knish
from Yiddish, from Ukrainian knysh, probably of Turkic origin.[172]
Kok-saghyz
from Russian kok-sagyz, from Turkic kök-sagız, from kök "root" + sagız "rubber, gum" [173]
Komitadji
from Turkish komitacı, a rebel, member of a secret revolutionary society.[174]
Konak
from Turkish konak, a large house in Turkey.[175]
Krym-saghyz
from Russian krym-sagyz, of Turkic origin, from Krym "Crimea" ,[176]
+ sagız "rubber, gum".[177]
Kulah
from Turkish Kula, a town in western Turkey. A Turkish rug that is often a prayer rug and that uses
the Ghiordes knot.[178]
Kulak
from Russian kulak "a fist", of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish kol "arm".[179][180]
Kulan
from Kirghiz kulan, "the wild ass of the Kirghiz steppe".[181]
Kumiss
from Turkic kumyz or kumis [182]
(kumiss on wiktionary)
Kurbash
from Turkish kırbaç [183][184]
Kurgan
from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish kurgan "fortress, castle" [185]
Kurus
from Turkish kuruş, a Turkish piaster equal to 1/100 lira.[186]
L
Lackey
from French laquais, from Spanish lacayo, ultimately from Turkish ulak, which means "runner" or
"courier".[187]
Ladik
from Turkish Ladik, a village in Turkey. A rug of fine texture woven in and near Ladik in
central Anatolia.[188]
Latten
from Middle English latoun, laton, from Middle French laton, leton, from Old Provençal, from
Arabic latun, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish altın "gold" [189]
Lavash
from Armenian, which is from Turkish lavash.[citation needed]
Lokshen
from Yiddish, plural of loksh "noodle", from Russian dial. loksha, of Turkic origin; akin
to Uyghur & Kazan Tatar lakca "noodles", Chuvash läskä.[190]
M
Mammoth
from Russian mamot, mamont, mamant, perhaps from a Yakut word derived
from Yakut mamma "earth"; from the belief that the mammoths burrowed in the earth like moles.[191]
Martagon
from Middle English, from Old French, from Old Spanish, from Ottoman Turkish martagan, "a kind of
turban".[192]
N
Nagaika
from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Kirghiz nogai [193]
O
Oda
from Turkish oda, literally "a room, chamber". A room in a
harem.[194]
Odalisque
from French, which is from Turkish odalık, from oda, "a
room" [195]
Oghuz or Ghuz
from Turkic oghuz. A descendant of certain early Turkic
invaders of Persia.[196]
Osmanli
from Turkish osmanlı, from Osman, founder of the Ottoman Empire + lı "of or pertaining to" [197]
Ottoman
from French, adjective & noun, probably from Italian ottomano, from Turkish osmani,
from Osman, Othman died 1326, founder of theOttoman Empire [198]
P
Paklava
modification of Turkish baklava [199]
Parandja
from Uzbek, a heavy black horsehair veil worn by women of Central Asia.[200]
Pasha
from Turkish paşa, earlier basha, from bash "head, chief" which equates to "Sir" [201][202]
Pashalic
Odalisque with a slave, 1842.
from Turkish paşalık, "title or rank of pasha", from paşa: the jurisdiction of a pasha or the territory
governed by him [203][204]
Pastrami
from Yiddish pastrame, from Romanian pastrama, ultimately from Turkish pastırma [205]
Petcheneg
from Russian pecheneg, which is from Turkic. Member of a Turkic people invading the South Russian,
Danubian, and Moldavian steppes during the early Middle Ages.[206][207]
Pirogi
from Yiddish, from Russian, plural of pirog (pie), perhaps borrowed from Kazan Tatar, (cf. Turk.
