/#~-91 841 TASK LISTING: VISUALLY ASSISTED AND VISUALLY DEPENDENT 1/1TASKS FOR FIGHTER AIRCRRFT(U) DAYTON UNIV ON RESEARCHINST H D WARNER Aft SS RFHRtL-TP-87-55 F33615-S4-C-00"

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AIR FORCE f 'l TASK LISTING: VISUALLY ASSISTED AND VISUALLYDEPENDENT TASKS FOR FIGHTER AIRCRAFT

U Harold D. Warner

M University of Dayton Research Institute

300 College Park AvenueDayton, Ohio 45469

N OPERATIONS TRAINING DIVISION

Williams Air Force Base, Arizona 85240-6457

IR R April 1988

E Final Technical Paper for Period December 1986 - August 1987

0S I_, ]

D T IC Approved for public release; distribution Is unlimited.

ELECTE 0APR 0 8 UWS

CS LABORATORY

AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMANDBROOKS AIR FORCE BASE, TEXAS 78235-5601

88 4 8 006

un :AS- W 7.ES T_ I ea

SETU}?ITY CLASSIFICATiON OF THIS PAGE

I Form Argpro~edyREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE J M 9I% o~ o 0704-018

laI REPORf SEC-,RiTY CiASSIFICATION It) RESTRICTIVE MARKINUnclassified _ _ _ _ W RY/

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2trIIIt TO DW(,AiGS4~i Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

4 PERFORMING ORGANIZAON REPORT NUMBER(S) 5 kP)VTORING OtGANIZATION REPORT NLMRCRSI)

AFHRL-TP-87-55

6a NAME OF PEPRSORMING ORGANIZATION 6b OFFICE SYMBOL 7a NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATIONUniversity of Dayton (If .;pltcable) Operations Training Division

Research Institute

6c ADDRESS (Cty State, and ZIP Coe) - 7b ADDRESS(City, State, and ZIPCode)

300 College Park Avenue Air Force Human Resources Laboratory

Dayton, Ohio 45469 Williams Air Force Base, Arizona 85240-6457

Pla NA E OF FUNDING 'SPONSORING 81 OFF CE SYMBOL 9 PROCLREMENT INSTRUMENT DeNTI(FICAT:ON NUNA'EPORCANIZAT ON (if applcable)

Air Force Human Resources Laboratory HQ AFHRL F33615-84-C-0066

6c ADDRFSS(CI'y State and ZIPCode) I0 SOuRCE OF FUNDING NUMBERSP'ROG RAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNIT

Brooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235-5601 RGAMENT NO ,NO NO ACCESSON NO

l i62205F 1123 03 79

I " d iCude SeCUrltyCas,, pOi

Tsk Listing: Visually Assisted and Visually Dependent Tasks for Fighter Aircraft

Warner, Harold 0._ T_'7PE OF 1F)R 3b'ME COVE RE) 14 DATE OF REPORT (Year, MOWNt Day) 15 PAG- NU. T

Final -J OvOr. _ - -AUQ...8 April lQRR 24

,, CODLS 8 SuB'ECT TERMS (Continue on reverie if recesia'y and sdnti y by blok nr4jbwer)

1 , T -RC' , 11-aviation research and development

- -_ ___ pilot training,

5 .I' no visual flight tasks.19 LPS-RAC- Continue on reverse if ne(essary ard dent,f-y by blhxk number)

A comprehensive listing of visually dependent and visually assisted flight tasks in Air Force fighter and

attack aircraft training was developed. Additionally, the list specifies whether the tasks are trained, exclusively in daylight or also at night. The individual visual tasks are provided for 11 major areas of

training: (a) takeoff and landing, (b) aerobatics, (c) aircraft handling maneuvers, (d) stalls, (e) basicformation, i navigation, (g) ai" refueling, (h) tactical formation, (i) air-to-air combat, (j) low-altitudemaneuvers, and (k) surface attack. Practical applications of the task listing in aviation research anddevelopment are discussed. <* -1 I -

