literary terms - mrs. dusto's wiki @ lhs -...

Literary

Terms

Captions

Created and compiled by Pauline Hawkins

For

Liberty High School

English Department

Copyright 2006

Revision 2011

2

Types of Writing

Allegory

Caption: Pictures associated with Animal Farm. The farm is the literal lev-

el; the Kremlin is the allegorical (or figurative) level of the novel.

Caption: Mrs. Hawkins’ son said, “Look, Mommy, I decorated my face!”

This is a story meant to entertain.

Anecdote

Caption: These people are trying to persuade each other

through writing.

Argument

Caption: The woman is recalling important events in her life in order to

write an autobiography.

Autobiography

3

Types of Writing

Caption: This reporter will write a story about this boy, which will

make it a biography.

Biography

Caption: A happy theatre mask and blissful marriage are both symbols of

comedy. Comedies are funny and usually end in marriage.

Comedy

Caption: Like subjective writing, it shows a personal thing, such as a tooth-

brush.

Subjective

Caption:

This picture shows equal sides and fairness like a writer would do with

objective writing. The objects are equal. (Mnemonic device)

Objective

4

Types of Writing

Caption: On the left is a picture of James Bond, a popular spy. On the right

is Austin Powers, a man who comically portrays a James Bond-type

spy.

Parody

http://images. amazon.com/

images/G/01/

dvd/james-

bond /4/octupussy

2_lg.jpg

http://www. partybox.

co.uk/data/

images/ 6ftcutout

Austin

powers.jpg

Caption: This book is an example of a novel because it is more than

100 pages long.

Novel

Caption: The boy is reading a smaller book (less than a 100 pages).

Novella

Caption: Cinderella is a narration because it talks about a series of

events all related to one another.

Narration

5

Types of Writing

Caption: The main characters can be introduced in the prologue of a play or

story. The characters are introducing each other here.

Prologue

Caption: These are regular books, not poetry.

Prose

Caption: Orwell ridiculed Communism in an attempt to change the

way people see it.

Satire

Napoleon

on

Animal

Farm

Caption: A sad face is shown to display an unhappy ending, usually death.

Tragedy

6

Essay Writing Terms

Caption: In class Mr. Smiley had us write essays.

Essay

Caption: If you are talking about Cinderella, you will reference

Charles Perrault in the first sentence because he is the author.

Accreditation

Caption: This models what a thesis statement should look

like, including the topic and point of the essay.

Thesis Statement A thesis statement will have two parts. The first part states the topic; the second part states

the point of the essay.

First Part Second Part

England’s culture → has a rich and varied history.

Building a model train set → takes time and patience.

Public transportation → can solve some of our

city’s most persistent and

pressing problems.

Boxer → is deceived into destroying

himself for a cause that was

never his own.

Caption: You can tell the reader what topics you will be covering in the or-

der of support.

Forecast

7

Essay Writing Terms

Caption: Someone working out, which gives you "power" or empower-

ment to do something.

Power Paragraph

Caption: These people are introducing each other just as a topic

sentence introduces information.

Topic Sentence

Caption: When you are writing your commentary/ analysis you are writ-

ing your own thoughts.

Commentary/Analysis

Caption: Going by statistics and facts, not your own opinion.

Support/Concrete Details

8

Essay Writing Terms

Caption: This shows a deeper meaning and a magnified understanding.

Concluding Sentence

Caption: The boy ran with joy, when he completed his conclusion for his

essay.

Conclusion

Caption: When you look closer you can find a deeper meaning in life.

Intensified Insight

Caption: A summary sums up the main points of the writing.

Summary

9

Essay Writing Terms

Caption: The audience determines the angle, words, and formality of the

content.

Audience

Caption: There are many different purposes for writing, so the writer has to

pick the right tool for the job, just like the different purposes of the dif-

ferent knives.

Purpose

Caption: The writer is showing an example of his writing that he

has had to investigate and then explain.

Expository Writing

Caption: Descriptive writing makes you feel emotions just like art

does.

Descriptive Writing

10

Essay Writing Terms

Caption: The mom is telling a story to her child. She is the narrator.

Narrative Writing

Style

Caption: He convinced the girl to love him with his music.

Persuasive Writing

Caption: These women show their own style by expressing them-

selves just as a writer does in his/her writing.

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Story Elements

Caption: A clock, mouse, and pumpkin describe the events that happened

in Cinderella.

Plot

Caption: These students are being introduced to this lady like the

conflict is introduced in the exposition.

Basic Situation/Exposition

Caption: Two men are arm wrestling, representing characters of opposing

forces.

Conflict/Problem

Caption: This woman is having conflicting thoughts… An internal conflict.

Internal Conflict

12

Story Elements

Caption A man is shown caught in a wind storm to represent an outside op-

posing force.

External Conflict

Caption: Someone trying to solve the complication, but a new problem

arises.

Main Events/Complications

Caption: One character is about to kill the other character which is the cli-

max of the story because we will find out how the conflict is going to

work out for the main character.