börek) [208]
Pul
from Persian pul, which is from Turkish pul. A unit of value of Afghanistan equal to 1/100 Afghani.[209]
Q
Qajar or Kajar
from Persian Qajar, of Turkish origin. A people of northern Iran holding political supremacy through the
dynasty ruling Persia from 1794 to 1925.[210]
Quiver
from Anglo-French quiveir, from Old French quivre, probably ultimately from the Hunnic
language[211]
, kubur in Old Turkish
R
Rumelian
from Turkish rumeli, of, relating to, or characteristic of Rumelia [212]
S
Sabot
from Old French çabot, alteration of savate "old shoe",
probably of Turkish or Arabic origin.[213]
Saic
from French saïque, from Turkish shaika.[214]
Saiga
from Russian saĭgá(k), from Turkic;
cf. Chagatai sayğak [215][216]
Saker
through Old French from Arabic saqr, probably from
Turkic sonqur, which means "a falcon".[217]
Samiel
from Turkish samyeli, sam, "poisonous" + yel, "wind".[218]
Sanjak
from Turkish sancak, which means "a banner" [219][220]
Sarma
Sarma, a kind of dolma, is a classic of Turkish
cuisine.
from Turkish sarma, which means "wrapping" [221][222]
Saxaul
from Russian saksaul, which is from Kazakh seksevil. A leafless xerophytic shrub or tree of the
family Chenopodiaceae of Asia that has green or greenish branches and is used for stabilization of
desert soils.[223][224]
Selamlik
from Turkish Selamlık.[225]
Seljuk
from Turkish Selçuk, "eponymous ancestor of the dynasties". Of or relating to any of several Turkic
dynasties that ruled over a great part of western Asia in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.[226]
Seraskier
from Turkish serasker, from Persian ser "head, chief" + Arabic asker "an army".[227]
Sevruga
through Russian sevryuga ultimately from Tatar söirök.[228]
Shabrack
from French schabraque, from German schabracke, from Hungarian csáprág, from Turkish çaprak [229]
Shagreen
from Turkish sağrı, which means "the back of a horse" [230]
Shashlik
from Russian шашлык, which is from Crimean Tatar şışlık, which means "shish kebab" [231]
Shawarma
ultimately from Turkish çevirme, which literally means "turning" [232]
Shish
from Turkish şiş, which literally means "a skewer" [233][234]
Shish kebab
from Turkish şiş kebabı [235]
Shor
from Russian, of Altaic origin; akin to Kalmyk & Mongolian sor "salt", Turkish sure "brackish soil". A
salt lake in Turkestan, a salina.[236]
Som
from Kirghiz, "crude iron casting, ruble" [237]
T
Taiga
from Russian taiga, of Turkic origin; akin to Teleut taiga "rocky, mountainous terrain",
Turkish dağ "mountain"; Mongolian origin is also possible.[238][239]
Taramasalata
from modern Greek taramas "preserved roe", from Turkish tarama "preparation of soft roe or red
caviar" + salata "salad".[240]
Taranchi
from Chagatai Taranci, literally "a farmer".[241]
Tarantass
from Russian tarantas, which is from Kazan Tatar tarıntas.[242]
Tarbagan
from Russian, which is from Teleut. A pale or reddish
gregarious bobac inhabiting the grassy steppes of Central
Asia.[243]
Tarbush
from Arabic tarbūsh, from Ottoman Turkish terposh, probably
from Persian sarposh "headdress" (equivalent to sar "head"
+ pūsh"covering"), by association with Turkish ter "sweat". A
tasseled cap of cloth or felt, usually red, that is worn by Muslim men either by itself or as the inner part
of the turban.[244]
Tarkhan
from Old Turkic tarkan, a privileged class.[245]
Tarpan
from Russian, which is from Kirghiz or Kazakh tarpan.[246][247]
Tartar
from Persian Tatar, of Turkic origin. A ferocious or violent person.[248]
Tau-saghyz
from Russian tau-sagyz, from Turkic tau-sagız, from tau "mountain" + sagız "gum, rubber".[249]
Tavla
from Turkish tavla, a version of the board game backgammon.[250]
Tekke
from Turkish tekke, a dervish monastery.[251]
Tenge
from Kazakh teŋge "coin, ruble".[252]
Tepe
from Turkish tepe, literally "a hill, summit". An artificial mound.[253][254][255]
Terek
from Terek, river of southeast Russia, which is from Balkar Terk. A sandpiper of the Old
World breeding in the far north of eastern Europe and Asia and migrating to
southern Africaand Australia and frequenting rivers.[256][257]
Theorbo
from Italian tiorba, which is from Turkish torba "a bag".[258][259]
Toman
from Persian تومان, which is from Turkic tümen, "a unit of ten thousand".[260]
Tovarich
from Russian tovarishch, from Old Russian tovarishch, sing. of tovarishchi, "business associates",
which is from Old Turkic tavar ishchi, "businessman, merchant" : tavar, "wealth, trade" + ishchi, "one
who works" (from ish, "work, business").[261]
Tughra
Tughra of Suleiman the Magnificent.