'. B ;..' 'T' C A ' AAT ' BS'RAC' SEC'R.' C. S .ICAT:ONl-X , . :, [ , R- s -Unclassified

1nv 3- Allin. Chief. STINFO- Office [(512) 536-3877 AFHR'/TSR

DO Form 1473, JUN 86 Pre',o editions are obolete SF (LITY CLASSiFICA'ON OF TS PA..,E

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AFHRL Technical Paper 87-55 April 1988

TASK LISTING: VISUALLY ASSISTED AND VISUALLY Z

DEPENDENT TASKS FOR FIGHTER AIRCRAFT

Harold D. Warnerk

University of Dayton Research Institute300 College Park Avenue

Dayton, Ohio 45469

OPERATIONS TRAINING DIVISIONrA

Williams Air Force Base, Arizona 85240-6457 ' . ~~ ~

Reviewed and submitted for publication by

Calvin F. Pate, It Col, USAF

Chief, Program Support OfficeOperations Training Division

This publication is primarily a working paper. It is published solely to document work performed.

SUIIARY

This document provides a detailed listing of the visual tasks that

are trained in Air Force figiiter and attack aircraft. The task listing

distinguishes between visualiy assisted tasks (i.e., visual cues are not

needed but qill enhance performance) and visually dependent tasks (i.e.,

visual cues are tiandatory). lhe listing also inuicates whether the tasks

are trained under both day arid night conditions or specifically in

daylight or at night. Instrument-related flight tasks are riot included in

the list. The tasks were co,,,pileJ from Air Force training ,aanuilIs and

other source materials, and experienced instructor pilots were interviewed

to verify the listing. Thu list covers 11 major training areas: (a)

takeoff and landing, (b) aev.Tbatics, (c) aircraft handling iianeuvers,

(d) stalls, (e) b.sic tur,iv tion, (f) navigation, (g) air retueli~ig,

(h) tactical for~i~tion, i) air-to-air cormbat, (j) loW-dltittoc- iianeuvers,

and (k) surface attack. I

sI

3:! 3-

I

PREFACE

The present listing ut visually assisted ond visually depcndentflight tasis was originally dratted fur use in a series of fligntsimulator visual system evalnations. The listing merits separat ipublication because it is amenable to a broader range of pilot trainingand researcn endeavors. he effort was accomplished under tht Universityof Dayton Research Institute flying training research support c(Iitract,No. F33615-84-C-0066, WorK Uqit 1123-03-79, wiich was sponsored --y the AirForce Human Resources Laboracury, U'erations Training Division:(AFHRL/YI). The autnor wishes to express nis app-ciation for T.,eprofessional support of the 'ollowing individuals:

Js. iMargaret Kl ii, who quickly afu carefully produce., thedrafts of the listing on the word processor;

or. Willirn , elsoi (AFHRL/UTJ), wno arrangud the interviews ith

the F-16 and F-15 pilots at Luke AFd;

Jr. li ,ae! -iorc.., who served as true liaison witih t,,e -rizonaAir National (iu,.. and

tue Pilots, who coruially snared their flying expkrti;.

iaj Ron Brown1laj ,on GrattuppHaj Linc LincolnAdj Fred lIccride,aj 6ob SnyderCapt beorge clarkCapt uene Kelley

1%

TA3LE OF ONT-Ei~il

1. INTR0UUCTIUN .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I3ay ou u. .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . .. 1Sce.............pe.............. 1

II. IEHETu 1..........................Training liarual Review..................................... 1Pilot Interviews........................................

