Livelihoods Support Systems in Livelihoods Support Systems in Jharkhand Watersheds Jharkhand Watersheds

Challenges in rural Challenges in rural LivelihoodsLivelihoods

• 80-85% area is under rain-fed mono crop, low productivity for all major crops

• Only 10.20% of net sown area is irrigated • 46% of the population lives below the poverty line.• Low awareness among farming community about modern

agricultural practices• Lack of on input, technological extension and marketing

services • 59.40% of employment comes from agriculture and allied

sector and contributes 21.70% of GSDP• About 12.5% of households do not get two square meals a

day (NSSO, 55th Round) • State is mineral rich, however contributes only 3% of rural

employments• Only 75.4% of households have safe drinking water and

16.8% have toilet facility. • 15.2% households have electricity connection

Mr. Mallikarjun Kharge, Hon’ble union minster of labour and employment informed Rajya sabha on the basis of Labour Bureau’s Survey March 2010

Status of Employment in Status of Employment in Jharkhand (%)Jharkhand (%)

Main Worker: those who were engaged in any economically productive activity for 183 days (or six months) or more during the year.

Marginal Workers: those who worked for less than 183 days (or six months). SOURCE: Jharkhand Youth Policy 2007

Livelihood definitionLivelihood definition

Livelihood means support; subsistence, Livelihood means support; subsistence, occupation or employment ; means of living occupation or employment ; means of living especially of earning enough money to feed the especially of earning enough money to feed the family and meets basic survival needs.family and meets basic survival needs.

– Meaningfully occupiedMeaningfully occupied– Cope with risk and shocksCope with risk and shocks– Sustainable Sustainable – With dignityWith dignity

Livelihood system in WS – a paradigm shift in the focus of mainstream watershed programme towards the marginalized.

…an attempt to reverse the vicious cycle of poverty, assetlessness, vulnerability, debt and exclusion…..

• Handholding services

• Training • Exposures• Infrastructure• Risk and

shocks bearing

Identification of Viable Activities

Sustainable Activities

Survey in VillagesResourcesSkillsTechnologyFinanceInfrastructureSupport Services

Market survey• Own Village

– Shop– Trader– Vendor

• Local Market• Town Market• Export to other

cities/ countries

Felt Needs Demand Pattern Project SupportPrioritization

Livelihood AssessmentLivelihood Assessment

Livelihoods Support ServicesLivelihoods Support Services

• Financial services– Credit/Savings/insurances

• Business Development Services– Inputs/marketing/skill development

• Institution development services– Formation and strengthening of CBOs– Technical and hand holding support

Livelihood approachesLivelihood approaches

•Enterprise at individual level•Skill up gradation approaches•Micro watershed approaches •Cluster approaches/ Federation •Convergence with other schemes and

agencies

Livelihood InitiativesLivelihood Initiatives•Initiatives to improve quality of life

•Food Security•Sanitation•Health•Literacy•Awareness•Skill

•Income generating activities

•Land based•Pisciculture•Livestock•NTFP/MFP•Micro Enterprise & Micro Finance

Land and Water based Management & Land and Water based Management & Livelihoods LinkageLivelihoods Linkage

NTFP

Animal HusbandryAGRICULTURE NRM based

Livelihood

FISHERY

AFFOESTATION/PLANTATION

In-situ moisture conservation

Major possible rural livelihood Major possible rural livelihood opportunities in Jharkhandopportunities in Jharkhand

• Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP)Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP)• Lac CultivationLac Cultivation• Tassar CultivationTassar Cultivation• Mushroom CultivationMushroom Cultivation• Vermi CompostVermi Compost• Bamboo Basket Making/ Incense stick rollingBamboo Basket Making/ Incense stick rolling• Bidi Bidi rolling rolling • Animal HusbandryAnimal Husbandry• Food processingFood processing• Road -side mechanics/ Bare foot mechanicRoad -side mechanics/ Bare foot mechanic• Bio gasBio gas• Tree plantation/ agro forestry/ horticultureTree plantation/ agro forestry/ horticulture• Nursery raising through shed net/poly house.Nursery raising through shed net/poly house.• Medicinal plantsMedicinal plants

Lac cultivationLac cultivation

• Two crops per year can be taken up. 2 varities are reared Kusumi Lac and Rangeeni Lac. Rangeeni lac (Palash and Ber) is mounted in the month of October and can be harvested in the month of February.•Rangeeni lac yields 8 to 10 Kg/tree and income pre tree will be Rs.400 to Rs.500.• Brood lac is mounted in the month of JULY on the host plants. May be harvested in the month of FEB.• kusum tree produces 100 kg of Lac per plant.• A commercial Kusum lac stick may fetch Rs: 300-350. • 600 farmers are the beneficiaries of lac cultivation.•Farmers are getting an income of Rs. 6000 to Rs.7000 per Kusum tree.

TASSAR AS TASSAR AS LIVELIHOODLIVELIHOOD• TASSAR is a bivoltine

sericulture reared on Arjun and Assan trees. (june-july and oct-nov season).