from Turkish tuğra, an elaborate monogram formed of the Sultan's name and titles.[262][263]
Tungus
from Russian, from East Turkic tunguz, "wild pig, boar", from Old Turkic tonguz.[264]
Turk
from Turkish türk, which has several meanings in English.[265]
Turki
from Persian turki, from Turk, "Turk", from Turkish Türk.[266]
Turquoise
from Middle English Turkeys, from Anglo-French turkeise, from feminine of turkeis Turkish,
from Turc Turkish.[267]
Tuzla
from Turkish tuzla, from the name of Lake Tuz in Turkey. A central Anatolian rug.[268]
Tzatziki
from modern Greek tsatsiki, which is from Turkish cacık.[269]
U
Ugrian
from Old Russian Ugre, which means "Hungarians", of Turkic origin.[270]
Uhlan
from Turkish oğlan "a boy, servant".[271]
Urdu
from Hindustani Urdu "camp", which is from Turkic ordu (source of
horde).[272]
Urman
from Russian, which is from Kazan Tatar urman, "a forest", synonymous
with taiga[273]
; Turkish word orman.
Ushak
from Ushak, Turkish Uşak, manufacturing town of western Turkey. A heavy
woolen oriental rug tied in Ghiordes knots and characterized by bright primary colors and an elaborate
medallion pattern.[274]
V
Vampire
from French vampire or German Vampir, from Hungarian vámpír, from O.C.S. opiri (cf. Serb. vampir,
Bulg. văpir, Ukr. uper, Pol. upior), said by Slavic linguist Franc Miklošič to be ultimately from Kazan
Tatar ubyr "witch".[275]
Max Vasmer's etymological dictionary, though, considers such etymology
doubtful and traces its most likely origin to Old Slavic.[276]
W
Polish uhlans.
X
Y
Yaourt
from Turkish yoğurt, a fermented drink, or milk beer, made by the
Turks.[277]
Yardang
from Turkic yardang, ablative of yar "steep bank, precipice".[278][279]
Yarmulka
of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish yağmurluk which means
"rainwear".[280]
Yashmak or yashmac
from Turkish yaşmak.[281]
Yataghan
from Turkish yatağan.[282]
Yoghurt
from Turkish yoğurt.[283]
(yoghurt on wiktionary)
Yurt
from Turkic yurt, which means "a dwelling place".[284]
Yuruk
from Turkish yürük, "a nomad". 1. One of a nomadic shepherd people of the mountains of
southeastern Anatolia. 2. A Turkish rug from the Konya and Karaman regions,
southeasternAnatolia.[285]
Z
Zill
from Turkish zil "bell, cymbals", of onomatopoeic origin.[286][287]
See also
Encyclopædia Britannica Concise - Turkic languages
Ask Oxford - Borrowings into English
Association of British Scrabble Players - Turkish words
References
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3. ^ TDK Online - Afşar
4. ^ Parvis Tanavoli On Afshar Rugs
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6. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Aga
7. ^ Dictionary.com - Aga Khan
8. ^ Answers.com - Ayran
Cacık, a Turkish cold soup yoghurt
variety.