Climax

Resolution

Caption: Resolutions come at the end of the story.

13

Story Elements

Caption: Untying the knot or discovering what happens.

Denouement

Caption: A man reflecting, looking at the world through his point-of-view.

Point-of-View

Caption: If Ariel were to sing me a song of her life, it would be in 1st per-

son.

Point-of-View: First-person

Caption: This narrator is focused on one person.

Point-of-View: Third-person

limited

14

Story Elements

Caption: This shows a process just like characterization shows a

process of revealing a character.

Characterization

Caption: Stories that begin with the line “Once upon a Time” are usually

told from an omniscient point-of-view.

Point-of-View: Third-person

omniscient

Caption: The mother hen is the one telling the story, she is the narrator.

Narrator

Caption: Direct characterization is found directly in the writing and

it tells us what the character is like.

Direct Characterization

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Caption: This reader is judging what a character is like based

on evidence in indirect characterization.

Indirect Characterization

Caption: A person hearing what the character has to say. We have to figure

out how they act/ how they are by what they say.


Methods: 1

Story Elements

Caption:: This man is telling his thoughts about another man to this

woman, which tells us something about that man.


Methods: 2

Caption: Seeing what the character looks like helps you to learn about

them.


Methods: 3

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Caption: A girl is shown thinking so we can see her thoughts and feelings,

telling us something about her.


Methods: 4

Caption: The way the characters are acting shows what kind of person they

are.


Methods: 5

Story Elements

Caption: The sheriff of the town helps the town and is the person that we

pay attention to in the story.

Protagonist

Caption: The burglar opposes the sheriff.

Antagonist

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Story Elements

Caption: A dynamic character goes through phases in the story and changes

during each one.

Dynamic Character

Caption: This scene uses comic relief because it uses humor to lighten the

mood.

Comic Relief Hamlet’s

Grave-digger

Scene is

often

considered

comic

relief. http://

www.andrewsellon.com/images/hamlet.jpg

Caption: A foil is a contrast to another character, just like Yin and Yang.

Foil

Caption: Flat man is not well developed; we don’t know much or care to.

Flat Character

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Story Elements

Caption: A very specific and detailed picture that shows something being

well developed.

Round Character

Caption: Static electricity is making this person’s hair stand up, a true static

character; this type of character never changes.

Static Characters

Caption: This boy may be motivated to give the girl a frog for

many reasons, such as love.

Motivation

Caption: This picture illustrates the time, place, etc. of a story.

Setting

19

Caption: In this picture Romeo is referencing Cupids "weak bow" because

she won't fall in love.

Allusion Romeo is alluding to Cupid, stating that the wom-

an he loves cannot be charmed by Cupid’s bow

and arrow. In other words, she has no desire to fall

in love.

“From Love’s weak

childish bow she lives

uncharmed” Romeo—Act I, Scene i, line 212

Story Elements

Caption: Two people having a conversation.

Dialogue

Caption: This girl is having a flashback and is remembering some-

thing from the past.

Flashback

Caption: The shadow of the other man foreshadows something menacing

to come.

Foreshadowing

20

Story Elements

Caption: One is up and one is down so they are contrasting.

Irony

Caption: Sarcasm is an example of verbal irony.

Verbal Irony

Caption: This man is confused because the opposite of what he expected

happened.

Situational Irony

Caption: We all know something that this man on the stage does not.

Dramatic Irony

21

Story Elements

Caption: A man is shown looking nervous and biting his nails to represent

anxiousness.

Suspense

Caption: Theme is the main idea and how it affects humanity

Theme

Caption: The reader can see that his attitude is annoyed and stubborn.

Tone

22

Caption: Emily Dickinson is one of the world’s most famous poets.

Poetry

Poetry and Shakespeare

Caption: The masks represent the theater and a specific kind of drama in

which the main character dies.

Shakespearean Tragedy

Caption: A love letter is shown because sonnets are usually about love.

Sonnet

Caption: The speaker in a poem is the voice of the poem, like the voice we hear at

assemblies.

Speaker

23


Caption: The man is talking to the audience, not to her; she does

not hear him.

Aside

Caption: The king is the only speaker in the monologue.

Monologue

Caption: The character shares his own thoughts on stage alone.

Soliloquy

Caption: Stanzas are similar to paragraphs in prose.

Stanza

Our God, our help in ages past, Our hope for years to come,

Our shelter from the stormy blast,

And our eternal home.

Under the shadow of Thy throne

Thy saints have dwelt secure; Sufficient is Thine arm alone,

And our defense is sure.

Before the hills in order stood, Or earth received her frame,

From everlasting Thou art God,

To endless years the same. [etc.]

Our God, our help in ages past, Our hope for years to come,

Our shelter from the stormy blast,

And our eternal home.

Under the shadow of Thy throne Thy saints have dwelt secure;

Sufficient is Thine arm alone,

And our defense is sure.

Before the hills in order stood, Or earth received her frame,

From everlasting Thou art God,

To endless years the same.

