literary terms - palmyra area school district · pdf file · 2016-06-09• is a...
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LITERARY TERMS
Comm. Skills 9 – Mr. Eckert
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*Metaphor
• is a comparison of two unlike things not using‘like’ or ‘as’. Think of this as renaming something.
• ex. Her words are butterflies. • ex. I am an old abandoned house.
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*Simile
• is a comparison between two unlike things using ‘like’ or ‘as’.
• ex. “You spin a story like a spider spins her web.” - The Format.
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Personification
• is giving human qualities to inanimate objects.
• ex. The sun smiled down on us. • ex. The gate squawked closed.
Photo Credit
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*Hyperbole
• is a deliberate and obvious exaggeration used for effect
• ex. I called you a billion times and you never picked up!
• ex. I worked a shift that seemed to last forever.
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Theme
• is a broad idea in a story, or a message or lesson conveyed by a work.
• How to find the theme in a work: o 1. Ask yourself, “What is the work about?”
___________ o 2. Ask yourself, “What about __________?”
• Theme is NEVER just one word. • “Love” isn’t a theme / “Love endures all things” is a theme
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Characterization
• The way in which the author develops a character
• S ays • T hinks • E effects on others • A acts • L ooks
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Point of View
• is the perspective on events of the narrator or a particular character in a story.
• 1st person: __________________________ • 2nd person: __________________________ • 3rd person: __________________________
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Setting
• is the time and location in which a story takes place.
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Conflict
• The struggle between opposing forces--e.g., CHARACTERS, nations or ideas--that provides the central ACTION and interest in any literary PLOT.
Example: • The fighting and arguing between Buzz
and Woody in the movie Toy Story.
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External Conflict
There are 3 main types of external conflicts: Man (Individual) vs. Man (Individual) Man vs. Nature Man vs. Society
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Internal Conflict
Is the complication that happens within a character’s head; it may be a moral dilemma the character is facing, or it may take the shape of a choice or a desire. Why is this important? Internal conflict creates individuality for a character; it sets her apart from the rest of the story and gives a motivation for choosing certain actions.
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*Irony
• incongruity between what actually happens and what might be expected to happen.
• ex. The fireman’s house burnt down.
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*Alliteration
• is the repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words
• generally more than 2 words • ex. “We wink when widows wince...”
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Check for Understanding
• V for Vendetta
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Literary Elements - Section Two
Petapixel.com
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Satire
• is the use of wit, especially irony, sarcasm, and ridicule, to critique politics and society.
• ex. South Park • ex. The Simpsons
Source
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Mood
• is the atmosphere or state of mind of a work.
• “Cask of Amontillado” is dark and suspenseful
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Tone
• is the author’s attitude toward the subject and/or toward the audience implied in a literary work.
• Ex: My best friend set me up on a date with a friend of hers. It was dreadful!(negative)
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Imagery
• is writing or language that evokes one or all of the five senses
• Ex: He fumed and charged like an angry bull.
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Symbolism
• is the use of symbols to represent something abstract by something concrete.
• Ex: The color white often symbolizes purity.
• Ex: 13 districts in Hungers Games
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Foreshadowing
• is a literary device in which an author drops subtle hints about plot developments to come later in the story
• “I could see the smile on his face. It would be the last time I would ever see that smile”
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*Allusion
• is a brief reference to a person, event, or place, real or fictitious, or to a work of art
• The 3 most common allusions: textual, biblical, and historical
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*Allusion (types)
• Textual—when another text is referenced (Maze Runner)
• Historical—when a historical event is referenced (World War 2 or Abraham Lincoln)
• Biblical—when some aspect of the bible is referenced (ex: Judas)
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*Literary Elements – Section Three
https://www.google.com/search?q=final+round&safe=active&biw=1253&bih=598&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAWoVChMIj7Gd1_uCyAIVw6A-Ch3uSQxo#safe=active&tbm=isch&q=poe&imgrc=xpN1j58WR_Bq-M%3A
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*Flashback
• Interrupts the sequence of the story to expose an earlier event, conversation, or scene
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls0XS6J3fs0
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*Plot
• The entire story (beginning, middle, end) -- the sequence of events that take place in a story
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*Elements of Plot
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*Plot Diagram
• Exposition – introduction where characters and setting are revealed
• Rising Action - The sequence of events that lead to the climax
• Climax –The highest point or the “a-ha!” moment of the story
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*Plot Diagram (continued)
• Falling Action – The events and complications begin to resolve
• Resolution – This is how the story ends.
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*Repetition
• Recurring words, phrases, or ideas to
create emphasis
• “Cask of Amontillado” when Fortunato keeps saying AMONTILLADO!
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*Assonance
• The repetition of vowel sounds with two
or more neighboring words.
• Ex: And so all the night-tide, I lie down by the side of my darling-my darling-my life and my bride
(repeated “I” sound)