lithuanian studies

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LITHUANIAN STUDIES LITHUANIAN STUDIES ILONA RINKEVI ILONA RINKEVI ČIENĖ ČIENĖ Centre of Foreign Languages Centre of Foreign Languages Introduction Introduction

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LITHUANIAN STUDIES. ILONA RINKEVI ČIENĖ Centre of Foreign Languages. Introduction. LITHUANIA - LIETUVA. Lithuania is a republic in northeastern Europe. It covers 65.300 sq. km and is the largest of the three Baltic nations. Its population is about 3 million. STATE EMBLEM - VYTIS. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: LITHUANIAN STUDIES

LITHUANIAN STUDIESLITHUANIAN STUDIES

ILONA RINKEVIILONA RINKEVIČIENĖČIENĖ

Centre of Foreign LanguagesCentre of Foreign Languages

IntroductionIntroduction

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LITHUANIA - LIETUVALITHUANIA - LIETUVA

Lithuania is a republic in northeastern Europe.

It covers 65.300 sq. km and is the largest of the three Baltic nations.

Its population is about 3 millionIts population is about 3 million

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STATE EMBLEM - VYTISSTATE EMBLEM - VYTIS

It dates back to 1366, the time of Grand Duke Algirdas, It dates back to 1366, the time of Grand Duke Algirdas, and became an emblem of the Grand Duchy of and became an emblem of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the beginning of the 15th century.Lithuania at the beginning of the 15th century.

In 1918 Vytis became the symbol of statehood of In 1918 Vytis became the symbol of statehood of Lithuania.Lithuania.

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FLAG OF LITHUANIAFLAG OF LITHUANIA

yellow stripe - the sun, Lithuania's fields of wheat yellow stripe - the sun, Lithuania's fields of wheat and prosperity; and prosperity;

green - the country's forests, flora and hope; green - the country's forests, flora and hope; red - the blood spilt for independence, courage red - the blood spilt for independence, courage

and the people's love for Lithuania.and the people's love for Lithuania.

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A FEW HISTORICAL FACTS A FEW HISTORICAL FACTS

7th - 2nd centuries BC7th - 2nd centuries BCThe first Baltic tribes established themselves The first Baltic tribes established themselves on what it is now known as the territory of on what it is now known as the territory of Lithuania. Lithuania.

11th century11th centuryThe word Lithuania was first used in written The word Lithuania was first used in written texts (1009 AD).texts (1009 AD).

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13th century13th centuryDuke Duke MindaugasMindaugas united local chieftains to united local chieftains to

defeat the Livonian knights at the battle of defeat the Livonian knights at the battle of SaulSaulėė in 1236, in 1236, thus establishing the state of thus establishing the state of Lithuania. Lithuania.

Embracing Christianity for political Embracing Christianity for political reasons he was crowned Lithuania's one reasons he was crowned Lithuania's one and only king in 1253.and only king in 1253.

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114th century4th century

Grand Duke Grand Duke GediminasGediminas invited European invited European merchants and other notaries to his new merchants and other notaries to his new capital in 1323, the acceptedcapital in 1323, the accepted date of the date of the founding of Vilnius. founding of Vilnius.

Threatened by enemies from both the East and Threatened by enemies from both the East and the West, Grand Duke the West, Grand Duke JogailaJogaila secured a secured a dynastical pact with Poland.dynastical pact with Poland.

The dynasty ruled over the Polish-Lithuanian The dynasty ruled over the Polish-Lithuanian kingdom for almost two hundred years.kingdom for almost two hundred years.

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In In 1410 1410 Polish - Lithuanian armies led by Polish - Lithuanian armies led by JogailaJogaila and and Grand Duke VytautasGrand Duke Vytautas defeated the Teutonic knights at the defeated the Teutonic knights at the battle of battle of Tannenberg / Grünwald / Tannenberg / Grünwald / ŽŽalgiris.algiris.

By 1430 the Lithuanian lands extended By 1430 the Lithuanian lands extended from the Baltic to the Black Sea.from the Baltic to the Black Sea.

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Tannenberg /Grunwald battle (painted by J.Mateika)

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1616thth century century

The Renaissance brought marked cultural The Renaissance brought marked cultural advances:advances:

printing of the first Lithuanian book inprinting of the first Lithuanian book in 15471547, ,

founding of Vilnius University infounding of Vilnius University in 15791579..

The priviledge ofThe priviledge of the the foundation was granted by foundation was granted by Stephan BatorStephan Bator who ruled Lithuania who ruled Lithuania in in 1576-1586.1576-1586.