III. TASK LISTING ...........................................

1.0 Takeoff and Landing................................... 32.0 ,ierobatics ........ *..................33.0 Aircraft Handliny Madneuvers ........................ 44.j Stalls ............................................... 45.0 Basic Forj1d!,s...................................6.U L)N"a vi gat i (n1........................................... b7.0 Air kufuelin m.....................................6.0 Tactical Forilaticfis................................... 6.O Air-to -Air Loi:iucit..................................... 7

10.u Lcw-AltituIe Mlaneuvers ............................. -11.0 S~UffaCe AtLdCK...............................................lu

IV. ALICA:, h....................................... I'Sy1 ]linus DeVeclo1eit ...................................... 11Performance 1easure;;:tt................................... 11Sirnultion -valiitril ~V!d ~................................. 12Vis-o3l Systeti, ijireiitjntts................................ 1

..................................... IL

IAPP<.J-'iX: SOUkRUL iATELKALS ................................ 15

L T uF T, DL

lau le r -

1 :n st -,Ac t r Pi i It- ntt:r v iew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TASK LISTIAU: VISUALLY ASSISTLU A14U VISUALLYDEPENDENT TASKS FUR FIGHTER AIRCRAFT

I. IITKOUUCTIUN

Background

This document provides a coiiprehensive l isting ot the vi&Jd tasks thatare trained in Air Force fighter aircraft. The task listing ,,as originallydeveloped for use in a proposed series of flight simulator evaluitiuns, whichwill focus on the training effectiveness of ttie visual systew tecnn.,logies.Because of the unique requirements of these evaluations, the task listing wascompiled to encompass the range of tasks froja standard airfield u)erations totactical cowuat. Additionally, the listing iuentifies the ta.3. chat comprisethe major tactical training missions; namely, counter air, air interdiction,close air support, rtconnaissance, and surveillance.

The task listing lhas a number of potential applications to militaryflight training and rt~earchi, due to its broad coverage uf tasks. For thisreason, the listing is puolisned as an inaependent document.

Scope

In tne compilation of the task listing, a distinction Was ddde OetWeetvisually assisted tasks and visually dependent tasks. The operationaldefinitions of these task categories are as follows:

Visually Assisted Tasks. Outside visual referencesare not required to perforhi the tasks; out the appropri~tuvisual cues riiay assist, or enhance, pilot perforiiartce.

Visually Ueenuent Tasks. Task-related, external visul cuesare imandatory. Th e tasks cannot be performed solely withinstruments.

Tne listing also inoicates whetner the tasks are traineu umier utn (layand night conditions or specifically in adylight or at nignt. Tie tasksperformed exclusively with instruients are nu included in tn l ist.

I I. IEI iOd

The tISK listing dds co.ipileu in two CuiiseCutivt pbIse : a troillingmanual review phase and (b) a pilot interview phase. Tue sp, .-ific cveraye ineach of th,:se ptases is descriued oelow.

Training Ianual Review

The first phase entdiled a review, of the Air Force tral a1 l'U 1 Ws thatare currently used in the training squadrons for undergrauuate j-ilet training,fighter an' IttdcK aircraft training, ad Vw-]evel fligot trj 1 i'y. From

-a 1I

this review, a preliminary task listing was uratted. In oidi t i;,, f iguruswere collected from the training nidnuals ana assembled into a uc(Aet toillustrate the flight naneuvers contained in tne task listing. I 'fe fighterand attack aircraft addressed in the review wtre the F-15, F-lu, F-5, anaA-10. Thle source materials from which the training tasks werv e~tracted areidentified in the appendix.

Pilot Interviews

In the second phase, seven instructor pilots (IPs) 4tre i iturviewea tovalidate tile task listing. At least )ne pilot was irtervieweo F-,r eacn of theweapon systeims that was represented ir th, re~view of the traiflinu i maiuals.Whenever it was possiule to interview two pilots from a squauror, thle pilot-swere interviewed simultaneously. Tne IPs were requested to corefully exailinethe listing for task omissions and redlundancies, as well as ttue iriadvertentinclusion of nonvisual tasks. The booklet cuntaining the illistrations of tilevarious flight maneuvers was 'provided to each of the pilots. Fo'7lowing eachinterview, the task listing was revised to incorporate tnle recoirendedchanges. The revised task listing was then used in the next into-:rview. Thespecifics of tne pilot interviews are presented in Table 1.

