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Literature Review: Themes and Categories

ARCHITECTURE / BUILDINGS

Relevant Thesauri: FISH Thesaurus of Monument Types: http://purl.org/heritagedata/schemes/eh_tmt2 Components (EH): http://purl.org/heritagedata/schemes/eh_com Historic England Periods: http://purl.org/heritagedata/schemes/eh_period Getty Research Institute Art and Architecture Thesaurus: http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/ FISH Building Materials Thesaurus: http://purl.org/heritagedata/schemes/eh_tbm FISH Archaeological Objects Thesaurus: http://purl.org/heritagedata/schemes/mda_obj (mainly fixtures and fittings, and architecture) Historic Characterisation Thesaurus: http://fishforum.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/2/7/14279169/aug15_final.pdf

FISH Chronology: http://heritage-standards.org.uk/chronology/

Types1 Elements2 Period / style Materials & Construction Agents

Agriculture & Subsistence

o Crop-related buildings o Livestock accommodation o Stables & cart sheds o Warrener’s lodge o Shepherds hut o Glasshouse o Processing o Farmhouse o Back house o Workers’ accommodation o Shieling

Commemorative

o Cemetery o Crematorium

Plan-form

Building Components

o Annex o Balcony o Conservatory o Cupola o Dovecote o Entrance block o Garderobe (toilet) o Hypocaust o Landing o Lift o Loggia o Narthex o Outshot

Vernacular

Polite

Period

o Prehistoric (43-500,000 BC)

o Roman (43BC – 410 AD) o Early Medieval (410-1066) o Medieval (1066-1540) o Post-medieval (1540-

1901) - Tudor (1485-1603)

- Elizabethan (1558-1603)

- Stuart (1603-1714)

Materials

o Ashlar o Brick o Canvas o Cobble o Decorative plaster o Mud & earth o Gravel o Man Made o Metal o Mineral o Rubble o Stone o Tessera o Textile o Thatch

Architects

Architectural historians

Artisans

Builders

Crafts people

Designers

Engineers

Heritage professionals

Patrons

Planners

Users

1 Includes all sub-categories, which are available via the relevant thesauri noted above, in particular Monument Types, Historic Characterisation, and Getty Art & Architecture

2 Includes all sub-categories within the FISH ‘EH Components’ Thesaurus

2

o Funerary monument o Public monument o Memorial o War memorial

Commerce & Exchange

o Shops & shopping o Auction houses o Markets & exchanges o Banks o Post Office o Offices o Inns & hotels o Eating & drinking o Clubs & lodges o Warehouse o Distribution o Counting house

Communication

o Telecommunication o Signalling o Watch tower

Culture & Entertainment

o Reading room o Library o Museum o Gallery o Exhibition building o Assembly room o Meeting house o Concert hall

o Pavilion o Pergola o Porch o Loft o Service block o Staircase o Steeple o Tomb o Tower o Ventilation shaft o veranda

Structural Components

o Aisle o Alcove o Ancone o Apex stone o Apro o Apse o Arcade o Arch o etc3

Areas and spaces

Order

o Tuscan o Ionic o Doric o Corinthian o Composite o Colossal o Applied

- Jacobean (1603-1625) - Hanoverian (1714-

1837) - Georgian (1714-1830) - Victorian (1837-1901)

o 20th Century (1901-2000) - Early 20th Century

(1901-1932) - Edwardian (1902-

1910) - First World War (1914-

1918) - Mid 20th Century

(1933-1966) - Second World War

(1939-1945) - Cold War (1946-1991) - Late 20th Century

(1967-2000)

o 21st Century 2001 to 2100

Style

o Medieval - Early medieval - Romanesque - Gothic

o Early modern - Renaissance - Baroque - Palladian - Rococo

o Tile o Timber o Artificial slate o Glass o Paint & pigments

Construction

o Aisled o Cruck o Box framed

Marginalised agents (female, BAME and LGBTQ+ agents)

3 See also: Getty AAT Single built works Architectural Elements

3

o Theatre o Cinema o Dance Hall o Zoological o Pier

Domestic

o Vernacular o Town house o Suburban o Country house o Villa o Modern housing o Lodging house o Hostel o Flat o Houses for the clergy

Education

o College o Gallery o Library o Museum o School o University o Craft centre o Examination hall o Field Centre o Laboratory o Training centre o Reading room o Observatory o institute

Machinery

Fixtures and Fittings

o Altar o Ambo o Bath o Boot scraper o Confessional o Cupboard o Cycle rack o Display case o Font o Grille o Lamp o Lectern o Mantelpiece o Oven o etc4

Decorative Features

o Historicist/exotic styles - Neo-Classical - Greek revival - Roman revival - Gothic revival - Chinoiserie - Egyptian revival - Neo-Romanesque - Renaissance revival - Neo-Byzantine - Jacobethan - Queen Anne revival - Arts and Crafts - Art Nouveau - Edwardian Baroque - Neo-Georgian - Neo-Palladian

o Modern - Modernism - Art Deco - Brutalism - Hi-Tec - Post-modernism

4 Ibid.

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Health & Welfare

o Hospital o Spa o Sanatoria o Asylum o Convalescent home o Health centre o Alms-house o Workhouse o Dispensary o Children’s home

Industrial

o Colliery o Energy generation o Mine o Quarry o Manufacturing o Processing o Storage & distribution o Factory o Chimney o Mill o Workshop

Law & Government, incl Civil buildings

o City Hall o Civic Centre o Government buildings o Law courts o Police station o Prison o Fire station o Police box