9. ^ Fao.org - Airan in Main Categories of Products
10. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Airan
11. ^ Reference.com - Akbash Dog
12. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Akche
13. ^ Economic Development in the Middle East - Akche
14. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Akhissar
15. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Altai
16. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Altai Mountains
17. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Altilik
18. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Araba
19. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Arnaut
20. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Astrakhan
21. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Astrakhan
22. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Atabeg
23. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - use of Atabeg in an article
24. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Ataghan
25. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Ataman
26. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Aul
27. ^ Dictionary.com - Bahadur
28. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bairam
29. ^ Allwords.com - Bairam
30. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Baklava
31. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Balaclava
32. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Balaklava
33. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Balalaika
34. ^ "Encarta Online - Balalaika". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
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36. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Bamia
37. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Ban
38. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Barbotte
39. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Barkhan
40. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bashaw
41. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Bashi-bazouk
42. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bashlyk
43. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Batman
44. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Beetewk
45. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Bityug
46. ^ Reference.com - Beg
47. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Beylerbey
48. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Begum
49. ^ Dictionary.com - Behcet
50. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Bektashi
51. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bergamot
52. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bey
53. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Beylerbey
54. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Ottoman art
55. ^ Answers.com - Beylik
56. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Beylic
57. ^ Dictionary.com - Binbashi
58. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Bogatyr
59. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Borunduk
60. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Burunduk
61. ^ Этимологический Словарь - Piotr Czerwinski → Burunduk
62. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Bosa
63. ^ "bosa." Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd edition. 1989.
64. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bosh
65. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Bostanji
66. ^ Dictionary.com - Bouzouki
67. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Boyar
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69. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Bugger
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74. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bulgur
75. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Buran
76. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Buran
77. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Burka
78. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Cafeneh
79. ^ Dictionary.com - Cafeneh
80. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Caique
81. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Caiquejee
82. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Calpac
83. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Caracal
84. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Caraco
85. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Caracul
86. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Caragana
87. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Caramoussal
88. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Casaba
89. ^ Harper, Douglas. "cassock". Online Etymology Dictionary.
90. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Cathay
91. ^ Harper, Douglas. "cathay". Online Etymology Dictionary.
92. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Cham
93. ^ Dictionary.com - Chekmak
94. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Chiaus
95. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Chibouk
96. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Chibouk
97. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Choga
98. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Chouse
99. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Corsac
100. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Cosaque
101. ^ Harper, Douglas. "cossack". Online Etymology Dictionary.
102. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Desemer
103. ^ Lexicorient.com - Devsirme
104. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Topic: Devsirme
105. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Dey
106. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Dolma
107. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Dolman
108. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Dolman
109. ^ "dolmus." Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd edition. 1989.
110. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Domra
111. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Domra
112. ^ The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English - Doner kebab
113. ^ Wiktionary.org - Doner kebab
114. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Donmeh
115. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Donme
116. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Donum
117. ^ Proz.com - Donum
118. ^ Antlion Pit - Doodle
119. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Dunam
120. ^ Wiktionary.org - Dunam
121. ^ ABSP - Turkish words - Elchee
122. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Eleme figs
123. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Galiongee
124. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Ganch
125. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Gilet
126. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Haremlik
127. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Horde
128. ^ Harper, Douglas. "horde". Online Etymology Dictionary.
129. ^ Harper, Douglas. "Hun". Online Etymology Dictionary.
130. ^ The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English - Imam bayildi
131. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Imbat
132. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Janissary
133. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Jelick
134. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Jettru
135. ^ Harper, Douglas. "caftan". Online Etymology Dictionary.
136. ^ Dictionary.com - Kaique
137. ^ PetPlanet.com - Kangal
138. ^ Reference.com - Kangal
139. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Karabagh
140. ^ PetPlanet.com - Karabash
141. ^ Reference.com - Karabash
142. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Karadagh
143. ^ Dictionary.com - Karagane
144. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Karagan
145. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Karakul
146. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Karakurt
147. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kasseri
148. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Kavass
149. ^ Dictionary.com - Kavass
150. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Kazak
151. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Kefir
152. ^ "Encarta Online - Kefir". Archived from the originalon 2009-10-31.
153. ^ Dictionary.com - Kelek
154. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kendyr
155. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Kendyr
156. ^ Harper, Douglas. "ketch". Online Etymology Dictionary.