Tatole 1. Instructor Pilot intervie-os

Interview Numbur Aircraftsequence of pilots representeu Squadron Location

1. 1 F-b 425th Factical .4illiamis AEJ, AFighter lrainfiirSquadron

2. 2 A-10 3bbtn Tactical Ld1s-1,ontnianTraining Squoajr ,-

3. 2F-lb -+22nd Teciiiico 1 Luu:, AFB , MEvalua t ion3)quadr Jr

4. 1 F-lb 41ibtn lact ic-al L~6. AFB, AZF j hter S~j~olClru-

rb . 1F-16 162nd Tactic-al TucSot, AZ

Figjhttr uiroup.

ZO.

0- '.* -

I1. TASK Liili,6Visually Visual lyassisted dependentday night day night

1.0 Takeoff and Landing

1.1 Taxi U a

1.2 Takeoff (To transition fron VHC to IHC)c - N

1.3 VfIC Recovery U

1.4 VMC Pottern Entry

1.4.1 Normal Overnead Pattern U N

1.4.2 Straight-In Approach D N

1.4.3 Closcu Traffic Pattern u N

1.4.4 Pattern Re-entry D N

1.5 1IC P3:ttern Entry (After transition to VHC)

1.5.1 Precision Approach D N

1.5.2 Nonprecision Approach D N

1.5.3 Circling Approach D N

1.6 Landing D

1.7 Post-Landing Taxi U

2.0 Aerobatics

2.1 Loop %)

2.2 ime1 mann

2.3 Split $ I -

2.4 Cloverleaf U

2.s Aileron Roll L)

2.6 Barrel Roll 0

2.7 Cuoan Lighc

2.b Lazy Eight

2.9 Landel le

a,) _Day.

cVUL' Visual i;eteorologica Conoitions; 'I = ristruLw , ttu!ro I, icdi

Conditions.

3S

Visu3liy Visuallyassisted dependentT i~ghL day n liyht

3.0 Aircraft Hand1ing Hianeuvers

3.1 Vertical Recovery _

3.2 keversals b

3.3 Kolling !idneuver

3.4 Steep Turn

3.5 Pitchback

3.6 Sliceback

4.0 Stalls

4.1 1G Level S a V

4.2 Acceler<'e, Stal1

5.0 Udsic Forildation (Winyiian)

b. 1 Taxi N

5.2 Formation Takeoff D

5.3 Fingertip Forriation b . N.4 Crossuinder r

5.. oute For:;iitio r l N

5.6 Echelon Formiati ,n D H

5.7 ilase Fori,iation D

5.8 Fighting ,,.ing _L

b.9 '.ea"I Ch~anyk J

5.10 Pitchout and kejoiim

b. 10. I Straight-, neal e in .r,

5.1U.2 Turning Rejoin U A

5. 11 Overshoot and RejiiI. 11.1 Straiyht-Ahead iFej i,_5.11.2 iirnirng Rejoin ... Dt

I

V im-Ily Vi sual lysi (2( dtp endeiit

:(Ea y iyr t day n ight

b. 12 Lost i.inywan Prot-edures

5. 13 Foriiti n ecoverv D IN

b. 14 Forriatior PattertE Lry

~14. 1 Pi tchout to Overhead Pd tttjii U

t. 14.2 Fcniat ion S~ra ight- :n Appr.>ach U N

5. 14.3 Foiiricr- lissed Appro)Cacn .')

