livelihood vulnerability and sustainability
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/28/2019 Livelihood Vulnerability and Sustainability
1/12
Livelihoodvulnerability andSustainability:
Indigenouscommunities inSan Martin, Peru
Ricardo Villanueva
Case study
-
7/28/2019 Livelihood Vulnerability and Sustainability
2/12
San Martin,
Peru
This region is locatedin the northeast ofPeru.It is formed by severalvalleys which arepart of theAmazonian basin.Huallaga and Mayorivers are the largestsystems.
-
7/28/2019 Livelihood Vulnerability and Sustainability
3/12
-
7/28/2019 Livelihood Vulnerability and Sustainability
4/12
BASIC FACTS
Altitude: 800 4000 meters
above the sea
Average year temperature: 23 CAverage year precipitation: 1300cubic mm
Habitats:
Mountain forest, subtropical rainforest, lowlands, swamps andamazonian river valleys.
-
7/28/2019 Livelihood Vulnerability and Sustainability
5/12
-
7/28/2019 Livelihood Vulnerability and Sustainability
6/12
Problems affecting local communities
Awajun communities in San Martin are settledand concentrated in areas easily accessible byasphalted roads and in cases like Alto Mayo,
Shampuyacu, High and Low Naranjillo haveaccess to basic services like electricity andrunning water.
Local environment has been deteriorated as a
consequence of unplanned human intervention.Different processes that have converged to put understress the natural resources in their areas, includingwater, soil and wildlife.
-
7/28/2019 Livelihood Vulnerability and Sustainability
7/12
Hazards affecting these communities rangefrom weather events exacerbated by global
warming as well as local demographic andeconomic processes such as settlement offarmers from the surrounding highland areas.
A major problem is the pollution of rivers andstreams which supplied fish to the household diet,as well as the depletion of species of wild animalscaused by overhunting.
-
7/28/2019 Livelihood Vulnerability and Sustainability
8/12
-
7/28/2019 Livelihood Vulnerability and Sustainability
9/12
Most common land tenure type in the regionare small family holdings and communityshared plots.
Low productivity and poor agriculturalpractices have led to water and soil pollution,
erosion and desertification. Institutionalweaknesses prevent the development ofsustainable natural resource management.
Over recent years as individual households
have gained acces to land titles land leasing isbecoming increasingly attractive. Families andcommunities may rent out land for theproduction of cash crops
-
7/28/2019 Livelihood Vulnerability and Sustainability
10/12
Non sustainable land use
Land leasing and weakeness in effectivemanagement of natural resources lead to
pollution of fresh water pools and furtherexhaustion of soil nutrients. It causes thatafter the cycle of use leasers move to newlocations thus extending soil degradation.
Mechanized farming, agro-industrial, andforest-colonization activities are responsiblefor significant deforestation.
-
7/28/2019 Livelihood Vulnerability and Sustainability
11/12
Forestry Local households are entitled to access forests
through a community forest management model
implemented by local forest cooperatives. But incontrast to other areas of the Peruvian
Amazonian basin where lowland indigenous
communities actually receive access to forest
reserves- deforestation has caused severe
reduction of native forest and secondary woods
have replaced them Therefore agriculture
remains as the major productive activity.
-
7/28/2019 Livelihood Vulnerability and Sustainability
12/12