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At the At the Union of Lublin in 1569Union of Lublin in 1569

the Polish - Lithuanian kingdom was the Polish - Lithuanian kingdom was formally merged into a commonwealth formally merged into a commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita)(Rzeczpospolita) headed by an elected headed by an elected

monarchmonarch

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1818thth century century

The Livonian wars with Russia and The Livonian wars with Russia and Sweden drained the Commonwealth's Sweden drained the Commonwealth's resources. Weakened by internal dissent resources. Weakened by internal dissent it fell victim to a partitioning between it fell victim to a partitioning between Russia, Austria and Prussia. Russia, Austria and Prussia.

In 1795 Lithuania became part of Russia.In 1795 Lithuania became part of Russia.

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19th century19th century

Tsarist rule brought strict censorship and Tsarist rule brought strict censorship and forced forced RussificationRussification. A ban was imposed . A ban was imposed on Latin script forcing the smuggling in on Latin script forcing the smuggling in of books from neighbouring Königsberg of books from neighbouring Königsberg (now known as Kaliningrad, and (now known as Kaliningrad, and ironically part of Russia). Patriotic unrest ironically part of Russia). Patriotic unrest lead to the 1863 national uprising.lead to the 1863 national uprising.

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20th Century20th Century

The The First World WarFirst World War brought hope of a brought hope of a Lithuanian autonomy, and under the Lithuanian autonomy, and under the German tutelage of 1915 - 1918 the German tutelage of 1915 - 1918 the Lithuanian Council (Lithuanian Council (TarybaTaryba)) proclaimed proclaimed the Republic of Lithuania on February the Republic of Lithuania on February 16, 191816, 1918 (Independence Day)(Independence Day)..

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Lithuanian independence ended with the Lithuanian independence ended with the secret signing of the secret signing of the 1939 Molotov - 1939 Molotov - Ribbentropp act between Hitler and Stalin,Ribbentropp act between Hitler and Stalin, who carved up spheres of influence in who carved up spheres of influence in Eastern Europe. Eastern Europe.

Lithuania was subjected to Soviet and Lithuania was subjected to Soviet and Nazi occupation in turn. Nazi occupation in turn.

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In more than 4 decades of forced Soviet In more than 4 decades of forced Soviet assimilation Lithuania never lost its identity. assimilation Lithuania never lost its identity. In In June June 19881988 t the Reform Movement he Reform Movement SSąąjjūūdisdis founded by a few hundred representatives of founded by a few hundred representatives of the intelligentsia, advocated “openness, the intelligentsia, advocated “openness, democracy and sovereignty”. democracy and sovereignty”. OOnn 23 August 23 August 1989 1989 two million Lithuanians, Latvians and two million Lithuanians, Latvians and Estonians joined their hands in a human chain Estonians joined their hands in a human chain stretching 650kmstretching 650km between Vilnius and Tallinn between Vilnius and Tallinn in protest of the 50th anniversary of the in protest of the 50th anniversary of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.

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On On 1111 MarchMarch 199 19900 thethe Supreme Supreme Council declared the restoration Council declared the restoration of Lithuania’s independenceof Lithuania’s independence

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In In 1991 1991 (Feb 12(Feb 12)) Iceland became the first country Iceland became the first country to recognise the independence of Lithuania.to recognise the independence of Lithuania.

IIn n 1991 1991 ((Sept 17)Sept 17) three Baltic countries were re-three Baltic countries were re-admitted into the admitted into the UNUN..

In In 19931993 thethe Lithuanian pre-war currency Lithuanian pre-war currency litaslitas was was restored.restored.

In In 1993 1993 thethe last Russian soldiers left Lithuania. last Russian soldiers left Lithuania.

In In 20042004 Lithuania joined NATO and the EU. Lithuania joined NATO and the EU.

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Lithuanian Studies Lithuanian Studies (in English) H255B001(in English) H255B001

Week 1. Needs analysis, planning course activitiesWeek 1. Needs analysis, planning course activities 2-3. Sightseeing in Kaunas, the city of our studies. 2-3. Sightseeing in Kaunas, the city of our studies.

DiscussionDiscussion 4-5. Brief outline of history of Lithuania4-5. Brief outline of history of Lithuania 6-7. Towns and cities of Lithuania. Presentations6-7. Towns and cities of Lithuania. Presentations 8. Education system in Lithuania. Comparison with 8. Education system in Lithuania. Comparison with

your own education systemyour own education system 9. Education system in Lithuania - mini conference. 9. Education system in Lithuania - mini conference. 10. Customs and traditions in Lithuania. Compare with 10. Customs and traditions in Lithuania. Compare with

your country’s customs and traditionsyour country’s customs and traditions 11. Customs and traditions - mini conference11. Customs and traditions - mini conference 12. Visits to Kaunas museums12. Visits to Kaunas museums 13-14. Project work13-14. Project work 15-16. Project presentations15-16. Project presentations

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You will learn more about us

if you come to this course.

Thank You!