5.15 Fornation Landingj D N

5. 16 Post-Lanciyi2 'axi 3

6.0 N avi o t io n

o. 'I1 1 lot age i tnh n i yht r e ere nc es)

6.1.1 Locate Checkpoints N

6. 1. i1 igo is5n Terr a in ief e run es N-

6.Z instruiient . aviqation (leith niight reterences)

0.?.1 oel4 ;:(CJenifl9

7.0 Air Refueling

7. 1 FkeideZVOdS

7. 1. I :ij ,.

7 .I. 2 C-3

7.2 n st-r va t icnf Po s it ion

7.3 Precontact Position

7.4 Contact Psitiun

7. i~ntain i-ntactIL

7.0 6 Breojvjar, (in V:LC )

7.7 D iscon neL W,

7.86 ~e to r i

Vi I II Vi sw~d 1 lyJi is ted dependen t

h t II ay i(jtt.0 Tactical Formation

8.1 Two -S IIip Fo riar im

8.1.1 Str a ian t-Aleco Fo riia t iri .i n yrilan)

01. Forriat ion Turns8. 1.2. 1 liel~ I ~ C. "re f1 IJ j

iurL 1~ s r ,.): ir j

3. '1 . 1 Lede

3 ... &I . . TI urns (i.itc 1,kn)

8. 1n. TI rrs St iva rjnan i iia

-, n ra.

T .1.2.L J'r Tur

n. ii4. Ler

Visually Visually

assisted dependentdaynight day night

8.2.2 Arrowhead Formation

8.2.2.1 Straight-Ahead Formation D

8.2.2.2 Formation Turns D

8.2.3 Box (4-ship) Formation

8.2.3.1 Straight-Ahead Formation D

8.2.3.2 Formation Turns D

9.0 Air-to-Air Combat

9.1 Weapons Employment

9.1.1 Guns

9.1.1.1 Guns Tracking D

9.1.1.2 Snapshot _ _ D _

9.1.2 Missiles9.1.2.1 AIM-9

9.1.2.1.1 Boresight Shot _ _ D _

9.1.2.1.2 Off-Boresight Shot D

9.1.2.2 AIi-7 (No radar lock-on) D

9.2 Offensive BFld

9.2.1 Visual Threat Assessment9.2.1.1 Visual Identification (VID) _D A

9.2.1.2 Range D

9.2.1.3 Aspect Angle D - _

9.2.1.4 Angle-Off D

9.2.1.5 Closure Rate D

9.2.1.o Relative Energy State D

'

dBFP Basic F gter 71dneuvers.

Visually Visuallyassisted dependent

day niht daynight-ynj~h t T gh t-

9.2.2 Acceleration Maneuver _

9.2.3 Low Yo-Yo D

9.2.4 High Yo-Yo

9.2.5 Quarter Plane Maneuver _ _

9.2.6 Barrel Roll Attack 0

9.2.7 Lay Roll D

9.2.8 Imgnelmann Attack D

9.2.9 Pure Pursuit D

9.2.10 Lead Pursuit 0

9.2.11 Lag Pursuit _

9.2.12 Lag Corner D _

9.2.13 Separation

9.3 Neutral BFII

9.3.1 Lead Turn ,

9.3.2 Two-Circle Fight D

9.3.3 Single-Circle Fight - -

9.4 Counteroffensive BF'l

9.4.1 Extension -

9.4.2 Break Turn b

9.4.3 Hard Turn (Sustained) D

9.4.4 Reversal .

9.4.5 Scissors D

-w

9.5 , Last Ditch Haneuvers

9.5.1 Gun Break Turn 0

9. .2 High-G Roll Over The Top

9.5.3 High-G Roll Underneath 3

9.5.4 Jinkout D

9.b Air Combat Haneuvers (ACG!)

.6.1 Offensive AC.