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o Town Hall o Workhouse

Maritime & Naval

o Trade o Transport o Lifeboat station o Customs house o Seamark o Lighthouse o Shipbuilding o Dockyard o Fishing and whaling o Coastal battery o Submarine base o Slipway

Military / Defence

o Castle o Fortification o Military installation o Military building o Military residence o Signalling o Transport o Air raid shelter o Air raid precaution (ARP)

centre o Evacuation camp o Sentry box o Pillbox o Bomb decoy o Anti-aircraft o Prisoner of war camp

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Place of Worship

o Cathedral o Chapel o Church o Meeting house o Minster o Mosque o Succah o Synagogue o Temple

Sports, Leisure & Recreation

o Outdoor sports & recreation

o Exhibition centre o Coastal recreation o Indoor sports &

recreation o Recreation ground o Showground o Accommodation o Clubhouse o Pavilion/hall o Cinema o Playhouse o Activity centre o Winter garden o Visitor centre

Street Furniture

o Steps o Bollards o Lighting o Milestone o Guidepost

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o Boundary marker o Signpost o Bus shelter o Drinking fountain o Drinking trough o Letter box o Telephone kiosk

Transport

o Bridge o Canal structure o Railway station o Engine shed o Viaduct o Tollhouse o Stable o Car park o Car showroom o Petrol filling station o Service station o Buildings for flight

Utilities

o Water supply o Sewage disposal o Electricity supply o Gas supply/storage

Garden & park structures

o Boundary wall o Gatepost o Fountain o Statue o Glasshouse o Shed

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o Boat house o Fishing lodge o Folly o Garden house o Gate lodge o Gazebo o Herbarium o Icehouse o Potting shed o Summerhouse o Tree house

RECORDING, ANALYSIS & CONSERVATION

Relevant Thesauri: FISH Event Types Thesaurus: http://purl.org/heritagedata/schemes/agl_et FISH Archaeological Sciences Thesaurus: http://purl.org/heritagedata/schemes/560 Getty Research Institute Art and Architecture Thesaurus: http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/ Historic Characterisation Thesaurus: http://fishforum.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/2/7/14279169/aug15_final.pdf

Materials Science Conservation Settlement / Location Survey Setting/Environment

Timber Sampling

Dendrochronology

Mortar sampling

Petrological analysis

Conservation Practice

Theory & principles

Education

Repair & alteration

Risk / Threat

o Collapse o Deterioration o Development o Digging o Drainage o Fire

Administrative

o Region o County o District / Unitary

Authority o Parish

Landscape type / topography

o Rural o Urban o Coastal & intertidal o Freshwater body

Heritage Assessments

o Management Survey o Characterisation o Historic Area Assessment o Environmental Impact

Assessment o Desk Based Assessment o Conservation Area

Appraisal

Non-intrusive methods

o Remote sensing o Photogrammetry

Regional character

Regional Variations

Climate change impacts

Settlement patterns

European & Global impacts

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o Flooding o Machinery damage o Natural erosion o Plant growth o Rain entry o Relocation o Inappropriate restoration o Rot o Subsidence o Vandalism o Visitor erosion

o Marine o Upland o Lowland o Wetland o Enclosed/agricultural o Common land o Grassland o Heathland o Marsh o Moorland o Peatland o Woodland

Settlement Type

o City o Town o Housing estate o Village o Hamlet o Isolated dwelling o Isolated farm

Economic Base

Inhabitants

o Artists’ colonies o Retirement communities o Squatter settlements o etc5

Complexes6

o Housing estate o College campus

o Building survey o Architectural survey o Field observation o Aerial photo

interpretation

5 See Getty AAT for full list of sub-categories

6 Ibid.

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o Gallery complex o Open air museum o University campus o Crematorium complex o Business park o Market o Retail park o Shopping centre/arcade

European & Global impacts

RESEARCH, UNDERSTANDING & PROTECTION

Relevant Thesaurus: FISH Threat Types List, available here: http://heritage-standards.org.uk/fish-vocabularies/

Disciplines Organisations Legislation & Policy Heritage Values Economic & Social

Heritage Studies

Architectural History

Construction History

Buildings Archaeology

Landscape Archaeology

Buildings Conservation

Structural Engineering

Historic England

English Heritage

National Trust

National Amenity Societies

o Ancient Monuments Society

o Council for British Archaeology

o Garden History Society o Georgian Group o Society for the Protection

of Ancient Buildings o Twentieth Century

Society o Victorian Society

Ancient Monuments Acts

o Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1882

o Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1900

o Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1910

o Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act, 1913

o Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act, 1979

Listed Buildings / Conservation Acts

o Town and Country

Evidential

Historical

Aesthetic

Communal

Civic amenities

o Flood and erosion defence

o Waste disposal o Water storage and supply

Post-war planning

Health & well-being

Functional and socio-cultural influences

Private / Public buildings

Heating / intro of services (electric, water, etc)

Room use & circulation

Social, political, ethnic and

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Building Preservation Trusts

Community Groups

Planning Act, 1932 o Town and Country

Planning Act, 1944 o Town and Country

Planning Act, 1947 o Civic Amenities Act, 1967 o Town and Country

Planning Act, 1969 o Planning (Listed Buildings

and Conservation Areas) Act, 1990

Other Legislation

o Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act, 1953

o National Heritage Act, 1983

o National Heritage Act, 2002

o Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act, 2013

Planning Policy / Guidance

o Planning Policy Guidance Note 15: Planning and the Historic Environment, 1994

o Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment, 2010

o National Planning Policy Framework, 2012

gender identities

Impact of design on other building types

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Conservation Principles, 2008

Building Regulations