• Cocoon gets ready for harvest after 45 days for seed crop. 90 days for commercial crops

• One DFL may produce 70-80 cocoons

• One cocoon will fetch Rs : 1-2.• One farmer will be given 100

DFLs• These DFLs reared on 150- 200

trees.• Approximately 7000 cocoons

shall be harvested.• Cost of DFL and spray will cost

Rs: 800• Gross Income of Rs: 10500-

14000

Teak Plantation Teak Plantation • Teak seedlings are raised through root /shoot cutting.• 1,32,000 teak seedlings planted in 132 acres on farmers land.•These seedlings have been planted in the month of July 2011 and attained the size of 2.5- 4 cm girth, after 10 years expected value of each tree would be Rs.12,000-15,000• Total no. of farmers involved is 332 and more numbers of farmer are joining this activity

Potato seed Potato seed ProductionProduction

• Breeder seed- Foundation seed 1- Foundation seed 2-Certified seed- Truthful seed.• Seed sowing from October to November.• 8-10 Qtl per acre is the seed rate.• Production 120-150 Qtl per acre. • varieties: kufri chandramukhi, sundri, jyoti, lalima etc.• Successfully piloted with 30 farmers last year, now ready for up scaling

Low Cost Tree Gabion

Bio Gas

SRI Paddy Distribution of Solar Lantern

Mango Orchard development through Women SHGs at Gumla

Inspection of Mango Orchard development at Bedo block, Ranchi

District

Mushroom CultivationMushroom Cultivation

Mushroom considered as a viable business activity for the ‘poor’

– Low investment– Low gestation period– Low risk– High return– use of agriculture by products– Ready market

Presence of resource organization with technical know-how

Livelihoods promotionLivelihoods promotion

Mushroom Cultivation

Vegetable Nursery Raising through Women SHGs under

Shednet at Chuchu, Hazaribagh

Drip Irrigation and Nursury raising in East Singhbhum

District

SHG Training on stitching at East Singhbhum

Solar Service Station at Getalsud, Ranchi under Convergence between TERI (Lighting of billion lives)

Diploma in Watershed Management course inauguration in October 2011 by Honorable Deputy chief minister of

Jharkhand

Masonry, Carpentry, Bar-bending Skill Training Programme under convergence through GVT and L&T at Bedo Ranchi

Masonry, Carpentry, Bar-bending Skill Training Programme under convergence through GVT and L&T at Bedo Ranchi

DUCKARY AS DUCKARY AS LIVELIHOODLIVELIHOOD• Duckling Hatchery facility of 6000 capacity is with RKM•One month old ducklings sold @ Rs 150/ ( Khaki Cambel)•Duck starts giving eggs from six months to 2 -3 years and gives 500 -600 eggs.•IWMP distributes 10 (2 male and 8 female) ducks to an individual.•66 individuals are getting benefits.•Cost of rearing per bird including vet care is Rs:200•Net income per bird per year will be Rs:1000

Goat Rearing through Goat Rearing through breed improvementbreed improvement

•The viable unit includes 1 male (Beetel breed) will service 50 Female•A female produces 10 to 14 Kids in her life span. • A kid matures in 1½ years with weight approximately 18 Kg.• Considering per kg rate =Rs.200, a goat sells at Rs.3600 to Rs.4000.•Feeding and other cost comes to e Rs. 400/Goat •Per year per income will be Rs. 2700 per goat

•10 Beetel procured and introduced in IWMP villages in Hazaribagh district and managed by SHG

Series of loose boulder check dams with support of bamboo at East Singhbhum for prevention of soil erosion

Series of loose boulder check dams with support of bamboo at East Singhbhum for prevention of soil erosion

Bamboo basket making by local Turis at East Singhbhum

Jalminar under EPA in Kulhi Microwatershed)

Convergence with other Departments and Convergence with other Departments and schemes for livelihood activitiesschemes for livelihood activities

• BAU/ IGNOU-Diploma in watershed managementBAU/ IGNOU-Diploma in watershed management• L&T and GVT-SGSYL&T and GVT-SGSY• National Bamboo MissionNational Bamboo Mission• National Horticulture MissionNational Horticulture Mission• MGNREGSMGNREGS• Horticulture and Agro-Forestry Research Programme Horticulture and Agro-Forestry Research Programme

(HARP)(HARP)• Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)/ Zonal Research Station (ZRS)Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)/ Zonal Research Station (ZRS)• Jharcraft Jharcraft • RKVYRKVY• FisheryFishery• BRGFBRGF• NABARDNABARD• NIRD and SIRDNIRD and SIRD• Other Vos/ NGOs etcOther Vos/ NGOs etc

Few suggestions Few suggestions • DPR is prepared through Participatory Net Planning using GIS

based digitization of proposed activities on village map. • It is proposed that a systematic convergence plan for MGNREGS,

BRGF and RKVY should also be prepared and given to the respective agencies for implementation .

• DWM course materials provided by IGNOU shall be translated in to Hindi.

• All livelihood interventions will be based on the Business plan and RUDSETI and Banks shall also hand hold the Beneficiaries.

• Integrated NRM based livelihood pilot project, to be planned with the special support from GoI

• Creation of Marketing infrastructure of products and services.

ThanksThanksJharkhand State Watershed Jharkhand State Watershed

Mission Mission

Phone No - 0651 – 2403019 / Phone No - 0651 – 2403019 / 24070192407019

Fax–0651-2401974,Fax–0651-2401974,rddjharkhand.slna@gmail.comWebsite – www.jswm.nic.inWebsite – www.jswm.nic.in