9.6. 1.1 Engaged _

9.o.l.2' Supporting D,

4 q

Visually Visuallyassisted dependentday night day night

9.U.2 Defensive ACM

9.6.2.1 Engaged _)

9.6.2.2 Supporting _D

9.7 Air Intercepts (Transition from Radar to Visual) D

9.8 Deployable Airborne Retrievable Target (DART) Attack

9.8.1 Visual Acquisition D

9.b.2 Guns Tracking D

9.8.3 Snapshot D

9.8.4 Reposition Maneuver D

10.0 Low-Altitude ia eo'vers (rerrain Clearance Tasks)

10.1 Straight-an-Level D

10.2 Level Turns D

10.3 Unloaded Roll D

10.4 Loaded Roll 0

l0. 1 Aings-Luvel Pull D _

10.6 wings-Level 6unt U

10.7 inverted lurning Pull D

iU.8 ,verted Puli - -

10.9 Llimbing Turn D

10. 10 'laxiirum Recovery laneuver D

10.11 4ings-Level Dive and Recovery D

10.12 iescending Turn D

10.13 Vertical Snake D

10.14 lorizontal Snake U

10.15 Vertical Jinks U

10.16 Jblique Jinks D

10.17 Reversals U

10. lo Ridge Urossing D

9

VI

Visually Visuallyassisted dependentday niht day nl"Fh t

11.0 Surface Attack

11.1 Controlled Range Procedures

11.1.1 Box Pattern I N

11.1.2 Curvilinear Pattern D N

11.1.3 Pop-Up Pattern D

11.1.4 3ump-Up 1laneuver D

11.1.5 Fly-Up Attack D

11.2 Surface AttacK Tactical

11.2.1 Terr3i,i Alasking D

11.2.2 Initial Point (IP) to Target D

11.2.3 ru , i,,jet Acquisition D

11.2.4 Curvilinear Attack D

11.2.5 Pop-Up Attack D

11.2.6 3ump-Up 'laneuver D

11.2.7 Jfiset Q0eel Patterr, D

11.2.8 kando!.i 4nee1 Pattern D

11.2.9 ;a;,,iw AttacK D

11 l.2.10 -,4t taL-K s t tradfw

l.Z.lu.] 1Lump-Up keattack

11.2.10.1.1 Restricted D1.11.2.10. 1.2 Randori D

.Z. 0.(.2 Pop-Up Reattack11.2.1U.2.1 Restricted U

11.2.10.2.2 Random U

11.2. 11 Egress Target Area D

10

60

Vi sud Illy Vi sua 1lly''

assisteu dependentday nihtt

11.3 Weapons Eiiployment

11.3.1 uive Bombing D _

11.3.2 Louc-Angle Bombing D 1_

11.3.3 Low-Anglt Low Drag _D 1

11.3.4 Level Bombing D .

11.3.5 Dive Toss Bombing D .

11.3.6 Lateral Toss Bombing D -

11.3.7 High-Angle Strafe D IN

11.3.8 Low-Angle Strafe D N

11.3.9 Long-Raroe Strafe _

11.3.10 Two-Tarnet Strafe D

11.3.11 koc Et Leli,ery D

l1.3.12 Delivery witn Ground ilarkers N

11.3.13 Lelivery with Flares N

11.3.14 "hit" Assessment _D -

IV. APPLICATINi S !,

The present listing encompasses the visual tasks that are traineo inboth fighter and attack aircraft, as well as the tasks that coiiprise themajor Air Force tactical training iissions. Because of tnis broadcoverage, the task listing has practical utility in a variety of flignttraining and research settings. Representative applications of the tasklisting are described in the following paragraphs.

Syllabus Development

Training syllabuses are used to ensure that trainees receivestandardized practice on the training events. These syllauuses Drescribethe individual tasks to be trained and the sequence of events that arepracticed. In the development of a syllabus for either flight training orresearch, the task listing could be used to establish the visua1 flightmaneuvers the pilots ilust perform.

Performiance leasurement

Pilot pertori;iance measures developed for one set of tasks ia,' not berelevant for another set of tas'.s. For exai~iple, bo,ib miss JistclnC2 is arinformative measure ot bombing performance; but it is irrelevani t)formation training. 6ecause some measures of performlance are ctearlytask-specific, the task listing could be utilized to distinguisio Oetweentraining events for the development of task-related perforiance criteria.