157. ^ The Concise Dictionary of English Etymology - Ketch
158. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Khagan
159. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Khan
160. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Khanum
161. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Khatun
162. ^ Highbeam.com - Khatun
163. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kibitka
164. ^ Harper, Douglas. "kibosh". Online Etymology Dictionary.
165. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Kielbasa
166. ^ Dictionary.com - Kilij
167. ^ Merriam-Webster Online — Kiosk
168. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kipchak
169. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kis Kilim
170. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Kizilbash
171. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Kizilbash
172. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Knish
173. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kok-saghyz
174. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Komitadji
175. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Konak
176. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Krym
177. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Krym-saghyz
178. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kulah
179. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kulak
180. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Kulak
181. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kulan
182. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Kumiss
183. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kurbash
184. ^ Dictionary.com - Kurbash
185. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Kurgan
186. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kurus
187. ^ Harper, Douglas. "lackey". Online Etymology Dictionary.
188. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Ladik
189. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Latten
190. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Lokshen
191. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Mammoth
192. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Martagon
193. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Nagaika
194. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Oda
195. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Odalisque
196. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Ghuz
197. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Osmanli
198. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Ottoman
199. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Paklava
200. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Parandja
201. ^ Harper, Douglas. "pasha". Online Etymology Dictionary.
202. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Pasha
203. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Pashalic
204. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - use of Pashalic in an article
205. ^ DEX Online - Pastrama
206. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Petcheneg
207. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Pechenegi
208. ^ Harper, Douglas. "pirogi". Online Etymology Dictionary.
209. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Pul
210. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kajar
211. ^ Harper, Douglas. "quiver". Online Etymology Dictionary.
212. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Rumelian
213. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Sabot
214. ^ Dictionary.com - Saic
215. ^ Dictionary.com - Saiga
216. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Saiga
217. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Saker
218. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Samiel
219. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Sanjak
220. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Sanjak in Ottoman Bosnia
221. ^ Answers.com - Sarma
222. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Sarma in Balkan cuisine
223. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Saxaul
224. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Saksaul
225. ^ Dictionary.com - Selamlik
226. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Seljuk
227. ^ Dictionary.com - Seraskier
228. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Sevruga
229. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Shabrack
230. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Shagreen
231. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Shashlik
232. ^ Arikah.net - Shawarma
233. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Shish
234. ^ Harper, Douglas. "shish kebab". Online Etymology Dictionary.
235. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Shish Kebab
236. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Shor
237. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Som
238. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Taiga
239. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Taiga
240. ^ "Encarta Online - Taramasalata". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
241. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Taranchi
242. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tarantass
243. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tarbagan
244. ^ Dictionary.com - Tarbush
245. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tarkhan
246. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tarpan
247. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Tarpan
248. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Tatar/Tartar
249. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tau-saghyz
250. ^ Wiktionary.org - Tavla
251. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tekke
252. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tenge
253. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tepe
254. ^ Dictionary.com - Tepe
255. ^ Starling.ru Turkic Etymology - Tepö
256. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Terek
257. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Terek
258. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Theorbo
259. ^ "Encarta Online - Theorbo". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
260. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Toman
261. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Tovarich
262. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Ottoman Coins
263. ^ Al-Damurdashi's Chronicle of Egypt - Tughra
264. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Tungus
265. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Turk
266. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Turki
267. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Turquoise
268. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tuzla
269. ^ "Encarta Online - Tzatziki". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
270. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Ugrian
271. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Uhlan
272. ^ Harper, Douglas. "urdu". Online Etymology Dictionary.
273. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Urman
274. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Ushak
275. ^ Harper, Douglas. "vampire". Online Etymology Dictionary.
276. ^ Etymological dictionary of the Russian language
277. ^ Dictionary.com - Yaourt
278. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Yardang
279. ^ Dictionary.com - Yardang
280. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Yarmulke
281. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Yashmak
282. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Yataghan
283. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Yoghurt
284. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Yurt
285. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Yuruk
286. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Zill
287. ^ Dictionary.com - Zill
http://gunturk.tk/