Stanza 1

Stanza 2

Stanza 3

Stanza 4

Stanza 5

Stanza 6

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Caption: This line is written in blank verse that does not rhyme but has

iambic pentameter as its meter.

Blank Verse Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare

But soft! What light through yonder window breaks?

It is the East and Juliet is the sun!

—Act II, scene 2, line 2-3

Caption: AA, BB, CC is a rhyme scheme because it is a pattern of

rhyming words.

Rhyme Scheme “Old Mary” by Gwendolyn Brooks

My last defense a

Is the present tense. a

It little hurts me now to know b

I shall not go b

Cathedral-hunting in Spain c

Nor cherrying in Michigan or Maine. c

Caption: The repetition of stressed and unstressed syllables is the main

idea in meter.

Meter Trochaic foot: Stressed syllable followed by an

unstressed syllable

Peter, Peter, pumpkin eater,

Had a wife and couldn’t keep her….

Caption: The man on the left is unstressed while the other appears rather

stressed, just as syllables are in iambic pentameter.

Iambic Pentameter 2 syllables x 5 feet = 10 syllables

˘ ΄ = one foot

25

Caption: There is no rhyme or meter used in this free verse poem by Whit-

man.

Free Verse “When I heard the Learn’d Astronomer”

by Walt Whitman

When I heard the learn’d astronomer,

When the proofs, the figures, were

ranged in columns before me,

When I was shown the charts and diagrams,

to add, divide and measure them,


Repetition of: s &w

Caption: All of these sentences’ first consonants are the same.

Alliteration “sweet smell of

success”

“dime a dozen”

“And sings a solitary song

That whistles in the wind.”—

Wordsworth

Repetition of: s

Repetition of: d

Caption: The vowel sounds in the words are all very similar.

Assonance Seeing the snowman standing all alone

In dusk and cold is more than he can

bear. The small boy weeps to hear the wind prepare

A night of gnashings and enormous moan.

—Richard Wilbur From “Boy at the Window”

Repetition of :

ō, a, ə, ē

Caption: There is a repetition of similar consonants in this poem.

Consonance A word is dead

When it is said,

Some say.

I say it just

Begins to live

That day.

—Emily Dickinson

Repetition of: w, d, s, t

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Caption: “BANG” is an onomatopoeia because when you say it, it

sounds like it would when an object makes that noise.

Onomatopoeia


Caption: The refrain from Poe’s poem is Nevermore .

Refrain

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Words to Discuss Literature and Language

Caption: Hot and fire and cold and ice have things in common, so they can

be used in an analogy.

Analogy

Testing Example:

hot is to cold as

fire is to ice

OR

hot:cold :: fire:ice

Caption: How something is said, or written is a person’s diction.

Diction

Caption: A light bulb is “a bright idea” a person has, but also literally sheds

light on a subject.

Symbol

Caption: Archetype connects humans all over the world.

Archetype

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Caption: This is a connotation because it shows what image

comes to mind when a person thinks of a certain word.

Connotation

Arrogance Pride

Caption: The dictionary definition is shown because that’s what denotation

is.

Denotation Arrogance:

overbearing

pride

evidenced

by a

superior

manner

toward

inferior

Pride:

A sense of

one's own

proper

dignity or

value;

Arrogant or

disdainful

conduct


Caption This person is using imaginative comparison to imagine that he is

in space.

Figurative Language

Caption: A centaur is a mix between a human and a horse. It is like a metaphor be-

cause one thing has become another.

Metaphor

29


Caption: The word “is” is used to connect two different things in a meta-

phor.

Direct Metaphor

The pigeon is a

postal carrier.

Caption: The pigeon is not being called the mail carrier. It is

just doing the job of one.

Implied Metaphor The carrier brought

the message via

air mail.

Caption: “He is steady as a rock” is a simile.

Simile

Caption: This is showing something that mice can’t do but humans can;

therefore, giving the mouse human characteristics.

Personification

30


Caption: All five senses play a part in imagery.

Image/Imagery

Caption: This man is very self confident to the point of arrogance.

Hubris

Caption: This is an exaggeration because it is physically impossible

to hold the world in your hands.

She has

the

whole

world in

her

hands!

Hyperbole

Caption: The black knight understates his pain.

Understatement In Monty

Python and

The Holy

Grail, the

Black

Knight has

his arms and legs hacked

off and says "It's Just A

Flesh Wound!"

31

Caption: The meaning of the word “bar” changes, playing on the different

meanings of the word.

Pun

The first guy walks into a

bar, the second guy walks

into a bar, the third guy

ducks.


Caption: The couple isn't rich with money, but rich with love.

Paradox

O. Henry: “One

of the richest

couples on

earth” about

Della and Jim.

Caption: These two statements contradict each other yet create rhythm and

interest with the repetition of form.

Dickens: “It was

the best of times,

it was the worst

of times...” Tale

of Two Cities.

Parallelism

Caption: The words sweet and sorrow together contradict each other.

Oxymoron

Juliet:

“Parting is

such sweet

sorrow”

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