Simulation System Evaluations

The task listing could be used to identify the specific trainingcapabilities of a flight simulator visual system, as follows:

S iriu I ation

Flight Tasks Day Niyht

Landing x xFormationAir Refueling x xAir-to-Air ComibatSurface Attack x X

The task listing could also be used to compare the trainin:gcapabilities of alternative visual simulation systeim configurations on acommon set of tasks. An example of this application is provided below:

i!]ulator A SirulaLr 3Flight Tasks Day Ni ght Day 1,i ht

Landing x x x xF orm at io n x x __.

Air Refueling - - x xMissile Employment x x - -

Offensive BFM x x -

Pop-Up Pattern x x x x

Visual System Requirements

The task listing could have practical applications in fligl tsimulator acquisition and engineering development programs for Jetermining(a) what tasks require visual imagery for training and () whicn tasksrequire both day and night visual simulation. Simulator procurerient W

managers could use this information to write training syste;i .Iesign

specifications that will provide simulation capabilities consistent withAir Force training requirements. The engineers, on the other laru, couldprofit from the task listing in the identification of, say, tie Visialdatabases required to simulate the tasks.

V. PRECAUTIONARY NOTES

Severdl precautions snould be observel in the use )f tK?- isklisting; tu wit:

1. The task listing does not represent a specific air _ ,rt or

training mission.

2. Primary flialt instruments (e.g., attitude, altit. , :airspeed) are required for the tasks, evur tnu.ugr the tasKs i,,: .V 1>,

related.

3. Sotie of the pilots based their judgilents on a generic aircraft

configuration, wnich does not have the specialized cockpit avionics they

are accustoiled to operating. In the absence of this equipment, they wouldrely on visual cues.

4. Air Force reqjulations stipulate visual meteorological conditions

for training various tasks, although the tasks could theoretically be

performed on instruiments alone. These regulated tasks were treated as

vision related.

It is recolimended that qualified pilots and the relevant training

manuals be consulted whenever the task listing is implemented in training

and research. The specific training operat ins can be determined from themanuals, and the pilots can validate the training tasks.

*1

APPENJIX: SOURCE IATERIALS

The task listing was covilei using tne f ollowing unclassifiedsource materials, which are organized on the basis of the aircraft or areathey represent.

Undergraduate Pilt raining

Department of the Air Force (1982, Decei,,ber). Primary flying,jet (VC rManual 51-4). Randolph AFB, TX: Headquarters ArTraining Compand.

F-16

Department ot the mir Force (1986, October). Air-tu-air phasemanual, F-IbA/B. Tucson, AZ: 16Znd Tactical Fighter Group.

Department of th- Air Force (1986, October). Conversion phasemanual, F-itAib. Tucson, AZ: 162nd Tactic1a Fighter Group.

Departr;,tn 3f I Force (1986, Octouer). F-16A farmal flyin training, air-to-surface phase manual. (7cLi1I AFB,L" b6tn Tactical Training Wing.

F-15

Departient of the Air Force (1985, July). F-15 foriial flyingtrainitg9, air-to-air training manual. Luke AF, tAZ: 4UbthTactical Training Wing.

Jepartient of the Air Force (1984, Hay). F-15 for,,,.l 1intrai41i,, conversion training manual.Luke AF-;, 7 :40thlacticai Training Wing.

A-10

Department of the Air Force (196b, June). USAF u (,1,d %trainii course A-l, surface attack tacticaI trainingianlua- 1 . avis-tIonthan AFB, 355s-th Tdctical TriingWing.

Jepartment f the Air Force (19b5, September). JSA- c.radetraini rj ffurse A-10, trans ition/instruments trd, ,1manual. Javis-ionthan AFB, AZ: 355th Tactical TriningWing.

