Literary DevicesLiterary Devices

Mr. LoweMr. LoweAmerican LiteratureAmerican Literature

4A4A

Overview of the LessonOverview of the Lesson

Today we will be Today we will be looking at 4 looking at 4 different types different types of literary of literary devicesdevices

• MetaphorMetaphor

• SimileSimile

• PersonificationPersonification

• ImageryImagery

MetaphorMetaphorThe Comparison of 2 unlike things not using The Comparison of 2 unlike things not using

the words “like” or “as”the words “like” or “as”

• DIRECT DIRECT COMPARISONCOMPARISON

• ANALOGYANALOGY

• ALLEGORYALLEGORY

• IDENTICAL IDENTICAL SUBSTITUTESUBSTITUTE

• CONTRASTCONTRAST

• SIMILESIMILE

• DIFFERENCEDIFFERENCE

• OPPOSITEOPPOSITE

SimileSimileThe Comparison of 2 unlike things using the The Comparison of 2 unlike things using the

words “like” or “as”words “like” or “as”

• CORRELATIONCORRELATION

• PARALLELPARALLEL

• RELATIONRELATION

• EQUIVALENTEQUIVALENT

• OPPOSITEOPPOSITE

• DIFFERENCEDIFFERENCE

• SEPERATIONSEPERATION

• INFERIORINFERIOR

PersonificationPersonificationGiving a non-human thing human qualitiesGiving a non-human thing human qualities

• Gives EmotionsGives Emotions

• Gives DesiresGives Desires

• Gives SensationsGives Sensations

• Gives Physical Gives Physical GesturesGestures

• Does not make Does not make the object humanthe object human

• Does not change Does not change the objects formthe objects form

• Does not change Does not change the objects the objects functionfunction

Group ActivityGroup Activity

Please join together with the person Please join together with the person in closest proximity to you and in closest proximity to you and read the following poems by Emily read the following poems by Emily Dickenson.Dickenson.

After finishing please find 1 After finishing please find 1 example of personification in each example of personification in each poem and write them on the page poem and write them on the page provided.provided.

““Because I could not stop for Because I could not stop for Death "Death "Because I could not stop for Death,Because I could not stop for Death,

He kindly stopped for me;He kindly stopped for me;The carriage held but just The carriage held but just ourselvesourselvesAnd Immortality.And Immortality.

We slowly drove, he knew no We slowly drove, he knew no haste,haste,And I had put awayAnd I had put awayMy labour, and my leisure too,My labour, and my leisure too,For his civility.For his civility.

We passed the school where We passed the school where children played,children played,Their lessons scarcely done;Their lessons scarcely done;We passed the fields of gazing We passed the fields of gazing grain,grain,We passed the setting sun.We passed the setting sun.

We paused before a house that We paused before a house that seemedseemedA swelling of the ground;A swelling of the ground;The roof was scarcely visible,The roof was scarcely visible,The cornice but a mound.The cornice but a mound.

Since then 'tis centuries; but Since then 'tis centuries; but eacheachFeels shorter than the dayFeels shorter than the dayI first surmised the horses' I first surmised the horses' headsheadsWere toward eternity.Were toward eternity.

Hope is the thing with Hope is the thing with feathersfeathers

Hope is the thing with Hope is the thing with feathersfeathersThat perches in the soul,That perches in the soul,And sings the tune without And sings the tune without the words,the words,And never stops at all,And never stops at all,

And sweetest in the gale And sweetest in the gale is heard;is heard;And sore must be the stormAnd sore must be the stormThat could abash the That could abash the little birdlittle birdThat kept so many warm.That kept so many warm.

I've heard it in the I've heard it in the chilliest landchilliest landAnd on the strangest sea;And on the strangest sea;Yet, never, in extremity,Yet, never, in extremity,It asked a crumb of me. It asked a crumb of me.

PersonificationPersonification

Metaphor and SimileMetaphor and Simile

•In the following two poems by In the following two poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Sylvia Plath look for examples Sylvia Plath look for examples of Metaphor and Simile and of Metaphor and Simile and write them on the paper write them on the paper provided.provided.

A Psalm of LifeA Psalm of Life

• A PSALM OF LIFEA PSALM OF LIFE •             WHAT THE HEART OF THE YOUNG MANWHAT THE HEART OF THE YOUNG MAN

                    SAID TO THE PSALMIST                     SAID TO THE PSALMIST •         TELL me not, in mournful numbers, TELL me not, in mournful numbers,

        Life is but an empty dream ! —         Life is but an empty dream ! —     For the soul is dead that slumbers,     For the soul is dead that slumbers,         And things are not what they seem.         And things are not what they seem.

•         Life is real !   Life is earnest! Life is real !   Life is earnest!         And the grave is not its goal ;         And the grave is not its goal ;     Dust thou art, to dust returnest,     Dust thou art, to dust returnest,         Was not spoken of the soul.         Was not spoken of the soul.