,Jepartme;it if tne Air Force (19655, Augist). USAF ipqridetra iinr c.)urse A-10, air refueling traininy r an a.Davis-iTonthan AFB, AZ: 355th Tactical

,epartmmen , ir Force (1985, August) . USAF ' ' lu_rai j:,,. urse A-iO, surf-aco attack training ;oa- ia I

)avi1i--onthan AFB. AZ: 355th Tactical Trainin. vii, n.

Department of the Air Force (1985, Hay). USAF upgrade trainingcourse A-1O, BFH/BAN training manual. DavIs-Honthan AFB,AZ: 35'tn Tactical Training Wing.

Departmentt I-f tne Air Force (1985, Hay). USAF upgrade trainingcour. .A-i0, aissimilar defensive maneuvering trainingmanuai Davis-ilonthan AFB, AZ: 355'th Tactical TrainingWing.

Departiietit of the Air Force (1985, .lay). USAF upgrade trainingcourse A-l0, formation training manuaI. Davis-;Ionthan AFB,AL: 355th Tactical Training Wing.

Department cf ow ... Ir F k.rc (1985, lay). USAF upgrade trainingcourse M-!u, jight oiutratiuns training manual.Javis-71ont--an AFB, AZ-755hTactical Training wing.

Department of the Air Force (1984, January). USAF uopgradetraini nj§''.O n-lO, low level operations trainlt Iman -. D r.-at an AFB, AZ: 355th Tactical Training

F-5

Departi ,t' ) trie A-ir Force i .i1 , January). USAF/'AP advancedfigi courses F-5, air intercept pnase rianual. Luke AFB,A'" 4.!ttn Tactical Training Wing.

, artrient )f the ,ir Force ( 1960, flay). USAF/FIAP auv.inced

.fit cr cur t F-5, ground attack phase manual. LuKe AFB,-- , 4u~-~h7CtC-ic Training Wing.

:2part,,ifnt L rAir Force (19S0, April). USAF ',V a'vanced

f i, t jrs :-, (ir coibat pnase manual. Luke AFB,, Z :u~ t ac - E~ann __'g

AZ £ F -76C _: 71- rainindrg.jepartnunt ," tne _1- ForcL .1.o, qp-i 1. USHLMP advanced

f )Lt--r cL.ur-es F-5, transitiunl phase mauual. Luke AFB,

)Jrth l 1rit rc, (1 b, . .anuary). USAF, I P aP vanceofiq', " c ~ir s -t

I i t , phase idnual. .ue AFB

.tpartient )f t , A.r 11 Septemn er). S,,ra n PJ. , v or c : i: , r c . : : L:. A P T p n t .la T T ! . L u k e A F B ,

AL;, L t iaL Cd rli n 7rnrY7Th.

;O ~3a t l f ;t ., i -~h e A ' F'r :e ( 1 /i , Ajgu s t). U8AF 't 4d Variced

f i srI C 'ur : m - , f urria t iFri phase i,,anua I . I- iL B , AZ:

Qtn " cticT77aTing 'rr .

tpart . it- ',it Force 1 7-), .a uary). dT-AF.,;'4t a.ivanceGsfite, :_rScsF -5, l Stl'l ItS phntarse ianua Ikc A7-7,

AZ: td', r ,ti-aI Training king.

''-a

Low-Altitude Training

Toldy, M.E., & Miller, H.J. (1985). Low altitude training forpiluts: Test course (AFHRL-TP-85-17, AD-B096 160L).Williams AFB, AZ: Operations Training Division, Air ForceHuiian Resources Laboratory.

General References

Gunston, S., & Spick, II. (1983). Modern air com.ibat. hew York:Crescent Books.

Sweeti;ian, ., C1ething, N.J., Richardson, D., Spick, 11.,& Gunston, B. (1987). ihe great book of modern werplanes.New York: Portland House.

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