•         Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,         Is our destined end or way ;         Is our destined end or way ;     But to act, that each to-morrow     But to act, that each to-morrow         Find us farther than to-day.         Find us farther than to-day.

•         Art is long, and Time is fleeting, Art is long, and Time is fleeting,         And our hearts, though stout and         And our hearts, though stout and brave, brave,     Still, like muffled drums, are beating     Still, like muffled drums, are beating

        Funeral marches to the grave.         Funeral marches to the grave. •         In the world's broad field of battle, In the world's broad field of battle,

        In the bivouac of Life,         In the bivouac of Life,     Be not like dumb, driven cattle !     Be not like dumb, driven cattle !         Be a hero in the strife !         Be a hero in the strife !

•         Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant ! Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant !         Let the dead Past bury its dead !         Let the dead Past bury its dead !     Act,— act in the living Present !     Act,— act in the living Present !         Heart within, and God o'erhead !         Heart within, and God o'erhead !

•         Lives of great men all remind us Lives of great men all remind us         We can make our lives sublime,         We can make our lives sublime,     And, departing, leave behind us     And, departing, leave behind us         Footprints on the sands of time ;         Footprints on the sands of time ;

•         Footprints, that perhaps another, Footprints, that perhaps another,         Sailing o'er life's solemn main,         Sailing o'er life's solemn main,     A forlorn and shipwrecked brother,     A forlorn and shipwrecked brother,         Seeing, shall take heart again.         Seeing, shall take heart again.

•         Let us, then, be up and doing, Let us, then, be up and doing,         With a heart for any fate ;         With a heart for any fate ;     Still achieving, still pursuing,     Still achieving, still pursuing,         Learn to labor and to wait        Learn to labor and to wait. .

MirrorMirror• I am silver and exact. I have no I am silver and exact. I have no

preconceptions.preconceptions.Whatever I see, I swallow Whatever I see, I swallow immediately.immediately.Just as it is, unmisted by love or Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislikedislikeI am not cruel, only truthful –I am not cruel, only truthful –The eye of a little god, four-The eye of a little god, four-cornered.cornered.Most of the time I meditate on the Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall.opposite wall.It is pink, with speckles. I have It is pink, with speckles. I have looked at it so longlooked at it so longI think it is a part of my heart. I think it is a part of my heart. But it flickers.But it flickers.Faces and darkness separate us over Faces and darkness separate us over and over.and over.  Now I am a lake. A woman bends over Now I am a lake. A woman bends over me.me.Searching my reaches for what she Searching my reaches for what she really is.really is.Then she turns to those liars, the Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon.candles or the moon.I see her back, and reflect it I see her back, and reflect it faithfullyfaithfullyShe rewards me with tears and an She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands.agitation of hands.I am important to her. She comes and I am important to her. She comes and goes.goes.Each morning it is her face that Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness.replaces the darkness.In me she has drowned a young girl, In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old womanand in me an old womanRises toward her day after day, like Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish. a terrible fish.

RepetitionRepetition

Read the Poem “The Read the Poem “The Bells” by Edgar Bells” by Edgar Allen Poe. What Allen Poe. What does the does the Repetition in Repetition in this poem this poem suggest/make you suggest/make you feel?feel?

Rhetorical QuestionsRhetorical Questions

Find three Find three examples of examples of rhetorical rhetorical questions found questions found in Patrick in Patrick Henry’s “Speech Henry’s “Speech to the Virginia to the Virginia Convention.” Convention.” What are they What are they used for?used for?

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

ParallelismParallelism

Find examples of Find examples of parallel parallel structure within structure within the Declaration the Declaration of Independenceof Independence

In grammar, In grammar, parallelism is a parallelism is a balance of two or balance of two or more similar words, more similar words, phrases, or clauses. phrases, or clauses. The application of The application of parallelism in parallelism in sentence sentence construction construction improves writing improves writing style and style and readability.readability.

AllusionAllusion

An allusion is a An allusion is a figure of speech figure of speech that makes a that makes a reference to, or reference to, or representation of, representation of, a place, event, a place, event, literary work, literary work, myth, or work of myth, or work of art, either art, either directly or by directly or by implication. implication.

Find an example Find an example of allusion in of allusion in the Speech to the Speech to the Virginia the Virginia Convention.Convention.

HyperboleHyperbole

Hyperbole is an Hyperbole is an extravagant extravagant exaggeration.exaggeration.

• It is going to take a It is going to take a b'zillion years to get b'zillion years to get through Medical through Medical School.School.

• I ate the whole cow.I ate the whole cow.

• He's 900 years old.He's 900 years old.

• I am so hungry I could I am so hungry I could eat a horse.eat a horse.

• There are millions of There are millions of other things to do.other things to do.

• You're always doing You're always doing thatthat